EP0711953B1 - Vormischbrenner - Google Patents
Vormischbrenner Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0711953B1 EP0711953B1 EP95810671A EP95810671A EP0711953B1 EP 0711953 B1 EP0711953 B1 EP 0711953B1 EP 95810671 A EP95810671 A EP 95810671A EP 95810671 A EP95810671 A EP 95810671A EP 0711953 B1 EP0711953 B1 EP 0711953B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- nozzle
- burner
- fuel
- tube
- cone
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
- F23D11/36—Details
- F23D11/38—Nozzles; Cleaning devices therefor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C7/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply
- F23C7/002—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply the air being submitted to a rotary or spinning motion
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
- F23D11/36—Details
- F23D11/40—Mixing tubes; Burner heads
- F23D11/402—Mixing chambers downstream of the nozzle
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D17/00—Burners for combustion simultaneously or alternately of gaseous or liquid or pulverulent fuel
- F23D17/002—Burners for combustion simultaneously or alternately of gaseous or liquid or pulverulent fuel gaseous or liquid fuel
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion apparatus using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in air; Combustion processes therefor
- F23C2900/07002—Premix burners with air inlet slots obtained between offset curved wall surfaces, e.g. double cone burners
Definitions
- the invention relates to a low-pollutant premix burner the double cone design for operating an internal combustion engine, a combustion chamber of a gas turbine group or furnace with one located in the top of the cone cavity High pressure atomizing nozzle for atomizing liquid Fuel, the nozzle with or without turbulence is formed and with at least two nozzle bores communicates with the interior of the burner.
- Atomizer burners are known in which the oil which is burned is finely divided mechanically. It is broken down into fine droplets of approx. 10 to 400 ⁇ m in diameter (oil mist), which evaporate and burn in the flame when mixed with the combustion air.
- pressure atomizers see Lueger - Lexikon dertechnik, Manual Verlags-Anstalt Stuttgart, 1965, Volume 7, p.600
- the oil is supplied to an atomizing nozzle by an oil pump at a pressure of approx. 4 to 25 bar.
- the oil enters a swirl chamber via essentially tangential slots and leaves the nozzle via a nozzle bore. It is thereby achieved that the oil particles receive two components of motion, an axial and a radial.
- the oil film emerging from the nozzle bore as a rotating hollow cylinder expands due to the centrifugal force into a hollow cone, the edges of which get into unstable vibrations and tear into small oil droplets.
- the atomized oil forms a cone with a more or less large opening angle.
- Swirl nozzles pressure atomizers
- air-assisted atomizers the known types with a pressure up to approx. 100 bar are hardly suitable for this because they do not have a small angle of propagation allow the atomization quality is limited and the impulse of the drop spray is low.
- the invention tries to avoid all these disadvantages. you the task is based on a low pollutant premix burner the double-cone type to create a high pressure atomizing nozzle for atomizing liquid fuel has that is simple and with which a very good atomization quality with high at the same time Fuel pulse is reached.
- the nozzle is a high pressure atomization nozzle which consists of a nozzle body exists in which at least one feed channel for the to be atomized and arranged under a pressure of greater than 100 bar of liquid fuel and this feed channel with or without a turbulence chamber arranged in between via at least two nozzle bores with the interior of the burner communicates that the nozzle outlet holes of the high pressure atomizing nozzle on the air inlet slots are directed and the angle of the fuel spray emerging from the nozzle bores to Axis of the burner is at least as large as the cone half angle of the burner.
- the advantages of the invention include in that at the high-pressure atomization nozzle according to the invention a fine atomization of fuel with a high fuel pulse is connected and thus a rapid evaporation of the fuel as well as a good premix of the fuel spray of the combustion air can be reached.
- the high pressure atomization nozzle is simply constructed, well within the burner accessible and is characterized by a small footprint in the burner tip.
- the fuel can be targeted be injected in high air velocity zones.
- the Necessity to add water to lower the NOx emissions are eliminated, because due to the above fine atomization, rapid evaporation of fuel and good ones Premixing the fuel spray with the combustion air the NOx emissions are very low.
- the Turbulence chamber is limited by a tube, a conical one Cover of the tube in which the nozzle bores are arranged and a filler with at least one feed opening, which is preferably arranged centrally in the filler.
- the turbulence generated in front of the nozzle bore causes a rapid decay of the liquid jet and a special one fine drop spray achieved.
- the resulting drop spray is also characterized by small angles of spread.
- a high pressure orifice nozzle is used which comes from a tube and a conical cover of the tube, in which the nozzle openings are arranged.
- a very high fuel impulse reached, the deep penetration of the fuel spray into the combustion air.
- FIG. 1 schematically shows a section through the premix burner, which essentially consists of two partial cone bodies 1, 2 exists and its basic structure in EP 0 321 809 B1 is described.
- Fig. 2 and the therein evident cuts according to FIGS. 3 to 5 used become.
- Fig. 2 shows a perspective view of the double-cone burner with integrated premixing zone.
- the two partial cone bodies 1, 2 are with respect to their longitudinal symmetry axes 1b, 2b arranged radially offset from each other. This creates on both sides of the partial cone body 1, 2 in opposite Inflow arrangement each tangential air inlet slots 19, 20, through which the combustion air 15 in the Interior 14 of the burner, i.e. in that of the two partial cone bodies 1, 2 formed cone cavity flows.
- the partial cone bodies 1, 2 expand in a straight line in the direction of flow, i.e. they have a constant angle ⁇ with the burner axis 5 on.
- the two partial cone bodies 1, 2 each have a cylindrical initial part la, 2a, which is also offset run.
- this cylindrical initial part la there is a high pressure atomization nozzle 3 with at least two nozzle openings 11, which have approximately the narrowest cross section of the conical interior 14 of the burner are arranged.
- the burner can also be without a cylindrical one Initial part, so be made purely conical.
- the two partial cone bodies 1, 2 have along the air inlet slots 19, 20 each have a fuel feed line 8, 9, which are provided on the long side with openings 17 through which another fuel 13 (gaseous or liquid) flows.
- This fuel 13 is the tangential Air inlet slots 19, 20 flowing into the interior of the burner Combustion air 15 admixed, which is indicated by the arrows 16 is pictured.
- a mixed operation of the burner via the nozzle 3 and the fuel feeds 8, 9 is possible.
- a front plate 10 with openings is arranged on the combustion chamber side 11, through which, if necessary, dilution air or cooling air are fed to the combustion chamber 22. It also ensures this air supply ensures that flame stabilization on Output of the burner takes place. There is a stable one Flame front 7 with a backflow zone 6.
- baffles 21 a, 21 b can be around a pivot point, for example 23 can be opened or closed, so that the original gap size of the tangential air inlet slots 19, 20 is changed.
- the Burners can also be operated without these baffles 21a, 21b.
- a turbulence assisted high pressure atomization nozzle 3 shown which as shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 is arranged in the cone tip of the burner. It consists of a tube 26 which has a supply channel 24 and surrounds a turbulence chamber 25.
- the tube 26 is one conical lid 27 completed, in which in the exterior Third near the tube wall two nozzle bores 18 are available are. These nozzle bores 18 establish the connection between the turbulence chamber 25 located in the tube 26 and the interior 14 (cone cavity) of the burner.
- the turbulence chamber 25 is delimited by a filler in addition to the tube 26 28 and the cover 27 of the tube 26.
- a feed opening 29 for the fuel to be atomized 12 arranged in the middle a feed opening 29 for the fuel to be atomized 12 arranged.
- This opening can go without saying can also be arranged off-center or can be several Feed openings 29 may be present. It is favorable if the Feed opening 29 narrowing in the direction of flow Has cross section, as shown in Fig. 6.
- the fuel 12 to be atomized flows under a pressure greater than 100 bar via the supply line 24 and the opening 29 into the turbulence chamber 25, which is jerky has widening cross section with respect to the feed opening 29.
- the fuel jet hits the cone tip of the conical lid 27. By intensive shearing and rebounding the rays from the surface of the lid will generates a high level of turbulence, which is on the short path does not subside until it exits the nozzle.
- the liquid jet is in front of the two nozzle bores 18th generated turbulence in the burner interior 14 for rapid decay brought, resulting in very small angles of propagation.
- the fuel 12 is due to the high momentum and thereby high relative speed to air well atomized. He has a high penetration depth and thus leads to a high mixing quality.
- Fig. 7 shows a second embodiment.
- the High pressure atomizing nozzle 3 a multi-hole high pressure orifice nozzle
- the structure of the above turbulence assisted nozzle corresponds, although of course no turbulence chamber for the orifice nozzle is available. That means that in this case the achievable fuel drop size under comparable Conditions for the first embodiment are somewhat is larger (see Fig. 8), but a high fuel pulse can be used for this can be achieved by targeted injection in zones of high air speed also to the above Advantages leads.
- the cross section of the nozzle 3, its position and the direction of injection results from the desired throughput (depending on of form) taking into account sufficiently high Reynolds numbers in the nozzle bores 18.
- the diagram shown in FIG. 8 illustrates the dependence of the droplet diameter d T on the admission pressure p for different limit diameters of the droplet mass distribution.
- Dx denotes the limit diameter that x mass% of all particles fall below.
- SMD is the Sauter diameter, i.e. the diameter of a droplet that has the same surface to volume ratio as the total jet.
- the high pressure atomization nozzle on which the diagram is based was charged with water and had the following parameters: Diameter of the nozzle 10.0 mm Feed channel diameter 8.0 mm Diameter of the feed opening in the filler 1.8 mm Diameter of the nozzle bores 0.6 mm Length of the turbulence chamber 7.0 mm.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Nozzles For Spraying Of Liquid Fuel (AREA)
- Spray-Type Burners (AREA)
Description
- Fig. 1
- eine schematische Ansicht eines Doppelkegelbrenners;
- Fig. 2
- einen Brenner gemäss Fig. 1 in perspektivischer Darstellung;
- Fig. 3
- einen vereinfacht dargestellten Schnitt in der Ebene III-III gemäss Fig. 2;
- Fig. 4
- einen vereinfacht dargestellten Schnitt in der Ebene IV-IV gemäss Fig. 2;
- Fig. 5
- einen vereinfacht dargestellten Schnitt in der Ebene V-V gemäss Fig. 2;
- Fig. 6
- einen Längsschnitt der turbulenzunterstützten Hochdruckzerstäubungsdüse in der Ebene der Düsenbohrungen;
- Fig. 7
- einen Längsschnitt der Hochdruck-Blendendüse in der Ebene der Düsenbohrungen;
- Fig. 8
- ein Diagramm zur Veranschaulichung der Abhängigkeit der Tropfengrösse vom Druck einer Hochdruckzerstäubungsdüse gemäss Fig. 6 bzw. 7;
- Fig. 9
- ein Diagramm zur Veranschaulichung der Abhängigkeit der Nox-Emissionen von der Flammentemperatur des Doppelkegelbrenners für verschiedene Düsen.
| Durchmesser der Düse | 10,0 mm |
| Durchmesser des Zuführkanals | 8,0 mm |
| Durchmesser der Zuführöffnung im Füllstück | 1,8 mm |
| Durchmesser der Düsenbohrungen | 0,6 mm |
| Länge der Turbulenzkammer | 7,0 mm. |
- 1, 2
- Teilkegelkörper
- 1a, 2a
- zylindrischer Ansfangsteil
- 1b, 2b
- Mittelachse der Teilkegelkörper
- 3
- Hochdruckzerstäubungsdüse
- 4
- Brennstofftropfenspray
- 5
- Brennerachse
- 6
- Rückströmzone (vortex breakdown)
- 7
- Flammenfront
- 8, 9
- Brennstoffzuleitung
- 10
- Frontplatte
- 11
- Öffnungen in der Frontplatte
- 12
- flüssiger Brennstoff
- 13
- weiterer Brennstoff (flüssig oder gasförmig)
- 14
- Innenraum des Brenners
- 15
- Verbrennungsluftstrom
- 16
- Eindüsung Brennstoff
- 17
- Öffnungen
- 18
- Düsenbohrung
- 19, 20
- tangentialer Lufteintrittsschlitz
- 21a,21b
- Leitblech
- 22
- Brennraum abströmseitig des Brenners
- 23
- Drehpunkt
- 24
- Zuführkanal
- 25
- Turbulenzkammer
- 26
- Rohr
- 27
- Deckel des Rohres
- 28
- Füllstück
- 29
- Zufuhröffnung im Füllstück
- α
- Kegelhalbwinkel
- β
- Winkel zwischen Tropfenspray und Längsachse des Brenners
- dT
- Tropfendurchmesser
- p
- Druck
- Dx
- Grenzdurchmesser, den x Massen% aller Teilchen unterschreiten
- SMD
- Sauterdurchmesser
Claims (5)
- Vormischbrenner der Doppelkegelbauart zum Betrieb einer Brennkraftmaschine, einer Brennkammer einer Gasturbogruppe oder Feuerungsanlage, wobei der Brenner im wesentlichen aus mindestens zwei in Strömungsrichtung aufeinander positionierten, hohlen kegelförmigen Teilkörpern (1, 2) mit einem in Strömungsrichtung konstanten Kegelhalbwinkel (α) besteht, deren Längssymmetrieachsen (1a, 1b) zueinander radial versetzt verlaufen, wodurch strömungsmässig entgegengesetzte tangentiale Lufteintrittsschlitze (19, 20) für einen Verbrennungsluftstrom (15) entstehen, wobei im engsten Querschnitt des durch die kegeligen Teilkörper (1, 2) gebildeten Kegelhohlraumes (14) eine Düse (3) zur Zerstäubung eines flüssigen Brennstoffes (12) angeordnet ist und die Brennstoffeindüsung mit der Längsachse des Brenners (5) einen spitzen Winkel (β) bildet, und wobei im Bereich der Lufteintrittsschlitze (19, 20) die kegeligen Teilkörper (1, 2) mit oder ohne Mittel (8, 9, 17) zur Beibringung eines weiteren flüssigen oder gasförmigen Brennstoffes (13) ergänzt sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Düse eine Hochdruckzerstäubungsdüse (3) ist, welche aus einem Düsenkörper besteht, in dem mindestens ein Zufuhrkanal (24) für den zu zerstäubenden und unter einem Druck von grösser 100 bar zuführbaren flüssigen Brennstoff (12) angeordnet ist und dieser Zufuhrkanal (24) mit oder ohne dazwischen angeordneter Turbulenzkammer (25) über mindestens zwei Düsenbohrungen (18) mit dem Innenraum (14) des Brenners in Verbindung steht, dass die Düsenbohrungen (18) auf die Lufteintrittsschlitze (19, 20) gerichtet sind und der Winkel (β) zwischen dem aus den Düsenbohrungen (18) austretenden Brennstofftropfenspray (4) und der Längsachse (5) des Brenners mindestens so gross ist wie der Kegelhalbwinkel (α) zwischen den Teilkegelkörpern (1, 2) und der Längsachse (5) des Brenners.
- Vormischbrenner nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Hochdruckzerstäubungsdüse (3) eine turbulenzunterstützte Hochdruckdüse mit einer in Strömungsrichtung vor den Düsenbohrungen (18) angeordneten Turbulenzkammer (25) ist, wobei die Turbulenzkammer (25) begrenzt wird von einem Rohr (26), einem kegeligen Deckel (27) des Rohres (26), in welchem die Düsenbohrungen (18) angeordnet sind, und von einem Füllstück (28) mit mindestens einer Zufuhröffnung (29).
- Vormischbrenner nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Hochdruckzerstäubungsdüse (3) eine Hochdruck-Blendendüse ist, welche aus einem Rohr (26) und einem kegeligen Deckel (27) des Rohres (26), in welchem die Düsenöffnungen (18) angeordnet sind, besteht.
- Vormischbrenner nach Anspruch 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Düsenbohrungen (18) im äusseren Drittel des kegeligen Deckels (27) nahe der Wand des Rohres (26) angeordnet sind.
- Vormischbrenner nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Zufuhröffnung (29) mittig im Füllstück (28) angeordnet ist.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE4440558A DE4440558A1 (de) | 1994-11-12 | 1994-11-12 | Vormischbrenner |
| DE4440558 | 1994-11-12 |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0711953A2 EP0711953A2 (de) | 1996-05-15 |
| EP0711953A3 EP0711953A3 (de) | 1997-09-03 |
| EP0711953B1 true EP0711953B1 (de) | 2001-07-25 |
Family
ID=6533228
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP95810671A Expired - Lifetime EP0711953B1 (de) | 1994-11-12 | 1995-10-30 | Vormischbrenner |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5586878A (de) |
| EP (1) | EP0711953B1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JPH08210606A (de) |
| DE (2) | DE4440558A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19736902A1 (de) * | 1997-08-25 | 1999-03-04 | Abb Research Ltd | Brenner für einen Wärmeerzeuger |
| EP0902233B1 (de) | 1997-09-15 | 2003-03-12 | ALSTOM (Switzerland) Ltd | Kombinierte Druckzerstäuberdüse |
| DE10051221A1 (de) * | 2000-10-16 | 2002-07-11 | Alstom Switzerland Ltd | Brenner mit gestufter Brennstoff-Eindüsung |
| DE10055408A1 (de) * | 2000-11-09 | 2002-05-23 | Alstom Switzerland Ltd | Verfahren zur Brenstoffeinspritzung in einen Brenner |
| DE10247764A1 (de) * | 2002-10-14 | 2004-04-22 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Zerstäuberdüse |
| CA2555153C (en) * | 2004-02-12 | 2012-11-13 | Alstom Technology Ltd. | Premix burner with a swirl generator delimiting a conical swirl space and having sensor monitoring |
| CN1942710A (zh) * | 2004-02-12 | 2007-04-04 | 阿尔斯通技术有限公司 | 用于操作燃烧室的预混和燃烧器装置和操作燃烧室的方法 |
| DE112004002704B4 (de) * | 2004-03-03 | 2011-04-07 | Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. | Verbrennungsanlage |
| ATE373802T1 (de) * | 2004-06-08 | 2007-10-15 | Alstom Technology Ltd | Vormischbrenner mit gestufter flüssigbrennstoffversorgung |
| MX2007004119A (es) | 2004-10-18 | 2007-06-20 | Alstom Technology Ltd | Quemador para turbina de gas. |
| US8393891B2 (en) * | 2006-09-18 | 2013-03-12 | General Electric Company | Distributed-jet combustion nozzle |
| DE102008015577A1 (de) * | 2008-03-18 | 2009-10-22 | Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. | Verfahren zur schadstoffarmen Verbrennung mit flüssigem Brennstoff und Brennkammervorrichtung |
| US8683804B2 (en) * | 2009-11-13 | 2014-04-01 | General Electric Company | Premixing apparatus for fuel injection in a turbine engine |
| JP5448762B2 (ja) * | 2009-12-02 | 2014-03-19 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | ガスタービン用燃焼バーナ |
| EP2685163B1 (de) * | 2012-07-10 | 2020-03-25 | Ansaldo Energia Switzerland AG | Multikonus-Vormischungsbrenner für eine Gasturbine |
| KR101489579B1 (ko) * | 2013-05-30 | 2015-02-03 | 현대하이스코 주식회사 | 미세 분무 노즐을 이용한 액상 연료 개질 장치 |
Family Cites Families (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2618928A (en) * | 1944-05-19 | 1952-11-25 | Power Jets Res & Dev Ltd | Combustion apparatus with vaned fuel injector means |
| FR2239162A5 (en) * | 1973-07-27 | 1975-02-21 | Utilisation Ration Gaz | Nozzle for liquified petroleum gas burner - is conical with ring of outlet holes and restricted inlet passage |
| DE2517756A1 (de) * | 1975-04-22 | 1976-11-04 | Christian Coulon | Verfahren und einrichtung zum zerstaeuben und verbrennen von fluessigen brennstoffen |
| US4128206A (en) * | 1977-05-31 | 1978-12-05 | Delavan Corporation | Low drift flat spray nozzle and method |
| FR2406725A1 (fr) * | 1977-10-24 | 1979-05-18 | Proizv Ob | Procede de brulage de carburant dans une chambre de combustion et chambre de combustion annulaire pour la mise en oeuvre dudit procede |
| EP0210462B1 (de) * | 1985-07-30 | 1989-03-15 | BBC Brown Boveri AG | Dualbrenner |
| CH674561A5 (de) * | 1987-12-21 | 1990-06-15 | Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie | |
| CH680467A5 (de) * | 1989-12-22 | 1992-08-31 | Asea Brown Boveri | |
| EP0496016B1 (de) * | 1991-01-23 | 1995-05-10 | Asea Brown Boveri Ag | Hochdruckzerstäubungsdüse |
| CH682952A5 (de) * | 1991-03-12 | 1993-12-15 | Asea Brown Boveri | Brenner für eine Vormischverbrennung eines flüssigen und/oder gasförmigen Brennstoffes. |
| EP0518072A1 (de) * | 1991-06-14 | 1992-12-16 | Asea Brown Boveri Ag | Brenner zum Betrieb einer Brennkraftmaschine, einer Brennkammer einer Gasturbogruppe oder einer Feuerungsanlage |
| US5307634A (en) * | 1992-02-26 | 1994-05-03 | United Technologies Corporation | Premix gas nozzle |
-
1994
- 1994-11-12 DE DE4440558A patent/DE4440558A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1995
- 1995-10-30 EP EP95810671A patent/EP0711953B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-10-30 DE DE59509445T patent/DE59509445D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-11-02 US US08/552,088 patent/US5586878A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-11-09 JP JP7291189A patent/JPH08210606A/ja active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH08210606A (ja) | 1996-08-20 |
| DE59509445D1 (de) | 2001-08-30 |
| US5586878A (en) | 1996-12-24 |
| DE4440558A1 (de) | 1996-05-15 |
| EP0711953A2 (de) | 1996-05-15 |
| EP0711953A3 (de) | 1997-09-03 |
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