Classifications

• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D03—WEAVING
  • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
  • D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
  • D03D15/20—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the material of the fibres or filaments constituting the yarns or threads
  • D03D15/283—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the material of the fibres or filaments constituting the yarns or threads synthetic polymer-based, e.g. polyamide or polyester fibres
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
  • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
  • D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
  • D02G3/02—Yarns or threads characterised by the material or by the materials from which they are made
  • D02G3/04—Blended or other yarns or threads containing components made from different materials
  • D02G3/045—Blended or other yarns or threads containing components made from different materials all components being made from artificial or synthetic material
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D03—WEAVING
  • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
  • D03D1/00—Woven fabrics designed to make specified articles
  • D03D1/02—Inflatable articles
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D03—WEAVING
  • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
  • D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
  • D03D15/20—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the material of the fibres or filaments constituting the yarns or threads
  • D03D15/242—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the material of the fibres or filaments constituting the yarns or threads inorganic, e.g. basalt
  • D03D15/267—Glass
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D03—WEAVING
  • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
  • D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
  • D03D15/40—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the structure of the yarns or threads
  • D03D15/47—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the structure of the yarns or threads multicomponent, e.g. blended yarns or threads
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D03—WEAVING
  • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
  • D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
  • D03D15/50—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the properties of the yarns or threads
  • D03D15/56—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the properties of the yarns or threads elastic
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D03—WEAVING
  • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
  • D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
  • D03D15/50—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the properties of the yarns or threads
  • D03D15/573—Tensile strength
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D03—WEAVING
  • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
  • D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
  • D03D15/50—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the properties of the yarns or threads
  • D03D15/587—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the properties of the yarns or threads adhesive; fusible
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
  • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
  • D10B2101/00—Inorganic fibres
  • D10B2101/02—Inorganic fibres based on oxides or oxide ceramics, e.g. silicates
  • D10B2101/06—Glass
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
  • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
  • D10B2101/00—Inorganic fibres
  • D10B2101/10—Inorganic fibres based on non-oxides other than metals
  • D10B2101/12—Carbon; Pitch
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
  • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
  • D10B2321/00—Fibres made from polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • D10B2321/02—Fibres made from polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds polyolefins
  • D10B2321/021—Fibres made from polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds polyolefins polyethylene
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
  • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
  • D10B2321/00—Fibres made from polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • D10B2321/02—Fibres made from polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds polyolefins
  • D10B2321/022—Fibres made from polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds polyolefins polypropylene
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
  • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
  • D10B2331/00—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products
  • D10B2331/02—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polyamides
  • D10B2331/021—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polyamides aromatic polyamides, e.g. aramides
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
  • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
  • D10B2331/00—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products
  • D10B2331/04—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polyesters, e.g. polyethylene terephthalate [PET]
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
  • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
  • D10B2401/00—Physical properties
  • D10B2401/04—Heat-responsive characteristics
  • D10B2401/041—Heat-responsive characteristics thermoplastic; thermosetting
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
  • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
  • D10B2401/00—Physical properties
  • D10B2401/06—Load-responsive characteristics
  • D10B2401/061—Load-responsive characteristics elastic
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
  • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
  • D10B2401/00—Physical properties
  • D10B2401/06—Load-responsive characteristics
  • D10B2401/063—Load-responsive characteristics high strength
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
  • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
  • D10B2501/00—Wearing apparel
  • D10B2501/04—Outerwear; Protective garments
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
  • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
  • D10B2505/00—Industrial
  • D10B2505/10—Packaging, e.g. bags
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
  • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
  • D10B2505/00—Industrial
  • D10B2505/12—Vehicles
  • D10B2505/124—Air bags
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
  • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
  • D10B2505/00—Industrial
  • D10B2505/18—Outdoor fabrics, e.g. tents, tarpaulins
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
  • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
  • D10B2505/00—Industrial
  • D10B2505/20—Industrial for civil engineering, e.g. geotextiles
  • D10B2505/204—Geotextiles

Definitions

• the present invention textile fabrics based on polyester with high density, which can be processed into composite materials with a very good integration of the reinforcing fibers in a polyester matrix.
• GB-A-1,200,342 describes fabrics made of reinforcing fibers and matrix fibers that can be pressed into fiber-reinforced composite materials.
• JP-A-03-266,745 describes a flexible band of hybrid yarns which, in addition to a first filament yarn component, contains a matrix-forming elastomeric second filament yarn component. Such tapes are wound on a mandrel and by melting the second filament yarn component, a flexible molded body is produced which is suitable for use as an airbag. This manufacturing route bypasses the manufacture of a textile surface, such as a woven or knitted fabric.
• fabrics and knitted fabrics which contain a hybrid yarn made of a multi-component fiber and a conventional polyester fiber.
• the multi-component fiber consists of a thermoplastic elastomer, such as an elastomeric polyurethane or an elastomeric polyester, and a polyester.
• the described Flat structures are intended for textile applications and are characterized by good elastic recovery and freedom from creasing.
• the fabrics are stabilized by melting the elastomer component during dyeing, and the result is a good distribution of the melted component in the fabric.
• This publication does not refer to the production of fiber-reinforced composite materials from these fabrics.
• the fields of application of the fabrics and knitted fabrics mentioned in this publication suggest that they must be fabrics with a relatively low density.
• JP-A-04-353,525 discloses prepregs made of hybrid yarns which, in addition to reinforcing fibers, are made up of filaments made of thermoplastic and elastomeric materials. Polyester and polyurethane are mentioned as thermoplastic and elastomeric components.
• the prepregs are used to manufacture composite materials;
• hybrid yarns can be produced from the two types of filament, which are processed into fabrics and then converted into shaped structures by heating, or direct molding processes such as pultrusion or filament winding processes are used.
• Shaped structures with complicated shapes can be produced from the prepregs.
• the shaped structures are characterized by good damping properties, high flexibility and impact resistance and can be used as conveyor belts, shoe soles or sporting goods. This publication does not refer to the production of high-density textile fabrics.
• the invention relates to textile fabrics containing hybrid yarns made of reinforcing fibers made of polyester and of lower melting matrix fibers made of polyester, and with a density D of greater than or equal to 0.6 g / cm 3 , preferably greater than or equal to 0.7 g / cm 3 , where D is the quotient the weight per unit area of the textile fabric, expressed in g / cm 2 , and the thickness of the textile fabric, expressed in cm.
• textile fabric is to be understood in its broadest meaning within the scope of this description. These can be all structures containing the hybrid yarns described above, which have been produced using a surface-forming technique and which have the density D defined above.
• textile fabrics are knitted fabrics, knitted fabrics, scrims and in particular fabrics.
• fiber is also to be understood in its broadest meaning in the context of this description. This includes both fibers of limited length (staple fibers) and preferably continuous fibers, so-called filaments, which are in the form of multifilaments.
• hybrid yarn is also to be understood in its broadest meaning in the context of this description. This means any combination containing reinforcing fibers and matrix fibers.
• hybrid yarn types are filament yarns from different types of filaments which are interwoven with one another or combined with one another by means of another technology, such as for example twisting or interlacing; or combinations of filaments with staple fibers, for example so-called core yarns; or combinations of different types of staple fibers, for example so-called secondary spun yarns. All of these hybrid yarn types are characterized by the presence of two or more types of fibers, at least one type of fiber being a polyester reinforcing fiber and at least one type of fiber being a polyester matrix fiber.
• Filament yarns are preferred; Hybrid yarns produced by intermingling or commingling techniques are particularly preferred.
• hybrid yarns used in accordance with the invention are described using the example of the preferred blow-mixed yarns.
• Other types of hybrid yarns can be produced in a manner known per se.
• the interlacing of the hybrid yarns made of reinforcing and matrix filaments can take place - in particular when using high-modulus polyester reinforcing filaments - by means of a special warm interlacing process, which is described in EP-B-0,455,193.
• the filaments are warmed up to near the softening point before swirling.
• the heating can be carried out by means of godets and / or a heating tube, while the low-melting thermoplastic individual filaments of the matrix fiber made of polyester are fed to the superordinate intermingling nozzle without preheating. This smooth, with high Threaded hybrid yarns are easy to weave.
• customary intermingling or commingling techniques can be used to produce the hybrid yarns, as described, for example, in chemical fibers / textile industry, (7/8) 1989, T 185-7.
• the hybrid yarns used to produce the textile fabrics according to the invention contain matrix fibers made of thermoplastic polyesters which have a melting point which is usually at least 10 ° C., preferably at least 30 ° C. below the melting point of the polyester reinforcing fibers.
• the textile fabrics according to the invention can be produced by means of techniques known per se, in particular by weaving or warp knitting techniques with their numerous variations, such as e.g. Weft rustling.
• the textile fabrics according to the invention can consist to a small extent or entirely of the hybrid yarns defined above.
• the proportion of the hybrid yarns to be selected in the individual case will be determined in addition to the desired application purpose by the respective proportion of the matrix fibers in the hybrid yarn.
• the proportion of hybrid yarns in the textile fabric or the proportion of matrix filaments in the hybrid yarn is selected according to the requirement profile of the processor.
• some of the yarns that make up the textile fabrics can only consist of carrier fibers or only of binder fibers.
• the proportion of the hybrid yarns is to be chosen in any case so that their proportion in at least one of the thread systems making up the textile fabric is at least 10%, preferably at least 50%, very particularly preferably at least 95%.
• the density of the textile fabrics according to the invention is at least 0.6 g / cm 3 .
• a) the basis weight of the textile fabric in g / cm 2 is determined and b) the thickness of the textile fabric in cm.
• the basis weight of the textile fabrics according to the invention is determined in accordance with DIN 53 854;
• the thickness of the textile fabrics according to the invention is measured in accordance with DIN 53 855, part 1 (measuring area 10 cm 2 ; measuring pressure 50 cN / cm 2 ).
• the density D is determined by forming the quotient from the basis weight and the thickness of the textile fabric.
• the upper limit of the density of the textile fabric is determined by the density of the polyester used; it is about 1.4 g / cm 3 in size.
• the density can be checked by adjusting the thread densities in the textile fabric accordingly.
• Textile fabrics which have a density D in the range from 0.7 to 1.35 g / cm 3 are preferred.
• Particularly preferred textile fabrics consist of at least 50% hybrid yarns which contain reinforcing fibers made of polyester and lower-melting matrix fibers made of polyester.
• Textile fabrics containing hybrid filament yarns are particularly preferred.
• Textile fabrics containing hybrid yarns with polyester reinforcing filaments which have an initial modulus of greater than 10 GPa are very particularly preferred.
• textile fabrics which contain hybrid yarns with matrix fibers made of polyethylene terephthalate or in particular made of polybutylene terephthalate, which have a lower melting point than the reinforcing fibers.
• textile fabrics which contain hybrid yarns which in turn contain reinforcing fibers made of a liquid-crystalline polyester and lower-melting matrix fibers made of polyethylene terephthalate.
• textile fabrics are particularly preferred which contain hybrid yarns which in turn contain reinforcing fibers made of polyethylene terephthalate with a specific strength of greater than or equal to 60 cN / tex and lower melting matrix fibers made of polybutylene terephthalate and / or of modified polyethylene terephthalate copolymers.
• the textile fabrics according to the invention mainly contain polyester fibers as reinforcing fibers.
• Reinforcing fibers in the sense of this description mean fibers which assume a reinforcing function in the composite material to be produced from the textile fabric.
• the individual fibers of the polyester reinforcing fibers usually have an initial modulus of more than 10 GPa.
• Reinforcing fibers are preferably made of high-strength and low-shrinkage polyester filaments, especially based on polyethylene terephthalate, which have a tenacity of greater than or equal to 60 cN / tex and a maximum tensile strength elongation of less than or equal to 25%, preferably from 8 to 25%, and a hot air shrinkage (measured at 200 ° C.) of less than or equal to 25%, preferably less than or equal to 15%.
• Polyester reinforcing fibers consist, for example, of liquid crystalline polyesters (LCP), such as of poly (p-hydroxybenzoate), of polyethylene naphthalate or of copolyesters derived from 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol, or derived from 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 4. 4'-biphenyldicarboxylic acid, terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol, or in particular from polyethylene terephthalate.
• LCP liquid crystalline polyesters
• the textile fabrics according to the invention can also contain a small proportion, for example up to 10% by weight, of other carrier fibers;
• fibers with an initial modulus of more than 50 GPa such as fibers made of glass, carbon or high-performance polymers (i.e. fibers which provide a very high initial modulus and a very high tensile strength with little or no stretching), such as polyolefins, e.g. Polyethylene (PE) or polypropylene (PP), and aramids, e.g.
• PE Polyethylene
• PP polypropylene
• aramids e.g.
• organic solvents such as N-methylpyrrolidone, spinnable aramides derived from terephthalic acid dichloride and a mixture of two or more aromatic diamines, for example the combination of p-phenylenediamine, 1,4-bis (4
• Matrix fibers in the hybrid yarns used according to the invention consist of or contain thermoplastic polyester. This can be any melt-spinnable polyester, as long as the fibers made from it melt at a lower temperature than the melt or Decomposition temperature of the reinforcing fibers used in each case is.
• polyester fiber can be used as a reinforcing fiber or as a matrix fiber, depending on the raw material combination chosen in the individual case.
• hybrid yarns made from high-melting liquid-crystalline polyesters can be used as reinforcing fibers and from polyethylene terephthalate fibers as matrix fibers; but also hybrid yarns made from polyethylene terephthalate fibers as reinforcing fibers and from lower melting modified polyethylene terephthalate fibers as matrix fibers.
• Matrix fibers made from a thermoplastic modified polyester, in particular from a modified polyethylene terephthalate, are preferably used, the modification causing a lowering of the melting point in comparison with the fiber made from unmodified polyethylene terephthalate.
• Very particularly preferred modified polyesters of this type contain 40 to 95 mol% of the repeating structural units of the formula I and 60 to 5 mol% of the repeating structural units of the formula II;
• Ar 1 is 1,4-phenylene and / or 2,6-naphthylene,
• R 1 and R 3 are ethylene and
• R 2 is 1,3-phenylene.
• matrix fibers are used which consist of or contain a thermoplastic and elastomeric polyester.
• This can also be any melt-spinnable and elastomeric polyester, as long as the fibers produced from it melt at a lower temperature than the melting or decomposition temperature of the reinforcing fiber used in the respective case.
• melt-styrene resin is understood to mean a polyester whose glass transition temperature is less than 23 ° C., preferably less than 0 ° C., in particular -50 to 0 ° C.
• Ar 2 and Ar 3 are preferably independently of one another a phenylene and / or a naphthylene radical.
• Ar 2 and Ar 3 each particularly preferably denote 1,4-phenylene.
• R 4 as a divalent aliphatic radical means straight-chain or branched alkylene or alkylidene; these are usually residues with two to twenty carbon atoms, preferably two to eight carbon atoms and in particular two to four carbon atoms.
• R 4 is particularly preferably straight-chain alkylene having two to six carbon atoms, in particular ethylene.
• R 4 as a divalent cycloaliphatic radical usually means a radical containing five to eight, preferably six ring carbon atoms; this carbocycle is particularly preferably part of an aliphatic chain.
• An example of a particularly preferred representative of this type is the rest of the cyclohexanedimethanol.
• R 4 is particularly preferably a radical of the formula -C n H 2n -, in which n is an integer between 2 and 6 or a radical derived from cyclohexanedimethanol.
• R 5 as a divalent radical of a polyoxyalkylene usually means a polyether radical which has recurring oxyethylene, oxypropylene or in particular oxybutylene units or mixtures of these units.
• o is four and z is an integer from 10 to 18.
• Hybrid yarns made of thermoplastic and elastomeric polyester containing the recurring structural units of the formulas III and IV defined above are particularly preferred, wherein Ar 2 and Ar 3 are 1,4-phenylene, R 4 is ethylene, R 5 is a group of the formula V defined above is o is four, and in which the proportion of the recurring structural units of the formula V, based on the proportion of the polyester molecule, is 5 to 60% by weight.
• Fibers made of such polyesters have different melting points depending on the proportion of the repeating structural units of the formula V; the higher the proportion of these structural units, the lower the melting point can be set.
• fibers made of an elastomeric polyester of this type with a content of 13% by weight of polyoxybutylene have a melting point of about 220 ° C.
• fibers made of an elastomeric polyester of this type with a content of 53% by weight of polyoxybutylene have a melting point of about 160 ° C.
• radicals in the structural formulas defined above mean divalent aliphatic radicals, this means branched and in particular straight-chain alkylene, for example alkylene with two to twenty, preferably with two to eight, carbon atoms.
• examples of such radicals are ethane-1,2-diyl, propane-1,3-diyl, butane-1,4-diyl, pentane-1,5-diyl, hexane-1,6-diyl or octane-1,8 -diyl.
• radicals in the structural formulas defined above are divalent cycloaliphatic radicals, they are to be understood as meaning groups which contain carbocyclic radicals having five to eight, preferably six, ring carbon atoms. Examples of such radicals are cyclohexane-1,4-diyl or the group -CH 2 -C 6 H 10 -CH 2 -.
• radicals in the structural formulas defined above mean divalent aromatic radicals, these are mono- or polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon radicals or heterocyclic-aromatic radicals which can be mono- or polynuclear.
• heterocyclic-aromatic radicals these have in particular one or two oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur atoms in the aromatic nucleus.
• Polynuclear aromatic radicals can be condensed with one another or connected to one another via C-C bonds or via bridging groups such as -O-, -S-, -CO- or -CO-NH groups.
• the valence bonds of the divalent aromatic radicals can be in a para- or in a comparable coaxial or parallel position to one another, or also in a meta or in a comparable angular position to one another.
• valence bonds which are in a coaxial or parallel position, are directed in opposite directions.
• An example of coaxial, oppositely directed bonds are the biphen-4,4'-diyl bonds.
• Examples of parallel, opposite bonds are the naphthalene 1,5 or 2,6 bonds, while the naphthalene 1,8 bonds are parallel aligned.
• Examples of preferred divalent aromatic radicals whose valence bonds are in para- or in a comparable coaxial or parallel position to one another are mononuclear aromatic radicals with mutually para-free valences, in particular 1,4-phenylene or dinuclear fused aromatic radicals with parallel directed bonds, in particular 1,4-, 1,5- and 2,6-naphthylene, or dinuclear aromatic residues linked via a CC bond with coaxial, oppositely directed bonds, in particular 4,4'-biphenylene.
• Examples of preferred divalent aromatic radicals whose valence bonds are in a meta or in a comparable angled position to one another are mononuclear aromatic radicals with free valences which are meta to one another, in particular 1,3-phenylene or dinuclear condensed aromatic radicals with bonds oriented at an angle to one another, in particular 1,6- and 2,7-naphthylene, or dinuclear aromatic residues linked via a CC bond with bonds oriented at an angle to one another, in particular 3,4'-biphenylene.
• radicals mean divalent araliphatic radicals, they are to be understood as meaning groups which contain one or more divalent aromatic radicals which are combined with an alkylene radical via one or both valences.
• a preferred example of such a radical is the group -C 6 H 4 -CH 2 -.
• the recurring structural units of the formula III or IV are typical hard or soft segments.
• Thermoplastic polyesters of this type are known and are used, for example, in Domininghaus: "Die Plastics and their properties ", 3rd edition, VDI Verlag GmbH, Düsseldorf 1988, pp. 518 - 524.
• substituents are alkyl, alkoxy or halogen.
• Alkyl radicals are to be understood as meaning branched and in particular straight-chain alkyl, for example alkyl having one to six carbon atoms, in particular methyl.
• Alkoxy radicals are to be understood as meaning branched and in particular straight-chain alkoxy, for example alkoxy with one to six carbon atoms, in particular methoxy.
• radicals are halogen, it is, for example, fluorine, bromine or, in particular, chlorine.
• the matrix fibers used in the hybrid yarn used according to the invention can be constructed from thermoplastic polyesters which usually have an intrinsic viscosity of at least 0.5 dl / g, preferably 0.6 to 1.5 dl / g.
• the intrinsic viscosity is measured in a solution of the thermoplastic polymer in dichloroacetic acid at 25 ° C.
• the reinforcing fibers made of polyester used in the hybrid yarn used according to the invention usually have an intrinsic viscosity of at least 0.5 dl / g, preferably 0.6 to 1.5 dl / g.
• the intrinsic viscosity is measured as described above.
• the hybrid yarns used according to the invention usually have yarn titer of 2000 to 150 dtex, preferably 1100 to 150 dtex.
• the individual fiber titer of the reinforcing fibers and the matrix fibers usually ranges from 2 to 10 dtex, preferably 2 to 6 dtex.
• the cross sections of the reinforcing fibers and the matrix fibers can be any; for example elliptical, bi- or multilobal, ribbon-shaped or preferably round.
• thermoplastic polymers are prepared by processes known per se by polycondensation of the corresponding bifunctional monomer components; usually dicarboxylic acids or dicarboxylic acid esters and the corresponding diol components are used.
• Such thermoplastic and optionally elastomeric polyesters are already known.
• the reinforcing fibers used in the textile fabrics according to the invention are also known per se.
• the mechanical properties of the hybrid yarns used according to the invention can be varied within wide limits depending on the composition, such as the type and proportion of the reinforcing fibers or the matrix fibers, depending on the physical structure of the yarn, such as the degree of intermingling.
• the proportion of the matrix fibers is usually 10 to 50% by weight, based on the weight of the hybrid yarn.
• the textile fabrics according to the invention can be processed in a simple manner by using elevated temperatures, if appropriate using pressure, to give fiber-reinforced composite materials with very good embedding of the reinforcing fibers in the matrix, which are distinguished by high energy absorption and high strength. It can also be used to produce flat structures with selectively adjustable gas and / or liquid permeability.
• the textile fabrics according to the invention can be further processed either continuously or batchwise.
• An example of a continuous mode of operation is the pressing of the textile fabrics according to the invention after their production, optionally together with additional webs of textile fabrics containing carrier and / or binding fibers or containing other web material, such as films made of thermoplastic polymers.
• the pressing is preferably carried out by calendering or by using a double belt press.
• An example of a discontinuous method of operation is the pressing of the textile fabrics according to the invention after they have been assembled, optionally together with additional assembled textile fabrics containing carrier and / or binding fibers or derived from another sheet material, such as from the above-mentioned films made of thermoplastic polymers.
• the pressing is preferably carried out in a deck press.
• the processing temperature in step d) is to be chosen so that the matrix or binding component melts and that this component has a melt viscosity of less than or equal to 1000 Pa * sec.
• Typical compression pressures are up to 50 N / mm 2 .
• the matrix component in the composite materials produced according to the invention can only make up a small proportion, for example 3% by weight, based on the weight of the composite material; however, the matrix component can also make up a high proportion, for example more than 70% by weight, based on the weight of the composite material, preferably 3 to 50% by weight.
• the composite materials produced according to the invention can be used in a large number of fields of application, for example as protective clothing, such as rain clothing, chemical protective clothing or diving clothing; as tent fabrics or tent floors; as linings for containers, such as silo, pool or container linings; as bags; as materials for making shoes; as maritime textiles, such as textiles for the manufacture of inflatable boats, life jackets or life rafts; as a textile building material; as a carrier material, such as a material for producing light conveyor belts; as geotextiles; for use in hydraulic engineering, such as rain catch tanks or landfill covers; as sails or tarpaulin or for the production of airbags.
• protective clothing such as rain clothing, chemical protective clothing or diving clothing
• tent fabrics or tent floors as linings for containers, such as silo, pool or container linings
• bags as materials for making shoes
• maritime textiles such as textiles for the manufacture of inflatable boats, life jackets or life rafts
• as a textile building material as a carrier material, such as
• Another object of the present invention is the use of the textile fabrics according to the invention for the production of composite materials.
• a L1 / 1 plain weave fabric with 7.5 threads / cm in the warp and 7.5 threads / cm in the weft was produced on a Dornier rapier weaving machine.
• Warp and weft consisted of hybrid yarns with a yarn denier of 1790 dtex containing high-strength filaments made of polyethylene terephthalate as reinforcing component and filaments made of isophthalic acid-modified polyethylene terephthalate as matrix component; wherein the proportion of repeating isophthalic acid units in the copolyester was 33 mol%, based on the total amount of dicarboxylic acid components. The proportion of the matrix component in the hybrid yarn was 38% by weight.
• the fabric was washed at 30 ° C after manufacture.
• Laminates with 1 mm thickness (from 5 layers of the fabric), with 2 mm thickness (from 11 layers of the fabric) and with 4 mm thickness (from 22 layers of the fabric) were produced.
• the 1 mm thick laminate was used for tensile tests, the 2 mm thick laminate for bending tests and the 4 mm thick laminate for impact strength tests.
• the laminates were pressed in a heated press at a pressing temperature of 180 ° C. and a pressure of 12 N / mm 2 .

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Textile Engineering (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
• Woven Fabrics (AREA)

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Citations (5)

• 1995
  • 1995-10-11 DE DE19537703A patent/DE19537703A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 1996
  • 1996-10-02 EP EP96115794A patent/EP0768406A1/fr not_active Withdrawn

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