EP0464008B1 - Modulares, mit einer Putzschicht überzogenes und mit benachbarten Elementen verbindbares Schaumstoffelement und Verfahren zum Formen einer Putzschicht und Aufbau einer Wand - Google Patents

Modulares, mit einer Putzschicht überzogenes und mit benachbarten Elementen verbindbares Schaumstoffelement und Verfahren zum Formen einer Putzschicht und Aufbau einer Wand Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0464008B1
EP0464008B1 EP91830283A EP91830283A EP0464008B1 EP 0464008 B1 EP0464008 B1 EP 0464008B1 EP 91830283 A EP91830283 A EP 91830283A EP 91830283 A EP91830283 A EP 91830283A EP 0464008 B1 EP0464008 B1 EP 0464008B1
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Prior art keywords
mortar
cement
synthetic material
external
panels
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP91830283A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0464008A1 (de
Inventor
Piero Cretti
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Plastedil SA
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Plastedil SA
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C1/00—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings
    • E04C1/40—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings built-up from parts of different materials, e.g. composed of layers of different materials or stones with filling material or with insulating inserts
    • E04C1/41—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings built-up from parts of different materials, e.g. composed of layers of different materials or stones with filling material or with insulating inserts composed of insulating material and load-bearing concrete, stone or stone-like material

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to techniques for constructing perimeter walls and partitions of buildings using modular elements of expanded synthetic material predisposed to receiving an external coating layer.
  • This invention relates in particular to a modular element of expanded synthetic material having a cement mortar coating preformed on the two external faces, the method for forming this coating and the method of erecting a wall using these panels.
  • a first problem relates to the erection procedures and in particular to the need to adequately support the structure laid to be able to proceed with the reinforcement and the pouring of the internal concrete pillars without risk of displacement of the laid panels which may be subject to high stresses or shocks.
  • Another problem relates to the predisposition of the two external faces of the panels to receive a suitable coating layer which generally consists of a layer of plaster or mortar.
  • a common solution to the first problem was that of providing stirrups or external reinforcements of the wall or walls of panels placed in a position to give the assembly sufficient stability against stresses, which are removed after the casting and the solidification of the load-bearing and connecting elements (pillars often cast at the same time as the beams and cords of the floor located above).
  • the expanded polystyrene panels are provided with metal grids or expanded sheets on the two external faces, linked together by metal tie rods which pass through the thickness of the panel.
  • the metal grid applied to the external face of the panels provides a surface perfectly suitable for the application of a layer of mortar or plaster, according to traditional techniques.
  • the presence of the metal tie rods for supporting and supporting the grids creates numerous thermal bridges between the opposite faces of the structure which partially cancel out the presence of the expanded polystyrene body with high thermal insulation.
  • the modular element of the invention comprises a self-supporting substantially parallelepiped body, of a length, height and width correctly standardized, of expanded synthetic material which is provided with a cement mortar coating. preferably reinforced by the addition of glass fibers and / or other mineral fibers or natural fibers or synthetic fibers or artificial fibers able to give the aggregate a higher mechanical resistance, obtained by sinking and shaving the pasty mixture in a "formwork" constituted by a continuous frame edge made of polystyrene capacity formed over the entire perimeter of each of the two external faces of the body of expanded synthetic material.
  • the mortar to form the covering panel can be poured, leveled and allowed to solidify first on one side and then repeat the operation on the other side of the element.
  • the perimeter bead whose width can be between 5 and 20 millimeters in practice constitutes a formwork in which it is easy to pour and shave the soft paste of the cement mortar loaded with fibers, by simply placing the elements in a horizontal position.
  • the coating layer thus formed will have a thickness equal to the elevation height of the edge perimeter with respect to the lowered level of the face of the polystyrene body, which is preformed in special molds, according to the usual techniques for molding this material.
  • Cavities are predisposed on the face to be coated with the polystyrene body, inside the perimeter edge. It is in these cavities that the filling mortar is poured, giving rise to appendages or ribs of the mortar coating panel which have the double function of mechanically reinforcing the structure and of achieving a permanent connection between the mortar coating panel and the body of expanded resin, even by making cavities with a certain undercut functionally oriented for this purpose.
  • a first appendage or rib of the mortar layer thus preformed on the face of an element develops over the entire perimeter of the coating layer without a solution of continuity, extending over a certain depth inside the resin body. expanded.
  • This first appendage or perimeter rib are connected by a series of pairs of parallel ribs, located at a distance from one another equal to twice the thickness of the perimeter edge containing expanded resin and oriented perpendicular to the length of the work and uniformly distributed along the length of the work, at intervals having a length equal to a fraction of the length, preferably equal to the standardized height and thickness of the work and equal to each other. In this way, it is possible to cut the work along a section plane between one of these pairs of parallel ribs to achieve any embedding between laid panels orthogonally to each other at the edges of the structure being assembled.
  • the thickness of the mortar covering panel formed on the opposite external faces of the body of expanded resin can be between 5 and 50 millimeters and it is this same thickness that the anchoring appendages have on average. extend inside the body of expanded resin to a depth which can vary from one to three times the average thickness of these appendages. If they are adequately sized, these covering structures thus preformed on the two external faces of each element are able to give the work an intrinsic mechanical robustness and a "specific weight" capable of imparting to a wall or to a wall constructed with these elements of bearing capacities which can be compared to that of structures made of bricks according to traditional techniques, even without the formation of internal pillars. This is obtained by "uniting" between them the various failure of the preformed coating during the finishing phase of the wall laid, according to the method of the invention.
  • the method of the invention consists in approaching and laying in an adjacent position the modular elements which, by their characteristics of robustness and weight conferred by the two opposite panels of coating mortar, do not require the use of temporary support structures and stabilization and, after completing the erection by consuming the expanded resin of the frame edges along all the lines of separation between the adjacent mortar cladding panels using a torch or the like localized application of heat over a sufficient depth.
  • cavities (leaks) thus formed on the facade are then filled with cement mortar, to which we will preferably have added reinforcing fibers, glass or another suitable material, of the same type as that which was used to form the structures or cladding panels of the external surface of the modular elements so that all the preformed cladding panels are securely joined together, forming a continuous facade which assumes intrinsic bearing characteristics due to the nature of the mortar used, to the thickness of the preformed covering layer and the presence of the anchoring ribs in the central body of expanded resin which are functionally oriented in order to provide a particularly developed bearing section, and to the continuity acquired by this external covering structure when filling and shaving specially formed "leaks" between the covering panels preformed on the face of the modular elements.
  • Fig. 1 schematically shows a preformed central body 1 of expanded resin of a modular element of the invention.
  • This body 1 of expanded resin can be produced by applying any technique for forming these products.
  • the material preferably used is expanded polystyrene and a particularly suitable production technique is the profiling of a mold of the module obtained by filling the internal volume of the mold using small balls of pre-expanded polystyrene having a density between 15 and 60 kg / m3 and by introducing steam into the mold to completely expand the resin which fills all the interstices of the mold. After cooling, a vacuum can be created to stabilize the work which is finally extracted from the mold.
  • the module thus formed in standard length has a height and a thickness normally equal to each other and is provided with a series of holes 2 and 3 which cross the body in the direction of the height of the latter at regular intervals along the length of the module so that they are modularly superimposable on each other during the erection of a wall so that they can be used to make the reinforcement, the internal pillars and the vertical pipes.
  • a series of holes 2 and 3 which cross the body in the direction of the height of the latter at regular intervals along the length of the module so that they are modularly superimposable on each other during the erection of a wall so that they can be used to make the reinforcement, the internal pillars and the vertical pipes.
  • the opposite upper and lower faces of the expanded resin module are respectively provided with raised parts 4 and depressions 5, at least around the perimeter of the holes, to make the labyrinths during the laying of a module on the other necessary for the capacity of the castings and for constituting embedding elements which ensure self-centering and the connection of the modules to each other during installation.
  • each preformed expanded resin module 1 are provided with a continuous frame edge 6 over the entire perimeter of the face.
  • This frame edge has a certain height which is normally between 5 and 50 millimeters but which can also be greater and starts from the lowered level of the face of the preformed body of expanded resin 1.
  • the thickness of this perimeter edge 6 is preferably between 5 and 20 millimeters.
  • At the base of the internal side of this perimeter edge 6 is also a continuous cavity having a width substantially identical to the height of the edge 6 and a depth which can be equal to two or more times the width. This perimeter cavity is also devoid of discontinuity over the entire perimeter of the lowered face delimited by the edge 6.
  • pairs of furrows 8 parallel to each other which converge at their end in the perimeter cavity or furrow 7.
  • the grooves 8 of these pairs also have a width and a depth equal to the width and the depth of the groove or perimeter cavity 7.
  • the same configuration of edge, perimeter cavity and pairs of grooves 8 is exactly repeated on the opposite external face of the module 1 (which in the perspective view of FIG. 1 represents the bearing face of the part).
  • the frame edge 6 constitutes a real "formwork" which makes it possible to pour on the lowered face and provided with grooves of the preformed body of expanded resin 1 a soft paste of cement mortar formed by sand, cement, plasticizing additives and preferably containing a certain quantity of reinforcing fibers of glass wool or other inert fibrous material.
  • the dough also fills the cavities 7 and 8 and can easily be shaved so as to give a perfectly flat and leveled surface, being at the same level as the upper edge of the frame edge 6 of expanded resin.
  • this same process can be repeated on the opposite face of the expanded resin body 1 so as to place cement mortar on the two external faces of the preformed coating module.
  • special equipment it is not necessary to wait for the solidification of the material cast on one side before applying the coating on the opposite side.
  • the shaping of cladding panels on the faces of the modular elements is an operation which can advantageously also take place at the building construction site. In this way, the transport costs can be significantly reduced compared to the case of transporting elements already pre-coated.
  • the two faces of the composite modular element which are obtained are shown in sectional views, orthogonal to one another, in FIGS. 2 and 3.
  • the central body of expanded resin 1 is associated with two structures or external covering panels preformed on the two opposite faces of the modular element and respectively indicated by n. 9 and 10.
  • These external coating structures are contained inside the frame edge 6 of expanded resin which served as formwork for casting and for shaving the coating material.
  • This enlarged partial view also illustrates by means of lines and lines the way in which a modular modular element of the invention can be cut to adapt it to the laying requirements, while maintaining the configuration of the element itself functionally intact. cutting level.
  • the cut is made by milling using an abrasive disc the portion F of the cement mortar coating 9 (or 10) over a length of about 20 millimeters along the midline between the two parallel ribs 11 which generally have a gap of 30 to 50 millimeters, then repeating the same operation on the opposite face of the modular element and cutting with a hot wire instrument the expanded polystyrene body along the plane of the line indicated by the lines T.
  • the two cutting faces retain a configuration similar to one of the two ends of the element. In this way, it is possible to shorten a modular element, at least for whole multiples of a certain modular dimension which, as described before, is normally equal to the height and width of the element, to satisfy the major part of necessities during installation.
  • Figs. 5 and 6 illustrate a specific alternative embodiment of the invention adapted to the latter case, in which the modular element is provided with metal tie rods connecting two preformed covering panels on the opposite faces of the element.
  • the modular element is composed of two separate bodies or plates 1 and 1 'of expanded resin on the respective external faces which make up the perimeter edge 6, 6', the perimeter cavity 7, 7 ', and the pairs of transverse grooves 8 (visible in the side view of Fig.
  • niches 13 are also formed during the phase of molding the sheets.
  • the bottom of these niches is provided with a small loop 14 which passes through the thickness of the plate. Through these loops pass the ends of rings of galvanized steel wire 12 so that the diametrically opposite sides or ends of the rings of steel wire emerge from the bottom of the cavities 13 distributed on the face of each of the plates expanded resin preforms 1 and 1 '.
  • the two sheets of expanded resin 1 and 1 ′ are suitably supported one parallel to the other so as to ensure a certain separation distance between the faces respective internal during the phases of formation of the covering panels according to the invention, and the cement mortar is then poured and shaved as already described above, to produce the two preformed covering panels on the opposite faces of the composite modular element.
  • the cement mortar panel thus formed encompasses the ends of the metal rings 12 which emerge through the loops 14 from the bottom of the niches 13 of the external plane of each expanded resin plate so that the assembly is connected by means of the set of metal rings 12 which connect the two opposite panels of mortar covering formed on the external face of the two sheets of expanded resin.
  • the composite elements thus produced can be installed without the need for recourse to support brackets, in a manner completely analogous to the modular elements already described above.
  • filling concrete can be poured into the continuous chamber delimited by the opposite internal faces of the expanded resin plates 1 and 1 ′ by producing the continuous concrete structure.
  • the cladding panels preformed on both sides of the modular elements can be united according to the method of the invention to form continuous facades ready to receive the possible finishing treatment.
  • Fig. 7 schematically illustrates a wall produced by fitting modular elements of the invention as described above, by cutting the custom elements where necessary to form the edges of the structure under construction.
  • the intrinsic robustness of the modular elements and their "weight" allow build a wall without using temporary stability brackets, which saves a lot of labor.
  • FIG. 8 The series of Figs. 8, 9 and 10 'schematically illustrates the method of the invention for permanently connecting the structures together or the preformed cladding panels of the various modular elements which make up a wall or a partition.
  • FIG. 8 along a junction line between two adjacent elements, the two frame edges 6 of the respective elements are on the face. Until this time of installation, they separate between them the various cement mortar panels 9 of preformed coating on the faces of the modular elements.
  • the fitter Using a torch or similar localized heat distribution device, the fitter "consumes" the expanded resin from the edges 6 until the front of the resin stops for a certain distance along the sides thus uncovered perimeter ribs 11 of the adjacent coverings.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Finishing Walls (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
  • Panels For Use In Building Construction (AREA)
  • Forms Removed On Construction Sites Or Auxiliary Members Thereof (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Verbundmodulelement, umfassend mindestens einen etwa quaderförmigen Körper (1) genormter Länge aus expandiertem Kunststoff zum Errichten von Mauern und Trennwänden, wobei das Element eine vorgeformte Verblendungstafel (9,10) aus Zementmörtel auf zumindest einer seiner einander abgewandten Außenseiten aufweist,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet daß:
    die Verblendungstafel (9,10) aus Zementmörtel im Inneren eines Umfangsrahmens (6) aufgenommen ist, der durchgehend mit dem expandierten Kunststoff entlang dem Umfang der Außenseite ausgebildet ist;
    die Verblendungstafel (9,10) aus Zementmörtel mit einer Reihe von Verankerungsfortsätzen (11) zur Verankerung an dem Körper aus expandiertem Kunststoff ausgestattet ist, welche über die gesamte genormte Länge des Elements gleichförmig in Intervallen verteilt sind, welche einen bestimmten Bruchteil der genormten Länge entsprechen;
    der expandierte Kunststoff des Umrandungsrahmens (6) der Außenflächen des Modulelements durch lokales Aufbringen von Wärme bis zu einer Tiefe verbrauchbar ist, die ausreicht, eine Ausnehmung entlang einer Verbindungslinie zwischen zwei beliebigen Modulelementen zu schaffen, wobei die Ausnehmung mit Zementmörtel auffüllbar und egalisierbar ist, um eine dauerhafte Vereinigung zwischen zwei der vorgeformten Verblendungsplatten zu schaffen und eine durchgehende Zementmörtelfassade zu bilden.
  2. Verbundmodulelement nach Anspruch 1,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    daß die Verankerungsfortsätze (11) an dem expandierten Kunststoffkörper eine in einer Umfangsnut (7) ausgebildete durchgehende Umfangsrippe aus dem gleichen Zementmörtel wie die Verblendungstafel aufweisen, welche sich etwa unter einem rechten Winkel bis zu einer gewissen Tiefe in das Innere des expandierten Kunststoffkörpers erstreckt, sowie eine Anordnung von aus ebenfalls Zementmörtel bestehenden Doppelrippen aufweisen, die zueinander parallel und senkrecht zur Längsrichtung des Elements in einem Paar paralleler Nuten (8) ausgebildet sind, verteilt in Intervallen mit einer Länge, die dem vorgenannten Bruchteil der genormten Länge entspricht, wobei die Doppelrippen sich ebenfalls bis zu der vorgenannten Tiefe in das Innere des expandierten Kunststoffkörpers hinein erstrecken.
  3. Verbundmodulelement nach Anspruch 1,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    daß der expandierte Kunststoffkörper (1) mit in Höhenrichtung des Elements verlaufenden Löchern ausgestattet ist, welche Bewehrungsgitter und den anschließenden Betonguß aufzunehmen vermögen, um Teile im Inneren der Mauer oder der Trennwand zu realisieren.
  4. Modulelement nach Anspruch 1,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    daß der expandierte Kunststoff, der durch Aufbringen lokaler Wärme verbrauchbar ist, Polystyrol ist.
  5. Verbundmodulelement nach Anspruch 1,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    daß die Verblendungstafeln (9) aus Zementmörtel auf den zwei einander abgewandten Außenseiten des Verbundelements vorgeformt sind und mechanisch durch eine Reihe von Metallringen (12) verbunden sind, von denen zwei sich diametral gegenüberliegende Umfangsenden oder -bögen in dem Zementmörtel der Verblendungstafeln (9) eingebettet sind, die auf den zwei äußeren einander abgewandten Seiten des Verbundmodulelements ausgebildet sind.
  6. Verbundmodulelement nach Anspruch 1,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    daß die auf zumindest einer Außenseite des Elements vorgeformte Verblendungstafel (9) aus Zementmörtel einen Querschnitt aufweist, dessen Abmessungen ausreichen, um eine gewisse Tragfähigkeit der Mauer oder Trennwand zu gewährleisten, die die vorerwähnte durchgehende Fassade aus Zementmörtel aufweist, welche sich aus den vorerwähnten Tafeln zusammensetzt, welche mit Zementmörtel entlang den Verbindungslinien zusammengefügt sind.
  7. Verbundmodulelement nach Anspruch 1,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    daß der vorerwähnte Zementmörtel verstärkt ist, indem der Masse Verstärkungsfasern hinzugegeben sind, die zu der Gruppe gehören, welche sich aus Glasfasern, Mineralfasern, Naturfasern, Kunstfasern und Synthetikfasern zusammensetzt.
  8. Modulelement nach Anspruch 1,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    daß eine erste Außenseite des Elements mit der vorgeformten Verblendungstafel (9) aus Zementmörtel ausgestattet ist, während die andere Seite des Modulelements mit einer aus Gipsmörtel vorgeformten Verblendungstafel ausgestattet ist.
  9. Verfahren zum Errichten einer Mauer oder einer Trennwand mit durchgehenden Außenflächen aus einem gewissen Mörteltyp, die in der Lage sind, einen Verputz oder eine Endbehandlung aufzunehmen, indem Modulelemente (1) aus expandiertem Kunststoff gemäß Anspruch 1 verwendet werden, die eines neben dem anderen angekoppelt oder angeordnet werden können, um die Mauer oder Trennwand zu bilden,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    daß es aufweist:
    Zustellen und Setzen der Modulelemente (1) aus expandiertem Kunststoff eines neben dem anderen, wobei jedes der Elemente eine vorgeformte Verblendungstafel (9) aus Zementmörtel auf den beiden einander abgewandten Außenseiten aufweist, die im Inneren eines Umrandungsrahmens (6) enthalten ist, welcher durchgehend mit dem vorgenannten expandierten Kunststoff (1) über den gesamten Umfang jeder der zwei Außenseiten ausgebildet ist;
    lokales Aufbringen von Wärme entlang der Verbindungslinie zwischen den zur Verbindung gelangenden Seiten der eines neben dem anderen zugestellten und gesetzten Modulelemente, um den expandierten Kunststoff der durchgehenden Umfangsrahmen bis zu einer Tiefe zu verbrauchen, die ausreicht, um eine Ausnehmung (15) entlang der Verbindungslinie zwischen den Modulelementen zu erzeugen;
    Ausfüllen der Ausnehmung (15) mit Hilfe von Mörtel, welcher demjenigen Mörtel ähnelt, der zur Bildung der Tafeln verwendet wurde, und Glätten des Mörtels, um zwischen den vorgeformten Verblendungstafeln (9) eine dauerhafte Verbindung zu schaffen und so die durchgehende Mörtelfläche zu bilden.
  10. Verfahren nach Anspruch 7,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    daß der durch Aufbringung lokalisierter Wärme verbrauchbare expandierte Kunststoff Polystyrol ist.
EP91830283A 1990-06-25 1991-06-25 Modulares, mit einer Putzschicht überzogenes und mit benachbarten Elementen verbindbares Schaumstoffelement und Verfahren zum Formen einer Putzschicht und Aufbau einer Wand Expired - Lifetime EP0464008B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT8362490 1990-06-25
IT08362490A IT1246249B (it) 1990-06-25 1990-06-25 Elemento modulare di materiale sintetico espanso prerivestito con strato di malta unibile dopo la posa con lo strato di rivestimento degli elementi adiacenti,procedimento per formare detto rivestimento emetodo di erezione

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Publication Number Publication Date
EP0464008A1 EP0464008A1 (de) 1992-01-02
EP0464008B1 true EP0464008B1 (de) 1995-02-01

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EP (1) EP0464008B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE118056T1 (de)
DE (1) DE69107129T2 (de)
IT (1) IT1246249B (de)

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US7666258B2 (en) 2005-02-25 2010-02-23 Nova Chemicals Inc. Lightweight compositions and articles containing such
US7677009B2 (en) 2007-02-02 2010-03-16 Nova Chemicals Inc. Roof truss system
US7699929B2 (en) 2005-03-22 2010-04-20 Nova Chemicals Inc. Lightweight concrete compositions
US7790302B2 (en) 2005-02-25 2010-09-07 Nova Chemicals Inc. Lightweight compositions and articles containing such
US7963080B1 (en) 2005-02-25 2011-06-21 Nova Chemicals Inc. Composite pre-formed construction articles
US8048219B2 (en) 2007-09-20 2011-11-01 Nova Chemicals Inc. Method of placing concrete

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DE102006002826B4 (de) * 2005-07-21 2008-07-10 Deutsche Rockwool Mineralwoll Gmbh & Co. Ohg Verfahren zur Herstellung von Mauersteinen sowie mit dem Verfahren hergestellter Mauerstein
GB201208358D0 (en) * 2012-05-14 2012-06-27 Ultraframe Uk Ltd Construction block and construction block assembly
CN104878870A (zh) * 2015-05-22 2015-09-02 中国十七冶集团有限公司 一种带有凹凸面免界面剂及制作砂浆厚度控制点的砌块

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US3775240A (en) * 1970-11-27 1973-11-27 Heckinger And Ass Inc Structural building module
CA937149A (en) * 1971-06-22 1973-11-20 P. Winters Lorne Insulating structural panel
FR2314324A1 (fr) * 1975-06-09 1977-01-07 Clavier Andre Nouveau type de blocs assemblables pour construction d'habitations et procede de construction en faisant usage
US4614071A (en) * 1983-11-16 1986-09-30 Sams Carl R Building blocks
DE3610030C1 (de) * 1986-03-25 1987-02-05 Rapp Albert Bruno Bauelement fuer Hochbauwerke

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7666258B2 (en) 2005-02-25 2010-02-23 Nova Chemicals Inc. Lightweight compositions and articles containing such
US7790302B2 (en) 2005-02-25 2010-09-07 Nova Chemicals Inc. Lightweight compositions and articles containing such
US7963080B1 (en) 2005-02-25 2011-06-21 Nova Chemicals Inc. Composite pre-formed construction articles
US7964272B2 (en) 2005-02-25 2011-06-21 Nova Chemicals Inc. Lightweight compositions and articles containing such
US8726594B2 (en) 2005-02-25 2014-05-20 Syntheon Inc. Composite pre-formed building panels
US8752348B2 (en) 2005-02-25 2014-06-17 Syntheon Inc. Composite pre-formed construction articles
US7699929B2 (en) 2005-03-22 2010-04-20 Nova Chemicals Inc. Lightweight concrete compositions
USRE43253E1 (en) 2005-03-22 2012-03-20 Nova Chemicals Inc. Lightweight concrete compositions
US7677009B2 (en) 2007-02-02 2010-03-16 Nova Chemicals Inc. Roof truss system
US8048219B2 (en) 2007-09-20 2011-11-01 Nova Chemicals Inc. Method of placing concrete

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Publication number Publication date
IT1246249B (it) 1994-11-17
IT9083624A0 (it) 1990-06-25
EP0464008A1 (de) 1992-01-02
IT9083624A1 (it) 1991-12-25
DE69107129T2 (de) 1995-06-08
DE69107129D1 (de) 1995-03-16
ATE118056T1 (de) 1995-02-15

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