Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
  • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
  • B21C1/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, metal wire, metal rods, metal tubes by drawing
  • B21C1/16—Metal drawing by machines or apparatus in which the drawing action is effected by other means than drums, e.g. by a longitudinally-moved carriage pulling or pushing the work or stock for making metal sheets, bars, or tubes
  • B21C1/27—Carriages; Drives
  • B21C1/30—Drives, e.g. carriage-traversing mechanisms; Driving elements, e.g. drawing chains; Controlling the drive
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
  • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
  • B21C1/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, metal wire, metal rods, metal tubes by drawing
  • B21C1/16—Metal drawing by machines or apparatus in which the drawing action is effected by other means than drums, e.g. by a longitudinally-moved carriage pulling or pushing the work or stock for making metal sheets, bars, or tubes
  • B21C1/22—Metal drawing by machines or apparatus in which the drawing action is effected by other means than drums, e.g. by a longitudinally-moved carriage pulling or pushing the work or stock for making metal sheets, bars, or tubes specially adapted for making tubular articles

Definitions

• the invention relates to the field of shaping materials by drawing or drawing to reduce, in one or more drawing passes, the dimensions of metal objects of great length, typically tubes.
• Figure 1 illustrates diagrammatically a standard drawing device of the "ROTUBLOC" type (R) and the implementation of this drawing device in batches of 8 baskets of tubes per drawing pass: * for a drawing pass drawing and therefore a given die, 8 baskets of tubes in crowns, arranged on a carousel, pass successively in front of the drawing block, where a full basket feeds the die into a tube, while the next empty basket receives the drawn tube. * at each change of die, the 7 baskets of tubes pass in front of the drawing block - and this, as many times as there are drawing passes, generally from 5 to 10. * at the end of the drawing, the baskets of drawn tubes are moved to a slicing station where the lengthening and conditioning of the drawn tubes is carried out.
• the device for drawing a long metal product comprises in series a drawing block, a device for drawing said long drawn metal product, and is characterized in that, a) said drawing device comprises two belts closely spaced and counter-rotating motors which linearly drive said long drawn metal product, b) said drawing device comprises a device for automatically engaging the tapered end of said long drawn product from the outlet of said drawing block to at the outlet of said traction device. c) said automatic engagement device comprises an auxiliary traction means powered by said traction device.
• FIG. 1 illustrates the state of the art. It is a schematic view of the installation on the ground of the drawing device by "ROTUBLOC” (R): the drawing system by “ROTUBLOC” comprises, as represented by the central rectangle of FIG. 1, a die for drawing (10) and a capstan traction system (38).
• the implementation of this system implies the presence of two baskets (6): a basket of tubes in a crown for supplying the die and a basket for receiving the drawn tube, in the form of a crown.
• a carousel makes it possible to scroll the baskets in front of the drawing die (10).
• FIG. 2 represents a schematic top view of the location on the ground of the drawing means of FIG. 1, and of the slicing means (32) supplied with baskets (6) of drawn tubes intended to produce drawn drawn tubes. length and packaged (35), the empty baskets (6) then being loaded with blanks of tubes (39) (coming from the upstream stretching machines) to be stretched and directed towards the stretching means.
• Figures 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 are sectional views, along a vertical plane, of the automatic stretching device according to the invention which illustrate the phase of automatic engagement of the long product (2) from the outlet of die (10) of the drawing block (7) to the outlet (33) of the traction means (16) comprising two belts or traction tracks (17) which define a traction length LT (18).
• the automatic stretching device comprises, in line, a stretching block (7), a cooling block (12), and a traction device (16).
• the drawing block (7) includes a drawing die (10) and possibly a notch generator (37) - only shown in Figure 3 so as not to weigh down the figures.
• the cooling block (12) includes washing and cooling ramps (13) and a wiping box (14).
• Figures 3 and 3a show the initial state of the automatic stretching device before starting the DEA (19): the end (4a) of the tip (4) protrudes from the outlet of the drawing die (7) , and the DEA (19) is not activated: the hooking means (21) is kept slightly away from the outlet (33) of the traction device (16).
• Figures 4 and 4a show the activation of the DEA, that is to say the movement of the DEA (19) thanks to the jack (23) so that the attachment means (21) is at the outlet (33) of the traction device (16).
• Figures 5 and 5a show the movement of the DEA by reversing the traction device (16): the hooking means (21) passes through the traction device (16) and the cooling block (12), pushing the box wiper (14) consisting of scraper seals, also guided by the guide means (24), against the drawing die (10), and automatically hooks the end (4a).
• guide means (24a) at the outlet (33) of the device traction (16), as shown in Figures 3a, 4a, 5a, 6a and 7a.
• the length L of the assembly constituted by the auxiliary traction means (20) and the attachment means (21) is shown, a length which corresponds to the distance between the outlet of the drawing block (7) and the entry of the traction block device (16), increased by the length of strip necessary for the driving of the auxiliary traction means (20) by the traction device (16) - that is to say approximately 9 m in total for a traction device (16) of the "caterpillar” type capable of exerting a force of 2 tonnes (20,000 N) for example.
• this length depends on the length of the cooling box and the power of the "caterpillar" which results in the contact length (or even length in engagement) in the "caterpillar".
• FIGS. 6 and 6a illustrate the next step where the traction device (16) is put back into forward gear: the drawn product (2a) is pulled through the die then crosses the cooling block (12) and drives the box d wiping (14) to the cooling block, while the auxiliary traction means (20) returns to the position it had in FIGS. 4 and 4a, the hooking means (21) then being at the outlet ( 33) of the traction device (16), while the other end of the auxiliary traction means (20) clings to the jack (23) thanks to the guide means (24a).
• FIGS. 7 and 7a illustrate the deactivation of the DEA by action of the jack (23): the hooking means (21) is moved away from the outlet (33) to allow the free passage of the drawn product (2a), the auxiliary means of traction (20) finding a garage position already shown in Figure 3.
• Figure 7b is a cross section showing the shape of the guide rails (two "U” rails).
• Figures 8, 8a and 8b relate to the automatic engagement device (19).
• Figure 8 is a top view showing the hooking means (21) fixed to one end of the steel strip (20).
• the attachment means carries 4 cams (22) facing two by two, as shown by springs of low return force ( ⁇ 1 daN) and has a guide channel (40).
• the attachment means (21) also carries guide pins (36) in the guide rails (24).
• Figure 8a is a side view of the hooking means (21).
• the upper part is occupied by the cams (not shown), and the right part secures the thin steel strip (20) by means of attachment (21).
• the outlet ramp (41) of the guide channel (40) is shown in dotted lines.
• FIG. 8b is a top view of a pair of cams (22), the active surface of which is provided with teeth (22a) oriented so that the tip (4) of the product that is long to pull does not run the risk of slipping and to separate from the attachment means when the latter exerts traction on said point.
• Figure 9 is a diagram of the synchronization system (27) located between two successive drawing blocks (7,7a, 7b) comprising a plate (27b) supporting a loop (28) of long drawn product (2a, 2b, 2c ) whose diameter is measured by a sensor (27a), an acceleration motor (29) or "pinch-roll" at the loop output (28).
• This plate (27b) has a border (40) in inverted "U” which allows the guidance of the long drawn product.
• Figure 10 shows in longitudinal section the tip (4) of a tube to be stretched in 3 stretching passes. It contains 3 mandrels (31,31a, 31b). Notches (30) and / or more plugs (34) can be used to hold the mandrels in a limited space, and possibly the lubricants of the stretching mandrels.
• FIG. 11 represents a drawing line (31) comprising in series:
• this slicing station for cutting to length and final packaging (35) of the drawn semi-finished products.
• this slicing station can be replaced by a winding and receiving device in a basket for other processing operations (annealing, stretching, grooving, sheathing, etc.)
• the generic means of the invention can take several concrete forms.
• the automatic engagement device (19) comprises: a) an auxiliary traction means (20) of limited length, one end of which is secured to a hooking means / automatic unhooking (21), said length being such that, when said hooking means is fixed to said tapered end of said long product (2) coming out of said drawing block, said auxiliary traction means is engaged by its other end with said traction device. It can also pass over its entire length of said traction device (16) and its other end be beyond said traction device (16).
• front and rear displacement means may further comprise a secondary means (23) for moving and engaging or detaching said attachment means (21) with said traction device (20) at the output thereof.
• Figures 3 to 7 and 3a to 7a illustrate in detail the automatic stretching device according to the invention, a device which comprises, on the one hand in line, stretching means: stretching block (7), block cooling (13) and traction device (16), and on the other hand, an automatic engagement device (19) integrated into these drawing means.
• stretching means stretching block (7), block cooling (13) and traction device (16)
• an automatic engagement device (19) integrated into these drawing means As has been clearly shown, the invention makes it possible not only to carry out an automatic engagement of the tube to be stretched in a die, but above all to carry out an engagement of the tube up to the outlet (33) of the traction device (16).
• the invention aims not only to solve the problems already exposed, but also to manufacture long drawn products, mainly but not exclusively tubes, having excellent surface condition - which excludes many traction devices which injure and mark on the surface the product which is long to stretch.
• the plaintiff arrived at the conclusion that all of the problems posed, both economic and in quality, could only be resolved if a traction device based on the use of close-moving drive belts which encloses said long product stretched over a length could be coupled sufficient to exert the traction force and to drive it by simple pressure of the driving belts without injuring it, which therefore required an automatic engagement device allowing precisely the engagement of the product which is long to stretch until it leaves (33) the traction device (16).
• the automatic engagement device (19) further comprises various specific means of implementation.
• said auxiliary traction means (20) is chosen so as to present, when moving forward, a sufficient tensile strength to be able to pull said long product (2a) from the outlet of said drawing block (7), through of said cooling block (12), up to the exit of said traction device (16), and to present, in rearward displacement, a sufficient compressive strength so that, thanks to said guide means (24), said means 'automatic hooking / unhooking (21) can be moved to the exit of said drawing block (7).
• said auxiliary traction means (20) is a steel strip whose lateral positioning is ensured by rails which constitute said guide means (24).
• this steel strip can be replaced by any other device for transmitting movement and force, for example a cable inserted in small cylindrical sleeves, or even for example a strip in the form of portions of articulated bars, or '' a chain formed of articulated links.
• auxiliary traction means (20) When the auxiliary traction means (20) is not activated, it must be positioned, at the outlet of said traction device (16), by means of a guide (24a) and garage means of said auxiliary traction means (20) and of said hooking means (21).
• said secondary means ( 23) can be a jack (23) as shown in FIGS. 3 to 7, or a drive motor axis or any other equivalent means.
• said automatic hooking / unhooking means (21) consists of two cams (22) with oriented teeth allowing a gripping of said end of said long product (2) tapered as soon as and as long as the hooking means / automatic release (21) exerts traction on said end when moving forward. See figure 8.
• said cams (22) have a profile in the form of a logarithmic spiral so as to exert pressure on the tip proportional to the traction and this for the manufacture of tubes whose diameters can vary within a fairly extensive range.
• the stretching device may comprise a cooling block (12) with which is associated a wiping box (14).
• This wiping box (14), the central orifice of which is adapted to the drawn product (2a), is translatable thanks to said guide means (24) and by the pushing of said hooking means (21) until the outlet of said drawing block (7).
• a cooling block (12) is not per se necessary to implement the invention, but, in view of the need to exert traction on the long drawn metal product without injuring it, it is preferable to use , for the drive belts of the traction device (16) of slightly abrasive materials, in particular plastics or elastomers which may have limited thermal stability. In this case, it is important to cool, typically by spraying cold water, the long drawn metal product, and to wipe it before it engages between said close driving belts.
• said traction device (16) is a belt or track device (17), which can exert a traction force over a sufficient length LT (18), typically from 1 to 3 m depending on the traction forces required and the frictional forces between the long drawn product and said belts, without injuring the long drawn product.
• the driving belts are for example constituted by bands of elastomeric material or rubber held one against the other by pressure rollers and / or motors.
• the driving belts (17) could also be replaced by a succession of pairs of rollers which would have an equivalent function, the main thing being that the traction length LT (18) between the driving belts and said long drawn product is sufficient to exert the 'tensile force required for stretching, without injuring the surface of the long drawn product.
• the device according to the invention may comprise, in the case of drawing tubes, at the outlet of the drawing block (7), means (37) for forming a notch (30 ) to reduce the inside diameter of said tube and, during start-up, facilitate the positioning of the mandrel adapted to each die.
• the means (37) shown in FIG. 3 corresponds to two cams, the rotation of which leads to the formation of a notch (30), of the type of those shown in FIG. 10.
• the drawing of tubes implies the presence of a mandrel (11) inside the tube which must, during the drawing of the tube, be caught in the drawing die.
• the purpose of the notch (30) is to allow the engagement, in the die (10), of the part of smaller diameter of the mandrel (11). Without a notch (30), there is a risk of the mandrel sliding.
• This notch is made at the point (4) of the tube to be stretched only insofar as it is an intermediate drawing pass, since the notch made during the engagement of the point of the tube is intended to allow the engagement of the mandrel in the following stretching pass, as will be explained later.
• the stretching device comprises means for automating the sequential implementation of the different movements allowing the implementation of said automatic engagement means: a) reversing said secondary means (23) so as to present said hooking means (21) at the outlet of the traction device (16), b) and stopping of said secondary means as soon as reversing said traction device (16), c) reversing the traction device (16 ) until said hooking means (21) has gripped said end of said long tapered product (2), d) forward operation of the traction device (16), and possibly automatic production, by means of a generator '' notch (37), a notch (30) after displacement of said end over a predetermined given length, e) and, when said hooking means (21) comes out of said traction device (16), setting forward temp orary of said secondary means (23) to separate said hooking means (21) from the outlet of said traction device (16).
• the automation means used are known in themselves and can possibly be supplemented by any type of sensor, typically sensor for the presence of long product, speed sensor, temperature sensor, allowing reliable use of the stretching device according to the invention.
• the subject of the invention is also a drawing line (31) comprising in series as many drawing devices as that already described as there are desired drawing passes.
• This line comprises, between two successive stretching devices, a regulating device (27) allowing the guidance of said long stretched product (2a) towards the inlet of the following stretching block (7a), towards a slicing station or towards any other treatment center for the stretched tube.
• said regulating device (27) allows the formation of a loop (28) of said long drawn product, and comprises displacement means (29), typically driving rollers between which the product passes long stretched at the end of the loop, and a loop position sensor (27a).
• FIG. 9 shows the long drawn product entering and leaving said loop as being collinear, the loop control device (27) in fact makes it possible to orient, at the exit of the loop, the long drawn product in the desired direction, as clearly shown in Figure 11.
• the invention therefore makes it possible to put in series several drawing devices according to the invention, typically from 3 to 5, ordered, by decreasing die diameter and to constitute a drawing line (31) according to the invention, as shown in FIG. 11.
• a synchronization system for these devices is necessary, in particular because the linear speed of the long drawn products increases at the outlet of each die.
• This synchronization system makes it possible to carry out a sequence of stretching passes with different elongations (for example 160% stretching in the first pass, 130% in the second pass, etc.), unlike the stretching systems of the 'art which are only designed for a given stretching range.
• the stretching line (31) therefore generally comprises means for controlling the position and the speed of said long product (2, 2a, 2b 7), means for controlling the diameter of each regulation loop (28) , means for synchronizing the different linear speeds of said long products drawn at the outlet of each drawing block by varying the speed imposed on the traction devices (16) and / or the displacement means (29), so that 'there is neither accumulation nor excessive tension of said long drawn products between two successive drawing blocks (7,7a).
• the invention can be used for drawing products in crowns, such as tubes, wires or bars.
• the invention can also be used for drawing straight metal products, such as bars and tubes.
• a complete drawing line (31) was produced as shown in FIG. 11.
• This line (31) comprises 3 stretching devices (l, la, lb) followed by a slicing station (32) which delivers crowns of conditioned tubes (35) ready to be marketed.
• This line is supplied by baskets (6) of stretch tubes.
• Each stretching device (l, la, lb) comprises in series a stretching block (7,7a, 7b), a cooling block
• a loop regulating device (27,27a) makes it possible in particular to orient the drawn tube in the desired direction, and to ensure the necessary flexibility between two devices 'successive stretching, so that there is locally neither accumulation nor lack of stretched tube.
• the line (31) comprises means for guiding the stretched tube which is all along the line and permanently under position control - except at the level of the loop (28) of the regulating device (27), intended to absorb the jerks.
• the automatic piloting and line synchronization system known per se, has not been shown in FIG. 11.
• the preparation of the tip can be carried out in masked time, so that, overall, in this example, the average productivity for simultaneously carrying out the last 3 stretching passes and the slicing is between 150 and 250 m / min (effective speed), for a maximum speed of the order of 400 m / min in this example, but it can be greater than 1800 m / min.
• the stretching devices according to the invention are already of great interest in themselves for manufacturing, economically, long drawn products having a high surface quality.
• the invention gives its full measure in the production of drawing lines (31) according to the invention. Indeed, if we compare a line (31) like that of the example of embodiment, with the devices of the state of the art, the productivity is multiplied approximately by 2 for the only aspect "stretching" since the line (31) performs 3 drawing passes at an effective speed of 200 m / min, while the device of the prior art performs 1 pass at an effective speed of 250 m / min.
• the trancannage is an operation carried out separately, and not integrated as on the line (31) according to the invention, which presents at the same time a strong reduction in handling and labor costs, and also eliminating the risk of damage to the tubes.
• the possibility of integrating the slicing (or any other treatment or finishing operation of the drawn tube) in the drawing of the tube results from the fact that the invention allows total guidance of the long drawn product, the trajectory of the long drawn product, perfectly defined, which can be compared to a broken straight line, each change of direction being ensured by a regulating device (27) with a long stretched product loop (28).
• the cost of a line (31) according to the example is approximately 4 times less than that of the corresponding equipment of the prior art including the stretching and slicing means, and if we compare the footprint of a line (31) according to the example and that, shown diagrammatically in FIG. 2, of the equipment according to the state of the art, this space requirement is approximately 2 times less with a line (31) according to the invention.
• the invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiment and makes it possible to realize, by the modular design of a drawing line, various possibilities.
• the set of tube drawing passes can be carried out with 2 lines of 4 drawing devices each, the second and last line comprising the slicing station.
• the invention makes it possible, thanks to the integration of the slicing station to the drawing line (integration which was not possible with drawing devices according to the state of the art), a production of long drawn products with a high surface quality.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Metal Extraction Processes (AREA)
• Shaping By String And By Release Of Stress In Plastics And The Like (AREA)
• Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
• Motorcycle And Bicycle Frame (AREA)
• Orthopedics, Nursing, And Contraception (AREA)
• Coating Apparatus (AREA)
• Spinning Or Twisting Of Yarns (AREA)
• Manufacturing And Processing Devices For Dough (AREA)
• Lubricants (AREA)
• Press Drives And Press Lines (AREA)
• Soil Working Implements (AREA)
• Bending Of Plates, Rods, And Pipes (AREA)
• Forwarding And Storing Of Filamentary Material (AREA)
• Slide Fasteners (AREA)

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