EP0744457B1 - Schmierstoffadditive - Google Patents
Schmierstoffadditive Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0744457B1 EP0744457B1 EP96107578A EP96107578A EP0744457B1 EP 0744457 B1 EP0744457 B1 EP 0744457B1 EP 96107578 A EP96107578 A EP 96107578A EP 96107578 A EP96107578 A EP 96107578A EP 0744457 B1 EP0744457 B1 EP 0744457B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- meth
- alkyl
- pfp
- group
- acrylic acid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000003879 lubricant additive Substances 0.000 title claims description 6
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 229920000578 graft copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical class CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract 4
- -1 alkyl (meth)acrylic acid esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 23
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 18
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000004178 (C1-C4) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M Methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C([O-])=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000005313 fatty acid group Chemical group 0.000 claims 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 39
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical group N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 30
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 30
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 26
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 24
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 21
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 20
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 16
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- DGVVWUTYPXICAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N β‐Mercaptoethanol Chemical compound OCCS DGVVWUTYPXICAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 125000005397 methacrylic acid ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 10
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000005809 transesterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 7
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000001252 acrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000001542 size-exclusion chromatography Methods 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- AHLWZBVXSWOPPL-RGYGYFBISA-N 20-deoxy-20-oxophorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate Chemical compound C([C@]1(O)C(=O)C(C)=C[C@H]1[C@@]1(O)[C@H](C)[C@H]2OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCC)C(C=O)=C[C@H]1[C@H]1[C@]2(OC(C)=O)C1(C)C AHLWZBVXSWOPPL-RGYGYFBISA-N 0.000 description 5
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 241001602688 Pama Species 0.000 description 5
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011550 stock solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- MNZNJOQNLFEAKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-morpholin-4-ylethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCN1CCOCC1 MNZNJOQNLFEAKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylmethacrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidone Chemical compound C=CN1CCCC1=O WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 4
- WNAHIZMDSQCWRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecane-1-thiol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCS WNAHIZMDSQCWRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 4
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 4
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000003926 acrylamides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000000954 2-hydroxyethyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])O[H] 0.000 description 2
- KGIGUEBEKRSTEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-vinylpyridine Chemical class C=CC1=CC=CC=N1 KGIGUEBEKRSTEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 101001126435 Arabidopsis thaliana Pyrophosphate-fructose 6-phosphate 1-phosphotransferase subunit alpha 1 Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 101001126433 Arabidopsis thaliana Pyrophosphate-fructose 6-phosphate 1-phosphotransferase subunit alpha 2 Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 101000999896 Arabidopsis thaliana Pyrophosphate-fructose 6-phosphate 1-phosphotransferase subunit beta 1 Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 101000999895 Arabidopsis thaliana Pyrophosphate-fructose 6-phosphate 1-phosphotransferase subunit beta 2 Proteins 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000953555 Theama Species 0.000 description 2
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- SHZIWNPUGXLXDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N caproic acid ethyl ester Natural products CCCCCC(=O)OCC SHZIWNPUGXLXDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001804 emulsifying effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- JILPJDVXYVTZDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium methoxide Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]C JILPJDVXYVTZDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- NWVVVBRKAWDGAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N p-methoxyphenol Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 NWVVVBRKAWDGAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920000193 polymethacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- UWNNZXDNLPNGQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2-ethylhexanoate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)C(=O)OC(C)(C)C UWNNZXDNLPNGQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JHPBZFOKBAGZBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3-hydroxy-2,2,4-trimethylpentyl) 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)C(O)C(C)(C)COC(=O)C(C)=C JHPBZFOKBAGZBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000006527 (C1-C5) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- TVBNRFCUTVWHQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-anilino-4-(methylamino)anthracene-9,10-dione Chemical compound C1=2C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3C(=O)C=2C(NC)=CC=C1NC1=CC=CC=C1 TVBNRFCUTVWHQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OSSNTDFYBPYIEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenylimidazole Chemical compound C=CN1C=CN=C1 OSSNTDFYBPYIEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VOCDJQSAMZARGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenylpyrrolidine-2,5-dione Chemical compound C=CN1C(=O)CCC1=O VOCDJQSAMZARGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FAPCFNWEPHTUQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-oxidopiperidin-1-ium-4-ol Chemical compound CC1(C)CC(O)CC(C)(C)[NH+]1[O-] FAPCFNWEPHTUQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JKTAIYGNOFSMCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-di(nonyl)phenol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC(O)=C1CCCCCCCCC JKTAIYGNOFSMCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OBETXYAYXDNJHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Ethylhexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)C(O)=O OBETXYAYXDNJHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IGDLZDCWMRPMGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethenylisoindole-1,3-dione Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)N(C=C)C(=O)C2=C1 IGDLZDCWMRPMGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KXVAYZZWCKNUMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-imidazol-1-ylethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCN1C=CN=C1 KXVAYZZWCKNUMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QENRKQYUEGJNNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-1-(prop-2-enoylamino)propane-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC(C)C(S(O)(=O)=O)NC(=O)C=C QENRKQYUEGJNNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WJQOZHYUIDYNHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-tert-Butylphenol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC=CC=C1O WJQOZHYUIDYNHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XHULUQRDNLRXPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-ethenyl-1,3-oxazolidin-2-id-4-one Chemical compound C(=C)N1[CH-]OCC1=O XHULUQRDNLRXPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WNWVKZTYMQWFHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethylmorpholine Chemical group [CH2]CN1CCOCC1 WNWVKZTYMQWFHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000001674 Agaricus brunnescens Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acrylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C=C JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010027146 Melanoderma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- IGFHQQFPSIBGKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nonylphenol Natural products CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IGFHQQFPSIBGKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MZVQCMJNVPIDEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N [CH2]CN(CC)CC Chemical group [CH2]CN(CC)CC MZVQCMJNVPIDEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CIUQDSCDWFSTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C]1=CC=CC=C1 Chemical compound [C]1=CC=CC=C1 CIUQDSCDWFSTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid methyl ester Natural products COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- USPADFUBVAGYOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl 2-ethylhexanoate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C(CC)CCCC USPADFUBVAGYOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000005518 carboxamido group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013065 commercial product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004945 emulsification Methods 0.000 description 1
- IGBZOHMCHDADGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl 2-ethylhexanoate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)C(=O)OC=C IGBZOHMCHDADGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WNMORWGTPVWAIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl 2-methylpropanoate Chemical compound CC(C)C(=O)OC=C WNMORWGTPVWAIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UIWXSTHGICQLQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl propanoate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC=C UIWXSTHGICQLQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DNJIEGIFACGWOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl mercaptane Natural products CCS DNJIEGIFACGWOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002768 hydroxyalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009533 lab test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002642 lithium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005395 methacrylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000004702 methyl esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- OFCMDIZPTHFZQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[(2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl)methyl]prop-2-enamide Chemical compound C=CC(=O)NCN1CCCC1=O OFCMDIZPTHFZQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UXGLSABDGQOSET-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-carbamoylprop-2-enamide Chemical compound NC(=O)NC(=O)C=C UXGLSABDGQOSET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KKFHAJHLJHVUDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-vinylcarbazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N(C=C)C3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 KKFHAJHLJHVUDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 1
- SNQQPOLDUKLAAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonylphenol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1O SNQQPOLDUKLAAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003305 oil spill Substances 0.000 description 1
- ORTFAQDWJHRMNX-UHFFFAOYSA-M oxidooxomethyl Chemical compound [O-][C]=O ORTFAQDWJHRMNX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- UUEVFMOUBSLVJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo-[[1-[2-[2-[2-[4-(oxoazaniumylmethylidene)pyridin-1-yl]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethyl]pyridin-4-ylidene]methyl]azanium;dibromide Chemical compound [Br-].[Br-].C1=CC(=C[NH+]=O)C=CN1CCOCCOCCN1C=CC(=C[NH+]=O)C=C1 UUEVFMOUBSLVJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent‐4‐en‐2‐one Natural products CC(=O)CC=C PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002976 peresters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000951 phenoxy group Chemical class [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(O*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical class [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011002 quantification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003856 quaternary ammonium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003458 sulfonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 1
- CMQCNTNASCDNGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene;hydrate Chemical compound O.CC1=CC=CC=C1 CMQCNTNASCDNGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M149/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
- C10M149/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M149/06—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to an amido or imido group
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M145/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing oxygen
- C10M145/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M145/10—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate
- C10M145/12—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate monocarboxylic
- C10M145/14—Acrylate; Methacrylate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M149/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
- C10M149/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M149/10—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a nitrogen-containing hetero ring
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2209/08—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate type
- C10M2209/084—Acrylate; Methacrylate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2217/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained from nitrogen containing monomers by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2217/024—Macromolecular compounds obtained from nitrogen containing monomers by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to an amido or imido group
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2217/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained from nitrogen containing monomers by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2217/028—Macromolecular compounds obtained from nitrogen containing monomers by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a nitrogen-containing hetero ring
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2217/06—Macromolecular compounds obtained by functionalisation op polymers with a nitrogen containing compound
Definitions
- the invention relates to the use of macromonomers Graft polymers as lubricant additives with viscosity index improver and dispersant Effect.
- comb polymers comb polymers
- polymeric stabilizers for emulsions compare G. Allen, JC Bevington, Comprehensive Polymer Science Vol. 4 , pg. 248-250, Pergamon Press 1989.
- Access to such comb polymers opens up the radical-initiated copolymerization of macromonomers with (chemically different) comonomers.
- 5,254,632 discloses a relatively simple process for the preparation of suitable macromonomers in which (meth) acrylic acid esters are polymerized in the presence of a hydroxyl-containing sulfur regulator and the resulting hydroxyl-terminated polyalkyl (meth) acrylates with methyl methacrylate give the methacryloyl endblocked poly (meth) acrylate macromonomer transesterification.
- the US patent also contains a compilation of relevant literature in which, inter alia, various ways of preparing the macromonomers are described.
- British application GB-A-1,053,529 relates to oil-soluble copolymers and lubricating oil compositions prepared therefrom.
- the copolymers are prepared by polymerizing esters of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid with relatively long-chain alcohols (C 12 to C 24 ) to a conversion of about 50-90%, then adding methyl and / or ethyl acrylate in a second step and then terminating is polymerized.
- EP-A-0 382 493 describes oil-soluble, amine-containing Copolymers consisting of a main chain and a variety of polymers Side chains with basic amino groups exist.
- the polymers can be prepared by either the amine-containing side chains on a Grafted polymer chain, or by first an amine-containing Macromonomer is prepared, which then with other monomers is copolymerized.
- Comb polymers offer a variety of applications due to the structures of the use as Emulsifiers could claim special interest.
- the structural features did not necessarily seem one particular suitability of such comb polymers as Viscosity Index Improver (VI improver) in Promise lubricating oils.
- VI improver Viscosity Index Improver
- VI improvers in particular dispersing VI improvers as lubricant additives.
- the invention accordingly relates to the use of graft polymers PFP composed of polyalkyl methacrylate macromonomers (A) copolymerized with alkyl (meth) acrylates having C 6 -C 30 -alkyl radicals (AMA) with non-functionalized comonomers (B) selected from the group consisting from alkyl (meth) acrylates with C 1 -C 5 -alkyl radicals, styrene and alkylstyrenes with C 1 -C 4 -alkyl radicals and the vinyl esters and functionalized comonomers (C) selected from the group of (meth) acrylic esters, the (meth) acrylamides , the vinyl heterocycle, in a carrier medium TM as lubricant additives according to claim 1.
- A polyalkyl methacrylate macromonomers
- AMA alkyl (meth) acrylates having C 6 -C 30 -alkyl radicals
- B selected from the group consist
- the biradical radical X is an at least two- and up to 30-membered hydrocarbon chain, preferably with an -S-bridge directly following the polymeric part of I, it being possible for up to 9 carbon atoms to be replaced by ether oxygen.
- the chain can still be replaced by functional radicals of the formula wherein R 9 is hydrogen or an alkyl radical having 1-8 carbon atoms, or a phenyl radical, to be interrupted.
- R 11 is derived from industrial phenols or phenol mixtures are to be considered as particularly favorable.
- the phenol itself mention may be made of tert-butylphenol, octylphenol, nonylphenol, dinonylphenol.
- the functionalized comonomers (C) may belong to the group of formula VIII wherein R 10 is a 5- or 6-membered heterocycle containing at least one nitrogen atom.
- the comonomers of the formula VIII are preferably selected from the group consisting of vinylpyrrolidones, such as 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone, vinylimidazole, N-vinylcarbazole, N-vinylsuccinimide, N-vinyloxazolidone, N-vinylphthalimide, vinylpyridines, such as 2-vinylpyridine.
- vinylpyrrolidones such as 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone, vinylimidazole, N-vinylcarbazole, N-vinylsuccinimide, N-vinyloxazolidone, N-vinylphthalimide
- vinylpyridines such as 2-vinylpyridine.
- the macromonomer II-A can according to the following Weight relations be constructed: proportion AMA 0 - 90 % By weight, proportion of comonomer (B ') 0-40% by weight, proportion (C') 0 to 100% by weight.
- the compounds of the formula X are obtained by polymerizing the monomers or monomer mixtures of the (meth) acrylic esters in the presence of an OH-functional regulator, preferably a sulfur regulator, for example in the presence of 2-mercaptoethanol (cf. -A 5,254,632).
- OH-functional regulator preferably a sulfur regulator
- 2-mercaptoethanol cf. -A 5,254,632
- X assumes the structure - (CH 2 ) 2 S-.
- other prior art methods which are suitable for producing a PAMA macromonomer having the same monomer composition with relatively high functionality of terminal polymerizable (activated) double bond can also be successfully used (see EP 261 942).
- Suitable carrier medium TM for the graft polymers PFP are preferably inert, predominantly lipophilic solvents of the type customary in additive technology, in particular mineral oils, for example of the SN100 type such as Shell SM 920 or gas oils such as Shell G07.
- the preparation of the macromonomers can in close analogy to US-A 5,254,632 or based on DE-A 23 18 809; W. Radke, AHE Müller, Polym. Prepr. Chem. Soc., Polym. Chem., 32 (1) 1991 and H. Rauch-Puntigam, Th. Völker, acrylic and methacrylic compounds, Springer-Verlag 1967.
- a shielding gas such as For example, nitrogen, for example, to 95 degrees C.
- the initiator for example one usual per compound such as a Perester - called tert.Butyl-2-ethylhexanoate - to and then metered in the AMA monomer preferably in admixture with further initiator, as a basis, about 0.4% by weight Initiator referred to the monomers, while about 3.5 hours too.
- a Perester - called tert.Butyl-2-ethylhexanoate -
- Initiator referred to the monomers
- a suitable reaction vessel for example a 6 l three-necked flask with heating, stirring device, Internal thermometer, air inlet and packed column with regulator-controlled vapor conductor is a mixture of the hydroxyl-containing precursor with methyl (meth) acrylate as an indication, a weight ratio of about 4.3: 3 called - preferably together with at least one known polymerization inhibitor, for example Hydroquinone monomethyl ether and a stabilizer, for example of the HALS type, called e.g. 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxide in the usual quantities submitted and expediently under air passage to Heated reflux.
- MMA Assumed transesterification component.
- the transesterification catalyst preferably a lithium compound such as lithium methoxide added as a supporter is about 0.1% based on the Methacrylic acid methyl ester added and continue at reflux held until the boiling point has dropped, about 65 - 68 degrees C. Subsequently, further methanol-rich Distillate withdrawn until by increasing the Boiling temperature - be called about 100 degrees C - a extensive sales is displayed. After distilling off from further distillate (at 100 degrees C) is the approach cooled to room temperature and filtered. The excess methyl ester is advantageously removed on a vacuum rotary evaporator. The macromonomer is obtained A dissolved in the carrier medium TM.
- a mixture is prepared with carrier medium TM added.
- carrier medium TM a smaller part, about 6.5 wt .-% in about 10 times the amount of carrier medium in an apparatus as for the preparation of the hydroxyl group-containing precursor used under an inert gas such as nitrogen on elevated Temperature, as a stop is 82 degrees C, heated.
- a macromonomer A preferably of low molecular weight, together with at least one dispersing monomer C, preferably together with a regulator, in particular a sulfur regulator, may be mentioned as an approximate 0.1% by weight, based on the macromonomers / monomers , submitted and heated under a protective gas such as nitrogen, for example, to 100 degrees C and initiator, for example of the type mentioned and in amounts of about 0.8 wt .-% added.
- a protective gas such as nitrogen
- initiator for example of the type mentioned and in amounts of about 0.8 wt .-% added.
- further initiator is advantageously added in portions of about 1/5 of that already added, and it still lasts for a longer period of time, for about 12 hours at elevated temperature, for example at 100 ° C. Further advantageous variants of the production process can be taken from the examples.
- the graft polymers PFP are distinguished by an outstanding action as a viscosity index improver.
- the improved viscosity-temperature characteristics can be demonstrated by viscosity measurements on model formulations.
- Of particular importance is also the invention to be recorded, excellent dispersing effect.
- the particularly favorable dispersing efficiency is evidenced for example by results of laboratory tests.
- the following examples serve to illustrate the invention.
- the determination of the actual viscosity is carried out according to ASTM D 445.
- the molecular weight is determined by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) using standard PMMA (compare HF Mark et al., Encyclopedia of Polymer Science & Engineering, Vol. 10 , pg., 1-19, J. Wiley, 1987).
- SEC size exclusion chromatography
- PMMA standard PMMA
- Shear Stability Index PSSI Shear Stability Index
- Example A-1a The same apparatus as in Example A-1a) is used.
- the 6 l flask is charged with: 1.396 g of 100 N oil, 155.1 g of methacrylic acid ester of a mixture of C 11 -C 16 -alkanols (product DOBANOL 25L) and 3.10 g of 2-mercaptoethanol and under nitrogen to 110 ° C heated.
- Example A-1a The same apparatus as for Example A-1a).
- the 6 l flask is charged with: 1.396 g of 100 N oil, 155.1 g of methacrylic acid ester of a mixture of C 11 -C 16 -alkanols (product DOBANOL 25L) and 1.55 g of 2-mercaptoethanol and under nitrogen to 110 ° C heated.
- a mixture of 2 448.9 g of the above methacrylic ester, 25.5 g of 2-mercaptopanol and 24.5 g of tert-butyl per 2-ethylhexanoate continuously pumped.
- Example A-1a An apparatus according to Example A-1a is used.
- the monomer mixture is prepared from 227.7 g of macromonomer from Example A-1, 106.3 g of methacrylic acid ester of a mixture of C 11 -C 16 -alkanols (product DOBANOL 25 L) and 45.5 g of methyl methacrylate, 24.5 g of this monomer mixture are charged with 220.5 g of 100 N oil in the apparatus and heated to 82 degrees C under nitrogen.
- Example A-1a The apparatus according to Example A-1a is used. 122.9 g of the macromonomer from Example A-2, 20.0 g of 2- (N-morpholinyl) -ethyl methacrylate and 0.15 g of dodecylmercaptan are placed in the three-necked flask and heated to 100 ° C. under nitrogen and then 1.0 g of tert Butylper-2-ethylhexanoate added. After 3 or 7 hours after the first initiator addition, in each case an additional 0.2 g of tert-butyl per-2-ethylhexanoate is added and the batch is kept at 100 ° C. for a further 12 hours. Yield:: 143 g of oil solution of the comb polymer PFP-2.
- Example A-1 Apparatus as in Example A-1. 122.9 g of the macromonomer from Example A-3, 20 g of 2- (N-morpholinyl) -ethyl methacrylate and 0.15 g of dodecylmercaptan are placed in the three-necked flask and heated to 100 ° C. under nitrogen and then 1.0 g of tertiary Butylper-2-ethylhexanoate added. After 3 or 7 hours after the first initiator addition, in each case a further 0.2 g of initiator is added and the mixture is kept at 100 ° C. for a further 12 hours. Yield: 143 g of oil solution of the comb polymer PFP-3.
- Example A-1 Apparatus as in Example A-1.
- Example A-1 Apparatus as in Example A-1.
- Example A-1a An apparatus according to Example A-1a is used.
- the monomer mixture is prepared from 299.5 g of macromonomer from Example A-1, 65 g of methacrylic acid ester of a mixture of C 11 to C 16 -alkanols (product Dobanol 25 L), 65.0 g of methyl methacrylate and 70.5 g of 100 N oil , 50 g of this monomer mixture are placed in the apparatus and heated to 90 degrees C under nitrogen. After addition of 0.06 g of tert-butyl per-2-ethylhexanoate to the template, 450 g of the monomer mixture are continuously pumped in over 3.5 hours together with 0.59 g of tert-butyl 2-ethylhexanoate.
- Example A-1a An apparatus according to Example A-1a is used.
- the monomer mixture is prepared from 276.5 g macromonomer from Example A-1, 120.0 g n-butyl methacrylate and 103.5 g 100 N oil.
- 75 g of this monomer mixture are placed in the apparatus and heated to 90 degrees C under nitrogen.
- 425 g of the monomer mixture are continuously pumped in over 3.5 hours together with 0.51 g of tert-butyl per-2-ethylhexanoate.
- Example A-1a An apparatus according to Example A-1a is used.
- the monomer mixture is prepared from 207.4 g macromonomer from Example A-1, 165.0 g n-butyl methacrylate and 127.6 g 100 N oil. 75 g of this monomer mixture are introduced into the apparatus and heated to 85 ° C. under nitrogen. After addition of 0.09 g of tert-butyl per-2-ethylhexanoate for submission, 425 g of the monomer mixture are continuously pumped in over 3.5 hours together with 0.51 g of tert-butyl per-2-ethylhexanoate. 1.5 hours after the end of the feed, 250 g of 100 N oil are added for dilution.
- Graft polymers For testing the emulsifier effect of Graft polymers may be the following toluene-water emulsified test for testing the dispersing effect of Soot-spot test can be applied.
- the quantification of the emulsifying effect in% values takes place according to the scheme shown in Fig. 1b. This is the proportion of the observation period 5 minutes to 24 Hours present emulsion by the ratio of Area A is characterized by the total area A + B and in% values specified.
- the additive to be tested is dissolved in 150 N oil (Enerpar 11) mixed two stock solutions: stock solution I with 0.375% polymer content and stock solution II with 0.75% Polymer content. From each stock solution become 2 Soot dispersion solutions prepared (double determination). For this purpose, in each case in a 150 ml beaker 1.5 g of carbon black (Flame black, Degussa special black 4) and 50 g stock solution weighed and then with an Ultra-Turrax Intensive stirrer stirred for 30 minutes at 9,000 u / minute. Thereafter, 20 ⁇ l of each dispersion solution Filter paper (paper Durieux 122) spotted. After 48 Hours of even storage at 30 degrees C will be the Punctuated flecks evaluated. For this, the diameter of the Soot stain and the diameter of the surrounding it Oil spill measured and their ratio in% stated:
- the total score of the spot test is the sum of the four percentage ratings. Products with poor soot dispersion give overall ratings of about 70% and lower, products with good carbon black dispersion give overall ratings of ⁇ 130%.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
- Macromonomer-Based Addition Polymer (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Graft Or Block Polymers (AREA)
Description
Einen Zugang zu solchen Kammpolymeren eröffnet die radikalisch initiierte Copolymerisation von Makromonomeren mit (chemisch verschiedenen) Comonomeren. Die US-A 5,254,632 gibt ein relativ einfaches Verfahren zur Herstellung geeigneter Makromonomeren an, bei dem man (Meth)acrylsäureester in Gegegenwart eines hydroxygruppenhaltigen Schwefelreglers polymerisiert und die so erhaltenen hydroxylgruppenterminierten Polyalkyl(meth)-acrylate mit Methylmethacrylat zum Poly(meth)acrylatmakromonomeren mit Methacryloylendgruppe umestert. In dem US-Patent findet sich auch eine Zusammenstellung einschlägiger Literatur in der u.a. verschiedene Wege zur Herstellung der Makromonomeren beschrieben werden.
- X =
- biradikalischer Rest
- R1 =
- -H oder -CH3
- R2 =
- -H oder -CH3
- R3 =
- -H oder -CH3
- n =
- 6 bis 30
- m =
- 6 bis 30
- p =
- mittlerer Polymerisationsgrad des Makromonomeren (A)
- X =
- biradikalischer Rest
- R1 =
- -H oder -CH3
- R2 =
- -H oder -CH3
- n =
- 6 bis 30
- p =
- mittlerer Polymerisationsgrad des Makromonomeren
Vorzugsweise steht der biradikalische Rest X für eine mindestens zwei- und bis 30-gliedrige KohlenwasserstoffKette, vorzugsweise mit einer -S-Brücke direkt anschließend an den polymeren Teil von I, wobei gegebenenfalls bis 9 Kohlenstoffglieder durch Ethersauerstoff ersetzt sein können. Ferner kann im Rest X die Kette noch durch funktionelle Reste der Formel worin R9 für Wasserstoff oder einen Alkylrest mit 1 - 8 Kohlenstoffatomen steht, oder einen Phenylrest, unterbrochen sein.
- R'1 =
- H oder CH3
- n =
- 6 bis 30
- R"1 =
- H oder CH3
- R3 =
- C1-C5-Alkyl, vorzugsweise C1-C4-Alkyl
- R'''1 =
- H oder CH3
- R4 =
- H oder C1-C4-Alkyl
- R5 =
- C1-C11-Alkyl,
Von besonderem Interesse sind Monomere der Formel VII worin R6 für den Rest eines alkoxylierten Alkanols oder Phenols steht (Comonomere der Formel VII-A).
- R'1 =
- -H oder -CH3
- k =
- 5 bis 100
- i =
- 0 bis 100
- R11 =
- CnH2n+1 verzweigt oder unverzweigt oder gegebenenfalls substituiertes Phenol
- n =
- 1 bis 22
Ferner können die funktionalisierten Comonomeren (C) der Gruppe der Formel VIII angehören worin R10 für einen mindestens ein Stickstoffatom enthaltenden 5- oder 6-gliedrigen Heterocyclus steht. Vorzugsweise sind die Comonomeren der Formel VIII ausgewählt aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Vinylpyrrolidone wie das 1-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidon, Vinylimidazol, N-Vinylcarbazol, N-Vinylsuccinimid, N-Vinyloxazolidon, N-Vinylphthalimid, Vinylpyridine wie das 2-Vinylpyridin.
- R1 =
- -H oder -CH3
- R2 =
- -H oder -CH3
- n =
- 6 bis 30
- R1 und R2
- für Wasserstoff oder Methyl
- X
- für einen biradikalischen Rest und
- n
- für eine ganze Zahl von 5 bis 30 steht, mit der Maßgabe, daß p so bemessen ist, daß das Molekulargewicht M der Makromonomeren II im Bereich 1 000 bis 100000 g/mol liegt,
- R12
- für einen Alkylrest mit 1 bis 8 Kohlenstoffatomen steht mit einem hydroxylgruppenterminierten Polyalkylmethacrylat der Formel X
Als Trägermedium TM für die Pfropfpolymeren PFP kommen vorzugsweise inerte, vorwiegend lipophile Lösemittel der in der Additivtechnologie üblichen Art infrage, insbesondere Mineralöle beispielsweise vom Typ der SN100 wie z.B. Shell SM 920 oder auch Gasöle wie z.B. Shell G07.
Die Herstellung der Makromonomeren kann in enger Analogie zur US-A 5,254,632 bzw. in Anlehnung an DE-A 23 18 809; W. Radke, A.H.E. Müller, Polym. Prepr. (Am. Chem. Soc. Div. Polym. Chem) 32(1) 1991 und H. Rauch-Puntigam, Th. Völker, Acryl- und Methacrylverbindungen, Springer-Verlag 1967 vorgenommen werden.
Weitere vorteilhafte Varianten der Herstellungsverfahren lassen sich den Beispielen entnehmen.
Von besonderer Bedeutung ist ferner die erfindungsgemäß zu verzeichnende, ausgezeichnete Dispergierwirkung. Die besonders günstige Dispergierwirksamkeit wird z.B. durch Ergebnisse von Labortests belegt.
Die aktuelle Viskosität wird zu KV100 = 77,6 cSt bestimmt. Das Molekulargewicht wir durch SEC bestimmt. MW = 19 000 g/mol.
Ausbeute: 1 750 g Öllösung des Makromonomeren A-1.
Ausbeute: 4 038 g.
Aktuelle Viskosität KV 100 = 20,9 cST
Molgewicht (SEC) = 5 500 g/mol
Aktuelle Viskosität KV 100 = 21 cSt
Molgewicht (SEC) = 7 720 g/mol
Aktuelle Viskosität KV 100 = 52 cSt.
Molgewicht (SEC) = 13 600 g/mol.
Ausbeute: 600 g Öllösung des Pfropfpolymeren PFP-1.
Ausbeute: : 143 g Öllösung des Kammpolymeren PFP-2.
Ausbeute: 143 g Öllösung des Kammpolymeren PFP-3.
Ausbeute: 148 g Öllösung des Kammpolymeren PFP-4.
Ausbeute: 148 g Öllösung des Kammpolymeren PFP-5.
Ausbeute: 812 g Öllösung des Pfropfcopolymeren PFP-6.
Ausbeute: 600 g Öllösung des Pfropfcopolymeren PFP-7.
Ausbeute: 1 200 g Öllösung des Pfropfcopolymeren PFP-8.
Die Gesamtbewertung des Tüpfeltests ergibt sich als Summe der vier prozentualen Einzelbewertungen. Produkte mit schlechter Rußdispergierung ergeben Gesamtbewertungen von ca. 70 % und niedriger, Produkte mit guter Rußdispergierung ergeben Gesamtbewertungen von ≥ 130 %.
Claims (4)
- Verwendung von Pfropfpolymeren PFP, die aufgebaut sind ausa) 10 - 90 Gew.-% bezogen auf PFP Polyalkylmethacrylat-Makromonomeren (A) die copolymerisiert sind mitb) 0 - 90 Gew.-% bezogen auf PFP Alkyl(meth)acrylsäureestern (AMA) mit C6-C30-Alkylresten und mitc) 0 - 60 Gew.-% bezogen auf PFP nicht-funktionalisierten Comonomeren (B) ausgewählt aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Alkyl(meth)acrylsäureestern mit C1-C5-Alkylresten, Styrol, Alkylstyrolen mit C1-C4-Alkylresten und Fettsäurevinylestern mit 2 bis 12 C-Atomen im Fettsäurerest sowie mitd) 0 - 40 Gew.-% bezogen auf PFP funktionalisierten Comonomeren (C) ausgewählt aus der Gruppe bestehend aus funktionalisierten (Meth)acrylsäureestern und -amiden und der Vinyl-Heterocyclen
mit der Maßgabe, daß die Summe der copolymerisierten Monomeren b) bis d) bezogen auf PFP 10 bis 90 Gew.-% ausmacht
in einem Trägermedium TM als Schmierstoffadditive mit viskositäts index verbessernder Wirkung. - Verwendung gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Polyalkylmethacrylat-Makromonomeren (A) Verbindungen der Formel II
- X =
- biradikalischer Rest
- R1 =
- -H oder -CH3
- R2 =
- -H oder -CH3
- n =
- 6 bis 30
- p =
- mittlerer Polymerisationsgrad des Makromonomeren
- Verwendung gemäß den Ansprüchen 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das gewichtsmittlere Molekulargewicht der Pfropfpolymeren PFP im Bereich 5 000 bis 1 000 000 liegt.
- Verwendung gemäß Anspruch 1 enthaltend als Pfropfpolymere die Pfropfpolymeren PFP', die aufgebaut sind zua) 10 - 90 Gew.-% aus mehrfunktionalisierten Polyalkylmethacrylat-Makromonomeren (A'), enthaltendmit der Maßgabe, daß sich die Summe der Monomeren (AMA'), (B') und (C') im Makromonomeren (A') auf 100 Gew.-% ergänzt,a1) 0 - 90 Gew.-%
Alkyl(meth)acrylester (AMA') mit C6-C30-Alkylrestena2) 0 - 40 Gew.-%
nicht funktionalisierte Comonomere (B') aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Alkyl(meth)acrylsäureestern mit C1-C5-Alkylresten, Styrol, Alkylstyrolen mit C1-C4-Alkylresten und Fettsäurevinylestern mit 2 bis 12 C-Atomen im Fettsäurerest, sowiea3) 0 - 100 Gew.-%
funktionalisierte Comonomere (C') ausgewählt aus der Gruppe bestehend aus funktionalisierten (Meth)acrylsäureestern und -amiden und der Vinylheterocyclen,b) 0 bis 90 Gew.-% aus Monomeren ausgewählt aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Alkyl(meth)acrylsäureestern (AMA) mit C6-C30-Alkylresten,c) 0 bis 60 Gew.-% aus Monomeren (B), ausgewählt aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Alkyl(meth)acrylsäureestern mit C1-C5-Alkylresten, Styrol, Alkylstyrolen mit C1-C4-Alkylresten und Fettsäurevinylestern mit 2 bis 12 C-Atomen im Fettsäurerest,d) 0 bis 40 Gew.-% aus funktionalisierten Camonomeren (C) ausgewählt aus der Gruppe bestehend aus funktionalisierten (Meth)-acrylsäureestern und -amiden und der Vinylheterocyclen,
mit der Maßgabe, daß die Summe der Copolymerisierten Monomeren (AMA), (B) und (C) bezogen auf PFP'10 bis 90 Gew.-% ausmacht.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19518786A DE19518786A1 (de) | 1995-05-22 | 1995-05-22 | Schmierstoffadditive |
| DE19518786 | 1995-05-22 |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0744457A2 EP0744457A2 (de) | 1996-11-27 |
| EP0744457A3 EP0744457A3 (de) | 1997-09-24 |
| EP0744457B1 true EP0744457B1 (de) | 2003-09-24 |
Family
ID=7762590
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP96107578A Expired - Lifetime EP0744457B1 (de) | 1995-05-22 | 1996-05-13 | Schmierstoffadditive |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5756433A (de) |
| EP (1) | EP0744457B1 (de) |
| JP (2) | JP4142121B2 (de) |
| AT (1) | ATE250659T1 (de) |
| DE (2) | DE19518786A1 (de) |
| SG (1) | SG54334A1 (de) |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US11365273B2 (en) | 2019-12-16 | 2022-06-21 | Infineum International Limited | High viscosity index comb polymer viscosity modifiers and methods of modifying lubricant viscosity using same |
| US11384311B2 (en) | 2019-12-16 | 2022-07-12 | Infineum International Limited | High viscosity index comb polymer viscosity modifiers and methods of modifying lubricant viscosity using same |
| US11685874B2 (en) | 2019-12-16 | 2023-06-27 | Infineum International Limited | High viscosity index comb polymer viscosity modifiers and methods of modifying lubricant viscosity using same |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19518786A1 (de) * | 1995-05-22 | 1996-11-28 | Roehm Gmbh | Schmierstoffadditive |
| US5955405A (en) * | 1998-08-10 | 1999-09-21 | Ethyl Corporation | (Meth) acrylate copolymers having excellent low temperature properties |
| US6495618B1 (en) | 1999-12-17 | 2002-12-17 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Graft copolymer with an amide functional group as a pigment dispersant |
| US6642189B2 (en) | 1999-12-22 | 2003-11-04 | Nippon Mitsubishi Oil Corporation | Engine oil compositions |
| US6323164B1 (en) * | 2000-11-01 | 2001-11-27 | Ethyl Corporation | Dispersant (meth) acrylate copolymers having excellent low temperature properties |
| US6746993B2 (en) * | 2001-04-06 | 2004-06-08 | Sanyo Chemical Industries, Ltd. | Viscosity index improver and lube oil containing the same |
| DE102005015931A1 (de) * | 2005-04-06 | 2006-10-12 | Rohmax Additives Gmbh | Polyalkyl(meth) acrylat-Copolymere mit hervorragenden Eigenschaften |
| US20070117725A1 (en) * | 2005-11-22 | 2007-05-24 | Shih-Ying Hsu | Acrylic synthetic lubricant |
| DE102009001446A1 (de) * | 2009-03-10 | 2010-09-23 | Evonik Rohmax Additives Gmbh | Verwendung von Kammpolymeren als Antifatigue-Additive |
| US8143201B2 (en) * | 2010-03-09 | 2012-03-27 | Infineum International Limited | Morpholine derivatives as ashless TBN sources and lubricating oil compositions containing same |
| JP2012188583A (ja) * | 2011-03-11 | 2012-10-04 | Sanyo Chem Ind Ltd | 粘度指数向上剤及び潤滑油組成物 |
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| JP2013147608A (ja) * | 2012-01-23 | 2013-08-01 | Sanyo Chem Ind Ltd | 粘度指数向上剤及び潤滑油組成物 |
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| JP6336095B2 (ja) * | 2015-03-20 | 2018-06-06 | 出光興産株式会社 | 潤滑油組成物及び潤滑油組成物の製造方法 |
| WO2017194654A1 (en) | 2016-05-13 | 2017-11-16 | Evonik Oil Additives Gmbh | Graft copolymers based on polyolefin backbone and methacrylate side chains |
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| CN119816533A (zh) * | 2022-09-09 | 2025-04-11 | 三菱化学株式会社 | 聚合物、润滑油用减摩剂和润滑油组合物 |
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| EP0728780A2 (de) * | 1995-02-24 | 1996-08-28 | Röhm Gmbh | Pfropfpolymere mit Emulgatoreigenschaften |
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| DE3607444A1 (de) * | 1986-03-07 | 1987-09-10 | Roehm Gmbh | Additive fuer mineraloele mit stockpunktverbessernder wirkung |
| JPS62220593A (ja) * | 1986-03-20 | 1987-09-28 | Kao Corp | 潤滑油用粘度指数向上剤 |
| US4985160A (en) * | 1989-02-08 | 1991-01-15 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Branched polymers as fuel oil additives |
| DE3930142A1 (de) * | 1989-09-09 | 1991-03-21 | Roehm Gmbh | Dispergierwirksame viskositaets-index-verbesserer |
| DE4121811A1 (de) * | 1991-07-02 | 1993-01-07 | Roehm Gmbh | Verfahren zur herstellung von polyalkylmethacrylat-makromonomeren und ihre verwendung zur herstellung von kammpolymeren |
| DE4309853A1 (de) * | 1993-03-26 | 1994-09-29 | Roehm Gmbh | Thermoplastisch verarbeitbare Elastomere mit verbesserten optischen Eigenschaften |
| DE4312715A1 (de) * | 1993-04-20 | 1994-10-27 | Roehm Gmbh | Kammpolymere |
| US5312884A (en) * | 1993-04-30 | 1994-05-17 | Rohm And Haas Company | Copolymer useful as a pour point depressant for a lubricating oil |
| JP2748104B2 (ja) * | 1994-03-08 | 1998-05-06 | 三洋化成工業株式会社 | 粘度指数向上剤及び潤滑油 |
| DE19518786A1 (de) * | 1995-05-22 | 1996-11-28 | Roehm Gmbh | Schmierstoffadditive |
-
1995
- 1995-05-22 DE DE19518786A patent/DE19518786A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1996
- 1996-05-13 EP EP96107578A patent/EP0744457B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-05-13 DE DE59610726T patent/DE59610726D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-05-13 AT AT96107578T patent/ATE250659T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-05-15 JP JP12056996A patent/JP4142121B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-05-20 SG SG1996009837A patent/SG54334A1/en unknown
- 1996-05-22 US US08/652,276 patent/US5756433A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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2008
- 2008-04-09 JP JP2008101040A patent/JP2008255359A/ja active Pending
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0728780A2 (de) * | 1995-02-24 | 1996-08-28 | Röhm Gmbh | Pfropfpolymere mit Emulgatoreigenschaften |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US11365273B2 (en) | 2019-12-16 | 2022-06-21 | Infineum International Limited | High viscosity index comb polymer viscosity modifiers and methods of modifying lubricant viscosity using same |
| US11384311B2 (en) | 2019-12-16 | 2022-07-12 | Infineum International Limited | High viscosity index comb polymer viscosity modifiers and methods of modifying lubricant viscosity using same |
| US11685874B2 (en) | 2019-12-16 | 2023-06-27 | Infineum International Limited | High viscosity index comb polymer viscosity modifiers and methods of modifying lubricant viscosity using same |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0744457A2 (de) | 1996-11-27 |
| JPH08311133A (ja) | 1996-11-26 |
| JP4142121B2 (ja) | 2008-08-27 |
| DE59610726D1 (de) | 2003-10-30 |
| EP0744457A3 (de) | 1997-09-24 |
| JP2008255359A (ja) | 2008-10-23 |
| ATE250659T1 (de) | 2003-10-15 |
| DE19518786A1 (de) | 1996-11-28 |
| US5756433A (en) | 1998-05-26 |
| SG54334A1 (en) | 1998-11-16 |
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