EP0752153B2 - Lichtbogenlöschkammer mit drei barrieren für den durchtritt von lichtbogengasen - Google Patents
Lichtbogenlöschkammer mit drei barrieren für den durchtritt von lichtbogengasen Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0752153B2 EP0752153B2 EP95913022A EP95913022A EP0752153B2 EP 0752153 B2 EP0752153 B2 EP 0752153B2 EP 95913022 A EP95913022 A EP 95913022A EP 95913022 A EP95913022 A EP 95913022A EP 0752153 B2 EP0752153 B2 EP 0752153B2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- barrier
- webs
- arc
- quenching
- chamber
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
- H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
- H01H9/34—Stationary parts for restricting or subdividing the arc, e.g. barrier plate
- H01H9/342—Venting arrangements for arc chutes
Definitions
- the invention relates to an arc quenching chamber for a circuit breaker with a chamber housing, Arc guide rails arranged in the chamber housing and supported at a mutual distance Extinguishing sheets as well as with one above the Extinguishing plates arranged, three barriers Cooling arrangement for escaping arc gases, the first barrier immediately above the Extinguishing sheets and the second barrier at a distance from the first barrier is arranged and wherein the first and the second barrier parallel to the end faces of the quenching plates have directed through openings, furthermore with a following the second barrier outside through the third one with outlet openings Barrier closed cooling chamber.
- Another arc quenching chamber is known per se at which the cooling arrangement a immediately above the Extinguishing plates arranged first barrier, one at a distance of the second barrier arranged second barrier, one itself the second barrier connecting the cooling chamber and one the Cooling chamber includes a third barrier closing to the outside.
- the first and second barriers are part of the Chamber housing.
- the cooling chamber and the third barrier are formed by a chamber attachment, which as a separate Assembly placed on the finished arc quenching chamber and is connected to this.
- the first barrier formed by webs, each with one half length with Housing halves of the chamber housing are formed.
- the second The barrier is formed by webs abutting one another at the end formed on in one piece with the housing halves trained, forming an outer wall of the chamber housing Walls are formed.
- the cooling chamber formed by the chamber attachment is through several trained in the form of filters and grates Partial barriers penetrated by a third barrier and by a the partial barriers in the form of an upper grate to the outside completed.
- the webs are in this arc quenching chamber of the first barrier in double the value of the pitch of the Extinguishing sheets spaced and form the abutment for each Splitter.
- the bridges of the second barrier are opposite the Rise the first barrier around the pitch of the Extinguishing sheets are staggered.
- the width corresponds and the height of the webs of the first barrier and the webs of the second barrier about the division dimension of the quenching plates (Low-voltage circuit breakers of the "MASTERPACT DC" type from Merlin Gerin, FR).
- the invention has for its object the cooling effect the arrangement of barriers with the lowest possible Dimensions and long life improve that on the exit side of the arc quenching chamber only a minimal safety margin too grounded components is required.
- This task is accomplished by an arc quenching chamber with the Characteristics of the Claim 1 solved.
- the web arrangement is essential more resistant than slotted or perforated plate-shaped Components is executable and therefore the entire Arc quenching chamber for a higher one Arc gas pressure can be designed. Therefore, the invention is particularly suitable for Construction of compact power shaders with high switching capacity.
- the arrangement forces the arc gases to flow through the first and second barriers into two Change of direction of 90 °, with partial flows the gases above the webs of the first barrier against each other steered and thereby slowed down.
- the Gases then occur with intensive vortex formation and expansion into the cooling chamber and lose to most of their ionization.
- On the exit side of the The third barrier is therefore the temperature and the degree of ionization the gases so low that only still a small safety distance to earthed parts to be noted.
- the first, the second and the third barrier be part of the end body.
- This design proves to be favorable for the producibility the web arrangement with great strength.
- every second one of the quenching plates lies on a bridge of the first barrier.
- a separate one Fastening device for those in between Extinguishing plates can become unnecessary that the webs of the first barrier by an edge Crossbar are connected, which is an abutment for every second, not on one of the webs of the first barrier adjacent fire-fighting sheet forms.
- the exit openings of the third barrier can slit-like and parallel to the webs of the first and second barriers, but against them offset, arranged in an end wall of the end body his.
- the End body can be made from a single hollow body thermosetting plastic.
- FIG. 1 shows an arc quenching chamber Low voltage circuit breaker with one movable switch contact in section.
- FIG. 2 A top view of the arc quenching chamber according to FIG. 1 shows FIG. 2.
- FIG. 1 An end piece according to the arc quenching chamber Figures 1 and 2 is in Figure 3 with a view of the the underside facing the interior is shown.
- Figures 4 and 5 are sections IV-IV and V-V in of Figure 3.
- the arc extinguishing chamber 1 according to FIG. 1 is part of a low-voltage circuit breaker for use up to 1000 V and a switching capacity to about 100,000 A.
- the circuit breaker for the rest of the invention is not essential, are only an upper connecting rail 2 with a fixed contact piece 3 and an associated movable contact lever 4 with an electric arc 5 shown.
- the switch-on position is extended, dash-dotted lines indicate the switch lever is in the off position 4 indicated.
- the arc quenching chamber 1 has a two-part Chamber housing 6 with a lower shaft body 7 and an end body that terminates this above 8 on.
- the shaft body 7 In the shaft body 7 are mutually Distance between quenching plates 10 is arranged.
- This quenching plate arrangement is on both sides by an arc guide rail 11 or 12 completed, the left Arc guide rail 11 with a small distance stationary arcing horn 13 faces and the right arc guide rail 12 at the lower end like this is angled that the movable Contact lever with its arcing horn 5 in the off position at the end of the bend.
- the quenching plates 10 end close in one plane the upper end of the shaft body 7 and are against Longitudinal displacement through the end body 8 secured.
- a left end web 16 and a right end web 17 are wider than the webs 15, namely such that the last baffle plate 10 and the subsequent one Arc guide rail 11 or 12 on the End bar 16 or 17 abut.
- the webs 15 in connection with the end webs 16 and 17 form a first Barrier 20 for arcing gases that arise when switching and that before leaving the free environment are to be cooled and deionized.
- the cross-sectional shape of the webs 15 and 21 is according to Figures 1 and 4 the same and approximately square shaped.
- the width b and correspond Height h of the webs 15 and 21 approximately the pitch t the quenching plates 10.
- a third barrier 24 is through an end wall 23 of the end body 8 is formed.
- the front wall 23 contains the outlet openings 26 (FIG. 2), through which the cooled and deionized arc gases leave the arc extinguishing chamber 1.
- the first and second barriers 20 and 22, respectively respectively have only a small mutual distance d ( Figure 4), which is about a quarter of the width b or the height h of the webs is 15 or 21, is between the second and the third barrier 22 or 24 a greater distance provided by which a cooling chamber 25 is formed becomes.
- the outlet openings 26 of the third barrier 24 are elongated and parallel to the webs 15 and 21 of the first and second barriers 20 and 22 arranged.
- the webs 15 are the first barrier 20 on the edge side by a cross piece 27 connected with each other. This creates a contact surface also formed for those quenching plates 10 that do not rest against the webs 15 of the first barrier 20.
- the outlet openings 26 are shorter than the openings formed by the webs 15 and 21.
- the pitch of the outlet openings 26 is also different of the pitch t ( Figure 1) of the webs 15 and 21 chosen. This avoids a gap the webs 21 just an exit opening 26 faces.
- the end body 8 protrudes on all sides Edge pieces 30, 31 and 32 and 33 for support on front end of the shaft body 7. Through holes 34 are in the corners of said edge pieces for connecting the end body 8 and the shaft body 7 provided by means of screws 35.
- the contact lever is used to separate a circuit 4 from the extended position shown in the Position shown in broken lines is moved.
- the resulting switching arc is switched off by the fixed contact 3 and the arcing horn 5 of the contact lever 4 on the arc guide rails 11 and 12 transferred. Due to magnetic and thermal The switching arc is buoyant then in the quenching plate arrangement (quenching plates 10, FIG 1) and is there in one of the number of quenching plates 10 corresponding number of partial arcs split. The until the switching arc goes out Arcing gases escape through the arrangement of barriers 20, 22 and 24 to the outside. there first practice the webs 15 due to the first barrier 20 their relatively high height and their parallel Flank a directional effect on the gas flow.
- the partial flows of the gas then meet the lower ones Areas of the webs 21 of the barrier 22 and are due the small distance d between the webs 15 and 21 forced to deflect by about 90 °.
- Space between two webs 21 of the second barrier 22 hit two redirected partial flows of the arc gases against each other and can space between the webs 21 only after redirection leave by 90 ° in the direction of the cooling chamber 25. This happens with vigorous vortex formation and expansion. This is associated with a strong cooling and one Recombination of load carriers.
- the dwell time of the arc gases in the cooling chamber 25 is due to the dimensioning of the outlet openings 26 to influence Despite the good effectiveness the described arrangement of barriers 20, 22 and 24 the arrangement described claims only one relatively small part of the total height of the arc quenching chamber 1. Furthermore, no conductive Parts such as wire mesh, mesh made of expanded metal or Similar items needed to get the cooling you want and to effect deionization of the arc gases. Therefore, the described arc quenching chamber stands out 1 also through a great security against electrical flashovers on the exit side of the fire extinguishing plates 10 out. The safety distance to earthed Components are cut to a small size of around 20 - 60 mm decreased.
Landscapes
- Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
- Circuit Breakers (AREA)
Description
Claims (6)
- Lichtbogenlöschkammer für einen Leistungsschalter mit einem Kammergehäuse (6), mit in dem Kammergehäuse (6) angeordneten Lichtbogenleitschienen (11, 12), mit in gegenseitigem Abstand abgestützten Löschblechen (10) sowie mit einer oberhalb der Löschbleche (10) angeordneten Kühlanordnung für austretende Lichtbogengase, die eine unmittelbar oberhalb der Löschbleche angeordnete erste Barriere (20), eine im Abstand von der ersten Barriere angeordnete zweite Barriere (22), eine sich an die zweite Barriere anschließende Kühlkammer (25) und eine die Kühlkammer nach außen abschließende dritte Barriere (24) umfasst, bei derdie erste Barriere (20) und die zweite Barriere (22) parallel zu Stirnflächen (14) der Löschbleche (10) gerichtete Durchtrittsöffnungen besitzen und die dritte Barriere (24) mit Austrittsöffnungen (26) versehen ist,die erste Barriere (20) durch im doppelten Wert des Teilungsmaßes (t) der Löschbleche (10) angeordnete, als Widerlager für je ein Löschblech (10) dienende Stege (15) des Kammergehäuses (6) gebildet ist unddie zweite Barriere gleichfalls durch Stege (21) des Kammergehäuses gebildet ist, die gegenüber den Stegen (15) der ersten Barriere (20) um das Teilungsmaß (t) versetzt angeordnet sind,wobei die Stege (15, 21) eine etwa quadratische Querschnittsform aufweisen, deren Breite (b) und Höhe (h) etwa dem Teilungsmaß (t) entsprechen undwobei der Abstand (d) zwischen der ersten und der zweiten Barriere das 0,1 bis 0,5-fache der Höhe (h) der Stege beträgt.
- Lichtbogenlöschkammer nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
jeweils eine Lichtbogenleitschiene (11, 12) und das anschließende Löschblech (10) von einem Endsteg (16, 17) der ersten Barriere (20) überdeckt werden, derart, dass Lichtbogengase in die zwischen der zweiten und dritten Barriere (22, 24) befindliche Kühlkammer (25) nur entlang den Stegen (21) der zweiten Barriere (22) eintreten können. - Lichtbogenlöschkammer nach Anspruch 1 oder 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
bei Unterteilung des Kammergehäuses (6) in einen die Löschbleche aufnehmenden Schachtkörper (7) und einen den Schachtkörper (7) oben abschließenden Endkörper (8) die erste, die zweite und die dritte Barriere (20, 22, 24) Bestandteil des Endkörpers (8) sind. - Lichtbogenlöschkammer nach Anspruch 3,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
die Stege (15) der ersten Barriere (20) durch einen randseitigen Quersteg (27) verbunden sind, der ein Widerlager für jedes zweite, nicht an einem der Stege (15) der ersten Barriere (20) anliegende Löschblech (10) bildet. - Lichtbogenlöschkammer nach einem der Ansprüche 3 oder 4,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
die Austrittsöffnungen (26) der dritten Barriere (24) schlitzartig ausgebildet und parallel zu den Stegen (15, 21) der ersten und der zweiten Barriere (20, 22), jedoch gegenüber diesen versetzt und in einer gegenüber den Stegen (15, 21) der ersten und der zweiten Barriere (20, 22) abweichenden Teilung angeordnet sind. - Lichtbogenlöschkammer nach Anspruch 3,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
der Endkörper (8) als einheitlicher Hohlkörper aus einem duroplastischen Kunststoff hergestellt ist.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE4410108A DE4410108C2 (de) | 1994-03-21 | 1994-03-21 | Lichtbogenlöschkammer mit drei Barrieren für den Durchtritt von Lichtbogengasen |
DE4410108 | 1994-03-21 | ||
PCT/DE1995/000347 WO1995026033A1 (de) | 1994-03-21 | 1995-03-10 | Lichtbogenlöschkammer mit drei barrieren für den durchtritt von lichtbogengasen |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0752153A1 EP0752153A1 (de) | 1997-01-08 |
EP0752153B1 EP0752153B1 (de) | 1998-08-12 |
EP0752153B2 true EP0752153B2 (de) | 2002-09-25 |
Family
ID=6513662
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP95913022A Expired - Lifetime EP0752153B2 (de) | 1994-03-21 | 1995-03-10 | Lichtbogenlöschkammer mit drei barrieren für den durchtritt von lichtbogengasen |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5756951A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0752153B2 (de) |
JP (1) | JPH09510574A (de) |
DE (2) | DE4410108C2 (de) |
WO (1) | WO1995026033A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (26)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5470701A (en) * | 1993-02-24 | 1995-11-28 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Method for determining favorable prognosis in an HIV positive subject using HLA-DR+ /CD38- CD8bright cells |
DE29612636U1 (de) * | 1996-07-15 | 1997-08-14 | Siemens Ag | Lichtbogenlöschkammer für Niederspannungs-Leistungsschalter |
DE29617358U1 (de) * | 1996-09-24 | 1998-01-29 | Siemens Ag | Lichtbogenlöschkammer für Niederspannungs-Leistungsschalter |
US5861596A (en) * | 1997-04-01 | 1999-01-19 | Eaton Corporation | Dual baffle apparatus for electrical switching device |
DE29720715U1 (de) * | 1997-11-21 | 1998-01-22 | Siemens Ag | Schaltgerät mit Lichtbogen-Löscheinrichtung |
JP3411206B2 (ja) * | 1997-12-26 | 2003-05-26 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 接点開閉機器の消弧装置 |
DE19920042C1 (de) | 1999-04-23 | 2001-01-18 | Siemens Ag | Schaltgasdämpfer für Niederspannungs-Leistungsschalter |
DE10033936A1 (de) * | 2000-07-05 | 2002-01-17 | Siemens Ag | Niederspannungs-Leistungsschalter mit einer Lichtbogenlöschkammer und mit einem Schaltgasdämpfer |
DE10036370B4 (de) * | 2000-07-18 | 2009-07-09 | Siemens Ag | Lichtbogenlöscheinrichtung mit einem Aufsatz für Niederspannungs-Schaltgeräte |
DE10049726A1 (de) * | 2000-09-29 | 2002-04-11 | Siemens Ag | Kammerdeckelbefestigung für Lichtbogenlöschkammern für Niederspannungsschaltgeräte |
FR2823904B1 (fr) * | 2001-04-19 | 2003-06-06 | Schneider Electric Ind Sa | Diffuseur monobloc pour un appareillage electrique de coupure |
US7176771B2 (en) | 2001-08-24 | 2007-02-13 | Square D Company | Circuit breaker filter assembly |
DE10149019C1 (de) * | 2001-09-28 | 2003-06-18 | Siemens Ag | Lichtbogenlöscheinrichtung für Niederspannungs-Schaltgeräte |
DE102004001943A1 (de) * | 2004-01-14 | 2005-08-04 | Abb Patent Gmbh | Elektrisches Schaltgerät |
DE102004037294A1 (de) * | 2004-07-27 | 2006-03-23 | Siemens Ag | Lichtbogen-Löscheinrichtung sowie Niederspannungs-Leistungsschalter mit einer Leichtbogen-Löscheinrichtung |
NL1027342C2 (nl) * | 2004-10-26 | 2006-04-27 | Eaton Electric Nv | Bluskamer voor beveiligingsschakelaar. |
DE102005043396A1 (de) * | 2005-09-08 | 2007-03-15 | Siemens Ag | Auswechselbare Löschblechkassette für einen Leistungsschalter sowie Leistungsschalter mit auswechselbarer Löschblechkassette |
US7202436B1 (en) * | 2005-10-28 | 2007-04-10 | Eaton Corporation | Secondary arc chute and electrical switching apparatus incorporating same |
US7488915B2 (en) | 2006-09-20 | 2009-02-10 | Eaton Corporation | ARC baffle, and ARC chute assembly and electrical switching apparatus employing the same |
KR101094775B1 (ko) * | 2010-07-06 | 2011-12-16 | 엘에스산전 주식회사 | 배선용차단기의 소호기구 |
CN105336526A (zh) * | 2015-12-10 | 2016-02-17 | 二一三电器(上海)有限公司 | 双断点触头的灭弧装置 |
CN105405706A (zh) * | 2015-12-29 | 2016-03-16 | 上海电器陶瓷厂有限公司 | 一种隔离开关的灭弧室 |
KR20180114763A (ko) * | 2017-04-11 | 2018-10-19 | 엘에스산전 주식회사 | 기중 차단기의 아크가스 배출구조 |
FR3065316B1 (fr) * | 2017-04-14 | 2019-07-05 | Schneider Electric Industries Sas | Dispositif de filtrage de gaz de coupure pour un appareil de coupure d'un courant electrique et appareil de coupure d'un courant electrique comportant ce dispositif de filtrage |
US10650993B1 (en) * | 2019-03-19 | 2020-05-12 | Siemens Industry, Inc. | Circuit breaker with enhanced arc extinguishing chamber |
JP6676228B1 (ja) * | 2019-06-26 | 2020-04-08 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 気中遮断器 |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3005892A (en) † | 1957-03-19 | 1961-10-24 | Ite Circuit Breaker Ltd | Arc chute design for circuit breakers |
DE2905854A1 (de) † | 1979-02-08 | 1980-08-21 | Terasaki Denki Sangyo Kk | Leistungsschalter |
FR2589624A1 (fr) † | 1985-10-31 | 1987-05-07 | Merlin Gerin | Disjoncteur electrique multipolaire a boitier isolant moule |
DE3541514A1 (de) † | 1985-11-21 | 1987-05-27 | Siemens Ag | Lichtbogenloeschkammer mit einem aufsatz zur weiteren abkuehlung austretender gase |
WO1993013538A1 (de) † | 1991-12-21 | 1993-07-08 | Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-Gmbh | Leitungsschutzschalter mit einer lichtbogenkammer |
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US2310728A (en) * | 1941-09-04 | 1943-02-09 | Gen Electric | Electric circuit breaker |
US2445190A (en) * | 1944-12-20 | 1948-07-13 | Gen Electric | Electric circuit breaker |
DE1021054B (de) * | 1954-05-11 | 1957-12-19 | Siemens Ag | Schaltkammer fuer elektrische Schaltgeraete |
DE1238538B (de) * | 1963-07-19 | 1967-04-13 | Licentia Gmbh | Loeschblechanordnung fuer Schaltgeraete, insbesondere fuer Installationsselbstschalter |
US3440378A (en) * | 1966-04-05 | 1969-04-22 | Gen Electric | Metal plate type of arc-extinguishing device |
DE2133926A1 (de) * | 1971-07-07 | 1973-01-18 | Allis Chalmers Mfg Co | Funkenkammer fuer luft-leistungsschalter |
US3621169A (en) * | 1970-04-20 | 1971-11-16 | Gen Electric | Electric circuit interrupter with novel arc gas discharge muffle assembly |
FR2451097A1 (fr) * | 1979-02-07 | 1980-10-03 | Terasaki Denki Sangyo Kk | Interrupteur de circuit electrique a air, mecanisme et boitier |
SU851517A1 (ru) * | 1979-10-04 | 1981-07-30 | Предприятие П/Я А-7676 | Дугогасительна камера |
US4511773A (en) * | 1982-05-27 | 1985-04-16 | General Electric Company | Molding composition for arc circuit breakers |
GB8302615D0 (en) * | 1983-01-31 | 1983-03-02 | Whipp And Bourne 1975 Ltd | Arc splitter plates |
JPS6093230U (ja) * | 1983-12-01 | 1985-06-25 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 電磁接触器 |
US4876424A (en) * | 1988-09-19 | 1989-10-24 | Siemens Energy & Automation, Inc. | Barrier with a venting scheme for a circuit breaker |
SU1756962A1 (ru) * | 1990-04-10 | 1992-08-23 | Ленинградское Производственное Электромашиностроительное Объединение "Электросила" Им.С.М.Кирова | Дугогасительное устройство многополюсного выключател |
-
1994
- 1994-03-21 DE DE4410108A patent/DE4410108C2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1995
- 1995-03-10 JP JP7524290A patent/JPH09510574A/ja active Pending
- 1995-03-10 DE DE59503170T patent/DE59503170D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-03-10 EP EP95913022A patent/EP0752153B2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-03-10 US US08/714,158 patent/US5756951A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-03-10 WO PCT/DE1995/000347 patent/WO1995026033A1/de active IP Right Grant
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3005892A (en) † | 1957-03-19 | 1961-10-24 | Ite Circuit Breaker Ltd | Arc chute design for circuit breakers |
DE2905854A1 (de) † | 1979-02-08 | 1980-08-21 | Terasaki Denki Sangyo Kk | Leistungsschalter |
FR2589624A1 (fr) † | 1985-10-31 | 1987-05-07 | Merlin Gerin | Disjoncteur electrique multipolaire a boitier isolant moule |
DE3541514A1 (de) † | 1985-11-21 | 1987-05-27 | Siemens Ag | Lichtbogenloeschkammer mit einem aufsatz zur weiteren abkuehlung austretender gase |
WO1993013538A1 (de) † | 1991-12-21 | 1993-07-08 | Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-Gmbh | Leitungsschutzschalter mit einer lichtbogenkammer |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
Catalogue distribution basse tension 92/93 der Firma Merlin Gerin † |
Masterpact disjoncteur courant continu de 1000 à 8000A der Firma Merlin Gerin † |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO1995026033A1 (de) | 1995-09-28 |
EP0752153A1 (de) | 1997-01-08 |
JPH09510574A (ja) | 1997-10-21 |
EP0752153B1 (de) | 1998-08-12 |
DE4410108A1 (de) | 1995-09-28 |
DE59503170D1 (de) | 1998-09-17 |
US5756951A (en) | 1998-05-26 |
DE4410108C2 (de) | 1996-08-22 |
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