EP0767275B1 - Schallabsorber für einen schotterlosen Eisenbahnoberbau - Google Patents
Schallabsorber für einen schotterlosen Eisenbahnoberbau Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0767275B1 EP0767275B1 EP96116035A EP96116035A EP0767275B1 EP 0767275 B1 EP0767275 B1 EP 0767275B1 EP 96116035 A EP96116035 A EP 96116035A EP 96116035 A EP96116035 A EP 96116035A EP 0767275 B1 EP0767275 B1 EP 0767275B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- sound
- sound absorber
- openings
- layer
- molded body
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
- E01B1/00—Ballastway; Other means for supporting the sleepers or the track; Drainage of the ballastway
- E01B1/008—Drainage of track
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
- E01B1/00—Ballastway; Other means for supporting the sleepers or the track; Drainage of the ballastway
- E01B1/002—Ballastless track, e.g. concrete slab trackway, or with asphalt layers
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
- E01B19/00—Protection of permanent way against development of dust or against the effect of wind, sun, frost, or corrosion; Means to reduce development of noise
- E01B19/003—Means for reducing the development or propagation of noise
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
- E01B2/00—General structure of permanent way
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
- G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
- E01B2204/00—Characteristics of the track and its foundations
- E01B2204/09—Ballastless systems
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
- E01B2204/00—Characteristics of the track and its foundations
- E01B2204/11—Embedded tracks, using prefab elements or injecting or pouring a curable material
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a sound absorber for a ballastless railway superstructure consisting of between and arranged next to the rails on the support plate of the superstructure Moldings with sound absorbing properties.
- DE 37 36 943 C1 proposes on a reinforced concrete support plate next to and between the rails a sound absorbing material such as B. pile concrete.
- This material absorbs due to its large porosity the airborne sound and is also permeable to water, which is for the discharge of rain or surface water is an advantage. Indeed the pores of the aggregate concrete settle over time with dirt particles, so that effective track drainage is not given in the long run and the sound absorption is reduced becomes.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a further improved sound absorbers for solid roads are available put.
- this object is achieved by means of a sound absorber of the type mentioned in that the molded body from a waterproof concrete layer and a sound-absorbing layer of bonded material arranged above it Pile consist of a variety of openings is provided, the two layers or only the load-bearing concrete layer enforce essentially vertically, and the moldings are elastically supported on the support plate.
- the water-impermeable load-bearing concrete layer the required strength and the sound absorbing layer the desired noise reduction, the load-bearing concrete layer to derive the through rain or water seeping through the sound absorbing layer Surface water interspersed with a variety of openings is.
- the elastic support which is preferred Stripes or stains made of an elastic plastic or felt are provided for decoupling the molded body from the support plate in the low frequency range. This causes natural vibrations the molded body and the associated noise emission avoided.
- the distance between the moldings and the support plate can be increased by elevations, as is necessary with superimposed systems, whereby the elastic intermediate layer arranged under the elevation surfaces is.
- Another advantage of the through openings is in it too see that at least part of the surface water through this openings flow away directly, so not the way through the sound absorbing Layer takes through, and that the rinse when necessary Cleaning the molded body is facilitated.
- FIG. 2 shows a cross section through a solid roadway, which has a reinforced concrete slab 2, which on a hydraulic bound base layer 3 continuously reinforced and concreted becomes.
- the lower end of the ballastless superstructure forms a frost protection layer 4. All layers of the superstructure are laterally covered by a gravel fill 5.
- the rails 6 are via individual support points 7 on the reinforced concrete slab 2 attached.
- the reinforced concrete slab 2 is with shaped bodies according to the invention 1 covered, which via elastic plastic strips 8, e.g. Neoprene or rubber, with appropriate damping behavior these are stored.
- elastic plastic strips 8 e.g. Neoprene or rubber, with appropriate damping behavior these are stored.
- the plastic strips 8 are transverse to the rails arranged not to drain the water below the molded body 1 to hinder.
- the molded body 1 consist of a water-impermeable load-bearing concrete layer 9, which can also be reinforced, and one sound-absorbing layer 10.
- This layer 10 can, for example from aerated concrete, a mixture of aerated concrete and large-grain Rubber granules or other porous building materials exist.
- the Shaped body 1 are manufactured as finished parts.
- the sound absorbing Layer 10 executed somewhat stronger than the load-bearing concrete layer 9 is. It is important when dimensioning the layer thicknesses to ensure that the load-bearing concrete layer 9 to fulfill their Functions, namely for the necessary strength of the molded body 1 and when driving with motor vehicles for the load pickup worry, must have a certain minimum strength. With a molded body height The height of the load-bearing concrete layer should be approx. 23 cm 9, for example, be at least 10 cm.
- the moldings 1 are all completely identical, which means warehousing and laying are simplified.
- Each molded body 1 comprises several individual support points 7, their Length is adapted to the grid. Of course, shorter ones can Shaped body 1 can be used.
- the molded bodies 1 each have two assembly openings 11 in, with hooks etc. when laying or picking up can be intervened, making these activities easier become.
- the side surfaces of the molded bodies 1 are inclined outwards, so that the area next to the rails 6 to be kept free can be kept very small.
- the molded body 1 is offset so that it is not too wide Gap to the rails 6 and at the same time enough space for the Base plate of the individual bases 7 to have. This training ensures that all screws and clamps of the individual bases 7 can be viewed and replaced if necessary.
- the longitudinal gaps 12 and transverse gaps formed between them 13 which makes water drainage and also the possibility of cleaning is improved.
- it can in the longitudinal and Cross gaps 12 and 13 due to this widening downwards Slit shape for no blockages due to larger objects, like leaves etc. come.
- FIG. 1 In the embodiments shown in Figures 1, 2 and 3 have the molded body 1 a plurality of openings 14 with a circular Cross section on which the molded body 1 as through openings enforce completely. These are for the sake of simplicity Openings 14 in Fig. 1 only in one of the left molded body shown. From Fig. 3 it appears that these openings 14 as also the longitudinal and transverse gaps 12 and 13 diverge downwards, which also counteracts blockages of these openings 14 becomes. The taper of the openings 14 also facilitates the molding of the molded body 1 in the manufacture of what else also applies to the inclination of the side surfaces of the molded body 1.
- FIG. 4 is a further embodiment of an inventive Shaped body 1 shown.
- openings 14 with a conical cross section provided while the sound absorbing layer 10 is closed is.
- Rain or surface water seeps through the layer 10 and then flows between the openings 14 and the gap between from the bottom of the molded body 1 and the reinforced concrete plate 2.
- Fig. 5 shows an embodiment in which in the sound absorbing Layer 10 channels 15 are provided, which are in Install the molded body 1 transversely to the rails 6. These transverse channels 15 have a slope to the longitudinal gaps 12 or to the outside. Since the transverse channels 15 are quite short, flows when it rains, part of the water flows down the channels 14 as it does not has enough time to seep into the sound-absorbing layer 10.
- the molded body 1 is on in this embodiment two side edge strips 8 stored in plastic.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Railway Tracks (AREA)
- Soundproofing, Sound Blocking, And Sound Damping (AREA)
- Machines For Laying And Maintaining Railways (AREA)
- Devices Affording Protection Of Roads Or Walls For Sound Insulation (AREA)
- Road Paving Structures (AREA)
Description
- Fig. 1
- eine Draufsicht auf eine Gleistrasse mit verlegten erfindungsgemäßen Formkörpern,
- Fig. 2
- einen Schnitt II-II durch die in Fig. 1 dargestellte Draufsicht,
- Fig. 3
- einen Querschnitt durch einen Formkörper gemäß der Darstellung in der rechten Bildhälfte von Fig. 2 mit sich nach unten konisch erweiternden Durchgangsöffnungen,
- Fig. 4
- eine Darstellung analog Fig. 3 mit sich konisch nach unten erweiternden Öffnungen nur in der tragenden Betonschicht, und
- Fig. 5
- einen Querschnitt durch einen gegenüber den Formkörpern gemäß Fig. 1 verkürzten Formkörper parallel zu den Schienen.
Claims (5)
- Schallabsorber für einen schotterlosen Eisenbahnoberbau, bestehend aus zwischen und neben den Schienen auf der Tragplatte des Oberbaues angeordneten Formkörpern mit schallabsorbierenden Eigenschaften, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Formkörper (1) aus einer wasserundurchlässigen tragenden Betonschicht (9) und einer darüber angeordneten schallabsorbierenden Schicht (10) aus gebundenem, grobporigem Haufwerk bestehen, wobei eine Vielzahl von die Betonschicht (9) oder beide Schichten (9, 10) im wesentlichen vertikal durchsetzenden Öffnungen (14) vorgesehen und die Formkörper (1) elastisch auf der Tragplatte (2) aufgelagert sind.
- Schallabsorber nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die elastische Auflagerung aus zwischen den Formkörpern (1) und der Tragplatte (2) angeordneten Streifen (8) oder Flecken aus einem elastischen Kunststoff, insbesondere Neopren, oder aus Filz besteht.
- Schallabsorber nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Seitenflächen der Formkörper (1) nach außen geneigt sind, derart, daß die Unterseite der Formkörper (1) kleiner ist als deren Oberseite.
- Schallabsorber nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die schallabsorbierende Schicht (10) an ihrer Oberfläche Querrinnen (15) aufweist, und nur die tragende Betonschicht (9) mit Öffnungen (14) versehen ist.
- Schallabsorber nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Querrinnen (15) ein Gefälle aufweisen.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE29515935U | 1995-10-07 | ||
DE29515935U DE29515935U1 (de) | 1995-10-07 | 1995-10-07 | Schallabsorber für einen schotterlosen Eisenbahnoberbau |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0767275A1 EP0767275A1 (de) | 1997-04-09 |
EP0767275B1 true EP0767275B1 (de) | 2000-03-22 |
Family
ID=8013868
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP96116035A Expired - Lifetime EP0767275B1 (de) | 1995-10-07 | 1996-10-07 | Schallabsorber für einen schotterlosen Eisenbahnoberbau |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0767275B1 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE191028T1 (de) |
DE (2) | DE29515935U1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE29515935U1 (de) * | 1995-10-07 | 1995-11-30 | Deutsche Asphalt GmbH, 63263 Neu-Isenburg | Schallabsorber für einen schotterlosen Eisenbahnoberbau |
TW345603B (en) * | 1996-05-29 | 1998-11-21 | Gmundner Fertigteile Gmbh | A noise control device for tracks |
DE19625249C2 (de) * | 1996-06-17 | 1998-07-02 | Projektgemeinschaft Feste Fahr | Lagestabiler Gleiskörper aus Betonfertigteilen sowie Verwendung von Betonfertigteilen für diesen Gleiskörper |
DE19706708C2 (de) * | 1997-02-20 | 1999-05-20 | Contitech Holding Gmbh | Vorrichtung zur Schalldämpfung einer festen Fahrbahn |
DE29705321U1 (de) * | 1997-03-25 | 1997-05-22 | Frottier, Jean-Pierre, 65203 Wiesbaden | Schienengleis mit Schallschluckmaßnahmen |
AT407062B (de) * | 1998-12-17 | 2000-12-27 | Schmaranz Ing Rudolf | Lärmschutzeinrichtung für gleisanlagen |
DE10123660C1 (de) * | 2001-05-15 | 2002-12-19 | Pfleiderer Infrastrukturt Gmbh | Feste Fahrbahn mit elastisch aufgelagerten Schallabsorberelementen |
JP5770044B2 (ja) * | 2011-08-11 | 2015-08-26 | 鹿島建設株式会社 | 振動低減構造および振動低減構造の構築方法、振動低減構造の撤去方法 |
AT526294A1 (de) * | 2022-07-05 | 2024-01-15 | Kirchdorfer Fertigteilholding Gmbh | Gleisabdeckplatte |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE8518789U1 (de) * | 1985-06-28 | 1985-09-05 | Schulte & Hennes Gmbh Betonwerke & Co, 5779 Eslohe | Lärmschutzplatte aus Beton |
AT382178B (de) * | 1985-10-02 | 1987-01-26 | Getzner Chemie Gmbh & Co | Gleiskoerper |
DE3736943C1 (de) | 1987-10-31 | 1988-12-08 | Dyckerhoff & Widmann Ag | Eisenbahnoberbau,insbesondere fuer sehr hohe Fahrgeschwindigkeiten |
DE3827547C2 (de) * | 1988-08-13 | 2000-09-21 | Zueblin Ag | Schallabsorptionskonstruktion für schotterlose Eisenbahnoberbauten |
AT395738B (de) * | 1989-06-19 | 1993-02-25 | Porr Allg Bauges | Oberbau mit schienen und verfahren zur herstellung desselben |
DE9005163U1 (de) * | 1990-05-07 | 1990-07-12 | Reiff-Beton-Rohr GmbH & Co KG, 5473 Kruft | Lärmschutzwand |
DE4104731A1 (de) * | 1991-02-15 | 1992-08-20 | Kraiburg Gummi | Verbundkoerper aus vulkanisiertem altgummimaterial |
DE4240874A1 (de) * | 1992-12-04 | 1994-06-09 | Schuell Ulrike Dipl Ing | Bauelement zur Verwendung im Tiefbau |
DE29515935U1 (de) * | 1995-10-07 | 1995-11-30 | Deutsche Asphalt GmbH, 63263 Neu-Isenburg | Schallabsorber für einen schotterlosen Eisenbahnoberbau |
-
1995
- 1995-10-07 DE DE29515935U patent/DE29515935U1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1996
- 1996-10-07 AT AT96116035T patent/ATE191028T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-10-07 EP EP96116035A patent/EP0767275B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-10-07 DE DE59604746T patent/DE59604746D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0767275A1 (de) | 1997-04-09 |
ATE191028T1 (de) | 2000-04-15 |
DE29515935U1 (de) | 1995-11-30 |
DE59604746D1 (de) | 2000-04-27 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
DE3736943C1 (de) | Eisenbahnoberbau,insbesondere fuer sehr hohe Fahrgeschwindigkeiten | |
EP0510497B1 (de) | Schotterlose Oberbaukonstruktion für Schienenbahnen | |
EP0767275B1 (de) | Schallabsorber für einen schotterlosen Eisenbahnoberbau | |
DE9417008U1 (de) | Schallreduktionselement für feste Fahrbahn | |
DE19919255B4 (de) | Tunnelfahrweg | |
DE102007037339B4 (de) | Gabionenwand mit lärmdämmender, monolithischer Schicht aus Beton | |
DE19620731A1 (de) | Feste Fahrbahn für schienengebundene Fahrzeuge auf Brücken und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung | |
DE19706708C2 (de) | Vorrichtung zur Schalldämpfung einer festen Fahrbahn | |
EP1721045B1 (de) | Störschall mindernde gleiseindeckung | |
DE3810700A1 (de) | Verfahren zur herstellung eines oberbaus fuer schienenbahnen | |
DE19643533C2 (de) | Begehbare und/oder befahrbare Abdeckung für Gleise mit Schallschutzelementen | |
DE8711225U1 (de) | Elastischer Bodenbelag | |
DE3833720A1 (de) | Verfahren zur herstellung eines oberbaus fuer schienenbahnen | |
EP1331310B1 (de) | Einrichtung zur elastischen Lagerung einer Rillenschiene | |
DE4036232A1 (de) | Gleisabdeckung | |
DE29705321U1 (de) | Schienengleis mit Schallschluckmaßnahmen | |
AT512523B1 (de) | Fundamentlose Lärmschutzvorrichtung | |
EP0814197B1 (de) | Lagestabiles Gleis aus Betonfertigteilen | |
DE19723587C2 (de) | Feste Fahrbahn für den schienengebundenen Verkehr, die von einem in Beton- oder Betonverbund-Bauweise herstellten Kunstbauwerk getragen wird | |
DE19536010A1 (de) | Vorrichtung zur Schalldämmung bei einer festen Fahrbahn für schienengebundenen Verkehr | |
DE69916641T2 (de) | Verbesserungen an oder in bezug auf bahnanlagen für schienenfahrzeuge | |
DE29706920U1 (de) | Begrünbare Feste Fahrbahn | |
DE9420124U1 (de) | Gleisstraße, insbesondere mit Rasen und mit Querschwellen | |
DE10033000A1 (de) | Schallgedämmter schotterloser Gleisoberbau für Schienenfahrzeuge sowie Schallabsorptionselement | |
DE20312044U1 (de) | Pflastersteine mit Profil |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT BE DE FR LU NL |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19970430 |
|
GRAG | Despatch of communication of intention to grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA |
|
GRAG | Despatch of communication of intention to grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA |
|
GRAH | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA |
|
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 19990805 |
|
GRAH | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA |
|
GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): AT BE DE FR LU NL |
|
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 191028 Country of ref document: AT Date of ref document: 20000415 Kind code of ref document: T |
|
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 59604746 Country of ref document: DE Date of ref document: 20000427 |
|
ET | Fr: translation filed | ||
PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
26N | No opposition filed | ||
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Payment date: 20010913 Year of fee payment: 6 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: BE Payment date: 20011023 Year of fee payment: 6 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: AT Payment date: 20011025 Year of fee payment: 6 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Payment date: 20011030 Year of fee payment: 6 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NL Payment date: 20011031 Year of fee payment: 6 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: AT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20021007 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: BE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20021031 |
|
BERE | Be: lapsed |
Owner name: DEUTSCHE *ASPHALT G.M.B.H. Effective date: 20021031 Owner name: PHILIPP *HOLZMANN A.G. Effective date: 20021031 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NL Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20030501 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20030630 |
|
NLV4 | Nl: lapsed or anulled due to non-payment of the annual fee |
Effective date: 20030501 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: ST |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LU Payment date: 20041028 Year of fee payment: 9 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LU Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20051031 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20051224 |