EP0764745A1 - Assembly-device for vertical, equal, consecutive and U-shaped formwork panels used as light, permanent shuttering - Google Patents

Abstract

The assembly component consists of a vertical U-shaped member with sliders (a) on the outer surfaces of its arms which lie perpendicular to the plane of the U and engage with shuttering panels which can be made from any suitable construction materials, either insulating or not. The inward-facing surfaces of the shuttering panels have vertical channels to receive the sliders (a), so that the U-shaped members ensure an even gap between the panels which can be filled with concrete to make a continuously-cast wall. The panels are rectangular in shape and of an appropriate thickness, and their upper and lower edges are joined together by horizontal connecting pieces to create a shuttering assembly of the required size.

Description

We have known for a few years a number of constructive systems using lost formwork; all these devices are generally intended for insulating masonry applications.

The general principle is as follows: two vertical forms are kept apart by a system of tie rods, which is subsequently embedded in the filling material constituting the wall; the two forms when they are each made of insulating materials allow to realize the internal and external insulation of the wall; of course, depending on the case, the two forms may not be insulating if the need for insulation does not exist, or even only one of the two internal or external forms may be insulating depending on whether the insulation is necessary respectively for the indoors or outdoors.

Other devices exist: in some, the forms are made of kinds of large hollow bricks whose side walls are insulating or not, or even insulating on one side and non-insulating on the other; in fact, the bricks are fitted vertically into each other, and the wall material is poured into the hollow parts of the bricks.

Today, construction has clearly opted for the concept of vertical forms kept parallel by tie rods of very small section, allowing the realization of a continuous casting in order to obtain a monolithic wall.

A certain number of known and exploited patents in the building industry have implemented devices tending towards the result which the invention proposes to obtain.

The patents which we are going to cite below are very distant from the subject of the invention although generally intended for the production of so-called lost formwork.

This is mainly GB patent No. 1589113 (ASTL) which protects form spacers in I-section profiles, these spacers not intended to keep the formwork parallel in order to pour concrete between them, but to keep them parallel in order to pass between them the water, electricity and various cables useful for construction. The configuration of the assemblies proposed by the ASTL patent would not allow the pouring of the concrete continuously, because of the impossibility of total filling which results from the mounting of the spacers on the formwork; it should be noted that the ASTL patent relates more precisely to wooden structure constructions.

US Patent No. 3562991 (KUSTUSCH) claims in fact a formwork device whose main purpose is to vertically trap tubes or squares of large section likely to authorize the passage of all conduits.

The inventor has not proposed specific means to facilitate the continuous pouring of a wall between two walls held together by lost formwork elements.

This is not the case with the French PATURLE patent in which the inventors OTT and JALABERT use formwork elements lost inside a rather complex device, the aim of which is to keep two insulating panels, or not, vertically parallel, in order to to continuously flow between them a specific wall construction material, but having several drawbacks, some of them major.

The first is that too often, the installation of the frames is very complicated due to the discomfort caused by the spacer flap, necessarily to be locked manually before the establishment of these frames.

This is particularly disturbing for the construction of the front rows, and also causes a considerable loss of time.

The second is that the use of common concrete (the most frequent) in the device according to PATURLE, favors the swelling of the formwork, and very often its bursting.

The third is that in the PATURLE system, for the production of walls of different thicknesses, each of the parts constituting the spacers (including the angle brackets) require a specific dimension, which makes it necessary to manufacture expensive sets of complete molds. injection - insofar as the PATURLE system (like that of the invention) implements molded plastic elements -.

The following description of the means used by the invention will clearly demonstrate its fundamental differences from the PATURLE patent.

The invention provides a device for assembling formwork (2) fig. 2 used in lost formwork and imagined mainly as a function of its capacity to allow continuous filling, as easy as it is complete, of the space between the forms, these being composed, in the widest application of the invention, high density expanded polystyrene insulating building materials or other special hard foams, or non-insulating materials.

These forms are thick rectangular panels, preferably flat stackable on edge.

This device consists essentially of vertical U's (1) fig.1 equal, arranged consecutively to each other at regular spaces, and whose slides (a) fig.1 wings, perpendicular to the planes of the U, trapped in opposite grooves against undercut (3) fig.2 provided vertically in the thickness of the forms on their internal faces, are clipped symmetrically on horizontal honeycomb inserts (6) fig.3 integrated at mid-thickness in the edge upper horizontal (4) fig.2 of the underlying panel, and in the same action in the lower horizontal edge (5) fig.2 of the overlying panel thanks to the arrangement on each penetrated edge, of grooves (7) Fig. 2, female imprints of the penetrating section of the insert, so that the insert (6) once put in place, is completely trapped between the edges (4) and (5) kept contiguous and secured.

The slides (a) of the wings of the same U (1) penetrate vertically after sliding in the above-mentioned undercut grooves (3) of the forms, so that these are kept in constant spacing and materialize between them a volume to be filled for the purpose of building a monolithic wall by continuous casting.

The consecutive horizontal alveoal inserts (6) connecting between two forms are standards of the same length, which can be cut if necessary, and which consist in their most practical configuration, of two long vertical flats (8) fig .3 of length (L) kept parallel to each other by short vertical flats also (9) fig. 3 of length (l) and equal to each other, arranged at regular intervals along and between the long flats, so that the volume of an insert (6) is inscribed in a parallelepiped having for length the length (L) of a long flat (8), for width the length (l) of a short flat (9) and for height the width (H) of a long flat (or a short flat) (8) or (9), although it is not preponderant that the long flat and the short flat have the same height (H) to play the technical role assigned to them.

So that the hooking of the slides (a) of the wings of the U (1) acting as rails can be carried out easily in the horizontal inserts (6), these are provided laterally on their internal face with parallelepipedal vertical housings (17) and (17 ') fig. 3 centered in symmetry and at the end of each of the short flats (9) of the insert (6), defining the cells of the latter perpendicular to the long flats (8), so that after imprisonment of the insert between the forms, these housings remain outside the forms on the internal faces of the latter (2) fig.2.

The symmetrical housings (17) and (17 ') consist of two preferably identical compartments (11) and (12) fig. 3 for (17) and (11') and (12 ') fig. 3 for (17 '); the housings (17) and (17 ') are located one (17) at the upper edge and the other (17') at the lower edge of the internal lateral face of the insert (6) so that the height (h) of each housing preferably corresponds to one third of the total height (H) of the lateral face of the insert.

The two symmetrical compartments (11) and (11 ') (respective housings (17) and (17')) situated against the wall of the insert (6) are intended, for the compartment (11 ') to be received by clipping the upper part of the slide (a) of the wing of a U (1) previously incorporated by vertical sliding in the undercut groove (3) fig. 2 of the underlying panel, and for the compartment (11) to receive by clipping the lower part of the slide (a) of the wing of a U previously incorporated by sliding in the undercut groove (in alignment of the first) of the overhanging branch.

Both are clipped by means of a set of two vertical spring hooks (10) fig.1 arranged back to back vertically at each end of the slide (a) of the wing of a U ; these hooks are designed to resemble each other elastically by manual pressure exerted to make them penetrate the vertical compartments (11) and (11 '), and at the end of the stroke, relax horizontally to return to the position initial and clip symmetrically on the edges (16) fig.4 opposite compartments. These two spring hooks (10) and the compartments (11) and (11 ') in which they are then incorporated constitute a stable integral assembly, insofar as the thickness of the hooks corresponds by slight defect to the width of the compartments ( 11) and (11 ').

Thus, the U (1) in a vertical position, located in a perpendicular plane between the two forms in which they are incorporated in symmetrical undercut grooves (3), are secured to these forms thanks to the compartments (11) and ( 11 ') of the internal face of these, along the inserts (6) consecutive arranged horizontally and embedded at mid-height in the edges in contact with these two consecutive vertical forms.

In order to obtain an effective bracing of the already clipped assembly which has just been described, provision has been made, secured to the upper part of a U-shaped wing and in theoretical symmetry of the slide part (a) of this wing. of U relative to the plane of the two spring hooks (10) a flat parallelepiped (13) fig. 1, whose useful height, here equivalent to three times the height (h) of a compartment, to correspond in fact to the total height (H) of the insert, allows its introduction in a row in the two external symmetrical compartments ( 12) and (12 ') superimposed and preferably identical to the compartments (11) and (11') as has been said. The setting obtained in this way contemporaneously with the clipping makes it possible to obtain the best possible robustness of the aforementioned clipped assembly, according to FIG. 4.

Thus, the wings of U (1) fixed in the undercut grooves (3) of the forms and clipped into the vertical lateral housings (17) and (17 ') of the inserts (6) locking two successive forms by their horizontal edges (4) and (5) in contact, make it possible to obtain a solid assembly, in order to flow continuously between the forms any originally fluid material (or practically), specifically intended for the construction of a wall, knowing that only will be embedded in the casting, as lost formwork elements, the volumes corresponding to the bases (14) fig. 1 of the U and to the portions of the wings of U external to the formwork, which represents a paltry volume of embedded elements relative to the volume of the material to be poured, all the more since the thickness of the profiles of the U can be reduced to a very small dimension given the very high rigidity allowed by the compactness of the assembly in the concept of the invention.

Furthermore, the bracing can be improved by nesting the ends (19) and (19 ') fig. 1 of the vertical parts of the wings of U, perpendicular to the forms and remaining outside these forms, (these ends (19) and (19 ') can moreover be arranged in reduction of section (r)), in cavities (20) and (20 ') fig. 1 of the same volume by slight excess as these ends and provided symmetrically perpendicular to these in the thickness of the edge of the base (14) of the U.

The assembly of the ends (19) and (19 ') in the cavities (20) and (20') takes place simultaneously with the clipping of the hooks (10) as well as with the threading of the bar (13), and thus takes place in a plane perpendicular to them, which makes it possible to obtain effective bracing.

To further strengthen if necessary the rigidity of a vertical plane of consecutive U once clipped into the corresponding compartments of the inserts, it has been fitted in the center of the bases (14) of the U of the hollow central compartments (15) fig .1 preferentially parallelepipedic intended to receive vertically in a row preferentially flat irons (18) fig.4 of connection.

In this way, the formwork, before pouring, in addition to the fact that its internal elements represent a negligible volume between the forms, constitutes a set of undeniable rigidity and robustness by the fact that its structure as much longitudinal (along the inserts) that vertical (in the plane of the U) has all the attributes necessary for a perfect connection and overall compactness, while avoiding all of the drawbacks listed in the analysis of the PATURLE patent, presenting a technique from which we now deduce that it is very distant and much less efficient than that proposed by the invention.

Finally, the entire device presented in the invention allows very high forms (practically up to the height of a storey), provided that the U and the inserts used are of sufficient robustness, which is technically feasible insofar as it is as much for the U as for the inserts, parts generally injected from originally hard materials, the rigidity resulting therefrom being able to be further optimized by the conformation of said parts as well as by various appropriate ribs.

The objective of better resistance of materials could also make it relevant that the portion base (14) of U (between the cavities (20) and (20 ') themselves functionally irremovable), including the hollow compartment (15), can be raised, still horizontally, to a necessary level (the U becoming somehow an H) remaining perfectly in the entirety of the means of the invention.

Thus, the device could very well use U in the base of construction (at the level of the floors) for a better seat, then H vertically nested in the U.

Within the framework of the invention, it will regularly remain to solve the problem of formwork at the angles of walls; for this, we will use an indexable angulator (21) consisting, as shown in Figures 5 and 6, of two preferably equal plates (x) and (y) secured in vertical hinge (v), each of the plates vertically integrating at its end an element (z) identical in all points to the wing portion of U comprising the slide (a), the two clipping systems each consisting of two vertical spring hooks (10) arranged back to back vertically at each end of the slide (a) and the bar (13) in the form of a flat parallelepiped secured to the upper part of the wing.

In FIGS. 5 and 6, the reference signs (a), (10) and (13) have been used on purpose in correspondence with those of a wing of a U (fig. 1).

Thus, the angulator can then be indexed to materialize, by the adequate opening of the hinge (v), the desired internal angle at the vertical junction of two formwork after the two elements (z) of the angulator have been placed in the undercut grooves and the inserts of each of the two forms, one of the forms and its integrated insert having been previously sawn vertically at a cutting angle equivalent to the angle which is to be obtained at the junction of said formwork.

The angulation of a wall implies the internal angulation of the two external formwork of the wall and the equivalent internal angulation of the two internal formwork of the wall, constituting the lost formwork of said wall.

Claims (7)

Formwork assembly device used in lost formwork consisting of consecutive equal vertical U's, characterized in that each of the two opposite and equal wings of the same U (1) comprise slides (a) perpendicular to the plane of the U and intended to position each U perpendicularly in connection between two formwork (2) preferably flat and parallel, made of all construction materials, insulating or not, these two formwork each comprising respectively on their internal face of the vertical grooves with undercut (3) opposite symmetrically to each receive by vertical displacement a slide (a) of the same U, so as to materialize between the forms kept in constant spacing by the U a volume to be filled for the purpose of building a monolithic wall in continuous casting , forms also consisting of thick rectangular panels preferably flat stackable on edge, the upper edge (4) of the underlying panel being connected with the lower edge (5) of an overlying panel by means of a horizontal cellular connecting insert (6) with parallel and equal vertical faces disposed horizontally between the two aforementioned edges and penetrating vertically into each of them preferably at a depth corresponding to half the height (H) of the insert thanks to the arrangement on each edge penetrated by grooves (7), constituting the female imprint of the penetrating section of the insert, so that the edges of the two forms are in contact after the insert has been trapped between them. Device for assembling formwork used in lost formwork consisting of consecutive equal vertical U according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the horizontal alveolar connecting inserts (6) all originally of the same dimension, but divisible in length as required, are preferably formed of two long vertical flats (8) of length (L) kept equidistant by short flats (9) of length (l) and equal to each other and of the same height (H) arranged vertically and at regular intervals between the long flats , so that the volume of an insert obtained is inscribed inside a parallelepiped whose length is that (L) of the long flat, the width that of the length (l) of the short flat and the height that the width (H) of either flat. Device for assembling formwork used in lost formwork consisting of consecutive equal vertical U according to the first claim, characterized in that the slides (a) of the opposite vertical wings of the same U (1), each having above and below, in symmetry, two identical clipping systems each consisting of two vertical spring hooks (10) arranged back to back, intended to penetrate together by light pressure bringing them together in the vertical compartments (11) and (11 ′) of parallelepiped shape arranged in pairs each respectively at the lower and upper edges of the internal lateral face of an insert, centered in symmetry at the end of each short flat (9) of the 'insert, the height (h) of each compartment (11) and (11') corresponding to approximately one third of the height (H) of a flat (8) or (9), so as to lock a wing of U from the top and from the bottom between two inserts which are parallel to each other, perpendicular to the plane of the U on the same section, when the hooks are released on the edges (16) of the compartments, at the end of penetration into these compartments. Device for assembling formwork used in lost formwork consisting of consecutive equal vertical U according to the preceding claim, characterized in that each wing of U (1) in its upper part is set back from the plane passing through the two clip hooks ( 10) a bar (13) in the form of a flat parallelepiped whose height is equal to the height (H) of a flat (long (8) or short (9)), this parallelepiped being intended to be housed in wedging after penetration consecutive in two parallelepipedic compartments identical to each other (12) and (12 ') built in excess thickness of the first vertical compartments (11) and (11') and preferably also identical to these first compartments, like them face to face and in a row, so as to obtain the most rigid assembly possible, the clipping by the hooks (10) in the compartments (11) and (11 ') and the mounting of the bar (13) in the compartments (12) and (1 2 ') taking place in the same vertical force. Device for assembling formwork used in lost formwork consisting of consecutive equal vertical U according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the ends (19) and (19 ') of the vertical parts of the opposite wings of the same U, perpendicular to the formwork and remaining outside thereof once the U in place by the slides, can be arranged in reduction of section (r), so that they can penetrate by the same vertical force which simultaneously places the hooks (10) and the bar (13), respectively in cavities (20) and (20 ') of the same volume by slight excess as these sections, drilled on either side symmetrically in the thickness of the edge of the base ( 14) of the U, plumb with the ends (19) and (19 '), so as to bring the assembly a total rigidity insofar as the latter assembly obtained at the same time as the previous two is located in a plane perpendicular to eu x, which organizes the bracing. Device for assembling formwork used in lost formwork consisting of consecutive equal vertical U according to the first claim in particular, characterized in that the horizontal base (14) of the U is pierced vertically in its central part with an opening (15) preferably flat parallelepiped intended to receive vertically preferably a flat iron (18) of rectangular section to connect superimposed U and clipped into the inserts perpendicular to the formwork so as to ensure the verticality of the formwork superimposed between them and of the wall cast between these formwork , as well as stiffening the U plane even more. Device for assembling formwork used in lost formwork consisting of consecutive equal vertical U according to claims 1, 2, 3 and 4, characterized in that the formwork at the wall angles uses an indexable angulator (21) consisting of two preferentially equal plates (x) and (y) secured in a vertical hinge (v), each of the plates vertically integrating at its end an element (z) identical in all points to the wing portion of U comprising the slide (a), clipping systems consisting of two vertical spring hooks (10) and the bar (13), so that the angulator can materialize the internal angle of two vertical formwork after positioning (a), (10) and ( 13) respectively in the undercut grooves of the formwork for (a) and the vertical parallelepipedic housings (17) and (17 ') of the inserts for (10) and (13).

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