EP0711953B1 - Brûleur à prémélange - Google Patents

Brûleur à prémélange Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0711953B1
EP0711953B1 EP95810671A EP95810671A EP0711953B1 EP 0711953 B1 EP0711953 B1 EP 0711953B1 EP 95810671 A EP95810671 A EP 95810671A EP 95810671 A EP95810671 A EP 95810671A EP 0711953 B1 EP0711953 B1 EP 0711953B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
nozzle
burner
fuel
tube
cone
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP95810671A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0711953A2 (fr
EP0711953A3 (fr
Inventor
Klaus Dr. Döbbeling
Johannes Santner
Christian Dr. Steinbach
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ABB Research Ltd Switzerland
ABB Research Ltd Sweden
Original Assignee
ABB Research Ltd Switzerland
ABB Research Ltd Sweden
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ABB Research Ltd Switzerland, ABB Research Ltd Sweden filed Critical ABB Research Ltd Switzerland
Publication of EP0711953A2 publication Critical patent/EP0711953A2/fr
Publication of EP0711953A3 publication Critical patent/EP0711953A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0711953B1 publication Critical patent/EP0711953B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/36—Details, e.g. burner cooling means, noise reduction means
    • F23D11/38—Nozzles; Cleaning devices therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C7/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply
    • F23C7/002—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply the air being submitted to a rotary or spinning motion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/36—Details, e.g. burner cooling means, noise reduction means
    • F23D11/40—Mixing tubes or chambers; Burner heads
    • F23D11/402—Mixing chambers downstream of the nozzle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D17/00—Burners for combustion conjointly or alternatively of gaseous or liquid or pulverulent fuel
    • F23D17/002—Burners for combustion conjointly or alternatively of gaseous or liquid or pulverulent fuel gaseous or liquid fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion apparatus using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in air; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23C2900/07002—Premix burners with air inlet slots obtained between offset curved wall surfaces, e.g. double cone burners

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a low-pollutant premix burner the double cone design for operating an internal combustion engine, a combustion chamber of a gas turbine group or furnace with one located in the top of the cone cavity High pressure atomizing nozzle for atomizing liquid Fuel, the nozzle with or without turbulence is formed and with at least two nozzle bores communicates with the interior of the burner.
  • Atomizer burners are known in which the oil which is burned is finely divided mechanically. It is broken down into fine droplets of approx. 10 to 400 ⁇ m in diameter (oil mist), which evaporate and burn in the flame when mixed with the combustion air.
  • pressure atomizers see Lueger - Lexikon dertechnik, Manual Verlags-Anstalt Stuttgart, 1965, Volume 7, p.600
  • the oil is supplied to an atomizing nozzle by an oil pump at a pressure of approx. 4 to 25 bar.
  • the oil enters a swirl chamber via essentially tangential slots and leaves the nozzle via a nozzle bore. It is thereby achieved that the oil particles receive two components of motion, an axial and a radial.
  • the oil film emerging from the nozzle bore as a rotating hollow cylinder expands due to the centrifugal force into a hollow cone, the edges of which get into unstable vibrations and tear into small oil droplets.
  • the atomized oil forms a cone with a more or less large opening angle.
  • Swirl nozzles pressure atomizers
  • air-assisted atomizers the known types with a pressure up to approx. 100 bar are hardly suitable for this because they do not have a small angle of propagation allow the atomization quality is limited and the impulse of the drop spray is low.
  • the invention tries to avoid all these disadvantages. you the task is based on a low pollutant premix burner the double-cone type to create a high pressure atomizing nozzle for atomizing liquid fuel has that is simple and with which a very good atomization quality with high at the same time Fuel pulse is reached.
  • the nozzle is a high pressure atomization nozzle which consists of a nozzle body exists in which at least one feed channel for the to be atomized and arranged under a pressure of greater than 100 bar of liquid fuel and this feed channel with or without a turbulence chamber arranged in between via at least two nozzle bores with the interior of the burner communicates that the nozzle outlet holes of the high pressure atomizing nozzle on the air inlet slots are directed and the angle of the fuel spray emerging from the nozzle bores to Axis of the burner is at least as large as the cone half angle of the burner.
  • the advantages of the invention include in that at the high-pressure atomization nozzle according to the invention a fine atomization of fuel with a high fuel pulse is connected and thus a rapid evaporation of the fuel as well as a good premix of the fuel spray of the combustion air can be reached.
  • the high pressure atomization nozzle is simply constructed, well within the burner accessible and is characterized by a small footprint in the burner tip.
  • the fuel can be targeted be injected in high air velocity zones.
  • the Necessity to add water to lower the NOx emissions are eliminated, because due to the above fine atomization, rapid evaporation of fuel and good ones Premixing the fuel spray with the combustion air the NOx emissions are very low.
  • the Turbulence chamber is limited by a tube, a conical one Cover of the tube in which the nozzle bores are arranged and a filler with at least one feed opening, which is preferably arranged centrally in the filler.
  • the turbulence generated in front of the nozzle bore causes a rapid decay of the liquid jet and a special one fine drop spray achieved.
  • the resulting drop spray is also characterized by small angles of spread.
  • a high pressure orifice nozzle is used which comes from a tube and a conical cover of the tube, in which the nozzle openings are arranged.
  • a very high fuel impulse reached, the deep penetration of the fuel spray into the combustion air.
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows a section through the premix burner, which essentially consists of two partial cone bodies 1, 2 exists and its basic structure in EP 0 321 809 B1 is described.
  • Fig. 2 and the therein evident cuts according to FIGS. 3 to 5 used become.
  • Fig. 2 shows a perspective view of the double-cone burner with integrated premixing zone.
  • the two partial cone bodies 1, 2 are with respect to their longitudinal symmetry axes 1b, 2b arranged radially offset from each other. This creates on both sides of the partial cone body 1, 2 in opposite Inflow arrangement each tangential air inlet slots 19, 20, through which the combustion air 15 in the Interior 14 of the burner, i.e. in that of the two partial cone bodies 1, 2 formed cone cavity flows.
  • the partial cone bodies 1, 2 expand in a straight line in the direction of flow, i.e. they have a constant angle ⁇ with the burner axis 5 on.
  • the two partial cone bodies 1, 2 each have a cylindrical initial part la, 2a, which is also offset run.
  • this cylindrical initial part la there is a high pressure atomization nozzle 3 with at least two nozzle openings 11, which have approximately the narrowest cross section of the conical interior 14 of the burner are arranged.
  • the burner can also be without a cylindrical one Initial part, so be made purely conical.
  • the two partial cone bodies 1, 2 have along the air inlet slots 19, 20 each have a fuel feed line 8, 9, which are provided on the long side with openings 17 through which another fuel 13 (gaseous or liquid) flows.
  • This fuel 13 is the tangential Air inlet slots 19, 20 flowing into the interior of the burner Combustion air 15 admixed, which is indicated by the arrows 16 is pictured.
  • a mixed operation of the burner via the nozzle 3 and the fuel feeds 8, 9 is possible.
  • a front plate 10 with openings is arranged on the combustion chamber side 11, through which, if necessary, dilution air or cooling air are fed to the combustion chamber 22. It also ensures this air supply ensures that flame stabilization on Output of the burner takes place. There is a stable one Flame front 7 with a backflow zone 6.
  • baffles 21 a, 21 b can be around a pivot point, for example 23 can be opened or closed, so that the original gap size of the tangential air inlet slots 19, 20 is changed.
  • the Burners can also be operated without these baffles 21a, 21b.
  • a turbulence assisted high pressure atomization nozzle 3 shown which as shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 is arranged in the cone tip of the burner. It consists of a tube 26 which has a supply channel 24 and surrounds a turbulence chamber 25.
  • the tube 26 is one conical lid 27 completed, in which in the exterior Third near the tube wall two nozzle bores 18 are available are. These nozzle bores 18 establish the connection between the turbulence chamber 25 located in the tube 26 and the interior 14 (cone cavity) of the burner.
  • the turbulence chamber 25 is delimited by a filler in addition to the tube 26 28 and the cover 27 of the tube 26.
  • a feed opening 29 for the fuel to be atomized 12 arranged in the middle a feed opening 29 for the fuel to be atomized 12 arranged.
  • This opening can go without saying can also be arranged off-center or can be several Feed openings 29 may be present. It is favorable if the Feed opening 29 narrowing in the direction of flow Has cross section, as shown in Fig. 6.
  • the fuel 12 to be atomized flows under a pressure greater than 100 bar via the supply line 24 and the opening 29 into the turbulence chamber 25, which is jerky has widening cross section with respect to the feed opening 29.
  • the fuel jet hits the cone tip of the conical lid 27. By intensive shearing and rebounding the rays from the surface of the lid will generates a high level of turbulence, which is on the short path does not subside until it exits the nozzle.
  • the liquid jet is in front of the two nozzle bores 18th generated turbulence in the burner interior 14 for rapid decay brought, resulting in very small angles of propagation.
  • the fuel 12 is due to the high momentum and thereby high relative speed to air well atomized. He has a high penetration depth and thus leads to a high mixing quality.
  • Fig. 7 shows a second embodiment.
  • the High pressure atomizing nozzle 3 a multi-hole high pressure orifice nozzle
  • the structure of the above turbulence assisted nozzle corresponds, although of course no turbulence chamber for the orifice nozzle is available. That means that in this case the achievable fuel drop size under comparable Conditions for the first embodiment are somewhat is larger (see Fig. 8), but a high fuel pulse can be used for this can be achieved by targeted injection in zones of high air speed also to the above Advantages leads.
  • the cross section of the nozzle 3, its position and the direction of injection results from the desired throughput (depending on of form) taking into account sufficiently high Reynolds numbers in the nozzle bores 18.
  • the diagram shown in FIG. 8 illustrates the dependence of the droplet diameter d T on the admission pressure p for different limit diameters of the droplet mass distribution.
  • Dx denotes the limit diameter that x mass% of all particles fall below.
  • SMD is the Sauter diameter, i.e. the diameter of a droplet that has the same surface to volume ratio as the total jet.
  • the high pressure atomization nozzle on which the diagram is based was charged with water and had the following parameters: Diameter of the nozzle 10.0 mm Feed channel diameter 8.0 mm Diameter of the feed opening in the filler 1.8 mm Diameter of the nozzle bores 0.6 mm Length of the turbulence chamber 7.0 mm.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Nozzles For Spraying Of Liquid Fuel (AREA)
  • Spray-Type Burners (AREA)

Claims (5)

  1. Brûleur à prémélange du type à double cône pour la conduite d'un moteur à combustion interne, d'une chambre de combustion d'un turbogroupe à gaz ou d'une installation de chauffe, dans lequel le brûleur se compose essentiellement d'au moins deux corps partiels coniques creux (1, 2) positionnés l'un au-dessus de l'autre dans le sens de l'écoulement avec un demi-angle d'ouverture (α) constant dans le sens de l'écoulement, dont les axes de symétrie longitudinaux (1b, 2b) sont déportés radialement l'un par rapport à l'autre, ce qui donne naissance à des fentes d'entrée d'air tangentielles (19, 20) à courants de sens contraires pour un courant d'air de combustion (15), dans lequel un injecteur (3) est disposé dans la section transversale la plus étroite de l'espace conique creux (14) formé par les corps partiels coniques (1, 2) pour la pulvérisation d'un combustible liquide (12) et l'injection de combustible forme avec l'axe longitudinal du brûleur (5) un angle aigu (β), et dans lequel les corps partiels coniques (1, 2) sont complétés, dans la région des fentes d'entrée d'air (19, 20), avec ou sans des moyens (8, 9, 17) pour ajouter un combustible liquide ou gazeux supplémentaire (13), caractérisé en ce que l'injecteur est un pulvérisateur à haute pression (3), qui se compose d'un corps d'injecteur dans lequel est disposé au moins un canal d'admission (24) pour le combustible liquide (12) à pulvériser et admissible sous une pression de plus de 100 bar et ce canal d'admission (24) est en communication avec l'espace intérieur (14) du brûleur par au moins deux orifices d'injecteur (18) avec ou sans chambre de turbulence intermédiaire (25), en ce que les orifices d'injecteur (18) sont dirigés vers les fentes d'entrée d'air (19, 20) et l'angle (β) entre le nuage de gouttes de combustible (4) sortant des orifices d'injecteur (18) et l'axe longitudinal (5) du brûleur est au moins aussi grand que le demi-angle (α) d'ouverture du cône entre les corps coniques partiels (1, 2) et l'axe longitudinal (5) du brûleur.
  2. Brûleur à prémélange suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le pulvérisateur à haute pression (3) est un injecteur à haute pression à turbulence avec une chambre de turbulence (25) disposée avant les orifices d'injecteur (18) dans le sens de l'écoulement, dans lequel la chambre de turbulence (25) est limitée par un tube (26), par un couvercle conique (27) du tube (26), dans lequel les orifices d'injecteur (18) sont pratiqués, et par une pièce de remplissage (28) avec au moins un orifice d'admission (29).
  3. Brûleur à prémélange suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le pulvérisateur à haute pression (3) est un injecteur à diaphragme à haute pression, qui se compose d'un tube (26) et d'un couvercle conique (27) du tube (26), dans lequel les orifices d'injecteur (18) sont pratiqués.
  4. Brûleur à prémélange suivant la revendication 2 ou 3, caractérisé en ce que les orifices d'injecteur (18) sont disposés dans le tiers extérieur du couvercle conique (27) à proximité de la paroi du tube (26).
  5. Brûleur à prémélange suivant la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que l'orifice d'admission (29) est disposé au centre de la pièce de remplissage (28).
EP95810671A 1994-11-12 1995-10-30 Brûleur à prémélange Expired - Lifetime EP0711953B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4440558A DE4440558A1 (de) 1994-11-12 1994-11-12 Vormischbrenner
DE4440558 1994-11-12

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0711953A2 EP0711953A2 (fr) 1996-05-15
EP0711953A3 EP0711953A3 (fr) 1997-09-03
EP0711953B1 true EP0711953B1 (fr) 2001-07-25

Family

ID=6533228

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP95810671A Expired - Lifetime EP0711953B1 (fr) 1994-11-12 1995-10-30 Brûleur à prémélange

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US5586878A (fr)
EP (1) EP0711953B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH08210606A (fr)
DE (2) DE4440558A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19736902A1 (de) * 1997-08-25 1999-03-04 Abb Research Ltd Brenner für einen Wärmeerzeuger
DE59709510D1 (de) 1997-09-15 2003-04-17 Alstom Switzerland Ltd Kombinierte Druckzerstäuberdüse
DE10051221A1 (de) * 2000-10-16 2002-07-11 Alstom Switzerland Ltd Brenner mit gestufter Brennstoff-Eindüsung
DE10055408A1 (de) * 2000-11-09 2002-05-23 Alstom Switzerland Ltd Verfahren zur Brenstoffeinspritzung in einen Brenner
DE10247764A1 (de) * 2002-10-14 2004-04-22 Robert Bosch Gmbh Zerstäuberdüse
MXPA06008994A (es) * 2004-02-12 2006-12-14 Alstom Tehcnology Ltd Arreglo de quemador de premezclado para operar una camara de combustion y metodo para operar una camara de combustion.
EP1714073B1 (fr) * 2004-02-12 2016-08-31 General Electric Technology GmbH Bruleur a premelange comportant un generateur de tourbillon definissant un espace de tourbillon conique, et une surveillance par capteur
CN100590359C (zh) * 2004-03-03 2010-02-17 三菱重工业株式会社 燃烧器
WO2005121648A1 (fr) * 2004-06-08 2005-12-22 Alstom Technology Ltd Bruleur a premelange a alimentation etagee en combustible liquide et procede pour faire fonctionner un bruleur a premelange
WO2006042796A2 (fr) 2004-10-18 2006-04-27 Alstom Technology Ltd Bruleur pour turbine a gaz
US8393891B2 (en) * 2006-09-18 2013-03-12 General Electric Company Distributed-jet combustion nozzle
DE102008015577A1 (de) * 2008-03-18 2009-10-22 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Verfahren zur schadstoffarmen Verbrennung mit flüssigem Brennstoff und Brennkammervorrichtung
US8683804B2 (en) * 2009-11-13 2014-04-01 General Electric Company Premixing apparatus for fuel injection in a turbine engine
JP5448762B2 (ja) * 2009-12-02 2014-03-19 三菱重工業株式会社 ガスタービン用燃焼バーナ
EP2685163B1 (fr) 2012-07-10 2020-03-25 Ansaldo Energia Switzerland AG Brûleur de prémélange du type multi-cônes destiné à une turbine à gaz
KR101489579B1 (ko) * 2013-05-30 2015-02-03 현대하이스코 주식회사 미세 분무 노즐을 이용한 액상 연료 개질 장치

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US2618928A (en) * 1944-05-19 1952-11-25 Power Jets Res & Dev Ltd Combustion apparatus with vaned fuel injector means
FR2239162A5 (en) * 1973-07-27 1975-02-21 Utilisation Ration Gaz Nozzle for liquified petroleum gas burner - is conical with ring of outlet holes and restricted inlet passage
DE2517756A1 (de) * 1975-04-22 1976-11-04 Christian Coulon Verfahren und einrichtung zum zerstaeuben und verbrennen von fluessigen brennstoffen
US4128206A (en) * 1977-05-31 1978-12-05 Delavan Corporation Low drift flat spray nozzle and method
FR2406725A1 (fr) * 1977-10-24 1979-05-18 Proizv Ob Procede de brulage de carburant dans une chambre de combustion et chambre de combustion annulaire pour la mise en oeuvre dudit procede
DE3662462D1 (en) * 1985-07-30 1989-04-20 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Dual combustor
CH674561A5 (fr) * 1987-12-21 1990-06-15 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie
CH680467A5 (fr) * 1989-12-22 1992-08-31 Asea Brown Boveri
EP0496016B1 (fr) * 1991-01-23 1995-05-10 Asea Brown Boveri Ag Buse de pulvérisation haute-pression
CH682952A5 (de) * 1991-03-12 1993-12-15 Asea Brown Boveri Brenner für eine Vormischverbrennung eines flüssigen und/oder gasförmigen Brennstoffes.
EP0518072A1 (fr) * 1991-06-14 1992-12-16 Asea Brown Boveri Ag Brûleur pour un moteur à combustion interne, une chambre de combustion d'une installation pour turbine à gaz ou un foyer
US5307634A (en) * 1992-02-26 1994-05-03 United Technologies Corporation Premix gas nozzle

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE4440558A1 (de) 1996-05-15
JPH08210606A (ja) 1996-08-20
EP0711953A2 (fr) 1996-05-15
EP0711953A3 (fr) 1997-09-03
US5586878A (en) 1996-12-24
DE59509445D1 (de) 2001-08-30

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