Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
  • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
  • B28B7/00—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels
  • B28B7/0064—Moulds characterised by special surfaces for producing a desired surface of a moulded article, e.g. profiled or polished moulding surfaces
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
  • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
  • B28B23/00—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
  • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
  • B28B23/00—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects
  • B28B23/005—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects with anchoring or fastening elements for the shaped articles
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
  • E04B1/348—Structures composed of units comprising at least considerable parts of two sides of a room, e.g. box-like or cell-like units closed or in skeleton form
  • E04B1/34815—Elements not integrated in a skeleton
  • E04B1/34823—Elements not integrated in a skeleton the supporting structure consisting of concrete
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
  • E04F15/00—Flooring
  • E04F15/18—Separately-laid insulating layers; Other additional insulating measures; Floating floors
  • E04F15/20—Separately-laid insulating layers; Other additional insulating measures; Floating floors for sound insulation

Definitions

• Floor process for its manufacture and building comprising at least one such floor.
• the invention relates to a floor and a method for manufacturing this floor.
• the floor is a structure which constitutes a horizontal platform at the lower level of the building, or a separation between two floors.
• floors of non-combustible materials we know in particular the floors consisting of reinforced concrete slabs poured in place and integral with the walls or the frame of the building. Also known are floors formed of beams or beams (concrete or metal) between which are placed concrete slabs as filling. Such floors composed of slabs, like those which consist of concrete slabs poured in place, should however rather be considered as constituting the structural work of floors. It is therefore a rule to cover such floors with a screed which is generally made with a hydraulic setting material consisting essentially of a wet mixture of cement and sand.
• a floor screed In any case, the production of such a floor screed requires skilled labor and, despite this, the surface of the screed is never free from defects and its mechanical strength and its hydrophobicity are not optimal. In general, such a screed is still covered with a finishing coating such as tiling, plain carpet, linoleum, etc. According to certain known techniques, a layer of thermal insulation is interposed between the structural work of the floor and the floor screed.
• the invention also aims to implement such a method which allows, if desired, to achieve a floor ensuring good sound insulation between floors.
• Another object of the invention is to implement such a method which makes it possible, if desired, to produce a floor provided with incorporated heat exchangers.
• the invention also aims to provide such floors with a very satisfactory degree of finish allowing, if desired, not to cover them with an additional coating.
• the subject of the present invention is a method for producing a floor for a building, this method comprising the following operations: - providing a mold for reinforced concrete slab, this mold comprising a mold base with a flat and smooth surface and a frame against which the edges of the slab will form, this frame being detachably fixed to the bottom of the mold, - place this mold in a horizontal plane, the flat and smooth surface of the bottom of the mold being turned upwards, place in this mold a concrete reinforcement, - set up in this mold removable fastening means able to secure the bottom of the mold and the concrete slab when it is there molded, pour concrete into the mold and allow the slab thus formed to harden, make a support on which the concrete slab can be placed and on which the weight of this slab will be distributed in a substantially regular manner, transport the concrete slab, contained in its mold, towards said support, remove the frame from the mold, - turn upside down the assembly formed by the mold base and the concrete slab and place this assembly on said support, separate the concrete slab from the mold base and remove the bottom of
• said support is separately placed in the building under construction and the concrete slab (produced in the workshop) is transported (contained in its mold) to the building construction site where it is then placed. place on its support.
• said support and the concrete slab are both made in the workshop and it is also in the workshop that said slab is placed on its support, the assembly consisting of the slab and the support on which it rests. then being transported to the construction site where this assembly is installed in the building.
• This second variant of the process can be particularly advantageous in the case where the support itself is a building element prefabricated or part of a prefabricated constriction unit.
• the mold base is provided with stiffening means mounted against its face which is opposite to its said flat and smooth surface (that is to say, against its face which, during of the molding operation, is turned down).
• This stiffening is generally necessary because the slabs to be molded which are thin and large in area must be able to be transported and handled, fixed to the bottom of the mold.
• the mold base is advantageously provided with hooking means capable of facilitating its handling by cranes or other lifting means.
• an anti-vibration mattress is interposed between the concrete slab and its support. A floating slab floor is thus obtained.
• the floor tiles produced according to the invention are thin tiles but in general of large area.
• the floor of a room in the building can be made with a single prefabricated slab according to the invention.
• the upper surface of the tiles installed is in any case perfectly flat and smooth, which has the result that for many applications it is useless to cover them with a coating.
• the appearance of the upper face of the floor slab can be further improved by implementing a particular embodiment of the invention, according to which, before pouring the concrete into the mold, is first poured into it a layer of mortar added with filler materials or pigments capable of giving the upper face of the slab a decorative appearance.
• a layer of mortar added with filler materials or pigments capable of giving the upper face of the slab a decorative appearance.
• a coil capable of conveying a heat transfer fluid is placed in the mold prior to the pouring of the concrete.
• This coil is arranged in such a way that its ends exit by a lateral edge of the slab.
• the mold is of a shape such that a rebate is formed along the edge of the face of the concrete slab which is in contact with the bottom of the mold.
• the subject of the invention is also a floor for a building comprising a continuous, coherent and hardened layer of material with hydraulic setting and a support situated under said layer and on which the weight of this layer is distributed in a substantially regular manner.
• said layer consists of a reinforced concrete precast slab which this upper face, a smooth flat surface, this panel having been molded upside down in a mold the bottom of which has a flat surface and smooth.
• the floor comprises, between said support and the concrete slab, an intermediate layer.
• This intermediate layer may possibly be thin (a few millimeters) and consist, for example, of a rot-proof felt capable of compensating for the small inequalities which the upper face of the support and the lower face of the slab present, so as to distribute the weight of the slab as evenly as possible on the support.
• the intermediate layer will advantageously consist of an anti-vibration mattress so that the concrete slab is a floating slab thus ensuring good acoustic insulation between floors and dampen, in particular, the transmission of footsteps to the lower floor.
• the intermediate layer can also be made of a thermal insulation material.
• this anti-vibration mattress When an anti-vibration mattress is interposed between the support and the concrete slab, this anti-vibration mattress already provides a fairly good thermal insulation but it may be desirable to interpose between the anti-vibration mattress and the concrete slab a layer made of a material ensuring good thermal insulation.
• the thermal insulation of the concrete slab from its support is obviously particularly important when heating elements (or, more generally, heat exchangers) are embedded in the mass of the concrete slab.
• the concrete slabs used to make the floors according to the invention are, as a general rule, thin and large in area.
• the concrete slabs used have an area of at least
• the thickness of these slabs is advantageously between 3 and 7 cm and, preferably between 4 and 6 cm.
• the support for the precast concrete slab according to the invention may in particular consist of a continuous concrete slab poured in place (but whose upper surface is therefore not perfectly flat and smooth).
• the support for the concrete slab according to the invention can also consist of a series of beams or beams (made of metal or concrete). As it is desirable for the concrete slabs to be thin, the spacing between the supporting beams or beams must be adapted accordingly. In most cases this spacing will be less than 40 cm.
• the support consists of a profiled sheet such as a trapezoidal sheet.
• the concrete slab of the floor according to the invention may comprise, embedded in its mass, at least one coil capable of conveying a heat transfer fluid and connection means for connecting this coil to a supply circuit.
• the concrete slab has a substantially rectangular shape with cut corners.
• the connection means of this coil are advantageously located in the cut corners of the slab.
• the concrete slab has a rebate along the edges of its upper face, this rebate being able to cooperate with a joint disposed between two neighboring slabs.
• a profiled joint preferably having a T-section is preferably inserted between them, the dimensions of each rebate corresponding to those of one of the branches of the T-section.
• the invention also relates to a building which comprises at least one floor according to the invention or produced according to the method according to the invention.
• a building which comprises at least one floor according to the invention or produced according to the method according to the invention.
• One of the important advantages of the technique according to the invention consists in the fact that it allows the very fast and dry production of floors with good characteristics.
• the concrete slabs can be molded in the workshop, away from the site, several weeks before these slabs must be installed in the building under construction.
• This process for producing floors can be used for buildings of very different types.
• FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a slab according to the invention, at the manufacturing stage;
• Fig. 2 is a sectional view along a vertical plane II-II of a detail of the slab in FIG. 1;
• Fig. 3 is a perspective view of a slab after its installation on the lower horizontal element of a modular construction unit;
• Fig. 4 is a sectional view along the vertical plane IVIV of FIG. 3;
• Fig. 5 is a perspective view of a slab comprising heating elements embedded in its mass;
• Fig. 6 is a perspective view, with cutaway, of a slab with heating elements, placed on the lower horizontal element of a modular construction unit.
• the floating slab according to the invention unlike a conventional "floating screed" is not made on site but in a mold, with the desired dimensions.
• Slab 1 made of reinforced concrete, is shown in FIG. 1, resting on the bottom 2 of the mold in which it was made.
• the slab 1 is secured to the bottom of the mold 2 by removable fasteners 4 which can be seen in more detail in FIG. 2. Thanks to these fixings 4, it is possible to manipulate and simply turn over the slab 1 with its mold base 2, without the risk of breaking or cracking this thin slab (thickness 5 cm).
• Fig. 2 shows on a larger scale the slab 1 in section at the location of one of these removable fasteners 4.
• the attachment 4 shown essentially comprises a tubular element 5 intended to be embedded in the mass of the slab 1.
• This tubular element 5 is internally threaded and cooperates with a bolt 6 which holds it in place relative to the mold base 2.
• a l 'end of this tubular element 5 is fixed a flange 7 intended to distribute the stresses exerted on the fixing 4 in the slab 1 after the setting of the concrete which composes it.
• FIG. 2 shows in section, of the elements of a light reinforcement 8 embedded in the mass of the dal le 1.
• the flange 7 is shown in Figs. 1 and 2 flush with the surface 9 of the slab; this in no way detracts from the appearance of the slab 1, this surface 9 being intended to form the underside of the slab 1 once it has been turned over and put in place.
• the mold base 2 further comprises stiffeners 10.
• stiffeners 10 The presence of these stiffeners 10 is explained by the small thickness of the slab 1 and by its large dimensions, which correspond substantially to those of the lower horizontal element 11 of a prefabricated building unit 12, as can be seen in FIG. 3.
• the corners 13 of the slab 1 are cut so as to adapt to the particular shape of this modular construction unit 12, which essentially consists of a lower horizontal element 11 in the form of a box and of columns 14 of section in V able to be erected at each corner of this lower element 11.
• the V-shape of these columns 14 makes it possible to pass in their corner electrical circuits and pipes serving the lower or upper levels of the building (not shown) in which the construction unit 12 is intended to be integrated.
• the cut corners 13 of the slab 1 give easy access allowing the passage of these circuits and pipes, as explained below.
• the face of the mold base 2 which faces the slab 1 has a high quality of finish, which gives the corresponding face 15 of the slab 1 an immediately smooth and neat appearance. It is precisely this face 15 with a neat appearance which is used as the upper face of the floating slab 1, after turning and demolding.
• the slab 1 according to the invention intended to be put in place as a floating slab, can be manufactured in the workshop. Thanks to this prefabrication in the workshop, the organization and construction program of a building are therefore not hampered or slowed down by the duration of setting and drying of the floating slab.
• the slab 1 shown in FIG. 3 was cast to standard dimensions corresponding to those of the lower horizontal element 11 of a construction unit 12, which can represent around twenty square meters. For reasons of ease of handling, it is possible optionally to produce such a floating slab 1 from several parts 17 which are smaller and therefore more manageable (of + 6 m 2 for example).
• Fig. 4 shows in more detail a connection between two floating slabs 1 according to the invention each disposed on the lower horizontal element 11 of juxtaposed construction units 12, as shown in FIG. 3.
• a rabbet 18 is formed during molding on the periphery of the upper face 15 of each floating slab 1.
• a joint 19 in the form of a T-shaped section profile is inserted at the joint of two floating slabs 1.
• the thickness of the bar of the T corresponds to the depth of the rabbets 18 so that the top of the joint 19 comes just at the level of the upper surface of the two floating slabs 1, avoiding any apparent discontinuity.
• the seal 19 is preferably made of an elastic material with low thermal conductivity (such as a plastic), so as to avoid the creation of a sound bridge between two neighboring tiles 1.
• Fig. 5 shows an advantageous embodiment of a floating slab 1 according to the invention, which comprises heating elements 20 embedded in the mass of the slab 1.
• the underfloor heating is known to cause some problems since the installation was performed correctly.
• the heating engineers can work in optimal conditions, since they can proceed with the installation of the heating elements 20 in a particular workshop, that is to say outside of all the constraints of time and bad weather. imposed by the work on site. According to the needs, one can even envisage the installation of several heating elements 20 of different powers, the only technical constraint being being able to connect the heating elements 20 after the slab 1 has been put in place.
• connection means connections, etc.
• Fig. 6 shows in perspective a section with cutaway, of a floating slab 1, placed on the lower horizontal element 11 of a construction unit 12. We see in particular on this section the remaining parts 5, 7 of the fasteners 4 having used to maintain, before its installation, the slab 1 on the mold base 2.
• the mold base 2 having been removed, there remain on the upper face of the slab 1 small orifices which, once closed, become almost invisible.
• the tearing also allows the reinforcement elements 8, embedded in the slab 1, to be seen.
• the upper face 15 of the slab 1 has all the qualities of a finished coating (hardness, resistance to water and humidity). To improve its aesthetic qualities, it is possible, during molding, to extend and spread on the bottom of the mold 2 a layer of a mortar mixture added with a filler (dyes, decorative granules, etc.) giving the surface 15 of the molded slab 1 a decorative appearance, of the granito type for example, which makes an unnecessary additional coating.
• a filler dye, decorative granules, etc.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Architecture (AREA)
• Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Electromagnetism (AREA)
• Floor Finish (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Publications (1)

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ID=3888047

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Country Status (6)

Cited By (1)

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• 1994
  • 1994-03-18 BE BE9400296A patent/BE1008118A3/fr not_active IP Right Cessation
• 1995
  • 1995-03-17 EP EP95912097A patent/EP0750709A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 1995-03-17 WO PCT/BE1995/000024 patent/WO1995025861A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1995-03-17 AU AU19430/95A patent/AU1943095A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1995-03-17 BR BR9507132A patent/BR9507132A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1995-03-17 US US08/704,598 patent/US5845457A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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