Classifications

• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
  • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
  • D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
  • D02G3/22—Yarns or threads characterised by constructional features, e.g. blending, filament/fibre
  • D02G3/40—Yarns in which fibres are united by adhesives; Impregnated yarns or threads
  • D02G3/402—Yarns in which fibres are united by adhesives; Impregnated yarns or threads the adhesive being one component of the yarn, i.e. thermoplastic yarn
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
  • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
  • D02G1/00—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics
  • D02G1/16—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics using jets or streams of turbulent gases, e.g. air, steam
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
  • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
  • D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
  • D02G3/44—Yarns or threads characterised by the purpose for which they are designed
  • D02G3/447—Yarns or threads for specific use in general industrial applications, e.g. as filters or reinforcement
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
  • D02J—FINISHING OR DRESSING OF FILAMENTS, YARNS, THREADS, CORDS, ROPES OR THE LIKE
  • D02J13/00—Heating or cooling the yarn, thread, cord, rope, or the like, not specific to any one of the processes provided for in this subclass
  • D02J13/001—Heating or cooling the yarn, thread, cord, rope, or the like, not specific to any one of the processes provided for in this subclass in a tube or vessel
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
  • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
  • D10B2101/00—Inorganic fibres
  • D10B2101/02—Inorganic fibres based on oxides or oxide ceramics, e.g. silicates
  • D10B2101/06—Glass
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
  • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
  • D10B2101/00—Inorganic fibres
  • D10B2101/02—Inorganic fibres based on oxides or oxide ceramics, e.g. silicates
  • D10B2101/08—Ceramic
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
  • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
  • D10B2101/00—Inorganic fibres
  • D10B2101/10—Inorganic fibres based on non-oxides other than metals
  • D10B2101/14—Carbides; Nitrides; Silicides; Borides
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
  • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
  • D10B2101/00—Inorganic fibres
  • D10B2101/10—Inorganic fibres based on non-oxides other than metals
  • D10B2101/14—Carbides; Nitrides; Silicides; Borides
  • D10B2101/16—Silicon carbide
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
  • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
  • D10B2101/00—Inorganic fibres
  • D10B2101/20—Metallic fibres
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
  • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
  • D10B2331/00—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products
  • D10B2331/02—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polyamides
  • D10B2331/021—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polyamides aromatic polyamides, e.g. aramides
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
  • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
  • D10B2331/00—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products
  • D10B2331/04—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polyesters, e.g. polyethylene terephthalate [PET]
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
  • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
  • D10B2331/00—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products
  • D10B2331/06—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polyethers
  • D10B2331/061—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polyethers polyetherketones, polyetheretherketones, e.g. PEEK
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
  • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
  • D10B2331/00—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products
  • D10B2331/14—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polycondensates of cyclic compounds, e.g. polyimides, polybenzimidazoles
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10S57/00—Textiles: spinning, twisting, and twining
  • Y10S57/908—Jet interlaced or intermingled
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
  • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
  • Y10T428/2922—Nonlinear [e.g., crimped, coiled, etc.]
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
  • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
  • Y10T428/2922—Nonlinear [e.g., crimped, coiled, etc.]
  • Y10T428/2924—Composite
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
  • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
  • Y10T428/2922—Nonlinear [e.g., crimped, coiled, etc.]
  • Y10T428/2925—Helical or coiled
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
  • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
  • Y10T428/2973—Particular cross section
  • Y10T428/2976—Longitudinally varying

Definitions

• the present invention relates to new hybrid yarns which are distinguished by a particularly low thermal shrinkage.
• Such yarns can advantageously be processed into composite materials or textile fabrics, such as scrims.
• Hybrid yarns i.e. yarns made from reinforcement and matrix filaments, are known per se. Such yarns are used, for example, as intermediate products for the production of composite materials.
• a textile fabric is usually first produced from the hybrid yarn; The matrix filaments of these hybrid yarns are then converted by melting or melting into a matrix which embeds or flows around the reinforcement filaments and, together with them, builds up the composite.
• the matrix filaments are generally not subject to high requirements with regard to strength and other mechanical properties, since these are melted anyway in later processing steps. This eliminates the need for costly post-spinning treatment such as stretching or fixing in the manufacture of such filaments. Matrix filaments therefore inherently show considerable thermal shrinkage, which can adversely affect the product in the later processing steps.
• so-called two-component loop yarns with high strength and low shrinkage are known. Such yarns were developed in particular for use as sewing threads and are described, for example, in EP-B-363,798. However, such yarns usually do not have matrix filaments made from deep-melting filaments, but are made up of filaments of one type but of different strengths, which are arranged in a core-sheath structure.
• the yarns according to the invention are distinguished by a very low thermal shrinkage over a relatively large temperature interval.
• the present invention relates to low-shrinkage hybrid yarns containing reinforcing filaments and matrix filaments made of thermoplastic polymers which have a lower melting point than the melting or decomposition point of the reinforcing filaments.
• the hybrid yarns according to the invention are characterized in that they have a thermal shrinkage, measured on a yarn sample under a load of 0.0004 cN / dtex at an air temperature of 160 ° C, of less than or equal to 2%, in particular of less than or equal to 1%, and at Air temperature of 200 ° C of less than or equal to 5%, in particular less than or equal to 3%.
• loops are formed at the two ends of six yarn samples, each 60 cm long, and these yarn samples are hooked onto their loops on a shrink rod. These yarn samples are each subjected to a preload force of 0.0004 cN / dtex.
• the shrink bar with the Yarn samples are suspended in a forced air oven and then treated with hot air at a defined temperature for 15 minutes. The change in length of the yarn sample before and after heating in% represents the thermal shrinkage.
• the mechanical properties of the hybrid yarns according to the invention are dependent on the composition, such as the type and proportion of the reinforcing filaments or the matrix filaments, depending on the physical structure of the yarns, e.g. Degree of turbulence, can be varied within wide limits.
• the proportion of the matrix filaments is usually 5 to 60% by weight, preferably 10 to 50% by weight, based on the weight of the hybrid yarn.
• hybrid yarn is to be understood in its broadest meaning within the scope of this description. Accordingly, this includes any combination containing reinforcing filaments and the matrix filaments defined above.
• hybrid yarn types are filament yarns from different types of filaments which are interwoven with one another or combined with one another by means of another technology, such as for example twisting. All of these hybrid yarns are characterized by the presence of two or more types of filaments, at least one type of filament being a reinforcing filament and at least one type of filament being a matrix filament as defined above.
• Hybrid yarns produced by intermingling or commingling techniques are particularly preferably used; it can be loop yarns, but preferably plain yarns.
• the smooth yarns according to the invention are notable for particularly good processability with area-forming technologies and good fabric samples.
• the hybrid yarns according to the invention preferably have a static shrinkage force, measured according to DIN 53866, part 12, at temperatures of up to 200 ° C. of up to 0.01 cN / dtex.
• the number of intermingling points in the hybrid yarns according to the invention can be set within wide ranges by the selection of the intermingling conditions.
• Preferred hybrid yarns have a intermingling distance of less than 60 mm, preferably less than 30 mm; this value refers to a measurement with the Rothschild Entanglement Tester 2050 needle tester.
• the matrix filaments of the hybrid yarns according to the invention consist of thermoplastic polymers. These preferably have a melting point which is at least 30 ° C. below the melting or destruction point of the reinforcing filament elements used in each case.
• the reinforcing filaments used in the hybrid yarns according to the invention can be filaments made from a large number of materials. In addition to organic polymers, inorganic materials can also be used. Reinforcement filaments in the sense of this description mean filaments which assume a reinforcing function in the desired textile fabric or composite material.
• the reinforcement filaments are constructed from individual filaments which have an initial modulus of more than 50 GPa.
• Preferred reinforcing filaments of this type are made of glass; Carbon; Metals or metal alloys, such as steel, aluminum or tungsten; Non-metals such as boron; Metal, semimetal or non-metal oxides, carbides or nitrides, such as aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, boron nitride, boron carbide, silicon carbide, silicon dioxide (quartz); Ceramics, or high-performance polymers (i.e.
• fibers that provide a very high initial modulus and a very high tensile strength with little or no stretching
• LCP liquid-crystalline polyesters
• BBB poly (bis-benzimidazo-benzophenanthrolines
• PAI polybenzimidazoles
• PBO poly (p-phenylene benzobisoxazoles
• PBT poly (p-phenylene benzobisthiazoles)
• PES polyether ketones
• PEI polyether sulfones
• PESU Polyether sulfones
• PESU polyimides
• PI poly (p-phenylenes)
• PPS polyarylene sulfides
• PSU polyolefins
• PE polyethylene
• PP polypropylene
• HMA aramids
• Reinforcement filaments made of glass, carbon or aromatic polyamide are particularly preferred.
• reinforcement and matrix filaments are used which consist of polymeric materials from one polymer class, for example polyolefins, polyamides or preferably polyesters.
• the individual filaments of the reinforcement filaments have an initial modulus of more than 10 GPa.
• Reinforcing filaments for this embodiment are preferably high-strength and low-shrinkage polyester filament yarns, in particular with a yarn titer of less than or equal to 1100 dtex, a tenacity of greater than or equal to 55 cN / tex, a maximum tensile strength elongation of greater than or equal to 12% and a hot air shrinkage (measured at 200 ° C.) of less equal to 9%.
• the maximum tensile force and the maximum tensile force elongation of the polyester yarns used are measured in accordance with DIN 53 830, Part 1.
• Matrix filaments in the hybrid yarns according to the invention consist of or contain thermoplastic polymers. These can be any melt-spinnable thermoplastics, as long as the filaments produced therefrom melt at a temperature which is lower than the melting or decomposition temperature of the reinforcing filaments used in the respective case.
• Matrix filaments of polybutylene terephthalate and / or of polyethylene terephthalate and / or of chemically modified polyethylene terephthalate are preferred.
• Matrix filaments made of a thermoplastic modified polyester, in particular a modified polyethylene terephthalate, are very particularly preferably used; the modification lowers the melting point compared to the filament made of unmodified polyester.
• modified polyesters of this type contain the recurring structural units of the formulas I and II -O-OC-Ar 1 -CO-OR 1 - (I), -O-OC-R 2 -CO-OR 3 - (II), in which Ar 1 represents a divalent mono- or polynuclear aromatic radical, the free valences of which are in the para position or in a parallel or coaxial position with respect to one another, preferably 1,4-phenylene and / or 2,6-naphthylene , R 1 and R 3 independently of one another represent divalent aliphatic or cycloaliphatic radicals, in particular radicals of the formula -C n H 2n -, in which n is an integer between 2 and 10, in particular ethylene, or a radical derived from cyclohexanedimethanol, and R 2 represents a divalent aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or mononuclear or polynuclear aromatic radical, the free valences of which are
• Very particularly preferred modified polyesters of this type contain 40 to 95 mol% of the repeating structural units of the formula I and 60 to 5 mol% of the repeating structural units of the formula II, in which Ar 1 is 1,4-phenylene and / or 2,6-naphthylene, R 1 and R 3 are ethylene and R 2 is 1,3-phenylene.
• matrix filaments are used which consist of or contain a thermoplastic and elastomeric polymer. These can also be any melt-spinnable and elastomeric thermoplastics, as long as the filaments produced therefrom melt at a temperature which is lower than the melting or decomposition temperature of the reinforcing filaments used in the respective case.
• elastomeric polymer is understood to mean a polymer whose glass transition temperature is less than 0 ° C., preferably less than 23 ° C.
• thermoplastic and elastomeric polymers are elastomeric polyamides, polyolefins, polyesters and polyurethanes. Such polymers are known per se.
• radicals in the structural formulas defined above mean divalent aliphatic radicals, this means branched and in particular straight-chain alkylene, for example alkylene with two to twenty, preferably with two to ten, carbon atoms.
• examples of such radicals are ethane-1,2-diyl, propane-1,3-diyl, butane-1,4-diyl, pentane-1,5-diyl, hexane-1,6-diyl or octane-1,8 -diyl.
• radicals in the structural formulas defined above are divalent cycloaliphatic radicals, they are to be understood as meaning groups which contain carbocyclic radicals having five to eight, preferably six, ring carbon atoms. Examples of such radicals are cyclohexane-1,4-diyl or the group -CH 2 -C 6 H 10 -CH 2 -.
• radicals in the structural formulas defined above mean divalent aromatic radicals, these are mono- or polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon radicals or heterocyclic-aromatic radicals which can be mono- or polynuclear.
• heterocyclic-aromatic radicals these have in particular one or two oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur atoms in the aromatic nucleus.
• Polynuclear aromatic radicals can be condensed with one another or connected to one another via C-C bonds or via bridging groups such as -O-, -S-, -CO- or -CO-NH groups.
• the valence bonds of the divalent aromatic radicals can be in a para- or in a comparable coaxial or parallel position to one another, or also in a meta or in a comparable angular position to one another.
• valence bonds which are in a coaxial or parallel position, are directed in opposite directions.
• An example of coaxial, oppositely directed bonds are the biphen-4,4'-diyl bonds.
• An example of parallel, opposite bonds are the naphthalene 1,5 or 2,6 bonds, while the naphthalene 1,8 bonds are parallel aligned.
• Examples of preferred divalent aromatic radicals whose valence bonds are in para- or in a comparable coaxial or parallel position to one another are mononuclear aromatic radicals with mutually para-free valences, in particular 1,4-phenylene or dinuclear fused aromatic radicals with parallel directed bonds, in particular 1,4-, 1,5- and 2,6-naphthylene, or dinuclear aromatic residues linked via a CC bond with coaxial, oppositely directed bonds, in particular 4,4'-biphenylene.
• Examples of preferred divalent aromatic radicals whose valence bonds are in a meta or in a comparable angled position to one another are mononuclear aromatic radicals with free valences which are meta to one another, in particular 1,3-phenylene or dinuclear condensed aromatic radicals with bonds oriented at an angle to one another, in particular 1,6- and 2,7-naphthylene, or dinuclear aromatic residues linked via a CC bond with bonds oriented at an angle to one another, in particular 3,4'-biphenylene.
• substituents are alkyl, alkoxy or halogen.
• Alkyl radicals are to be understood as meaning branched and in particular straight-chain alkyl, for example alkyl having one to six carbon atoms, in particular methyl.
• Alkoxy radicals are to be understood as meaning branched and in particular straight-chain alkoxy, for example alkoxy having one to six carbon atoms, in particular methoxy.
• radicals are halogen, it is, for example, fluorine, bromine or, in particular, chlorine.
• the matrix filaments used in the hybrid yarn according to the invention can be constructed from thermoplastic polymers which usually have an intrinsic viscosity of at least 0.5 dl / g, preferably 0.6 to 1.5 dl / g.
• the intrinsic viscosity is measured in a solution of the thermoplastic polymer in dichloroacetic acid at 25 ° C.
• these polyesters usually have an intrinsic viscosity of at least 0.5 dl / g, preferably 0.6 to 1.5 dl / g.
• the intrinsic viscosity is measured as described above.
• the hybrid yarns according to the invention usually have yarn count from 6000 to 150 dtex, preferably from 4500 to 150 dtex.
• the individual fiber titer of the reinforcing filaments and the matrix filaments usually ranges from 2 to 10 dtex, preferably 4 to 8 dtex.
• the cross sections of the reinforcing filaments and the matrix filaments can be any; for example elliptical, bi- or multilobal, ribbon-shaped or preferably round.
• thermoplastic polymers are prepared by processes known per se by polycondensation of the corresponding bifunctional monomer components.
• dicarboxylic acids or dicarboxylic acid esters and the corresponding diol components are usually used.
• Such thermoplastic and optionally elastomeric polyesters, polyurethanes, polyamides and polyolefins are already known.
• hybrid yarns according to the invention can be produced by means of special blowing intermingling processes.
• the blowing is carried out by means of a fluid in a swirl nozzle, e.g. Water or in particular by a gas which is inert to the roving strands, in particular by air, which may be humidified.
• a fluid in a swirl nozzle e.g. Water or in particular by a gas which is inert to the roving strands, in particular by air, which may be humidified.
• the filament material is fed to the blowing nozzle at a higher speed than is drawn from it.
• Blown-twisted loop or plain yarns can be produced by different ropes of roving strands.
• blow-swirling process known per se is modified in such a way that before the highly shrinkable matrix filaments run into the swirling nozzle, their shrinkage is partially or completely triggered by heating.
• the leading of this roving component before the heating step is therefore to be chosen larger in the method than without such a heating step.
• loop hybrid yarns or in particular hybrid plain yarns can be obtained.
• the intermingling distance or the intermingling density is primarily determined by the pressure of the intermingling medium and the nozzle type selected in each case.
• a corresponding swirl pressure must be selected for a specific nozzle type.
• the working pressure is expediently in the range from 1 to 8 bar, preferably from 1.5 to 6 bar, in particular from 1.5 to 3 bar.
• the shrinkage of the matrix roving prior to entering the intermingling nozzle can be triggered by methods known per se. For example by heating by means of godets, by contact with a heating rail or a heating pin, without contact by passing through a heating device, for example by a device as described in EP-A-579,092 or by a steam stuffer box method.
• either high-strength multifilament yarns can be placed in the interlacing device or the multifilament yarns can be stretched and, if necessary, fixed immediately before entering the interlacing nozzle.
• Reinforcement rovings are preferably used which have a maximum tensile force, based on the final titer, of at least 60 cN / tex.
• Further preferred reinforcement rovings have a thermal shrinkage at 200 ° C. of 2 to 8%.
• the primary hybrid yarn After leaving the intermingling nozzle, the primary hybrid yarn is drawn off, with usually only a low tension being allowed to occur.
• a primary hybrid yarn can be formed with no, little or a high proportion of loops. If a plain yarn is desired, the primary yarn can be heated with a low or high proportion of loops with shrinkage approval. The loops contract and the yarn structure is largely smoothed. Smooth yarns that have already formed in the intermingling nozzle are usually drawn off and wound up directly.
• the interlacing of the hybrid yarns from reinforcement and matrix filaments of the first embodiment described above is preferably carried out by means of a special warm interlacing process, which is described in EP-B-0,455,193.
• the reinforcement filaments are warmed up to near the softening point before swirling (approx. 600 ° C for glass).
• the heating can be done by godets and / or heating tube, while the low-melting thermoplastic single filaments made of polyester are also preheated to trigger the shrinkage and fed to the higher-level swirl nozzle.
• the resulting smooth, high-thread-lock hybrid yarns are easily weaved.
• the hybrid yarns according to the invention can be processed into textile fabrics by methods known per se. Examples of this are woven fabrics, knitted fabrics, knitted fabrics and, in particular, scrims. Such textile fabrics can be converted or stabilized by melting the matrix component in composite materials.
• the invention also relates to the use of the hybrid yarns for these purposes.
• a bobbin with reinforcing roving and a bobbin with matrix roving were placed on a creel.
• the nature of the rovings and the yarn titer used are listed in Table 1 below.
• the reinforcing roving was fed directly to a intermingling nozzle via a delivery system consisting of three godets.
• a heater was interposed between the delivery godets. This was a device for the contactless heating of running threads, as described in EP-A-569,082.
• the matrix roving was also fed to the texturing nozzle via a delivery unit consisting of two godets and a heating device arranged between them. Instead of or in addition to the intermediate heating device, the delivery godets were heated.
• the heating device was a device for the contactless heating of running threads, as described in EP-A-579,092.
• the temperatures of the godets of the delivery plants were between 80 and 130 ° C.
• the primary hybrid yarn was drawn off by means of a further godet, the surface speed of the godet being adjusted in such a way that the yarn structure was optimized for the textile properties. Details on the implementation of the procedure can be found in the table below.
• the properties of the hybrid yarns obtained are shown in a further Table 2.
• Table 1 Manufacturing conditions of the hybrid yarns Example No. Reinforcement roving (type; titer dtex) Matrix roving (type; titer dtex) Lore Heater / godet temperature reinforcing roving (° C) Heater / godet temperature Mat roving (° C) Ampl.
• hybrid yarns were produced by intermingling.
• High-strength PET multifilament yarns with a titre of 1100 dtex were used as reinforcing rovings and filament yarns with a titre of 280 dtex based on isophthalic acid-modified PET as matrix rovings. Details of the manufacturing conditions are listed in Table 3. The properties of the yarns obtained are shown in Table 4. Table 3 Manufacturing conditions of the hybrid yarns Example No. Lore Heater / godet temperature reinforcing roving (° C) Heater / godet temperature Mat roving (° C) Ampl.
• Example 1 Analogous to Example 1, hybrid yarns were produced by intermingling. Glass multifilament yarns of 3000 dtex titre were used as reinforcement rovings and filament yarns of 750 dtex titre based on isophthalic acid-modified PET as matrix rovings. Details of the manufacturing conditions are listed in Table 5. The properties of the yarns obtained are shown in Table 6. Table 5 Manufacturing conditions of the hybrid yarns Example No. Lore Heater / godet temperature reinforcing roving (° C) Heater / godet temperature Mat roving (° C) Ampl.
• a low-shrinkage hybrid yarn with reinforcing roving made of PET and with matrix roving made of isophthalic acid-modified PET was produced.
• the yarn titer was 1380 dtex. This yarn was loaded with different pretension weights and each treated for 15 minutes in a forced air oven at an air temperature of 100 ° C or 160 ° C.
• the following thermal shrinkage values were measured: Preload weight (cN) 0.16 0.5 0.8 1.5 3rd Thermal shrink at 100 ° C 33.5 2.3 1 0.5 0.5 Thermal shrink at 160 ° C 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.1
• low-shrinkage hybrid yarns were produced from reinforcing roving made from PET and from matrix roving made from different types of PET modified with isophthalic acid.
• the manufacturing conditions were the same in each case.
• the matrix rovings differ in the melting range of the PET type.
• the proportion of the matrix component in the hybrid yarns was 15 to 20% by volume.
• the delivery of the matrix roving was between 50 and 100%.

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• Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
• Manufacture, Treatment Of Glass Fibers (AREA)
• Artificial Filaments (AREA)

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