EP0744457B1 - Lubricant additive - Google Patents

Lubricant additive Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0744457B1
EP0744457B1 EP96107578A EP96107578A EP0744457B1 EP 0744457 B1 EP0744457 B1 EP 0744457B1 EP 96107578 A EP96107578 A EP 96107578A EP 96107578 A EP96107578 A EP 96107578A EP 0744457 B1 EP0744457 B1 EP 0744457B1
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Prior art keywords
meth
alkyl
pfp
group
acrylic acid
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EP96107578A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0744457A2 (en
EP0744457A3 (en
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Clemens Dr. Auschra
Horst Dr. Pennewiss
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Roehm GmbH Darmstadt
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Roehm GmbH Darmstadt
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M149/00Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
    • C10M149/02Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M149/06Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to an amido or imido group
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M145/00Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing oxygen
    • C10M145/02Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M145/10Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate
    • C10M145/12Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate monocarboxylic
    • C10M145/14Acrylate; Methacrylate
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M149/00Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
    • C10M149/02Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M149/10Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a nitrogen-containing hetero ring
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2209/00Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/02Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/08Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate type
    • C10M2209/084Acrylate; Methacrylate
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2217/00Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2217/02Macromolecular compounds obtained from nitrogen containing monomers by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2217/024Macromolecular compounds obtained from nitrogen containing monomers by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to an amido or imido group
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2217/00Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2217/02Macromolecular compounds obtained from nitrogen containing monomers by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2217/028Macromolecular compounds obtained from nitrogen containing monomers by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a nitrogen-containing hetero ring
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2217/00Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2217/06Macromolecular compounds obtained by functionalisation op polymers with a nitrogen containing compound

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the use of macromonomers Graft polymers as lubricant additives with viscosity index improver and dispersant Effect.
  • comb polymers comb polymers
  • polymeric stabilizers for emulsions compare G. Allen, JC Bevington, Comprehensive Polymer Science Vol. 4 , pg. 248-250, Pergamon Press 1989.
  • Access to such comb polymers opens up the radical-initiated copolymerization of macromonomers with (chemically different) comonomers.
  • 5,254,632 discloses a relatively simple process for the preparation of suitable macromonomers in which (meth) acrylic acid esters are polymerized in the presence of a hydroxyl-containing sulfur regulator and the resulting hydroxyl-terminated polyalkyl (meth) acrylates with methyl methacrylate give the methacryloyl endblocked poly (meth) acrylate macromonomer transesterification.
  • the US patent also contains a compilation of relevant literature in which, inter alia, various ways of preparing the macromonomers are described.
  • British application GB-A-1,053,529 relates to oil-soluble copolymers and lubricating oil compositions prepared therefrom.
  • the copolymers are prepared by polymerizing esters of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid with relatively long-chain alcohols (C 12 to C 24 ) to a conversion of about 50-90%, then adding methyl and / or ethyl acrylate in a second step and then terminating is polymerized.
  • EP-A-0 382 493 describes oil-soluble, amine-containing Copolymers consisting of a main chain and a variety of polymers Side chains with basic amino groups exist.
  • the polymers can be prepared by either the amine-containing side chains on a Grafted polymer chain, or by first an amine-containing Macromonomer is prepared, which then with other monomers is copolymerized.
  • Comb polymers offer a variety of applications due to the structures of the use as Emulsifiers could claim special interest.
  • the structural features did not necessarily seem one particular suitability of such comb polymers as Viscosity Index Improver (VI improver) in Promise lubricating oils.
  • VI improver Viscosity Index Improver
  • VI improvers in particular dispersing VI improvers as lubricant additives.
  • the invention accordingly relates to the use of graft polymers PFP composed of polyalkyl methacrylate macromonomers (A) copolymerized with alkyl (meth) acrylates having C 6 -C 30 -alkyl radicals (AMA) with non-functionalized comonomers (B) selected from the group consisting from alkyl (meth) acrylates with C 1 -C 5 -alkyl radicals, styrene and alkylstyrenes with C 1 -C 4 -alkyl radicals and the vinyl esters and functionalized comonomers (C) selected from the group of (meth) acrylic esters, the (meth) acrylamides , the vinyl heterocycle, in a carrier medium TM as lubricant additives according to claim 1.
  • A polyalkyl methacrylate macromonomers
  • AMA alkyl (meth) acrylates having C 6 -C 30 -alkyl radicals
  • B selected from the group consist
  • the biradical radical X is an at least two- and up to 30-membered hydrocarbon chain, preferably with an -S-bridge directly following the polymeric part of I, it being possible for up to 9 carbon atoms to be replaced by ether oxygen.
  • the chain can still be replaced by functional radicals of the formula wherein R 9 is hydrogen or an alkyl radical having 1-8 carbon atoms, or a phenyl radical, to be interrupted.
  • R 11 is derived from industrial phenols or phenol mixtures are to be considered as particularly favorable.
  • the phenol itself mention may be made of tert-butylphenol, octylphenol, nonylphenol, dinonylphenol.
  • the functionalized comonomers (C) may belong to the group of formula VIII wherein R 10 is a 5- or 6-membered heterocycle containing at least one nitrogen atom.
  • the comonomers of the formula VIII are preferably selected from the group consisting of vinylpyrrolidones, such as 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone, vinylimidazole, N-vinylcarbazole, N-vinylsuccinimide, N-vinyloxazolidone, N-vinylphthalimide, vinylpyridines, such as 2-vinylpyridine.
  • vinylpyrrolidones such as 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone, vinylimidazole, N-vinylcarbazole, N-vinylsuccinimide, N-vinyloxazolidone, N-vinylphthalimide
  • vinylpyridines such as 2-vinylpyridine.
  • the macromonomer II-A can according to the following Weight relations be constructed: proportion AMA 0 - 90 % By weight, proportion of comonomer (B ') 0-40% by weight, proportion (C') 0 to 100% by weight.
  • the compounds of the formula X are obtained by polymerizing the monomers or monomer mixtures of the (meth) acrylic esters in the presence of an OH-functional regulator, preferably a sulfur regulator, for example in the presence of 2-mercaptoethanol (cf. -A 5,254,632).
  • OH-functional regulator preferably a sulfur regulator
  • 2-mercaptoethanol cf. -A 5,254,632
  • X assumes the structure - (CH 2 ) 2 S-.
  • other prior art methods which are suitable for producing a PAMA macromonomer having the same monomer composition with relatively high functionality of terminal polymerizable (activated) double bond can also be successfully used (see EP 261 942).
  • Suitable carrier medium TM for the graft polymers PFP are preferably inert, predominantly lipophilic solvents of the type customary in additive technology, in particular mineral oils, for example of the SN100 type such as Shell SM 920 or gas oils such as Shell G07.
  • the preparation of the macromonomers can in close analogy to US-A 5,254,632 or based on DE-A 23 18 809; W. Radke, AHE Müller, Polym. Prepr. Chem. Soc., Polym. Chem., 32 (1) 1991 and H. Rauch-Puntigam, Th. Völker, acrylic and methacrylic compounds, Springer-Verlag 1967.
  • a shielding gas such as For example, nitrogen, for example, to 95 degrees C.
  • the initiator for example one usual per compound such as a Perester - called tert.Butyl-2-ethylhexanoate - to and then metered in the AMA monomer preferably in admixture with further initiator, as a basis, about 0.4% by weight Initiator referred to the monomers, while about 3.5 hours too.
  • a Perester - called tert.Butyl-2-ethylhexanoate -
  • Initiator referred to the monomers
  • a suitable reaction vessel for example a 6 l three-necked flask with heating, stirring device, Internal thermometer, air inlet and packed column with regulator-controlled vapor conductor is a mixture of the hydroxyl-containing precursor with methyl (meth) acrylate as an indication, a weight ratio of about 4.3: 3 called - preferably together with at least one known polymerization inhibitor, for example Hydroquinone monomethyl ether and a stabilizer, for example of the HALS type, called e.g. 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxide in the usual quantities submitted and expediently under air passage to Heated reflux.
  • MMA Assumed transesterification component.
  • the transesterification catalyst preferably a lithium compound such as lithium methoxide added as a supporter is about 0.1% based on the Methacrylic acid methyl ester added and continue at reflux held until the boiling point has dropped, about 65 - 68 degrees C. Subsequently, further methanol-rich Distillate withdrawn until by increasing the Boiling temperature - be called about 100 degrees C - a extensive sales is displayed. After distilling off from further distillate (at 100 degrees C) is the approach cooled to room temperature and filtered. The excess methyl ester is advantageously removed on a vacuum rotary evaporator. The macromonomer is obtained A dissolved in the carrier medium TM.
  • a mixture is prepared with carrier medium TM added.
  • carrier medium TM a smaller part, about 6.5 wt .-% in about 10 times the amount of carrier medium in an apparatus as for the preparation of the hydroxyl group-containing precursor used under an inert gas such as nitrogen on elevated Temperature, as a stop is 82 degrees C, heated.
  • a macromonomer A preferably of low molecular weight, together with at least one dispersing monomer C, preferably together with a regulator, in particular a sulfur regulator, may be mentioned as an approximate 0.1% by weight, based on the macromonomers / monomers , submitted and heated under a protective gas such as nitrogen, for example, to 100 degrees C and initiator, for example of the type mentioned and in amounts of about 0.8 wt .-% added.
  • a protective gas such as nitrogen
  • initiator for example of the type mentioned and in amounts of about 0.8 wt .-% added.
  • further initiator is advantageously added in portions of about 1/5 of that already added, and it still lasts for a longer period of time, for about 12 hours at elevated temperature, for example at 100 ° C. Further advantageous variants of the production process can be taken from the examples.
  • the graft polymers PFP are distinguished by an outstanding action as a viscosity index improver.
  • the improved viscosity-temperature characteristics can be demonstrated by viscosity measurements on model formulations.
  • Of particular importance is also the invention to be recorded, excellent dispersing effect.
  • the particularly favorable dispersing efficiency is evidenced for example by results of laboratory tests.
  • the following examples serve to illustrate the invention.
  • the determination of the actual viscosity is carried out according to ASTM D 445.
  • the molecular weight is determined by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) using standard PMMA (compare HF Mark et al., Encyclopedia of Polymer Science & Engineering, Vol. 10 , pg., 1-19, J. Wiley, 1987).
  • SEC size exclusion chromatography
  • PMMA standard PMMA
  • Shear Stability Index PSSI Shear Stability Index
  • Example A-1a The same apparatus as in Example A-1a) is used.
  • the 6 l flask is charged with: 1.396 g of 100 N oil, 155.1 g of methacrylic acid ester of a mixture of C 11 -C 16 -alkanols (product DOBANOL 25L) and 3.10 g of 2-mercaptoethanol and under nitrogen to 110 ° C heated.
  • Example A-1a The same apparatus as for Example A-1a).
  • the 6 l flask is charged with: 1.396 g of 100 N oil, 155.1 g of methacrylic acid ester of a mixture of C 11 -C 16 -alkanols (product DOBANOL 25L) and 1.55 g of 2-mercaptoethanol and under nitrogen to 110 ° C heated.
  • a mixture of 2 448.9 g of the above methacrylic ester, 25.5 g of 2-mercaptopanol and 24.5 g of tert-butyl per 2-ethylhexanoate continuously pumped.
  • Example A-1a An apparatus according to Example A-1a is used.
  • the monomer mixture is prepared from 227.7 g of macromonomer from Example A-1, 106.3 g of methacrylic acid ester of a mixture of C 11 -C 16 -alkanols (product DOBANOL 25 L) and 45.5 g of methyl methacrylate, 24.5 g of this monomer mixture are charged with 220.5 g of 100 N oil in the apparatus and heated to 82 degrees C under nitrogen.
  • Example A-1a The apparatus according to Example A-1a is used. 122.9 g of the macromonomer from Example A-2, 20.0 g of 2- (N-morpholinyl) -ethyl methacrylate and 0.15 g of dodecylmercaptan are placed in the three-necked flask and heated to 100 ° C. under nitrogen and then 1.0 g of tert Butylper-2-ethylhexanoate added. After 3 or 7 hours after the first initiator addition, in each case an additional 0.2 g of tert-butyl per-2-ethylhexanoate is added and the batch is kept at 100 ° C. for a further 12 hours. Yield:: 143 g of oil solution of the comb polymer PFP-2.
  • Example A-1 Apparatus as in Example A-1. 122.9 g of the macromonomer from Example A-3, 20 g of 2- (N-morpholinyl) -ethyl methacrylate and 0.15 g of dodecylmercaptan are placed in the three-necked flask and heated to 100 ° C. under nitrogen and then 1.0 g of tertiary Butylper-2-ethylhexanoate added. After 3 or 7 hours after the first initiator addition, in each case a further 0.2 g of initiator is added and the mixture is kept at 100 ° C. for a further 12 hours. Yield: 143 g of oil solution of the comb polymer PFP-3.
  • Example A-1 Apparatus as in Example A-1.
  • Example A-1 Apparatus as in Example A-1.
  • Example A-1a An apparatus according to Example A-1a is used.
  • the monomer mixture is prepared from 299.5 g of macromonomer from Example A-1, 65 g of methacrylic acid ester of a mixture of C 11 to C 16 -alkanols (product Dobanol 25 L), 65.0 g of methyl methacrylate and 70.5 g of 100 N oil , 50 g of this monomer mixture are placed in the apparatus and heated to 90 degrees C under nitrogen. After addition of 0.06 g of tert-butyl per-2-ethylhexanoate to the template, 450 g of the monomer mixture are continuously pumped in over 3.5 hours together with 0.59 g of tert-butyl 2-ethylhexanoate.
  • Example A-1a An apparatus according to Example A-1a is used.
  • the monomer mixture is prepared from 276.5 g macromonomer from Example A-1, 120.0 g n-butyl methacrylate and 103.5 g 100 N oil.
  • 75 g of this monomer mixture are placed in the apparatus and heated to 90 degrees C under nitrogen.
  • 425 g of the monomer mixture are continuously pumped in over 3.5 hours together with 0.51 g of tert-butyl per-2-ethylhexanoate.
  • Example A-1a An apparatus according to Example A-1a is used.
  • the monomer mixture is prepared from 207.4 g macromonomer from Example A-1, 165.0 g n-butyl methacrylate and 127.6 g 100 N oil. 75 g of this monomer mixture are introduced into the apparatus and heated to 85 ° C. under nitrogen. After addition of 0.09 g of tert-butyl per-2-ethylhexanoate for submission, 425 g of the monomer mixture are continuously pumped in over 3.5 hours together with 0.51 g of tert-butyl per-2-ethylhexanoate. 1.5 hours after the end of the feed, 250 g of 100 N oil are added for dilution.
  • Graft polymers For testing the emulsifier effect of Graft polymers may be the following toluene-water emulsified test for testing the dispersing effect of Soot-spot test can be applied.
  • the quantification of the emulsifying effect in% values takes place according to the scheme shown in Fig. 1b. This is the proportion of the observation period 5 minutes to 24 Hours present emulsion by the ratio of Area A is characterized by the total area A + B and in% values specified.
  • the additive to be tested is dissolved in 150 N oil (Enerpar 11) mixed two stock solutions: stock solution I with 0.375% polymer content and stock solution II with 0.75% Polymer content. From each stock solution become 2 Soot dispersion solutions prepared (double determination). For this purpose, in each case in a 150 ml beaker 1.5 g of carbon black (Flame black, Degussa special black 4) and 50 g stock solution weighed and then with an Ultra-Turrax Intensive stirrer stirred for 30 minutes at 9,000 u / minute. Thereafter, 20 ⁇ l of each dispersion solution Filter paper (paper Durieux 122) spotted. After 48 Hours of even storage at 30 degrees C will be the Punctuated flecks evaluated. For this, the diameter of the Soot stain and the diameter of the surrounding it Oil spill measured and their ratio in% stated:
  • the total score of the spot test is the sum of the four percentage ratings. Products with poor soot dispersion give overall ratings of about 70% and lower, products with good carbon black dispersion give overall ratings of ⁇ 130%.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)
  • Macromonomer-Based Addition Polymer (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Graft Or Block Polymers (AREA)

Abstract

Lubricating oil additive contains an amt. of graft polymers with a VI improving action. The graft polymers (PFP) are made up of polyalkylmethacrylate macromonomers (A) in amts. of 10-90 wt.%, which are copolymerised with alkyl(meth)acrylic acid esters (AMA) contg. 6-30C alkyls in amt. of 0-90 wt.% and with non-functionalised comonomers (B) chosen from alkyl(meth)acrylic acid esters contg. 1-5C alkyls, styrene, alkylstyrenes contg. 1-4C alkyls, and 2-12C fatty acid vinyl esters in amts. of 0-60 wt.%, and also with functionalised comonomers (C) chosen from functionalised (meth)acrylic acid esters and amides and vinyl heterocycles in amts. of 0-40 wt.%. The sum of the copolymerised monomers is 10-90 wt.% in a carrier medium (TM). The graft polymers are also claimed.

Description

Gebiet der ErfindungField of the invention

Die Erfindung betrifft die Verwendung von aus Makromonomeren gewonnenen Pfropfpolymerisaten als Schmierstoffadditive mit viskositätsindexverbessernder und dispergierender Wirkung.The invention relates to the use of macromonomers Graft polymers as lubricant additives with viscosity index improver and dispersant Effect.

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Seit einiger Zeit stehen der Technik sogenannte Kammpolymere (Comb polymers) zur Verfügung, die beispielsweise als polymere Stabilisatoren für Emulsionen Anwendung gefunden haben (vgl. G. Allen, J.C. Bevington, Comprehensive Polymer Science Vol. 4, pg. 248 - 250, Pergamon Press 1989).
Einen Zugang zu solchen Kammpolymeren eröffnet die radikalisch initiierte Copolymerisation von Makromonomeren mit (chemisch verschiedenen) Comonomeren. Die US-A 5,254,632 gibt ein relativ einfaches Verfahren zur Herstellung geeigneter Makromonomeren an, bei dem man (Meth)acrylsäureester in Gegegenwart eines hydroxygruppenhaltigen Schwefelreglers polymerisiert und die so erhaltenen hydroxylgruppenterminierten Polyalkyl(meth)-acrylate mit Methylmethacrylat zum Poly(meth)acrylatmakromonomeren mit Methacryloylendgruppe umestert. In dem US-Patent findet sich auch eine Zusammenstellung einschlägiger Literatur in der u.a. verschiedene Wege zur Herstellung der Makromonomeren beschrieben werden.
For some time, the technology so-called comb polymers (comb polymers) have been available, which have found use, for example, as polymeric stabilizers for emulsions (compare G. Allen, JC Bevington, Comprehensive Polymer Science Vol. 4 , pg. 248-250, Pergamon Press 1989).
Access to such comb polymers opens up the radical-initiated copolymerization of macromonomers with (chemically different) comonomers. US Pat. No. 5,254,632 discloses a relatively simple process for the preparation of suitable macromonomers in which (meth) acrylic acid esters are polymerized in the presence of a hydroxyl-containing sulfur regulator and the resulting hydroxyl-terminated polyalkyl (meth) acrylates with methyl methacrylate give the methacryloyl endblocked poly (meth) acrylate macromonomer transesterification. The US patent also contains a compilation of relevant literature in which, inter alia, various ways of preparing the macromonomers are described.

Die britische Anmeldung GB-A-1,053,529 betrifft öllösliche Copolymere und daraus hergestellte Schmierölzusammensetzungen. Die Copolymere werden hergestellt, indem Ester der Acrylsäure oder Methacrylsäure mit längerkettigen Alkoholen (C12 bis C24) bis zu einem Umsatz von etwa 50 - 90 % polymerisiert werden, dann in einem zweiten Schritt Methyl- und/oder Ethylacrylat zugegeben und anschließend zu Ende polymerisiert wird.British application GB-A-1,053,529 relates to oil-soluble copolymers and lubricating oil compositions prepared therefrom. The copolymers are prepared by polymerizing esters of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid with relatively long-chain alcohols (C 12 to C 24 ) to a conversion of about 50-90%, then adding methyl and / or ethyl acrylate in a second step and then terminating is polymerized.

Die europäische Anmeldung EP-A-0 382 493 beschreibt öllösliche, aminhaltige Copolymere, die aus einer Hauptkette und einer Vielzahl von polymeren Seitenketten mit basischen Aminogruppen bestehen. Die Polymere können hergestellt werden, indem entweder die aminhaltigen Seitenketten auf eine Polymerkette aufgepropft werden, oder indem zuerst ein amingruppen-haltiges Makromonomer hergestellt wird, welches dann mit weiteren Monomeren copolymerisiert wird. European application EP-A-0 382 493 describes oil-soluble, amine-containing Copolymers consisting of a main chain and a variety of polymers Side chains with basic amino groups exist. The polymers can be prepared by either the amine-containing side chains on a Grafted polymer chain, or by first an amine-containing Macromonomer is prepared, which then with other monomers is copolymerized.

Aufgabe und LösungTask and solution

Die aus den geschilderten Entwicklungen ableitbaren Kammpolymeren bieten sich für mannigfaltige Anwendungsbereiche an, wobei aufgrund der Strukturen der Einsatz als Emulgatoren besonderes Interesse beanspruchen konnte. Die strukturellen Merkmale schienen nicht unbedingt eine besondere Eignung derartiger Kammpolymerer als Viskositäts-Index-Verbesserer (VI-Verbesserer) in Schmierölen zu versprechen.The derivable from the described developments Comb polymers offer a variety of applications due to the structures of the use as Emulsifiers could claim special interest. The structural features did not necessarily seem one particular suitability of such comb polymers as Viscosity Index Improver (VI improver) in Promise lubricating oils.

Andererseits besteht durchaus ein Bedürfnis nach wirksamen VI-Verbesserern, insbesondere auch dispergierwirksamen VI-Verbesserern als Schmierstoffadditive.On the other hand, there is a need for effective VI improvers, in particular dispersing VI improvers as lubricant additives.

Es wurde nun gefunden, daß die erfindungsgemäßen Schmierstoffadditive auf der Basis von bestimmten Kammpolymeren die Anforderungen der Schmierstofftechnik in besonderem Maße erfüllen.It has now been found that the inventive Lubricant additives based on certain Comb polymers the requirements of the lubricant technology in fulfill special requirements.

Die Erfindung betrifft demnach die Verwendung von Pfropfpolymeren PFP aufgebaut aus Polyalkylmethacrylat-Makromonomeren (A), copolymerisiert mit Alkyl(meth)acrylsäureestern mit C6-C30-Alkylresten (AMA), mit nicht-funktionalisierten Comonomeren (B) ausgewählt aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Alkyl(meth)acrylsäureestern mit C1-C5-Alkylresten, Styrol und Alkylstyrolen mit C1-C4-Alkylresten und der Vinylester sowie funktionalisierten Comonomeren (C) ausgewählt aus der Gruppe der (Meth)acrylsäureester, der (Meth)acrylamide, der Vinyl-Heterocyclen, in einem Trägermedium TM als Schmierstoffadditive gemäß dem Anspruch 1.The invention accordingly relates to the use of graft polymers PFP composed of polyalkyl methacrylate macromonomers (A) copolymerized with alkyl (meth) acrylates having C 6 -C 30 -alkyl radicals (AMA) with non-functionalized comonomers (B) selected from the group consisting from alkyl (meth) acrylates with C 1 -C 5 -alkyl radicals, styrene and alkylstyrenes with C 1 -C 4 -alkyl radicals and the vinyl esters and functionalized comonomers (C) selected from the group of (meth) acrylic esters, the (meth) acrylamides , the vinyl heterocycle, in a carrier medium TM as lubricant additives according to claim 1.

In der Regel stehen die Komponenten, aus denen die Pfropfpolymere PFP aufgebaut sind in folgenden Gewichtsrelationen: (Summe der Anteile im allgem. = 100 Gew.-%) In general, the components that make up the Graft polymers PFP are constructed in the following Weight relations: (sum of the shares in general = 100% by weight)

Makromonomere (A) = 10 - 90 Gew.-%, Alkyl(meth)acrylsäureester mit C6-C30-Alkylresten, (AMA) = 0 - 90 Gew.-% Nichtfunktionalisierte Comonomere, (B) = 0 - 60 Gew.-% und funktionalisierte Comonomere (C) = 0 - 40 Gew.-%.Macromonomers (A) = 10 - 90 wt .-%, alkyl (meth) acrylic acid esters with C 6 -C 30 -alkyl radicals, (AMA) = 0 - 90 wt .-% of non-functionalized comonomers, (B) = 0 - 60 wt. % and functionalized comonomers (C) = 0-40% by weight.

In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsart der Erfindung kann die Struktur der anzuwendenden Pfropfpolymere PFP schematisch durch die folgende Formel I wiedergegeben werden, jedoch fallen auch abweichende Ausgestaltungen unter die vorliegende Erfindung.

Figure 00040001

X =
biradikalischer Rest
R1 =
-H oder -CH3
R2 =
-H oder -CH3
R3 =
-H oder -CH3
n =
6 bis 30
m =
6 bis 30
p =
mittlerer Polymerisationsgrad des Makromonomeren (A)
(-co- steht als übliche Kurzschreibweise für "copolymerisiert mit") In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the structure of the graft polymers PFP to be used can be schematically represented by the following formula I, but deviating embodiments are also included in the present invention.
Figure 00040001
X =
biradical residue
R 1 =
-H or -CH 3
R 2 =
-H or -CH 3
R 3 =
-H or -CH 3
n =
6 to 30
m =
6 to 30
p =
average degree of polymerization of the macromonomer (A)
(-co- stands as a common abbreviation for "copolymerized with")

Bei der Herstellung der Pfropfpolymeren PFP kann vorzugsweise von dem Makromonomeren der Formel II ausgegangen werden:

Figure 00050001

X =
biradikalischer Rest
R1 =
-H oder -CH3
R2 =
-H oder -CH3
n =
6 bis 30
p =
mittlerer Polymerisationsgrad des Makromonomeren
In the preparation of the graft polymers PFP, preference may be given to the macromonomer of the formula II:
Figure 00050001
X =
biradical residue
R 1 =
-H or -CH 3
R 2 =
-H or -CH 3
n =
6 to 30
p =
average degree of polymerization of the macromonomer

Dabei ist p vorzugsweise so bemessen, daß MW das gewichtsmittlere Molekulargewicht des Makromonomeren der Formel II im Bereich 1 000 bis 100 000 liegt.
Vorzugsweise steht der biradikalische Rest X für eine mindestens zwei- und bis 30-gliedrige KohlenwasserstoffKette, vorzugsweise mit einer -S-Brücke direkt anschließend an den polymeren Teil von I, wobei gegebenenfalls bis 9 Kohlenstoffglieder durch Ethersauerstoff ersetzt sein können. Ferner kann im Rest X die Kette noch durch funktionelle Reste der Formel

Figure 00050002
worin R9 für Wasserstoff oder einen Alkylrest mit 1 - 8 Kohlenstoffatomen steht, oder einen Phenylrest, unterbrochen sein. In this case, p is preferably such that M W is the weight-average molecular weight of the macromonomer of the formula II in the range from 1 000 to 100 000.
Preferably, the biradical radical X is an at least two- and up to 30-membered hydrocarbon chain, preferably with an -S-bridge directly following the polymeric part of I, it being possible for up to 9 carbon atoms to be replaced by ether oxygen. Furthermore, in the radical X, the chain can still be replaced by functional radicals of the formula
Figure 00050002
wherein R 9 is hydrogen or an alkyl radical having 1-8 carbon atoms, or a phenyl radical, to be interrupted.

Die Alkyl(meth)acrylate AMA lassen sich im allgemeinen durch die Formel III ausdrücken:

Figure 00060001

R'1 =
H oder CH3
n =
6 bis 30
The alkyl (meth) acrylates AMA can generally be expressed by the formula III:
Figure 00060001
R ' 1 =
H or CH 3
n =
6 to 30

Die Comonomeren (B) entsprechen in der Regel den Formeln IV oder V

Figure 00060002

R"1 =
H oder CH3
R3 =
C1-C5-Alkyl, vorzugsweise C1-C4-Alkyl
oder der Formel V
Figure 00060003
R'''1 =
H oder CH3
R4 =
H oder C1-C4-Alkyl
oder der Formel VI
Figure 00060004
R5 =
C1-C11-Alkyl,
The comonomers (B) generally correspond to the formulas IV or V
Figure 00060002
R " 1 =
H or CH 3
R 3 =
C 1 -C 5 -alkyl, preferably C 1 -C 4 -alkyl
or the formula V
Figure 00060003
R ''' 1 =
H or CH 3
R 4 =
H or C 1 -C 4 -alkyl
or the formula VI
Figure 00060004
R 5 =
C 1 -C 11 -alkyl,

Genannt seien als Vertreter der Comonomeren der Formel VI das Vinylacetat, Vinylpropionat, Vinylisobutyrat, Vinyl-2-ethylhexoat, Vinylester der Kokosfettsäuren, der C10-Oxosäuren (vgl. Kirk-Othmer, 3rd. Ed. Vol. 4, 863 - 871, J. Wiley 1978), als Vertreter der Formel IV insbesondere das Methylmethacrylat (Monomer IV-a).Mention may be made as representatives of the comonomers of the formula VI, the vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, vinyl isobutyrate, vinyl 2-ethylhexoate, vinyl esters of coconut fatty acids, the C 10 -oxo acids (see Kirk-Othmer, 3rd Ed., Vol 4 , 863-871, J. Wiley 1978), as a representative of the formula IV, in particular the methyl methacrylate (monomer IV-a).

Die (mit den vorgenannten Comonomeren nicht identischen) funktionalisierten, insbesondere dispergierwirksamen Comonomeren (C) können bevorzugt durch die Formel VII wiedergegeben werden:

Figure 00070001
worin RIV 1 für Wasserstoff oder Methyl, R6 für -OR9 -NR7R8 steht und worin R9 für einen mit mindestens einem hydrophilen Rest A ausgewählt aus der Gruppe bestehend aus dem Hydroxyrest, einem -NR'7R'8 Rest, dem Sulfonsäurerest, dem Carboxylrest oder Carboxamidrest oder eine, an sich wasserlöslichen, fünf- bis sechsgliedrigen Heterocyclussubstituierten Alkylrest mit 2 bis 20 Kohlenstoffatomen, wobei die Kohlenstoffkette durch Etherbrücken unterbrochen oder endständig mit einem gegebenenfalls mit C1-C12-Alkylsubstituierten Phenyl- oder Phenoxyrest besetzt sein kann und worin R'7 und R'8 für Wasserstoff oder für einen gegebenenfalls mit einem hydrophilen Rest A substituierten Alkylrest mit 1 bis 6 Kohlenstoffatomen stehen oder worin R'7 und R'8 gegebenenfalls unter Einbeziehung weiterer Stickstoff- oder Sauerstoffatome einen 5- oder 6-gliedrigen Heterocyclus bilden und worin R'7 und R'8 für Wasserstoff oder einen Alkylrest mit 1 bis 6 Kohlenstoffatomen steht, wobei -NR'7R'8 gegebenenfalls quaterniert sein kann oder wenn R7 für Wasserstoff steht R8 für eine Carboxamidogruppe stehen kann. Vorzugsweise sind die funktionalisierten Comonomeren (C) ausgewählt aus der Gruppe bestehend aus gegebenenfalls substituierten (Meth)acrylamid, Hydroxyalkylestern der (Meth)acrylsäure wie 2-Hydroxyethyl(meth)acrylat, 2-Hydroxyropyl(meth)-acrylat, aminsubstituierte Alkylester wie 2-Diethylaminoethyl(meth)acrylat, 2-(1-Imidazolyl)ethyl(meth)acrylat, 2-(4-Morpholinyl)ethyl(meth)acrylat, 2-Trimethylammoniumethyl(meth)acrylat-Salz, hydroxalkylsubstituierten (Meth)acrylamiden wie N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)(meth)acrylamid, N-(3-Hydroxy-2,2-dimethylpropyl) (meth)acrylamid, N-Dimethylaminomethyl(meth)-acrylamid, N-(meth)acryloidopyrrolidon-2-, N-(Meth)acrylamidomethylpyrrolidon, N-(1-Piperidinylmethyl)-(meth)acrylamid, quaternäre Ammoniumverbindungen wie N-Trimethylammoniumpropyl(meth)acrylamid-Salz, Sulfonsäurederivate wie 2-(Meth)acrylamido-2-methylpropansulfonsäure oder den N-(Meth)acryloylharnstoff. Genannt seien insbesondere das 2-(N-Morpholinyl)ethylmethacrylat (= Monomer VII-a), N-Vinylpyrrolidon (= Monomer VIII-a).
Von besonderem Interesse sind Monomere der Formel VII worin R6 für den Rest eines alkoxylierten Alkanols oder Phenols steht (Comonomere der Formel VII-A).
Figure 00080001

R'1 =
-H oder -CH3
k =
5 bis 100
i =
0 bis 100
R11 =
CnH2n+1 verzweigt oder unverzweigt oder gegebenenfalls substituiertes Phenol
n =
1 bis 22
The (not identical with the aforementioned comonomers) functionalized, in particular dispersing comonomers (C) can be preferably represented by the formula VII:
Figure 00070001
wherein R IV 1 is hydrogen or methyl, R 6 is -OR 9 -NR 7 R 8 and wherein R 9 is one having at least one hydrophilic radical A selected from the group consisting of the hydroxy radical, a -NR ' 7 R' 8 A radical, the sulfonic acid radical, the carboxyl radical or carboxamide radical or a water-soluble, five- to six-membered heterocycle-substituted alkyl radical having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, wherein the carbon chain interrupted by ether bridges or terminally with a possibly with C 1 -C 12 alkyl-substituted phenyl or Phenoxy may be occupied and wherein R ' 7 and R' 8 is hydrogen or an optionally substituted with a hydrophilic radical A alkyl radical having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or wherein R ' 7 and R' 8 optionally with the inclusion of further nitrogen or oxygen atoms Form a 5- or 6-membered heterocycle and wherein R ' 7 and R' 8 are hydrogen or an alkyl radical having 1 to 6 carbon atoms t, where -NR ' 7 R' 8 may optionally be quaternized or when R 7 is hydrogen R 8 may be a carboxamido group. Preferably, the functionalized comonomers (C) are selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted (meth) acrylamide, hydroxyalkyl esters of (meth) acrylic acid such as 2-hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl (meth) acrylate, amine-substituted alkyl esters such as Diethylaminoethyl (meth) acrylate, 2- (1-imidazolyl) ethyl (meth) acrylate, 2- (4-morpholinyl) ethyl (meth) acrylate, 2-trimethylammoniumethyl (meth) acrylate salt, hydroxalkyl-substituted (meth) acrylamides, such as N- (2-hydroxyethyl) (meth) acrylamide, N- (3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethylpropyl) (meth) acrylamide, N-dimethylaminomethyl (meth) acrylamide, N- (meth) acryloidopyrrolidone-2, N- ( Meth) acrylamidomethylpyrrolidone, N- (1-piperidinylmethyl) - (meth) acrylamide, quaternary ammonium compounds such as N-trimethylammoniumpropyl (meth) acrylamide salt, sulfonic acid derivatives such as 2- (meth) acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid or N- (meth) acryloylurea , Particular mention may be made of 2- (N-morpholinyl) ethyl methacrylate (= monomer VII-a), N-vinylpyrrolidone (= monomer VIII-a).
Of particular interest are monomers of the formula VII in which R 6 is the radical of an alkoxylated alkanol or phenol (comonomers of the formula VII-A).
Figure 00080001
R ' 1 =
-H or -CH 3
k =
5 to 100
i =
0 to 100
R 11 =
C n H 2n + 1 branched or unbranched or optionally substituted phenol
n =
1 to 22

Als besonders günstig sind Vertreter der Formel VII-A einzuschätzen, bei denen R11 von technischen Phenolen bzw. Phenolgemischen stammt. Genannt seien neben dem Phenol selbst tert.Butylphenol, Octylphenol, Nonylphenol, Dinonylphenol.
Ferner können die funktionalisierten Comonomeren (C) der Gruppe der Formel VIII angehören

Figure 00090001
worin R10 für einen mindestens ein Stickstoffatom enthaltenden 5- oder 6-gliedrigen Heterocyclus steht. Vorzugsweise sind die Comonomeren der Formel VIII ausgewählt aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Vinylpyrrolidone wie das 1-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidon, Vinylimidazol, N-Vinylcarbazol, N-Vinylsuccinimid, N-Vinyloxazolidon, N-Vinylphthalimid, Vinylpyridine wie das 2-Vinylpyridin.Representatives of the formula VII-A in which R 11 is derived from industrial phenols or phenol mixtures are to be considered as particularly favorable. In addition to the phenol itself, mention may be made of tert-butylphenol, octylphenol, nonylphenol, dinonylphenol.
Furthermore, the functionalized comonomers (C) may belong to the group of formula VIII
Figure 00090001
wherein R 10 is a 5- or 6-membered heterocycle containing at least one nitrogen atom. The comonomers of the formula VIII are preferably selected from the group consisting of vinylpyrrolidones, such as 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone, vinylimidazole, N-vinylcarbazole, N-vinylsuccinimide, N-vinyloxazolidone, N-vinylphthalimide, vinylpyridines, such as 2-vinylpyridine.

Als Ausgangsprodukte für die Herstellung der Pfropfpolymeren PFP können auch funktionalisierte Poly(meth)acrylat-Makromonomere eingesetzt werden. Vorzugsweise fallen diese unter die Formel II-A

Figure 00100001

R1 =
-H oder -CH3
R2 =
-H oder -CH3
n =
6 bis 30
wobei mit (B') die gleichen Comonomeren wie in (B) und in (C') die gleichen Comonomeren wie in (C) umfaßt sein sollen.Functionalized poly (meth) acrylate macromonomers can also be used as starting materials for the preparation of the graft polymers PFP. Preferably, these fall under the formula II-A
Figure 00100001
R 1 =
-H or -CH 3
R 2 =
-H or -CH 3
n =
6 to 30
where (B ') the same comonomers as in (B) and in (C') the same comonomers as in (C) are to be included.

Gewichtsmittleres Molekulargewicht des Makromonomeren: Mw = 1 000 bis 100 000.Weight-average molecular weight of the macromonomer: M w = 1,000 to 100,000.

Das Makromonomer II-A kann dabei nach den folgenden Gewichtsrelationen aufgebaut sein: Anteil AMA 0 - 90 Gew.-%, Anteil Comonomer (B') 0 - 40 Gew.-%, Anteil (C') 0 bis 100 Gew.-%.The macromonomer II-A can according to the following Weight relations be constructed: proportion AMA 0 - 90 % By weight, proportion of comonomer (B ') 0-40% by weight, proportion (C') 0 to 100% by weight.

Die vorliegende Erfindung kann sich vorteilhaft des Verfahrens zur Herstellung von Makromonomeren der allgemeinen Formel II

Figure 00100002
worin

R1 und R2
für Wasserstoff oder Methyl
X
für einen biradikalischen Rest und
n
für eine ganze Zahl von 5 bis 30 steht, mit der Maßgabe, daß p so bemessen ist, daß das Molekulargewicht M der Makromonomeren II im Bereich 1 000 bis 100000 g/mol liegt,
gemäß DE-A 41 21 811 bzw. US-A 5,254,632 bedienen, wobei man monomere Ester der Formel IX
Figure 00110001
worin
R12
für einen Alkylrest mit 1 bis 8 Kohlenstoffatomen steht mit einem hydroxylgruppenterminierten Polyalkylmethacrylat der Formel X
Figure 00110002
worin X, R2 und n die oben bezeichneten Bedeutungen besitzen mit der Maßgabe, daß p' mit p übereinstimmt unter Abspaltung des Alkohols HOR12, umestert, wobei die Verbindung der Formel II gebildet wird.The present invention may be advantageous in the process for preparing macromonomers of general formula II
Figure 00100002
wherein
R 1 and R 2
for hydrogen or methyl
X
for a biradical rest and
n
is an integer from 5 to 30, with the proviso that p is such that the molecular weight M of the macromonomers II is in the range 1000 to 100000 g / mol,
in accordance with DE-A 41 21 811 or US Pat. No. 5,254,632, wherein monomeric esters of the formula IX
Figure 00110001
wherein
R 12
represents an alkyl radical having 1 to 8 carbon atoms with a hydroxyl-terminated polyalkyl methacrylate of the formula X.
Figure 00110002
wherein X, R 2 and n have the meanings given above with the proviso that p 'coincides with p with elimination of the alcohol HOR 12 , transesterifying, whereby the compound of the formula II is formed.

Nach dem bevorzugten Herstellungsverfahren der Makromonomeren erhält man die Verbindungen der Formel X indem man die Monomeren bzw. Monomerengemische der (Meth)acrylester in Gegenwart eines OH-funktionellen Reglers, vorzugsweise eines Schwefelreglers, polymerisiert, beispielsweise in Gegenwart von 2-Mercaptoethanol (vgl. US-A 5,254,632). Im letzteren Falle nimmt X die Struktur -(CH2)2S- an. Jedoch können mit gutem Erfolg auch andere Methoden des Standes der Technik zur Anwendung kommen, die zur Herstellung eines PAMA-Makromonomeren mit gleicher Monomerzusammensetzung mit relativ hoher Funktionalität an endständiger polymerisierbarer (aktivierter) Doppelbindung geeignet sind (vgl. EP 261 942). Von besonderer Bedeutung sind Makromonomere (A) aufgebaut aus (Meth)acrylsäureestern von handelsüblichen Gemischen von Alkoholen in dem beanspruchten C6-C30-Bereich, insbesondere im Bereich mittlerer C-Zahlen von ca. 10 bis ca. 20, besonders auch im Bereich von ca. 12 - 18, speziell mit Schwerpunkten in den Bereichen 12,2 - 15. Genannt seien z.B. die (Methacrylsäureester eines Gemischs von C11-C16-Alkoholen mit einer durchschnittlichen C-Zahl von 13,2 - 13,8 (Handelsprodukt DOBANOL 25L der Shell AG).
Als Trägermedium TM für die Pfropfpolymeren PFP kommen vorzugsweise inerte, vorwiegend lipophile Lösemittel der in der Additivtechnologie üblichen Art infrage, insbesondere Mineralöle beispielsweise vom Typ der SN100 wie z.B. Shell SM 920 oder auch Gasöle wie z.B. Shell G07.
Die Herstellung der Makromonomeren kann in enger Analogie zur US-A 5,254,632 bzw. in Anlehnung an DE-A 23 18 809; W. Radke, A.H.E. Müller, Polym. Prepr. (Am. Chem. Soc. Div. Polym. Chem) 32(1) 1991 und H. Rauch-Puntigam, Th. Völker, Acryl- und Methacrylverbindungen, Springer-Verlag 1967 vorgenommen werden.
According to the preferred preparation process of the macromonomers, the compounds of the formula X are obtained by polymerizing the monomers or monomer mixtures of the (meth) acrylic esters in the presence of an OH-functional regulator, preferably a sulfur regulator, for example in the presence of 2-mercaptoethanol (cf. -A 5,254,632). In the latter case, X assumes the structure - (CH 2 ) 2 S-. However, other prior art methods which are suitable for producing a PAMA macromonomer having the same monomer composition with relatively high functionality of terminal polymerizable (activated) double bond can also be successfully used (see EP 261 942). Of particular importance are macromonomers (A) synthesized from (meth) acrylic acid esters of commercially available mixtures of alcohols in the claimed C 6 -C 30 range, in particular in the range of average C numbers of about 10 to about 20, especially in the range from about 12 to 18, especially with emphasis in the areas 12.2 to 15. Mention may be made, for example, of the (methacrylic acid esters of a mixture of C 11 -C 16 -alcohols having an average C number of 13.2 to 13.8 ( Commercial product DOBANOL 25L from Shell AG).
Suitable carrier medium TM for the graft polymers PFP are preferably inert, predominantly lipophilic solvents of the type customary in additive technology, in particular mineral oils, for example of the SN100 type such as Shell SM 920 or gas oils such as Shell G07.
The preparation of the macromonomers can in close analogy to US-A 5,254,632 or based on DE-A 23 18 809; W. Radke, AHE Müller, Polym. Prepr. Chem. Soc., Polym. Chem., 32 (1) 1991 and H. Rauch-Puntigam, Th. Völker, acrylic and methacrylic compounds, Springer-Verlag 1967.

Herstellung der Makromonomeren (A)Preparation of Macromonomers (A) - Herstellung der hydroxylgruppenhaltigen Vorstufe- Preparation of the hydroxyl group-containing precursor

Zweckmäßig gibt man ein Gemisch aus den Alkyl(meth)-acrylaten AMA zusammen mit dem Molekulargewichtsregler, wie beispielsweise Mercaptoethanol - als Anhalt seien ca. 1,0 Gew.-% bezogen auf die Monomeren genannt - in einem geeigneten Reaktionsgefäß wie z.B. einem Dreihalskolben mit Heizung, Rührvorrichtung, Innenthermometer, Gaseinleitungsvorrichtung und Rückflußkühler in beispielsweise der etwa 10-fachen Menge des Trägermediums TM vor und erhitzt unter Einleitung eines Schutzgases wie beispielsweise Stickstoff, beispielsweise auf 95 Grad C. Man gibt nunmehr den Initiator, beispielsweise eine an sich übliche Perverbindung wie beispielsweise einen Perester - genannt sei tert.Butyl-2-ethylhexanoat - zu und dosiert dann das AMA-Monomer vorzugsweise im Gemisch mit weiterem Initiator, als Anhalt seien etwa 0,4 Gew-% Initiator bezogen auf die Monomeren genannt, während etwa 3,5 Stunden zu. Vorteilhafterweise gibt man nach Zulaufende in gewissen Abständen - etwa nach jeweils 2,5 und nach 5 Stunden - ca. die Hälfte des Initiators zu und hält über einen längeren Zeitraum, etwa 12 Stunden, bei ca. 95 Grad C. Anschließend verdünnt man zweckmäßig mit dem Trägermedium TM.It is expedient to add a mixture of the alkyl (meth) acrylates AMA together with the molecular weight regulator, such as mercaptoethanol - as a basis, approx. 1.0 wt .-% based on the monomers called - in one suitable reaction vessel such as e.g. a three-necked flask with heating, stirrer, internal thermometer, Gas introduction device and reflux condenser in for example, about 10 times the amount of the carrier medium TM and heated under introduction of a shielding gas such as For example, nitrogen, for example, to 95 degrees C. One now specifies the initiator, for example one usual per compound such as a Perester - called tert.Butyl-2-ethylhexanoate - to and then metered in the AMA monomer preferably in admixture with further initiator, as a basis, about 0.4% by weight Initiator referred to the monomers, while about 3.5 hours too. Advantageously, one gives way Incoming ends at intervals - about every 2.5 and after 5 hours - about half of the initiator to and Stays for a longer period, about 12 hours about 95 degrees C. Then you dilute appropriately with the carrier medium TM.

- Umesterung- transesterification

In einem geeigneten Reaktionsgefäß, beispielsweise einem 6 l Dreihalskolben mit Heizung, Rührvorrichtung, Innenthermometer, Lufteinleitung und Füllkörperkolonne mit reglergesteuertem Dampfleiter wird ein Gemisch aus der hydroxylgruppenhaltigen Vorstufe mit Methyl(meth)acrylat - als Anhalt sei ein Gewichtsverhältnis von etwa 4,3 : 3 genannt - vorzugsweise zusammen mit mindestens einem an sich bekannten Polymerisationsinhibitor, beispielsweise Hydrochinonmonomethylether und einem Stabilisator, beispielsweise vom HALS-Typ, genannt sei z.B. 4-Hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-oxid in den üblichen Mengen vorgelegt und zweckmäßig unter Luftdurchleitung zum Rückfluß erwärmt. Im folgenden wird MMA als Umesterungskomponente vorausgesetzt. Nachdem ein gewisser Anteil übergegangen ist, wird der Umesterungskatalysator; vorzugsweise eine Lithium-Verbindung wie Lithiummethoxid zugesetzt, als Anhalt sei etwa 0,1 % bezogen auf den Methacrylsäuremethylester zugesetzt und weiter am Rückfluß gehalten, bis die Siedetemperatur abgefallen ist, etwa auf 65 - 68 Grad C. Anschließend wird weiter Methanol-reiches Destillat abgezogen bis durch Anstieg der Siedetemperatur - genannt seien etwa 100 Grad C - ein weitgehender Umsatz angezeigt wird. Nach Abdestillieren von weiterem Destillat (bei 100 Grad C) wird der Ansatz auf Raumtemperatur gekühlt und filtriert. Den überschüssigen Methylester entfernt man vorteilhafterweise am Vakuumrotationsverdampfer. Man erhält das Makromonomere A in dem Trägermedium TM gelöst.In a suitable reaction vessel, for example a 6 l three-necked flask with heating, stirring device, Internal thermometer, air inlet and packed column with regulator-controlled vapor conductor is a mixture of the hydroxyl-containing precursor with methyl (meth) acrylate as an indication, a weight ratio of about 4.3: 3 called - preferably together with at least one known polymerization inhibitor, for example Hydroquinone monomethyl ether and a stabilizer, for example of the HALS type, called e.g. 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxide in the usual quantities submitted and expediently under air passage to Heated reflux. The following is MMA as Assumed transesterification component. After a certain Share is transferred, the transesterification catalyst; preferably a lithium compound such as lithium methoxide added as a supporter is about 0.1% based on the Methacrylic acid methyl ester added and continue at reflux held until the boiling point has dropped, about 65 - 68 degrees C. Subsequently, further methanol-rich Distillate withdrawn until by increasing the Boiling temperature - be called about 100 degrees C - a extensive sales is displayed. After distilling off from further distillate (at 100 degrees C) is the approach cooled to room temperature and filtered. The excess methyl ester is advantageously removed on a vacuum rotary evaporator. The macromonomer is obtained A dissolved in the carrier medium TM.

Herstellung eines hochmolekularen Pfropfpolymeren PFPPreparation of a high molecular weight graft polymer PFP

Aus dem vorzugsweise wie vorstehend beschrieben hergestellten Makromonomeren A sowie dem AMA-Monomeren und gegebenenfalls dem Comonomeren B im gewünschten Verhältnis wird eine Mischung hergestellt, mit Trägermedium TM versetzt. Davon wird ein kleinerer Teil, etwa 6,5 Gew.-% in ca. der 10-fachen Menge Trägermedium in einer Apparatur wie zur Herstellung der hydroxylgruppenhaltigen Vorstufe verwendet unter einem Schutzgas wie Stickstoff auf erhöhte Temperatur, als Anhalt seien 82 Grad C genannt, erwärmt. Nach Zugabe von Radikalinitiator zu der Vorlage setzt man innerhalb eines gewissen Zeitraums, beispielsweise 3,5 Stunden, die weitere Monomermischung zusammen mit Initiator zu, zweckmäßig durch kontinuierliches Zupumpen. Nach einem längeren Zeitabschnitt ab Zulaufende, genannt seien ca. 12 Stunden, wird weiterer Initiator zugegeben und noch einige Stunden, beispielsweise 8 Stunden, bei erhöhter Temperatur (ca. 82 Grad C) reagieren lassen. Anschließend wird zweckmäßig durch Zugabe von Trägermedium TM verdünnt (z.B. zu einer ca. 40 %igen Lösung).From the preferably as described above prepared macromonomer A and the AMA monomers and optionally the comonomer B in the desired ratio a mixture is prepared with carrier medium TM added. Of which, a smaller part, about 6.5 wt .-% in about 10 times the amount of carrier medium in an apparatus as for the preparation of the hydroxyl group-containing precursor used under an inert gas such as nitrogen on elevated Temperature, as a stop is 82 degrees C, heated. After adding radical initiator to the template, place within a certain period of time, for example 3.5 Hours, the more monomer mixture along with Initiator to, expediently by continuous pumping. After a longer period of time from the inlet end, called be about 12 hours, more initiator is added and a few more hours, for example 8 hours elevated temperature (about 82 degrees C) react. It is then expedient by adding carrier medium TM (e.g., to about 40% solution).

Herstellung eines dispergierwirksamen KammpolymerenPreparation of a dispersing comb polymer

In der vorstehend beschriebenen Apparatur wird ein Makromonomer A, vorzugsweise mit niederem Molekulargewicht zusammen mit mindestens einem dispergierwirksamen Monomeren C, vorzugsweise zusammen mit einem Regler, insbesondere einem Schwefelregler, als Anhalt seien etwa 0,1 Gew.-% bezogen auf die Makromonomeren/Monomeren genannt, vorgelegt und unter einem Schutzgas wie beispielsweise Stickstoff erwärmt, beispielsweise auf 100 Grad C und Initiator beispielsweise der genannten Art und in Mengen von ca. 0,8 Gew.-% zugegeben. Man gibt vorteilhaft im Abstand einiger Stunden, beispielsweise nach 3 und 7 Stunden noch weiteren Initiator vorteilhaft in Portionen von etwa 1/5 des bereits zugesetzten hinzu und hält noch über einen längeren Zeitraum, etwa 12 Stunden bei erhöhter Temperatur, beispielsweise bei 100 Grad C.
Weitere vorteilhafte Varianten der Herstellungsverfahren lassen sich den Beispielen entnehmen.
In the apparatus described above, a macromonomer A, preferably of low molecular weight, together with at least one dispersing monomer C, preferably together with a regulator, in particular a sulfur regulator, may be mentioned as an approximate 0.1% by weight, based on the macromonomers / monomers , submitted and heated under a protective gas such as nitrogen, for example, to 100 degrees C and initiator, for example of the type mentioned and in amounts of about 0.8 wt .-% added. Advantageously, at intervals of a few hours, for example after 3 and 7 hours, further initiator is advantageously added in portions of about 1/5 of that already added, and it still lasts for a longer period of time, for about 12 hours at elevated temperature, for example at 100 ° C.
Further advantageous variants of the production process can be taken from the examples.

Vorteilhafte WirkungenAdvantageous effects

Die Pfropfpolymerisate PFP zeichnen sich durch eine hervorragende Wirkung als Viskositäts-Index-Verbesserer aus. Die verbesserte Viskositäts-Temperatur-Charakteristik kann anhand von Viskositätsmessungen an Modell-Formulierungen demonstriert werden.
Von besonderer Bedeutung ist ferner die erfindungsgemäß zu verzeichnende, ausgezeichnete Dispergierwirkung. Die besonders günstige Dispergierwirksamkeit wird z.B. durch Ergebnisse von Labortests belegt.
The graft polymers PFP are distinguished by an outstanding action as a viscosity index improver. The improved viscosity-temperature characteristics can be demonstrated by viscosity measurements on model formulations.
Of particular importance is also the invention to be recorded, excellent dispersing effect. The particularly favorable dispersing efficiency is evidenced for example by results of laboratory tests.

Die folgenden Beispiele dienen zur Erläuterung der Erfindung. Die Bestimmung der aktuellen Viskosität wird nach ASTM D 445 vorgenommen. Das Molgewicht wird durch "Size Exclusion Chromatographie" (SEC) mit Standard PMMA bestimmt (vgl. H.F. Mark et al. Encyclopedia of Polymer Science & Engingeering, Vol. 10, pg. 1 - 19, J. Wiley 1987). Das in den Beispielen verwendete 100 N-Öl stellt ein Shell SM 920 dar.The following examples serve to illustrate the invention. The determination of the actual viscosity is carried out according to ASTM D 445. The molecular weight is determined by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) using standard PMMA (compare HF Mark et al., Encyclopedia of Polymer Science & Engineering, Vol. 10 , pg., 1-19, J. Wiley, 1987). The 100 N oil used in the examples represents a Shell SM 920.

Bestimmung der Scherstabilität (Scherstabilitätsindex) PSSI wird nach ASTM D 2603 Ref. B vorgenommen. Determination of Shear Stability (Shear Stability Index) PSSI is made in accordance with ASTM D 2603 ref.

BEISPIELEEXAMPLES Herstellung der Makromonomeren APreparation of Macromonomers A A-1A-1 Herstellung eines PAMA-Makromonomeren, MW = 19 000.Preparation of a PAMA macromonomer, M W = 19,000. a) Herstellung der Vorstufe mit OH-Substituenta) Preparation of the precursor with OH substituent

Aus 1 170 g des Methacrylsäureesters eines Gemischs von C11-C16-Alkanolen (Produkt DOBANOL 25L der Shell AG) und 11,7 g 2-Mercaptoethanol wird eine Mischung hergestellt. Im 4 l Dreihalskolben mit Ölbadheizung, Säbelrührer, Innenthermometer, N2-Überleitung und Rückflußkühler werden 14,4 g dieser Monomermischung und 130 g 100 N-Öl vorgelegt und auf 95 Grad C erwärmt. Nach Zugabe von 1,18 g tert.-Butylper-2-ethylhexanoat als Initator wird ein Gemisch aus 1 167,3 g des C11-C18-Methacrylsäureesters und 3,5 g Initiator innerhalb von 3,5 Stunden über eine Pumpe gleichmäßig zudosiert. 2,5 und 5 Stunden nach Zulaufende werden jeweils 2,34 g tert-Butylper-2-ethylhexanoat zugegeben und weitere 12 Stunden bei 95 Grad C gehalten. Danach wird mit 497,2 g 100 N-Öl verdünnt.
Die aktuelle Viskosität wird zu KV100 = 77,6 cSt bestimmt. Das Molekulargewicht wir durch SEC bestimmt. MW = 19 000 g/mol.
From 1,170 g of the methacrylic acid ester of a mixture of C 11 -C 16 -alkanols (product DOBANOL 25L from Shell AG) and 11.7 g of 2-mercaptoethanol, a mixture is prepared. 14.4 g of this monomer mixture and 130 g of 100 N oil are introduced into the 4 l three-necked flask with oil bath heating, saber stirrer, internal thermometer, N 2 transfer and reflux condenser and heated to 95 ° C. After addition of 1.18 g of tert-butyl per-2-ethylhexanoate as an initiator, a mixture of 1 167.3 g of C 11 -C 18 methacrylic acid ester and 3.5 g of initiator is uniform over 3.5 hours via a pump added. 2.5 and 5 hours after the end of each 2.34 g of tert-butyl per-2-ethylhexanoate are added and maintained at 95 degrees C for a further 12 hours. Then it is diluted with 497.2 g of 100 N oil.
The actual viscosity is determined to be KV100 = 77.6 cSt. The molecular weight is determined by SEC. M W = 19,000 g / mol.

b) Umesterungb) transesterification

In einem 6 l Dreihalskolben mit elektrischem Heizpilz, Säbelrührer, Innenthermometer, Lufteinleitung und Füllkörperkolonne mit reglergesteuertem Dampfteiler wird ein Gemisch auf 1 760,4 g des Produktes aus a) sowie 1 260 g Methylmethacrylat, 0,06 g 4-Hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-oxyl und 0,23 g Hydrochinonmonomethylether vorgelegt und unter Luftdurchleitung zum Rückfluß erwärmt. Nach Abnahme von 118 g Destillat wird 1,15 g Lithiummethoxid zugesetzt und solange am Rückfluß gehalten, bis die Siedetemperatur auf 65 bis 68 Grad C gefallen ist. Danach wird solange methanolreiches Destillat (65 - 68 Grad C, ca. 17 g) abgezogen, bis durch Anstieg der Siedetemperatur auf 100 Grad C ein weitgehender Umsatz angezeigt wird. Nach Abdestillieren von weiteren 280 g Destillat bei 100 Grad C wird der Ansatz auf Raumtemperatur abgekühlt und durch eine Seitz-KS80-Filterschicht klar filtriert. Das überschüssige Methylmethacrylat wird am Vakuumrotationsverdampfer entfernt.
Ausbeute: 1 750 g Öllösung des Makromonomeren A-1.
In a 6 l three-necked flask with electric heating mushroom, saber stirrer, internal thermometer, air inlet and packed column with regulator-controlled vapor divider, a mixture of 1 760.4 g of the product from a) and 1 260 g of methyl methacrylate, 0.06 g of 4-hydroxy-2.2 , 6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl and 0.23 g of hydroquinone monomethyl ether and heated under air through to reflux. After removing 118 g of distillate, 1.15 g of lithium methoxide is added and refluxed until the boiling point has fallen to 65 to 68 degrees Celsius. Thereafter, as long as methanol-rich distillate (65 - 68 degrees C, about 17 g) withdrawn until a rise in the boiling point to 100 degrees C, a large turnover is displayed. After distilling off a further 280 g of distillate at 100 degrees C, the mixture is cooled to room temperature and filtered through a Seitz KS80 filter layer clear. The excess methyl methacrylate is removed on a vacuum rotary evaporator.
Yield: 1 750 g of oil solution of macromonomer A-1.

A-2A-2 Herstellung eines PAMA-Makromonomeren Mw = 5 500.Preparation of a PAMA macromonomer M w = 5 500. a) Herstellung der Vorstufe mit OH-Substituenta) Preparation of the precursor with OH substituent

Man benutzt dieselbe Apparatur wie unter A-1 (a). Im 6 l-Kolben werden vorgelegt: 1,396 g 100 N-Öl, 155,1 g Methacrylsäureester eines Gemischs von C11-C16-Alkanolen (Produkt DOBANOL 25L) und 4,65 g 2-Mercaptoethanol unter Stickstoff auf 110 Grad C erwärmt. Nach Zugabe von 1,65 g tert-Butylper-2-ethylhexanoat wird innerhalb von 3,5 Stunden ein Gemisch aus 2 448,9 g des gleichen Methacrylsäureesters, 75,3 g 2-Mercaptoethanol und 24,5 g tert.-Butylper-2-ethylhexanoat kontinuierlich zugepumpt. 45 Minuten und 90 Minuten nach Zulaufende werden jeweils 5,2 g Initiator nachgegeben und der Ansatz für weitere 2 Stunden bei 100 Grad C gehalten. Das Resultat zeigt bei 100 Grad C eine Viskosität von 20,9 cSt.
Ausbeute: 4 038 g.
Aktuelle Viskosität KV 100 = 20,9 cST
Molgewicht (SEC) = 5 500 g/mol
The same apparatus as in A-1 (a) is used. The 6 l flask is charged with 1.396 g of 100 N oil, 155.1 g of methacrylic acid ester of a mixture of C 11 -C 16 -alkanols (product DOBANOL 25L) and 4.65 g of 2-mercaptoethanol under nitrogen at 110 ° C. , After addition of 1.65 g of tert-butyl per-2-ethylhexanoate is within 3.5 hours, a mixture of 2 448.9 g of the same methacrylic acid ester, 75.3 g of 2-mercaptoethanol and 24.5 g of tert-butyl per- 2-ethylhexanoate continuously pumped. At 45 minutes and 90 minutes after the end of the feed, 5.2 g of initiator are added in each case and the batch is kept at 100 ° C. for a further 2 hours. The result shows at 100 degrees C a viscosity of 20.9 cSt.
Yield: 4 038 g.
Current viscosity KV 100 = 20.9 cSt
Molecular weight (SEC) = 5 500 g / mol

b) Die Umesterung wird analog A-1b) vorgenommen (bei gleichen Gewichtsverhältnissen der Ausgangsstoffe) jedoch im 10 l Dreihalskolben mit dem gesamten Produkt aus a). Ausbeute ca. 4 000 g des Makromonomeren I-2.b) The transesterification is carried out analogously to A-1b) (at same weight ratios of the starting materials), however in a 10 l three-necked flask with the entire product from a). Yield about 4,000 g of the macromonomer I-2. A-3A-3 Herstellung eines PAMA-Makromonomeren MW = 7 720Preparation of a PAMA macromonomer M W = 7 720 a) Herstellung der Vorstufea) Preparation of the precursor

Dieselbe Apparatur wie in Beispiel A-1a) wird angewendet. Im 6 l-Kolben werden vorgelegt: 1 396 g 100 N-Öl, 155,1 g Methacrylsäureester eines Gemischs aus C11-C16-Alkanolen (Produkt DOBANOL 25L) und 3,10 g 2-Mercaptoethanol und unter Stickstoff auf 110 Grad C erwärmt. Nach Zugabe von 1,65 g tert.-Butylper-2-ethylhexanoat (Initiator) wird innerhalb von 3,5 Stunden ein Gemisch aus 2 448,9 g des gleichen Methacrylsäureesters, 49,0 g 2-Mercaptoethanol und 24,5 g Initiator kontinuierlich zugepumpt. 45 Minuten und 90 Minuten nach Zulaufende werden jeweils 5,2 g Initiator nachgegeben und der Ansatz für weitere 12 Stunden bei 110 Grad C gehalten.
Aktuelle Viskosität KV 100 = 21 cSt
Molgewicht (SEC) = 7 720 g/mol
The same apparatus as in Example A-1a) is used. The 6 l flask is charged with: 1.396 g of 100 N oil, 155.1 g of methacrylic acid ester of a mixture of C 11 -C 16 -alkanols (product DOBANOL 25L) and 3.10 g of 2-mercaptoethanol and under nitrogen to 110 ° C heated. After addition of 1.65 g of tert-butyl per-2-ethylhexanoate (initiator) is within 3.5 hours, a mixture of 2 448.9 g of the same methacrylic acid ester, 49.0 g of 2-mercaptoethanol and 24.5 g of initiator continuously pumped. At 45 minutes and 90 minutes after the end of the feed, 5.2 g of initiator are added in each case and the batch is kept at 110 ° C. for a further 12 hours.
Current viscosity KV 100 = 21 cSt
Molecular weight (SEC) = 7 720 g / mol

b) Umesterung analog Beispiel A-2b), Ausbeute ca. 4 000 g Öl-Lösung des Makromonomerenb) transesterification analogous to Example A-2b), yield about 4,000 g Oil solution of macromonomer A-4A-4 Herstellung eines PAMA-Makromonomeren Mw = 13 600Preparation of a PAMA macromonomer M w = 13 600 a) Herstellung der Vorstufea) Preparation of the precursor

Dieselbe Apparatur wie für Beispiel A-1a). Im 6 l-Kolben werden vorgelegt: 1 396 g 100 N-Öl, 155,1 g Methacrylsäureester eines Gemischs von C11-C16-Alkanolen (Produkt DOBANOL 25L) sowie 1,55 g 2-Mercaptoethanol und unter Stickstoff auf 110 Grad C erwärmt. Nach Zugabe von 1,65 tert.-Butylper-2-ethylhexanoat wird innerhalb von 3,5 Stunden ein Gemisch aus 2 448,9 g des oben genannten Methacrylesters, 25,5 g 2-Mercpatoethanol und 24,5 g tert.-Butylper-2-ethylhexanoat kontinuierlich zugepumpt. 45 Minuten und 90 Minuten nach Zulaufende werden jeweils 5,2 g Butylper-2-ethylhexanoat nachgegeben und der Ansatz für weitere 12 Stunden bei 110 Grad C gehalten.
Aktuelle Viskosität KV 100 = 52 cSt.
Molgewicht (SEC) = 13 600 g/mol.
The same apparatus as for Example A-1a). The 6 l flask is charged with: 1.396 g of 100 N oil, 155.1 g of methacrylic acid ester of a mixture of C 11 -C 16 -alkanols (product DOBANOL 25L) and 1.55 g of 2-mercaptoethanol and under nitrogen to 110 ° C heated. After addition of 1.65 t-butylper-2-ethylhexanoat within 3.5 hours, a mixture of 2 448.9 g of the above methacrylic ester, 25.5 g of 2-mercaptopanol and 24.5 g of tert-butyl per 2-ethylhexanoate continuously pumped. At 45 minutes and 90 minutes after the end of the feed, 5.2 g of butyl per-2-ethylhexanoate are added in each case and the batch is kept at 110 ° C. for a further 12 hours.
Current viscosity KV 100 = 52 cSt.
Molecular weight (SEC) = 13,600 g / mol.

b) Die Umesterung erfolgt analog Beispiel A-2b). Ausbeute ca. 4 500 g Öllösung des Makromonomeren A-4.b) The transesterification is carried out analogously to Example A-2b). yield about 4 500 g of oil solution of macromonomer A-4. Herstellung der Pfropfpolymeren PFP aus den MakromonomerenPreparation of the graft polymers PFP from the macromonomers PFP-1PFP-1 Herstellung eines hochmolekularen KammpolymerenProduction of a High Molecular Comb Polymer

Verwendet wird eine Apparatur gemäß Beispiel A-1a). Die Monomermischung wird aus 227,7 g Makromonomer aus Beispiel A-1, 106,3 g Methacrylsäureester eines Gemischs von C11-C16-Alkanolen (Produkt DOBANOL 25 L) und 45,5 g Methylmethacrylat hergestellt, 24,5 g dieser Monomermischung werden mit 220,5 g 100 N-Öl in der Apparatur vorgelegt und unter Stickstoff auf 82 Grad C erwärmt. Nach Zugabe von 0,88 g tert.-Butylper-2-ethylhexanoat zur Vorlage werden innerhalb von 3,5 Stunden 355 g Monomermischung zusammen mit 0,56 g tert.-Butylper-2-ethylhexanoat kontinuierlich zugepumpt. Zwölf Stunden nach Zulaufende werden weitere 0,5 g tert.-Butylper-2-hexanoat zugegeben und 8 Stunden bei 82 Grad C nachreagiert. Danach wird durch Zugabe von 150 g 100 N-Öl verdünnt.
Ausbeute: 600 g Öllösung des Pfropfpolymeren PFP-1.
An apparatus according to Example A-1a) is used. The monomer mixture is prepared from 227.7 g of macromonomer from Example A-1, 106.3 g of methacrylic acid ester of a mixture of C 11 -C 16 -alkanols (product DOBANOL 25 L) and 45.5 g of methyl methacrylate, 24.5 g of this monomer mixture are charged with 220.5 g of 100 N oil in the apparatus and heated to 82 degrees C under nitrogen. After addition of 0.88 g of tert-butyl per-2-ethylhexanoate to the original, 355 g of monomer mixture are continuously pumped in over 3.5 hours together with 0.56 g of tert-butyl per-2-ethylhexanoate. Twelve hours after the end of the addition, a further 0.5 g of tert-butyl per-2-hexanoate are added and the reaction is continued at 82 ° C. for 8 hours. It is then diluted by the addition of 150 g of 100 N oil.
Yield: 600 g of oil solution of the graft polymer PFP-1.

PFP-2PFP-2 Herstellung eines dispergierwirksamen KammpolymerenPreparation of a dispersing comb polymer

Verwendet wird die Apparatur gemäß Beispiel A-1a). Im Dreihalskolben werden 122,9 g des Makromonomeren aus Beispiel A-2, 20,0 g 2-(N-Morpholinyl)-ethylmethacrylat und 0,15 g Dodecylmercaptan vorgelegt und unter Stickstoff auf 100 Grad C erwärmt und danach 1,0 g tert.-Butylper-2-ethylhexanoat zugegeben. Nach 3 bzw. 7 Stunden nach der ersten Initiatorzugabe werden jeweils weitere 0,2 g tert.-Butylper-2-ethylhexanoat zugegeben und der Ansatz wird weitere 12 Stunden bei 100 Grad C gehalten.
Ausbeute: : 143 g Öllösung des Kammpolymeren PFP-2.
The apparatus according to Example A-1a) is used. 122.9 g of the macromonomer from Example A-2, 20.0 g of 2- (N-morpholinyl) -ethyl methacrylate and 0.15 g of dodecylmercaptan are placed in the three-necked flask and heated to 100 ° C. under nitrogen and then 1.0 g of tert Butylper-2-ethylhexanoate added. After 3 or 7 hours after the first initiator addition, in each case an additional 0.2 g of tert-butyl per-2-ethylhexanoate is added and the batch is kept at 100 ° C. for a further 12 hours.
Yield:: 143 g of oil solution of the comb polymer PFP-2.

PFP-3PFP-3 Herstellung eines dispergierwirksamen KammpolymerenPreparation of a dispersing comb polymer

Apparatur wie in Beispiel A-1. Im Dreihalskolben werden 122,9 g des Makromonomeren aus Beispiel A-3, 20 g 2-(N-Morpholinyl)-ethylmethacrylat und 0,15 g Dodecylmercaptan vorgelegt und unter Stickstoff auf 100 Grad C erwärmt und danach 1,0 g tert.-Butylper-2-ethylhexanoat zugegeben. nach 3 bzw. 7 Stunden nach der ersten Initiatorzugabe werden jeweils weitere 0,2 g Initiator zugegeben und der Ansatz für weitere 12 Stunden bei 100 Grad C gehalten.
Ausbeute: 143 g Öllösung des Kammpolymeren PFP-3.
Apparatus as in Example A-1. 122.9 g of the macromonomer from Example A-3, 20 g of 2- (N-morpholinyl) -ethyl methacrylate and 0.15 g of dodecylmercaptan are placed in the three-necked flask and heated to 100 ° C. under nitrogen and then 1.0 g of tertiary Butylper-2-ethylhexanoate added. After 3 or 7 hours after the first initiator addition, in each case a further 0.2 g of initiator is added and the mixture is kept at 100 ° C. for a further 12 hours.
Yield: 143 g of oil solution of the comb polymer PFP-3.

PFP-4PFP-4 Herstellung eines dispergierwirksamen KammpolymerenPreparation of a dispersing comb polymer

Apparatur wie in Beispiel A-1. Im Dreihalskolben werden 138,2 g des Makromonomeren aus Beispiel A-4, 10 g 2-(N-Morpholinyl)-ethylmethacrylat (= Monomer VII-a) und 0,15 g Dodecylmercaptan vorgelegt und unter Stickstoff auf 100 Grad C erwärmt und danach 1,0 g tert.-Butylper-2-ethylhexanoat zugegeben. Nach 3 bzw. 7 Stunden nach der Initiatorzugabe werden jeweils weitere 0,2 g Initiator zugegeben und der Ansatz für weitere 12 Stunden bei 100 Grad C gehalten.
Ausbeute: 148 g Öllösung des Kammpolymeren PFP-4.
Apparatus as in Example A-1. In a three-necked flask, 138.2 g of the macromonomer from Example A-4, 10 g of 2- (N-morpholinyl) -ethyl methacrylate (= monomer VII-a) and 0.15 g of dodecylmercaptan are charged and heated to 100 ° C. under nitrogen and then 1.0 g of tert-butyl per-2-ethylhexanoate was added. After 3 or 7 hours after the initiator addition, in each case a further 0.2 g of initiator is added and the mixture is kept at 100 ° C. for a further 12 hours.
Yield: 148 g of oil solution of the comb polymer PFP-4.

PFP-5PFP-5 Herstellung eines dispergierwirksamen KammpolymerenPreparation of a dispersing comb polymer

Apparatur wie in Beispiel A-1. Im Dreihalskolben werden 138,2 g des Makromonomeren gemäß Beispiel A-2, 5,0 g 2-(N-Morpholinyl)-ethylmethacrylat, 5,0 g N-Vinylpyrrolidon (= Monomer VIII-a) und 0,15 g Dodecylmercaptan vorgelegt und unter Stickstoff auf 100 Grad C erwärmt und danach 1,0 g tert.-Butyl-2-ethylhexanoat zugegeben. 3 bzw. 7 Stunden nach der ersten Initiatorzugabe werden jeweils weitere 0,2 g tert.-Butylper-2-ethylhexanoat zugegeben und der Ansatz für weitere 12 Stunden bei 100 Grad C gehalten.
Ausbeute: 148 g Öllösung des Kammpolymeren PFP-5.
Apparatus as in Example A-1. The three-necked flask is charged with 138.2 g of the macromonomer according to Example A-2, 5.0 g of 2- (N-morpholinyl) -ethyl methacrylate, 5.0 g of N-vinylpyrrolidone (= monomer VIII-a) and 0.15 g of dodecylmercaptan and heated under nitrogen to 100 degrees C and then added 1.0 g of tert-butyl 2-ethylhexanoate. 3 or 7 hours after the first initiator addition, in each case a further 0.2 g of tert-butyl per-2-ethylhexanoate is added and the batch is kept at 100 ° C. for a further 12 hours.
Yield: 148 g of oil solution of the comb polymer PFP-5.

PFP-6PFP-6 Herstellung eines hochmolekularen KammpolymerenProduction of a High Molecular Comb Polymer

Verwendet wird eine Apparatur gemäß Beispiel A-1a). Die Monomermischung wird aus 299,5 g Makromonomer aus Beispiel A-1, 65 g Methacrylsäureester eines Gemisches von C11 bis C16-Alkanolen (Produkt Dobanol 25 L), 65,0 g Methylmethacrylat und 70,5 g 100 N-Öl hergestellt, 50 g dieser Monomermischung werden in der Apparatur vorgelegt und unter Stickstoff auf 90 Grad C erwärmt. Nach Zugabe von 0,06 g tert.-Butylper-2-ethylhexanoat zur Vorlage werden innerhalb von 3,5 Stunden 450 g der Monomermischung zusammen mit 0,59 g tert.-Butyl-2-ethylhexanoat kontinuierlich zugepumpt. 1,5 Stunden nach Zulaufende werden zur Verdünnung 312,5 g 100 N-Öl zugegeben. 6 Stunden nach Zulaufende werden weitere 0,65 g tert.-Butylper-2-ethylhexanoat zugegeben und 8 Stunden nachreagiert.
Ausbeute: 812 g Öllösung des Pfropfcopolymeren PFP-6.
An apparatus according to Example A-1a) is used. The monomer mixture is prepared from 299.5 g of macromonomer from Example A-1, 65 g of methacrylic acid ester of a mixture of C 11 to C 16 -alkanols (product Dobanol 25 L), 65.0 g of methyl methacrylate and 70.5 g of 100 N oil , 50 g of this monomer mixture are placed in the apparatus and heated to 90 degrees C under nitrogen. After addition of 0.06 g of tert-butyl per-2-ethylhexanoate to the template, 450 g of the monomer mixture are continuously pumped in over 3.5 hours together with 0.59 g of tert-butyl 2-ethylhexanoate. 1.5 hours after the end of the feed, 312.5 g of 100 N oil are added for dilution. 6 hours after the end of the feed, a further 0.65 g of tert-butyl per-2-ethylhexanoate are added and the reaction is continued for 8 hours.
Yield: 812 g of oil solution of the graft copolymer PFP-6.

PFP-7PFP-7 Herstellung eines hochmolekularen KammpolymerenProduction of a High Molecular Comb Polymer

Verwendet wird eine Apparatur gemäß Beispiel A-1a). die Monomermischung wird aus 276,5 g Makromonomer aus Beispiel A-1, 120,0 g n-Butylmethacrylat und 103,5 g 100 N-Öl hergestellt. 75 g dieser Monomermischung werden in der Apparatur vorgelegt und unter Stickstoff auf 90 Grad C erwärmt. Nach Zugabe von 0,09 g tert.-Butylper-2-ethylhexanoat zur Vorlage werden innerhalb von 3,5 Stunden 425 g der Monomermischung zusammen mit 0,51 g tert.-Butylper-2-ethylhexanoat kontinuierlich zugepumpt. 6 Stunden nach Zulaufende werden weitere 0,6 g ter.-Butylper-2-ethylhexanoat zugegeben und 8 Stunden nachreagiert. Danach wird durch Zugabe von 100 g 100 N-Öl verdünnt.
Ausbeute: 600 g Öllösung des Pfropfcopolymeren PFP-7.
An apparatus according to Example A-1a) is used. the monomer mixture is prepared from 276.5 g macromonomer from Example A-1, 120.0 g n-butyl methacrylate and 103.5 g 100 N oil. 75 g of this monomer mixture are placed in the apparatus and heated to 90 degrees C under nitrogen. After addition of 0.09 g of tert-butyl per-2-ethylhexanoate for submission, 425 g of the monomer mixture are continuously pumped in over 3.5 hours together with 0.51 g of tert-butyl per-2-ethylhexanoate. 6 hours after the end of the addition, a further 0.6 g of tert-butyl per-2-ethylhexanoate are added and the reaction is continued for 8 hours. It is then diluted by adding 100 g of 100 N oil.
Yield: 600 g of oil solution of the graft copolymer PFP-7.

PFP-8PFP-8 Herstellung eines hochmolekularen KammpolymerenProduction of a High Molecular Comb Polymer

Verwendet wird eine Apparatur gemäß Beispiel A-1a). Die Monomermischung wird aus 207,4 g Makromonomer aus Beispiel A-1, 165,0 g n-Butylmethacrylat und 127,6 g 100 N-Öl hergestellt. 75 g dieser Monomermischung werden in der Apparatur vorgelegt und unter Stickstoff auf 85 Grad C erwärmt. Nach Zugabe von 0,09 g tert.-Butylper-2-ethylhexanoat zur Vorlage werden innerhalb von 3,5 Stunden 425 g der Monomermischung zusammen mit 0,51 g tert.-Butylper-2-ethylhexanoat kontinuierlisch zugepumpt. 1,5 Stunden nach Zulaufende werden zur Verdünnung 250 g 100 N-Öl zugegeben. 6 Stunden nach Zulaufende werden weitere 0,6 g tert.-Butylper-2-ethylhexanoat zugegeben und 8 Stunden nachreagiert. Danach werden zur weiteren Verdünnung 450 g 100 N-Öl zugegeben.
Ausbeute: 1 200 g Öllösung des Pfropfcopolymeren PFP-8.
An apparatus according to Example A-1a) is used. The monomer mixture is prepared from 207.4 g macromonomer from Example A-1, 165.0 g n-butyl methacrylate and 127.6 g 100 N oil. 75 g of this monomer mixture are introduced into the apparatus and heated to 85 ° C. under nitrogen. After addition of 0.09 g of tert-butyl per-2-ethylhexanoate for submission, 425 g of the monomer mixture are continuously pumped in over 3.5 hours together with 0.51 g of tert-butyl per-2-ethylhexanoate. 1.5 hours after the end of the feed, 250 g of 100 N oil are added for dilution. 6 hours after the end of the addition, a further 0.6 g of tert-butyl per-2-ethylhexanoate are added and the reaction is continued for 8 hours. Thereafter, 450 g of 100 N oil are added for further dilution.
Yield: 1,200 g of oil solution of the graft copolymer PFP-8.

Prüftestsverification test

Zur Prüfung der Emulgatorwirkung der Pfropfpolymere kann der im folgenden angegebene Toluol-Wasser-Emulgiertest zur Prüfung der Dispergierwirkung der Ruß-Tüpfeltest angewendet werden.For testing the emulsifier effect of Graft polymers may be the following toluene-water emulsified test for testing the dispersing effect of Soot-spot test can be applied.

Durchführung des Toluol/Wasser-Emulgiertests: Das auf seine Emulgierwirkung zu prüfende Additiv wird in Toluol (versetzt mit 20 ppm Oracetblau B) mit einer Polymerkonzentration von 1 Gew.-% gelöst. In ein graduiertes 20 ml Schliffreagenzglas werden nacheinander 7 ml des. Wasser und 13 ml der 1 %igen Toluollösung eingefüllt und 15 Minuten im Wasserbad bei 30 Grad C temperiert. Durch heftiges Schütteln des Reagenzglases wird eine gleichförmige Emulsion erzeugt und die Probe in das Temperierbad zurückgestellt. Das Auftrennen der Emulsion in die Schichten Toluol, Emulsion und Wasser wird über einen Zeitraum von 24 Stunden beobachtet. Hierzu wird zu den Zeiten 5 Minuten, 10 Minuten, 100 Minuten und 24 Stunden die Schichtgrenze Toluol/Emulsion sowie die Schichtgrenze Emulsion/Wasser anhand der Graduierung abgelesen (s. Abb. 1a). Carrying out the toluene / water emulsification test: The additive to be tested for its emulsifying effect is described in Toluene (added with 20 ppm Oracet Blue B) with a Polymer concentration of 1 wt .-% dissolved. In one graduated 20 ml grinding test tube are successively 7 ml of water and 13 ml of the 1% toluene solution filled and 15 minutes in a water bath at 30 degrees C. tempered. By vigorously shaking the test tube a uniform emulsion is produced and the sample in reset the tempering bath. The separation of the Emulsion is added to the layers of toluene, emulsion and water observed over a period of 24 hours. For this purpose is at the times 5 minutes, 10 minutes, 100 minutes and 24 Hours the layer limit toluene / emulsion and the Layer boundary emulsion / water based on the graduation read (see Fig. 1a).

Auswertungevaluation

Die Quantifizierung der Emulgierwirkung in %-Werten erfolgt nach dem in Abb. 1b gezeigten Schema. Hierbei wird der Anteil der im Beobachtungszeitraum 5 Minuten bis 24 Stunden vorliegenden Emulsion durch das Verhältnis der Fläche A zur Gesamtfläche A + B charakterisiert und in %-Werten angegeben.The quantification of the emulsifying effect in% values takes place according to the scheme shown in Fig. 1b. This is the proportion of the observation period 5 minutes to 24 Hours present emulsion by the ratio of Area A is characterized by the total area A + B and in% values specified.

Durchführung des Ruß-Tüpfeltestes:Carrying out the carbon black spot test:

Mit dem zu prüfenden Additiv werden in 150 N-Öl (Enerpar 11) zwei Stammlösungen aufgemischt: Stammlösung I mit 0,375 % Polymergehalt und Stammlösung II mit 0,75 % Polymergehalt. Von jeder Stammlösung werden 2 Rußdispersionslösungen angesetzt (Doppelbestimmung). Hierzu werden jeweils in ein 150 ml Becherglas 1,5 g Ruß (Flammruß, Degussa Spezialschwarz 4) und 50 g Stammlösung eingewogen und danach mit einem Ultra-Turrax Intensivrührer 30 Minuten bei 9 000 u/Minute aufgerührt. Danach werden von jeder Dispersionslösung 20 µl auf Filterpapier (Papier Durieux 122) getüpfelt. Nach 48 Stunden ebener Lagerung bei 30 Grad C werden die Tüpfelflecken ausgewertet. Hierzu wird der Durchmesser des Rußfleckens und der Durchmesser des ihn umgebenden Ölfleckens ausgemessen und deren Verhältnis in % angegeben: The additive to be tested is dissolved in 150 N oil (Enerpar 11) mixed two stock solutions: stock solution I with 0.375% polymer content and stock solution II with 0.75% Polymer content. From each stock solution become 2 Soot dispersion solutions prepared (double determination). For this purpose, in each case in a 150 ml beaker 1.5 g of carbon black (Flame black, Degussa special black 4) and 50 g stock solution weighed and then with an Ultra-Turrax Intensive stirrer stirred for 30 minutes at 9,000 u / minute. Thereafter, 20 μl of each dispersion solution Filter paper (paper Durieux 122) spotted. After 48 Hours of even storage at 30 degrees C will be the Punctuated flecks evaluated. For this, the diameter of the Soot stain and the diameter of the surrounding it Oil spill measured and their ratio in% stated:

Einzelbewertung:Review:

Durchmesser Rußfleck/Durchmesser Ölfleck * 100 %.
Die Gesamtbewertung des Tüpfeltests ergibt sich als Summe der vier prozentualen Einzelbewertungen. Produkte mit schlechter Rußdispergierung ergeben Gesamtbewertungen von ca. 70 % und niedriger, Produkte mit guter Rußdispergierung ergeben Gesamtbewertungen von ≥ 130 %.

Figure 00290001
Figure 00300001
Figure 00310001
Soot spot / diameter oil spot diameter * 100%.
The total score of the spot test is the sum of the four percentage ratings. Products with poor soot dispersion give overall ratings of about 70% and lower, products with good carbon black dispersion give overall ratings of ≥ 130%.
Figure 00290001
Figure 00300001
Figure 00310001

Claims (4)

  1. Use of graft polymers PFP which are synthesised from
    a) 10-90 wt.%, based on PFP, of polyalkylmethacrylate macromonomers (A) which are copolymerised with
    b) 0-90 wt.%, based on PFP, of alkyl (meth)acrylic acid esters (AMA) with C6-30 alkyl groups and with
    c) 0-60 wt.%, based on PFP, of non-functionalised comonomers (B) selected from the group consisting of alkyl (meth)acrylic acid esters having C1-5 alkyl groups, styrene, alkyl styrenes having C1-4 alkyl groups and fatty acid vinyl esters having 2-12 carbon atoms in the fatty acid group and with
    d) 0-40 wt.%, based on PFP, of functionalised comonomers (C) selected from the group consisting of functionalised (meth)acrylic acid esters and amides and the vinyl heterocyclic groups,
    with the proviso that the sum of the copolymerised monomers (b) to (d), based on PFP, amounts to 10-90 wt.%,
    in a carrier medium TM, as lubricant additives with the effect of improving the viscosity index.
  2. Use according to claim 1, characterised in that the polyalkyl methacrylate macromonomers (A) are compounds of formula II
    Figure 00370001
    wherein
    x =
    biradical group
    R1 =
    -H or -CH3
    R2 =
    -H or -CH3
    n =
    6 to 30
    p =
    average degree of polymerisation of the macromonomer
    with the proviso that Mw is the weight-average molecular weight of the macromonomer of formula II in the range from 1000 to 100,000.
  3. Use according to claims 1 and 2, characterised in that the weight-average molecular weight of the graft polymers PFP is in the range from 5000 to 1,000,000.
  4. Use according to claim 1 containing as graft polymers the graft polymers PFP' which are synthesised from
    a) 10-90 % by weight of polyfunctionalised polyalkyl methacrylate macromonomers (A'), containing
    a1) 0-90 wt.% of alkyl (meth)acrylic ester (AMA') having C6-30 alkyl groups
    a2) 0-40 wt.% of non-functionalised comonomers (B') from the group consisting of alkyl (meth)acrylic acid esters having C1-5 alkyl groups, styrene, alkyl styrenes having C1-4 alkyl groups and fatty acid vinyl esters having 2-12 carbon atoms in the fatty acid group, and
    a3) 0-100 wt.% of functionalised comonomers (C') selected from the group consisting of functionalised (meth)acrylic acid esters and amides and the vinyl heterocycles,
    with the proviso that the sum of the monomers (AMA'), (B') and (C') in the macromonomer (A') makes up 100 wt.%,
    b) 0-90 wt.% of monomers selected from the group consisting of alkyl (meth)acrylic acid esters (AMA) with C6-30 alkyl groups,
    c) 0-60 wt.% of monomers (B) selected from the group consisting of alkyl (meth)acrylic acid esters having C1-5 alkyl groups, styrene, alkyl styrenes having C1-4 alkyl groups and fatty acid vinyl esters having 2-12 carbon atoms in the fatty acid group,
    d) 0-40 wt.% of functionalised comonomers (C) selected from the group consisting of functionalised (meth)acrylic acid esters and amides and the vinyl heterocyclic groups, with the proviso that the sum of the copolymerised monomers (AMA), (B) and (C) make up 10-90 wt.%, based on PFP'.
EP96107578A 1995-05-22 1996-05-13 Lubricant additive Expired - Lifetime EP0744457B1 (en)

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US11685874B2 (en) 2019-12-16 2023-06-27 Infineum International Limited High viscosity index comb polymer viscosity modifiers and methods of modifying lubricant viscosity using same

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