Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
  • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
  • B22D41/00—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
  • B22D41/50—Pouring-nozzles
  • B22D41/56—Means for supporting, manipulating or changing a pouring-nozzle
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
  • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
  • B22D41/00—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
  • B22D41/50—Pouring-nozzles

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a device for controlling the flow of liquid steel between a ladle and a continuous casting distributor able to contain a bath of molten steel, said ladle being able to contain and transport a quantity of molten steel between a remote site and a continuous casting floor, said ladle being provided with a pouring orifice which makes it possible to transfer the liquid steel into the distributor, this pouring orifice being surrounded by a fixed upper plate, a device comprising a frame linked to the pocket and comprising guide means; a plate capable of moving on the guide means and of closing the pouring orifice; the device further including means for pressurizing this plate; means for protecting the jet of liquid steel during its passage from the pocket to the distributor, these means comprising in particular a jet protection tube intended to be placed in the extension of the pouring orifice and which has a lower end intended to be immersed in the bath of liquid steel contained in the distributor.
• It also relates to a method for controlling the flow of liquid steel between a ladle and a continuous casting distributor able to contain a bath of molten steel, said ladle being able to contain and transport a quantity of molten steel between a site. remote and a continuous casting floor, said ladle being provided with a pouring orifice which makes it possible to transfer the liquid steel into the distributor, this pouring orifice being surrounded by a fixed upper plate.
• the pocket is generally equipped with a slide valve capable of generally receiving two refractory plates each pierced with an orifice.
• One of these plates (the upper plate) is fixed. It is connected to an internal nozzle placed in the pouring orifice of the bag.
• the other plate (the lower plate) is movable relative to the fixed plate.
• the pouring orifice is completely closed.
• the orifices of the refractory plates overlap more or less, the flow of steel is throttled, which makes it possible to regulate its flow.
• the pocket is empty. We equip it with a drawer that we close.
• the steel bag is then filled and, after various processing operations, it is transported to the continuous casting floor.
• a common practice is to place the full pocket on a turnstile which rotates half a turn to bring the pocket above the dispatcher.
• a commonly used method consists in extending the pouring orifice of the ladle by a revised jet protection tube made of a refractory material. The end of this tube plunges into the steel bath contained in the distributor so as to ensure a sealed channel between the pocket and the distributor.
• This jet protection tube is generally mounted on a nozzle, called a collecting nozzle, integral with the movable plate of the pocket shutter valve.
• the jet protection tube must generally be put in place at the very place of pouring, that is to say when the bag is placed above the continuous casting distributor. Indeed, it is rarely possible to equip the bag with the jet protection tube before it is brought to the casting site because existing workshops generally do not have sufficient clearance under the bag to accommodate such a tube on the equipment. where the bag must reside or be transported before casting, for example the oven, the treatment in bags, the transfer carts.
• the first two functions are fulfilled by the pocket drawer, and the third by the jet protection tube.
• the drawer When the bag is empty, the drawer is closed and the jet protection tube is removed. The drive means of the drawer (cylinders) are disconnected. The pocket is taken to a workshop where the wear of the refractories of the drawer is checked. These refractories are changed if their wear has been observed.
• a conventional continuous casting installation as just described has a number of drawbacks.
• the seal between the collecting spout of the pocket drawer and the jet protection tube is made on site, on the casting floor, in unfavorable conditions. It therefore does not ensure a good seal.
• This joint has no mechanical strength. It is therefore necessary to provide a means for keeping the jet protection tube applied against the collecting nozzle. This is generally achieved by means of a manipulator which comprises a collar which supports the head of the jet protection tube and which applies it to the collecting nozzle.
• a manipulator which comprises a collar which supports the head of the jet protection tube and which applies it to the collecting nozzle.
• the inertia of the manipulator which is added to that of the tube and to the hydrodynamic resistance of the liquid steel in which the lower end plunges jet protection tube, creates mechanical stresses on the junction between the collecting nozzle and the jet protection tube. These stresses aggravate the problems of tightness and resistance of the seal over time.
• the refractory plates of the drawer wear out relatively quickly because they constantly rub against each other for the duration of the casting in the presence of steel. They must therefore be changed frequently. The duration which is necessary for this change is variable according to the difficulty of the operations to be carried out. This consequently results in irregularities in the cycle of rotation of the bag. These irregularities disturb the organization of the continuous casting sequences. For example, if we find that the change of the refractory plates of the drawer will take too long, we can decide to use a reserve pocket. The operation of the installation requires the availability of reserve pockets.
• the present invention specifically relates to a device for controlling the flow of liquid steel for a ladle which overcomes these drawbacks.
• the plate capable of closing the pouring orifice is a closing plate intended solely for closing the pouring orifice
• the jet protection tube is formed into a solid and rigid assembly with a plate; this assembly being able to be received and to move on the guide means to come opposite the pouring orifice to replace the closing plate which is pushed; pressurizing means being provided to keep the plate of the plate / jet protection tube assembly applied with sealing against the fixed upper plate.
• the jet protection plate and tube are produced in a solid assembly.
• This assembly can be produced in a single piece. It can also consist of an assembly of several parts forming a rigid assembly. We therefore remove a connection between a tube and a collecting nozzle. Furthermore, it is not necessary to support the jet protection tube by means of a manipulator since the latter forms one with the plate a monobloc assembly which is retained in the guide means linked to the pocket.
• Verification of refractories is simplified because the bottom plate is disassembled and visible after each pour.
• the device further comprises a manipulator independent of the pocket and located in a position linked to the continuous casting floor, this manipulator comprising at least two actuation means, for example jacks, a first actuation means making it possible to bring and / or remove the plate / tube assembly to the entry of the guide means, and a second actuating means which makes it possible to introduce the closure plate and / or the plate of the plate / jet protection tube assembly into the guide means of the frame and to push the plate of the plate / tube assembly opposite the pouring orifice so that it pushes the closure plate or vice versa.
• actuation means for example jacks
• a first actuation means making it possible to bring and / or remove the plate / tube assembly to the entry of the guide means
• a second actuating means which makes it possible to introduce the closure plate and / or the plate of the plate / jet protection tube assembly into the guide means of the frame and to push the plate of the plate / tube assembly opposite the pouring orifice so that it pushe
• the second actuating means consists of a fork formed by two fingers, a first finger which allows the plate / tube assembly and the closure plate to be pushed, and a second finger which makes it possible to exert an action. reciprocal to bring the closure plate and the plate / tube assembly opposite the fixed plate.
• Preferably said first finger is able to support the plate / tube assembly.
• the manipulator comprises a guide and the frame a counter guide in which the guide of the manipulator engages to adjust the position of the manipulator relative to the frame.
• the guide and the counter guide also make it possible to make internal to the device the forces exerted by the actuating means and the reaction forces which they cause. These forces cancel each other out respectively.
• closure plate and / or the jet protection tube plate assembly can be placed in a support which comprises said pressurizing means.
• the means for regulating the flow of liquid steel from the continuous casting ladle to the distributor consist of means for constricting the passage section offered to the liquid steel at the lower end of the tube. jet protection intended to be immersed in the bath of liquid steel contained in the distributor.
• the throttling of the flow of liquid steel that is to say the area of the pouring channel where the passage section is reduced to regulate the flow, is located upstream of the tube. spray protection.
• the venturi the interior of the jet protection tube is in depression relative to the atmosphere. It follows that the slightest leak in the channel downstream of the constriction results in an air intake which leads to the degradation of the quality of the steel.
• the pouring channel is in overpressure with respect to the atmosphere and the phenomenon of venturi is eliminated. This removes radically the previously observed phenomena of air suction and this even in the case where the flow channel is not airtight. As a result, the quality of steel is significantly improved.
• the plate of the plate / tube assembly is in a fixed position. It does not wear out.
• the verification of the refractories can be reduced to a simple operation of language, that is to say of cleaning the taphole using an oxygen lance. This operation can be automated, which removes a tedious task of checking refractories. As a result of this simplification of the verification of the refractories the duration of the cycle is reduced and above all the cycle is made more regular, which simplifies the problems of organization of the continuous casting.
• the means for constricting the passage section offered to the liquid steel comprise a refractory brick secured to the distributor, located opposite an orifice of the jet protection tube, regulating the flow liquid steel being obtained by varying the position of the pocket relative to that of the distributor and / or by varying the position of the distributor relative to that of the pocket.
• the jet protection tube is extended by a sleeve coaxial with the tube and sliding with hard friction on this tube so as to provide security if the distance between the continuous ladle and the distributor was accidentally reduced.
• the means for constricting the passage section offered to the liquid steel consist at least of a refractory brick which is movable opposite at least one outlet orifice for the liquid steel provided at the bottom of the spray protection tube.
• several orifices are provided in the lower part of the jet protection tube, these orifices being regularly spaced from each other, and the means for constricting the passage section offered to the liquid steel are actuated symmetrically to do not create a lateral reaction force on the end of the tube.
• the jet protection tube has at least one lateral orifice at its lower part and in that the regulation of the flow of the liquid steel is obtained by a sleeve coaxial with the jet protection tube, movable in translation along the jet protection tube and / or mobile in rotation around this tube.
• the cuff comprises at least one orifice making it possible to regulate the flow of the liquid steel, the lower edge of this orifice being located higher than the lower edge of the orifice.
• the access opening of the closure plate is located between the plate of the plate / jet protection tube assembly and the closure zone of the closure plate when said closure plate and said plate are engaged. in the guide means, this position of the access opening being intended to reduce the distance necessary to pass from the position in which the access opening is opposite the tap hole to the position in which the tube jet protection is next to this hole of casting.
• said first finger is able to support the plate / tube assembly.
• a closure plate capable of closing the pouring orifice in guide means linked to the pocket; - This closure plate is pushed opposite the fixed upper plate while applying it sealingly against this fixed upper plate; the ladle is filled with liquid steel; the ladle is brought to the continuous casting floor; a jet protection plate / tube assembly independent of the pocket is introduced into the guide means on the continuous casting floor; the plate / jet protection tube assembly is pushed, which drives out the closure plate, while applying it sealingly against the fixed upper plate.
• the closure plate is again pushed opposite the fixed upper plate while applying it tightly against this fixed upper plate, which closes the pouring opening and simultaneously releases the plate / jet protection tube assembly.
• the jet protection tube plate assembly is put into place in the guide means of the frame by means of a manipulator independent of the pocket and situated in a position linked to the casting site, the plate is moved. closing and / or the jet protection tube plate assembly by means of actuation linked to this manipulator.
• the function of regulating the flow of the liquid steel is ensured independently of the function of closing the pouring orifice by means of the closure plate linked to the pocket.
• the flow of the liquid steel is regulated by more or less closing an orifice situated at the end of the jet protection tube immersed in the bath of liquid steel contained in the distributor.
• the opening located at the end of the jet protection tube is more or less closed by varying the position of the bag relative to that of the distributor and / or by varying the position of the distributor relative to the position of the poached.
• FIG. 1 is a simplified overall view of a device for controlling the flow of liquid steel according to the invention
• Figures 2 to 4 illustrate the different steps of the method for controlling the flow of liquid steel according to the present invention
• Figure 5 is a more detailed sectional view, on an enlarged scale, of the steel flow control device shown in Figures 1 to 4
• - Figure 5a is a cross-sectional view of the device of Figure 5
• Figure 6 is a top view of the device shown in Figure 5, the manipulator being spaced from the frame
• Figure 7 is a view identical to Figure 6, the manipulator being attached to the frame
• - Figure 8 is a view identical to Figures 6 and 7, the closure plate and the plate / jet protection tube assembly having been moved
• Figures 9 to 14 are alternative embodiments of the means for regulating the flow of steel.
• FIG. 1 shows an overall view of the device for controlling the flow of liquid steel between a pocket 1 and a distributor 8.
• the pocket 1 comprises a metal casing covered with a refractory coating 1b. She is able to contain a quantity of liquid steel 5.
• An internal nozzle 7 passes through the refractory lining 1b.
• the nozzle 7 defines a tap hole 2 which allows the passage of the liquid steel.
• the taphole is surrounded by a fixed refractory plate 30, the underside of which defines a flat sliding surface.
• the internal nozzle 7 and the fixed plate 30 can be made in one piece, that is to say pressed in a single operation.
• the steel flow control device comprises a plate / jet protection tube assembly 4, 34 intended to ensure the protection of the liquid steel in particular against the oxygen of the air during its transfer from the pocket 1 towards the distributor 8.
• the jet protection tube 4 is located in the extension of the pouring orifice 2. It has a lower end 4a intended to be immersed in a bath of liquid steel 6 contained in the distributor 8.
• the plate 34 can slide on the fixed plate 30. It is introduced into guide means (not shown in Figure 1) which will be described later. It can also be applied against the fixed plate 30 so as to form a sealed connection between these two plates by means of pressurization (not shown in FIG. 1) which will also be described later.
• the jet protection tube 4 and the plate 34 can be produced in a monobloc assembly (pressed in a single operation) or consist of two assembled parts. However, in all cases, they constitute a rigid and non-deformable assembly.
• the connection between the tube 4 and the plate 34 is capable of transmitting a significant mechanical force. This is the reason why, according to the present invention, it is not necessary to support the jet protection tube by means of a manipulator. In fact, the connection of the tube to the plate has sufficient mechanical strength for the forces communicated to the plate 34 to be transmitted directly to the jet protection tube 4.
• FIG. 1 also shows the closing plate 3.
• This plate has a solid area called the closing area 32a.
• the closing area 32a when it is placed opposite the pouring orifice 2, enables the pocket 1 to be sealed off.
• the closure plate 3 is used in particular when the pocket transports steel from one site to another.
• the closure plate 3 also includes an access hole 36, extended by a nozzle in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1. The function of this access hole 36 will be described with reference to FIGS. 2 to 4.
• the closure plate 3 is not part of the means for protecting the jet of liquid steel against air. This constitutes a difference with the previously known devices using a drawer with two and more rarely three plates. In fact, in these devices, the plates of the drawer are located on the path of the steel. They are said to "see” steel. These plates rub against each other during the regulation of the casting. Consequently, they wear out. On the contrary, according to the present invention, the closure plate 3 is placed in position opposite the pouring orifice 2 when the bag is closed and then moved away from this position when the plate assembly is put in place. / spray protection tube. It is therefore not subject to permanent wear.
• FIGS. 2 to 4 show the successive stages of the method for controlling the flow of liquid steel of the invention for a device such as that which has been represented in FIG. 1.
• the pocket is first closed by the introduction of the closure plate 3 into guide means linked to the bag on a site remote from the continuous casting floor, for example a converter or an electric oven.
• the ladle is filled with steel and then it is transported to the continuous casting floor. It is placed above a distributor 8, as shown in FIG. 2.
• the jet protection plate / tube assembly 4, 34 is brought horizontally due to the insufficient space which exists between the pocket and the distributor. .
• the tube is gradually straightened to bring the plate 34 into the guide means linked to the pocket 1, while the lower end 4a of the tube 4 is immersed in the liquid metal bath 6 of the distributor 8.
• the plate is then pushed 34 opposite the pouring orifice 2, which drives the closure plate 3 (position shown in Figure 3). If the opening operation has taken place properly, the casting continues from the position shown in Figure 3. If on the contrary, as happens from time to time, the steel has frozen in the orifice pouring 2, it is necessary to return to the position shown in FIG. 4. In this position the access hole 36 makes it possible to introduce an oxygen lance into the pouring orifice 2 in order to unblock it. When the liquid steel begins to flow, the lance is withdrawn and the plate 34 is again pushed into the position shown in FIG. 3 without depositing the jet protection tube.
• the access orifice 36 is disposed on the side of the movable plate 3 which is in contact with the plate 34.
• the access orifice is disposed between the solid obturation area 32a of the plate 3 and the plate 34. In this way the path between the access orifice 36 and the tube 4 is as short as possible.
• This arrangement makes it possible to prevent the liquid metal from freezing in the pouring orifice at the time of opening.
• the time required to move from one position to another is very short, on the order of one to two seconds.
• the obstruction of the pouring orifice occurs mainly at the start of casting, while the pouring channel is still cold.
• the currently known devices require a delay of ten seconds between the time when one passes from the unblocking orifice to the establishment of the pouring tube. This too long delay causes the metal to freeze in the pouring orifice.
• jet protection tube 34 of the jet protection tube is advantageously provided so as to have no gaps in order to ensure a complete seal between the two plates for change from one to the other.
• FIG. 5 shows a more detailed view, on an enlarged scale, of the device for controlling the flow of liquid steel represented in FIGS. 1 to 4.
• the frame 15 is fixed under a base plate 17 integral with the pocket of casting 1.
• the frame 15 comprises guide means, constituted for example by a slide or rails, which make it possible to receive both the closure plate 3 and the plate 4 of the plate / jet protection tube assembly.
• the closure plate 3 is housed in a support 27 which includes pressurizing means (not shown in FIG. 5) which make it possible to apply it in sealed manner against the fixed plate 30.
• the plate 34 is mounted in a support 29 which includes pressurizing means (not shown in FIG.
• FIG. 5 also shows the cross section of the fingers 40 of a manipulator which will be described in more detail with reference to FIGS. 6 to 8.
• One of these fingers 40 (on the right in FIG. 5) is pierced with an orifice to receive an axis 42 secured to the support 29 of the plate / jet protection tube assembly.
• the axis 42 thus makes it possible to fix the plate / jet protection tube assembly on the finger of this manipulator.
• the axis 42 also makes it possible to remove the support 29 from the frame.
• FIG. 5a shows a cross-sectional view of the device.
• the frame 15 comprises rails 15a on which slides the support 29 of the tube and of the plate 34.
• the springs 50 push on pads 51 which are applied to the rails 15a.
• the action of the springs 50 pushes the plate 34 upwards against the fixed plate 30.
• the entry of the guide rails 15a is inclined so that the springs 50 are relaxed when the support 29 is presented at the entry of these rails .
• the springs are compressed progressively as the plate / tube assembly is pushed towards the fixed plate 30.
• the pressurization of the plate 34 is thus carried out gradually.
• the pressure reached is sufficient to ensure sealing when the plate 34 (or the plate 3) comes opposite the pouring orifice 2.
• FIG. 6 shows a top view of the device of the invention.
• the manipulator designated as a whole by the general reference 44 comprises a jack body 46 which slides on the jack rod 48, the two ends of which are fixed to the manipulator 44.
• the jack constitutes the second actuation means.
• the cylinder body 46 supports the two fingers 40 which have been described above. These fingers act as forks to push the plates 3 and 34 in one direction or the other.
• the support 29, shown in plan in FIG. 6 is articulated around the axis 42 of masters so that the tube can be presented in a horizontal position when it is inserted between the pocket and the distributor, as described above. .
• the support 29 includes springs 50 which constitute the means for pressurizing the plate 34.
• the manipulator 44 is shown in the position away from the pocket 1. It can be brought closer to this pocket thanks to the first actuation means (not shown), for example jacks.
• the guide 52 secured to the manipulator 44 cooperates with a counter guide 54 secured to the frame 15. These two guides make it possible to automatically adjust the position of the manipulator relative to the pocket. When the manipulator advances the guide 52 fits into the counter guide 54, which ensures the centering of the manipulator.
• FIG 7 there is shown the manipulator 44 in position adjoining the frame 15.
• the counter guide 54 is fully fitted in the guide 52 of the manipulator and the support 29 is placed next to the support 27 of the closure plate 3.
• This support 27 comprises, like the support 29 of the springs 50 constituting means for pressurizing the closure plate 3.
• the guide 52 and the counter guide 54 make it possible to cancel the reaction forces of the jack 46 of such so that no effort is transmitted to pocket 1.
• the jack is then actuated to push the support 29 against the support 27 and move them simultaneously, which results in the position shown in FIG. 8.
• the jet protection tube is opposite the pouring orifice 2 while the cover plate has been driven out of this position.
• it continues to be held by the guide rails of the frame. From this position it is possible to easily return to the position shown in Figure 7 by actuating the cylinder 46 in the opposite direction. It is also possible to switch to the position shown in FIG. 4 in which the access hole of the closure plate 3 is located opposite the pouring orifice 2 in order to clean this orifice by means of a lance. oxygen.
• the device which has just been described makes it possible to regulate the flow of liquid steel by sliding the plate on the guide means using the manipulator.
• the constriction of the passage section is located at the upper part of the jet protection tube, which gives rise, as has been recalled, to a phenomenon of venturi.
• the flow rate of the liquid steel is regulated at the lower end of the jet protection tube.
• a refractory brick 10 is arranged on the bottom of the distributor.
• the tube 4 has an orifice of sufficient section to allow the passage of the maximum flow required for the liquid metal.
• This device has, in addition to its great simplicity, the important advantage of avoiding the phenomenon known as the venturi which leads to the suction of air into the pouring tube.
• the smallest passage section offered to the fluid is located between the lower end of the tube 4 and the refractory brick 10.
• the jet protection tube is kept under overpressure with respect to the atmosphere during all casting, regardless of the degree of rolling of the jet. A possible leak in the tube or at the junction of the tube with the bag cannot therefore cause any air suction, which guarantees the quality of the metal produced.
• the flow is adjusted by regulating the distance between the ladle and the distributor 8. It will be noted that at the start of casting the distance between the ladle and the distributor is generally greater than the limit value allowing regulation. Therefore the flow is maximum for a certain period. This does not, however, present any drawback since it is necessary at this time to fill the distributor as quickly as possible.
• the distance between the bag and the distributor cannot be regulated quickly, that is to say with a short reaction time, given the large mass of each of the two containers, the regulation obtained by the method and the device of the invention is nevertheless sufficient in particular because the distributor has a large free surface so that the level of the liquid metal which it contains varies slowly.
• the tube 4 is equipped at its lower end with a ferrule 14 mounted tightly at the lower end of the tube.
• the ferrule 14 will slide forcibly on the tube. This avoids the rupture of the tube 4 which would not fail to occur if its lower end were to strike the refractory brick 10.
• the ferrule 14 thus plays the role of a safety member.
• At least one refractory brick 20 is placed opposite the lateral orifice 18.
• the exemplary embodiment represented in FIG. 4 comprises two symmetrical orifices 18 and two refractory bricks 20.
• the or the bricks 20 can be brought closer or distant from the orifices 18 to limit the passage section offered to the fluid.
• the bricks 20 are actuated by an independent external mechanism not shown in the figure.
• the brick or bricks 20 can be kept fixed and the distance between the orifice (s) 18 and the or bricks 20 can be regulated by a lateral movement of the pocket 1.
• the cuff 22 more or less closes the outlet orifices 18 of the tube 4.
• the outlet orifices 18 it is preferable for the outlet orifices 18 to be distributed symmetrically over the periphery of the tube 4 in order to compensate for the reaction forces exerted at the lower end of the tube.
• the flow control cuff 22 does not have the role of completely closing the orifices 18 since the closure is also ensured by separate means, an operating clearance can be provided between the cuff 22 and the tube 4. This tolerance greatly facilitates production and secures operation by eliminating the risks of blocking the cuff on the tube.
• the protective tube 4 comprises, at its lower end, one or more lateral orifices 18, as in the case of the embodiments of FIGS. 4 and 5.
• a refractory sleeve 24 is mounted at the lower end of the jet protection tube 4.
• the cuff 24 has one or more orifices 19. It is movable in rotation relative to the tube 4 so that its or its orifice (s) 19 can be moved relative to the orifice or to the orifices 18 of the jet protection tube 4.
• the passage sections of these orifices thus overlap more or less completely, which makes it possible to provide the desired regulation.
• An identical result can also be obtained by translating the cuff 24 along the tube 4.
• FIG. 13 a detail of an advantageous variant of the cuff 24.
• the shell is not precisely adjusted to the outside diameter of the tube 4, and there is play between these two parts. Consequently, when the orifice 18 (Fig. 13) is closed from the top, the liquid metal tends to pass between the cuff 24 and the outside diameter of the tube 4 and to spurt out from the surface of the liquid metal bath. To avoid this phenomenon, the opening (s) 18 is closed from the bottom.
• the cuff 24 has orifices 19, for example in a number equal to that of the orifices 18. The obturation is effected by the lower edge of the recesses, by raising the shell upwards.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Casting Support Devices, Ladles, And Melt Control Thereby (AREA)
• Continuous Casting (AREA)
• Furnace Charging Or Discharging (AREA)
• Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)

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• 1994
  • 1994-03-04 FR FR9402622A patent/FR2716819B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 1995
  • 1995-02-27 SK SK1114-96A patent/SK111496A3/sk unknown
  • 1995-02-27 CA CA002184742A patent/CA2184742A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1995-02-27 WO PCT/FR1995/000235 patent/WO1995023663A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
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  • 1995-02-27 BR BR9506975A patent/BR9506975A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1995-02-27 EP EP95911356A patent/EP0748266A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
  • 1995-02-27 AU AU18957/95A patent/AU691888B2/en not_active Ceased
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