WO1999046096A1

WO1999046096A1 - Mould produced by at least two inflatable structures

Info

Publication number: WO1999046096A1
Application number: PCT/FR1999/000530
Authority: WO
Inventors: Stéphane DEVRIENDT
Original assignee: Inteiss
Priority date: 1998-03-10
Filing date: 1999-03-10
Publication date: 1999-09-16
Also published as: FR2775924B1; EP1062079A1; FR2775924A1; AU2732799A

Abstract

The invention concerns a mould comprising at least two inflatable structures (2, 3) linked to each other by means maintaining in position and shape their moulding surfaces (21, 13, T) so as to define between them an inflated volume wherein the moulding material can be introduced, the demoulding being carried out, after the material has set, by deflating the structure. The invention is applicable in the building industry and public works.

Description

MOLD PRODUCED USING AT LEAST TWO INFLATABLE STRUCTURES.

The present invention relates to a mold produced using at least two inflatable structures.

It applies in particular, but not exclusively, to the molding of structural elements, for example concrete, usable in particular in building and public works.

It is based on the observation that, at present, inflatable structures can reach large dimensions and have a multiplicity of shapes. These structures, the walls of which are stretched under the effect of the internal air pressure, have good rigidity.

It is clear that the advantage of these structures is that they are relatively light and that in the deflated state, they can be folded up so as to occupy only a very small volume, relatively to their volume at swollen state. Thus, even when they have large dimensions, they are easily transportable, manipulable and easy to implement. The invention therefore provides a mold comprising at least one inflatable structure using a gas and / or a fluid which delimits, in the inflated state, a molding volume into which the molding material can be introduced. , the mold is removed from the object after the material has set, by deflating the structure.

It turns out that in addition to the expected advantages mentioned above, this solution makes it possible to solve in an extremely simple way the problems of demolding of the "non-moldable" shapes such as, for example, the undercut shapes, the cavities or growths: In the deflated state, the molding face regains its flexibility and can therefore be easily removed.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the mold comprises two inflatable structures connected to each other by connecting means such as, for example, tie rods.

Advantageously, the mold may result from the assembly of several modular elements each comprising two molding structures having two vertical molding surfaces, at least partially flat, parallel to one another and which delimit a molding volume. substantially parallelepiped. These two molding structures can be connected to each other either by flexible or rigid detachable tie rods, connecting the lateral edges of the structure, or by lost tie rods extending between the two molding faces, or by convex shapes of the molding face of one of the structures coming into contact with the molding face of the other structure to form openings or notches in the molded object.

Furthermore, the lateral edges of the molding faces may be connected to the lateral edges of the molding faces of adjacent inflatable structures, of so as to ensure both a disconnectable mechanical connection and a form continuity at the junction between the molding faces.

As previously mentioned, the invention applies very particularly to the construction of buildings and / or architectural works such as, for example, individual houses.

To this end, it offers a molding device comprising a plurality of inflatable formwork modules, namely:

a tabular external formwork module whose molding face, which consists of the interior wall of the module, has substantially the same dimensions as the exterior faces of the building that it is desired to produce, and

- A plurality of interior formwork modules intended to be arranged inside the exterior formwork module to delimit volumes corresponding to the different parts of the building, these formwork modules comprising external molding faces intended to be placed opposite and at a predetermined distance from corresponding molding faces of the external formwork module and / or from formwork faces of other external modules so as to delimit molding spaces in which a molding material such as cement, concrete, plaster, etc., can be poured to make the walls and partitions of the building.

Of course, the facing parts of the formwork modules can be connected together by means of tie rods or spacers, as in the examples described above.

Likewise, the openings made in the walls and partitions, for example for doors and windows, can be obtained using inserts or reservations, for example inflatable, whose peripheral faces can be profiled so as to obtain the appropriate rebates.

According to another characteristic of the invention, the external formwork module can be doubled by an inflatable inner lining, not very thick, having two opposite formwork faces, namely:

an exterior formwork face intended to delimit with the formwork face of the outdoor module a formwork volume intended to produce a first wall of the exterior wall of the building, and

- an interior formwork face which defines with formwork faces of the interior modules a formwork volume intended to produce a second wall of the exterior wall of the building.

An external wall is thus obtained formed by two parallel walls separated by an insulation void which can then be filled with a thermally insulating filling material.

Of course, the inflatable inner lining may have notches to allow connection of the two walls of the wall.

Embodiments of the invention will be described below, by way of nonlimiting examples, with reference to the appended drawings in which:

Figure 1 is a schematic perspective view of a mold made of a single inflatable structure for the production of cylindrical objects;

Figure 2 is a schematic perspective view of a modular element using two inflatable structures; FIG. 3 schematically represents, in perspective, a mold allowing the production of a parallelepipedal cell which can for example consist of the walls of a living room:

Figure 4 is a schematic cross section illustrating the assembly of two adjacent inflatable structures of a mold;

Figure 5 is a vertical cross section of a modular element for obtaining a wall provided with an orifice such as a window;

Figure 6 is a cross section of a mold for making a chimney;

Figure 7 is a schematic plan of a single house that one wishes to build using modular formwork elements;

Figure 8 is a schematic representation in horizontal section of the modular elements used to make the detached house shown in Figure 7;

Figure 9 shows the arrangement that the modular elements must have in order to achieve the house shown in Figure 7;

Figure 10 shows a variant of the arrangement according to Figure 9, with insertion of a lining of the external formwork module;

Figure 11 shows another variant using modular elements of rounded shape. As shown in Figure 1, the mold M has, in the inflated state, a cylindrical tubular shape whose inner cylindrical surface Si constitutes a molding surface defining a cylindrical molding volume V to the dimensions of the object. The object can be removed from the mold here by simple deflation of the structure: This deflation generates an increase in the diameter of the molding face Si and a softening of the entire structure.

In the event that this demoulding is difficult or even impossible, the mold may have a longitudinal axial slot F extending from the outer surface S ₂ to the inner surface Si of the mold M, this slot F allowing the opening of the mold M over its entire length. The closure of the mold M can be obtained by means of a zipper E provided at the level of the molding face Si and a closure with eyelets O and lace L provided at the level of the outer face S ₂ .

In the example of FIG. 2, the modular mold element 1 comprises two inflatable structures 2, 3 which, in the inflated state, each have a parallelepiped shape having a vertical flat molding face 4, 5, a rear face 6, 7, two vertical side faces 8, 9 and two horizontal side faces 10, 11.

These two structures are arranged side by side so that the molding walls 4, 5 extend parallel to one another and delimit between them a volume of parallelepiped molding.

The two structures 2, 3 are held in position relative to each other, by means of connecting elements such as tie rods 12, 13 and / or various spacers connecting the horizontal lateral faces together respectively upper 11 and lower 10. Furthermore, the two structures 2, 3 comprise a plurality of transverse sheaths G connecting the molding face 4, 5 to the rear face 6, 7. Through these transverse sheaths G pass tie rods T which pass through the molding volume to ensure a connection between the rear faces 6, 7 of the two structures 2, 3. These tie rods can be flexible or rigid. They can for example consist of cords or nylon or similar threads.

The assembly of two modular elements Ei, E _{2 is} carried out by juxtaposing the vertical transverse faces 8, 9 situated on the same side of the two structures of one of the elements Ei with the corresponding transverse faces of the two structures of the other element E ₂ .

The attachment of the adjacent inflatable structures can be carried out as shown in FIG. 4, by means of a FE zipper disposed along the vertical edge of the molding face 5 and by means of any fixing means. FQ at the edge of the rear face 6 located opposite the FE zipper.

Advantageously, the slide fastener FE is housed in a rectangular concavity CR provided in the two adjacent structures, this concavity being closed by a tongue L extending the molding face 5 of the structure of the element E ₂ .

In this example, there is shown schematically in each of the structures tubular stiffening elements ER of cylindrical shape.

As previously mentioned, the invention makes it possible to produce large cellular elements, such as, for example, the walls of a living room, as indicated in FIG. 3. For this purpose, it is possible to use a central inflatable structure SC having the dimensions of the part and one or more peripheral inflatable structures SP similar to those shown in FIGS. 1 and 4, assembled together and arranged around the central structure SC at a distance corresponding to the thickness of the walls. Here too, the structures SP can be connected to the central structure SC by means of tie rods such as those illustrated in FIG. 2.

In the example shown in FIG. 5, the molding face 20 of one of the structures 21 has a parallelepiped protuberance 22 (here an inflatable box) of width substantially equal to the distance separating the two molding faces 20, 23 elsewhere.

The vertical face of the protrusion 22 is then applied to the molding face 23 by means of tie rods T passing through sheaths G which pass through the structures 21, 24 as shown in FIG. 2.

The distance between the molding faces is kept constant by means of spacers ESi, ES ₂ or section spacers, for example H-shaped, either solid, or crossed by an axial channel CA through which a tie rod passes. TR can for example consist of a cord or the like, which passes through the two structures in order to be fixed on support plates PA bearing on the external faces of said structures.

Of course, the invention is not limited to the production of structural elements used in building or public works.

It can indeed be applied to the molding of the most diverse objects. Thus, it could, for example, apply to the production of a table or a fireplace as shown in FIG. 6.

In this example, the mold is produced by means of two inflatable structures Si, S ₂ each having a U-shaped section, these two structures Si, S ₂ fitting into each other to delimit a molding cavity CM also U-shaped which corresponds to the shape of the chimney (two vertical uprights and a horizontal shelf).

The assembly of the two structures is obtained using FE zippers or the like located at the junction of the two structures Si, S ₂ .

If necessary, the structures described above can be kept rigidified or even anchored using a rigid frame that can act as props and / or means of fixing to the ground or even using stiffeners, for example metal.

In the example shown in FIG. 7, the individual house that we want to produce has a rectangular shape and includes two longitudinal exterior walls 20, 21 and two transverse exterior walls 22, 23.

The parallelepiped volume delimited by these walls 20 to 23 is divided into five rooms Pi to P ₅ and a corridor CO by a set of partitions CLi to CL ₅ comprising:

- two longitudinal central partitions CL], CL ₂ delimiting between them the corridor CO and which extend from the transverse external wall 23 over approximately two thirds of the length of the house,

- two transverse partitions CL ₃ , CL ₄ dividing in two the volumes comprised between the two longitudinal partitions CLj, CL ₂ and the two exterior walls longitudinal 20, 21, these two partitions respectively separating the pieces P ₂ , P ₄ and the pieces P ₃ , P ₅ , - a transverse partition CL ₅ connecting the two external walls 20, 21 and passing at the ends of the longitudinal partitions CLi , CL ₂ , this partition CL ₅ delimiting with the transverse external wall 22 a relatively large volume constituting a living room P

Of course, these walls 20 to 23 and these partitions CLi to CL ₅ include openings O intended to receive doorframes such as doors or windows.

According to the invention, this set of walls 20 to 23 and partitions CLi to CL ₅ can be produced in a single molding operation using an initially fluid molding material and solidifying thereafter after d 'a process of making. Of course, the invention is not limited to a particular type of material of this kind which could, for example, consist of cement, lime, plaster, etc., or mixtures including these materials.

In order to achieve this result, the invention proposes a set of inflatable formwork modules which can be extended, comprising, as shown in FIG. 8:

an external formwork module ME, for example a tabular one, the internal molding face FMi delimits a parallelepiped volume equal to the volume delimited by the external faces of the walls 20 to 23 of the house,

- a parallelepipedal internal formwork module MC ₂ whose external molding faces FM ₂ delimit a volume equal to the volume of the living room P _ls

- four rectangular interior formwork modules MC ₃ to MC ₆ , whose external molding faces FM ₃ to FM ₆ define a volume

10 corresponding to that of rooms P ₂ to P ₅ located on either side of the corridor

CO, - a parallelepipedal internal formwork module MC ₇ whose external molding faces FM ₇ delimit the volume of the corridor CO.

These interior formwork modules MC ₂ to MC are arranged inside the exterior formwork module ME so that the different molding faces FMi to FM ₇ in correspondence extend parallel to each other at a corresponding distance, according to the case, the thickness of the walls 20 to 23 or the thickness of the partitions CLi to CL ₅ .

FIG. 9 shows the arrangement of these interior modules MC ₂ to MC ₇ in the exterior module ME, leading to the production of the house shown in FIG. 1.

In this example, the parallelism of the molding faces of the modules and the maintenance of these faces at the desired spacing can be ensured by means of tie rods T and / or spacers CA of the type of those illustrated in FIG. 5.

Likewise, the openings of the walls and partitions are made using possibly inflatable inserts IG and / or protuberances of the type of those shown in FIG. 5.

In this example, the interior formwork modules MC ₂ to MC ₇ have a tubular shape. Of course, these modules can possibly have a solid parallelepiped shape, in particular when they are small.

In the example shown in FIG. 10, the molding device also comprises an intermediate formwork module MI which "doubles" the module

11 ME external formwork so as to provide, in the thickness of the exterior wall, a vacuum used for thermal insulation of the wall. Of course, this void can be filled or filled with a thermally insulating material. It can also be used for heating and / or air conditioning the house.

An important advantage of the device according to the invention consists in that it makes it possible to produce buildings in which the walls and / or partitions have curved shapes.

By way of example, FIG. 11 shows an exemplary embodiment of a dwelling house having a structure similar to that of FIG. 7, but having walls and curved partitions, the formwork modules ME 'and MC ₂ to MC ₇ consequently having corresponding curved shapes.

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Claims

claims

1. Mold for molding structural elements using a molding material (such as concrete), characterized in that it comprises at least two inflatable structures (2, 3) connected to one another. 'other by means of holding in position and in the shape of the molding surfaces (12, 13, T) so as to delimit between them, in the inflated state, a molding volume into which the molding material can be introduced, demoulding takes place after the material has set, thanks to the deflation of the structure.

2. Mold according to claim 1 characterized in that the above holding means consist of tie rods and / or spacers.

3. Mold according to claim 2, characterized in that the aforesaid tie rods (T) are flexible or rigid and are connected to bearing parts which are applied on the outer faces of the inflatable structures.

4. Mold according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the distance between the molding faces is kept constant by means of spacers (ESi, ES ₂ ) and / or spacers.

5. Mold according to claim 4, characterized in that it comprises tie rods or spacers through which pass respective tie rods.

6. Mold according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it results from the assembly of several modular elements (Ei, E ₂ ) each comprising two inflatable structures (2, 3) having two vertical molding surfaces (4 , 5), at least partially flat, parallel

13 one with respect to the other and which delimit a substantially parallelepipedal molding volume.

7. Mold according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the two inflatable structures (2, 3) are interconnected by detachable tie rods (12, 13) connecting their lateral edges.

8. Mold according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the two inflatable structures (2, 3) are interconnected by lost tie rods (T) passing through passages made in the rear face (6, 7) and in the molding face (4, 5) of each of the structures (2, 3), these tie rods (T) passing through the molding volume.

9. Mold according to claim 8, characterized in that the tie rods pass through transverse sheaths (G) connecting the rear face (6, 7) to the molding face (4, 5) of each of the structures (2, 3) .

10. Mold according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the molding face (4, 5) of one of the structures (2, 3) comprises a convex shape (22) coming into contact with the molding face on the other structare to form openings and / or notches in the molded object.

11. A mold according to claim 1, for the production of cellular elements, characterized in that it comprises a central inflatable structure (SC) and at least one peripheral inflatable structure, arranged around the central structure (SC) at a distance corresponding to the thickness of the object to be molded.

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12. Mold according to claim 11, characterized in that the peripheral inflatable structure is constituted by the assembly of several parallelepipedal inflatable structures (SP).

13. Mold according to one of claims 6 to 12, characterized in that the fixing of the adjacent inflatable structares is carried out by means of a zipper (FE) disposed along the vertical edge of the molding faces (5) and by means of any fixing means (FQ) at the edges of the rear faces (6) situated opposite the slide fasteners (FE).

14. Mold according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises two inflatable structares (Si, S ₂ ) fitting into one another to delimit a mold cavity (CM), the assembly between the two structures being obtained using assembly means located at the junction of the two structures (Si, S ₂ ).

15. Mold according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the above structures are kept rigidified and / or anchored by means of a rigid frame acting as props, and / or means of fixing to the ground and / or even stiffeners.

16. Mold according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a plurality of inflatable formwork modules, namely:

15 - A plurality of interior formwork modules intended to be arranged inside the exterior formwork module to delimit volumes corresponding to the different parts of the building, these formwork modules comprising external molding faces intended to be placed opposite and at a predetermined distance from corresponding molding faces of the external formwork module and / or from formwork faces of other external modules so as to delimit molding spaces in which a molding material such as cement, concrete, plaster, etc., can be poured to make the walls and partitions of the building.

17. Mold according to claim 16, characterized in that the facing parts of the formwork modules are interconnected by means of tie rods or spacers.

18. Mold according to one of claims 16 and 17, characterized in that the external formwork module is doubled by an inflatable inner lining, not very thick, having two opposite formwork faces, namely:

19. A mold according to claim 18, characterized in that the inflatable inner lining has notches.

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20. Mold according to one of the above claims 16 to 19, characterized in that the above modules are extensible.

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