EP1714073B1 - Bruleur a premelange comportant un generateur de tourbillon definissant un espace de tourbillon conique, et une surveillance par capteur - Google Patents

Bruleur a premelange comportant un generateur de tourbillon definissant un espace de tourbillon conique, et une surveillance par capteur Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1714073B1
EP1714073B1 EP05716640.7A EP05716640A EP1714073B1 EP 1714073 B1 EP1714073 B1 EP 1714073B1 EP 05716640 A EP05716640 A EP 05716640A EP 1714073 B1 EP1714073 B1 EP 1714073B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
channel
premix burner
burner according
burner
swirl chamber
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP05716640.7A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1714073A1 (fr
Inventor
Philipp Brunner
Jaan Hellat
Christian Oliver Paschereit
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ansaldo Energia Switzerland AG
Original Assignee
General Electric Technology GmbH
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by General Electric Technology GmbH filed Critical General Electric Technology GmbH
Publication of EP1714073A1 publication Critical patent/EP1714073A1/fr
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Publication of EP1714073B1 publication Critical patent/EP1714073B1/fr
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C7/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply
    • F23C7/002—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply the air being submitted to a rotary or spinning motion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/02—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium
    • F23N5/022—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2241/00—Applications
    • F23N2241/20—Gas turbines

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a premix burner with a, a conical swirl space limiting swirl generator, which provides at least two Operakegelschalen offset along a burner axis to each other, each include longitudinally to the burner axis extending air inlet slots and in combination have a flared Vormischbrennunterssenkontur, the has a largest outer diameter, which tapers axially in a region with a smallest outer diameter.
  • Premix burners of the aforementioned type are known from a variety of prepublished publications, such as. From the EP A1 0 210 462 as well as the EP B1 0 321 809 , to name just a few. Premix burners of this type is based on the general operating principle, within a mostly designed as a conical swirl generator, which provides at least two with corresponding overlap overlapping Operakegelschalen to produce a consisting of a fuel-air mixture swirl flow, which within a downstream of the premix burner combustion chamber under training a spatially stable as possible premix flame is made to ignite.
  • premix burners are preferably used for firing combustion chambers for the operation of a heat engine, especially in gas or steam turbine plants, especially since these premix burners allow the use of different fuels to form a substantially homogeneous fuel-air mixture, which ultimately under training an aerodynamically stabilized premix flame can be made to ignite.
  • thermal power plants in particular of gas turbine plants, with regard to their environmental compatibility, since the exhaust gases released into the atmosphere by the combustion process are subject to strict emission limit values.
  • thermal power plants it is important to optimize thermal power plants from the point of view of their efficiency, with which they are capable of converting energy into electrical energy, and if possible in the entire spectrum of their power range.
  • the aim should therefore be to actively monitor the entire combustion process and to adapt the control variables influencing the combustion process, such as fuel and air supply, to the changes which may be presently occurring.
  • this requires a variety of the operating behavior of the burner sensors, which makes the burner assembly arbitrarily complicated and ultimately costly to manufacture, it still burner operating variables such as fuel and air supply, flame temperature, the occurrence of thermoacoustic vibrations and surface temperatures to detect a To get as complete a picture as possible about the current burner situation.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a Vormischbrenner with a, a conical swirl space limiting swirl generator, which provides at least two Operakegelschalen offset along a burner axis to each other, each include longitudinally extending to the burner axis air inlet slots and in combination have a conically expanding Vormischbrennerau Conskontur having a largest outer diameter, which tapers axially in a region with a smallest outer diameter, further develop such that the integration of differently designed sensor units in the housing of the premix burner is possible with the least possible design effort.
  • it is necessary to take precautions on the premix burner by which an adaptation of a wide variety of sensor units can be implemented easily and without great service outlay.
  • the measures to be taken should also be available on premix burners already in use so that the possibility of retrofitting suitably designed sensor units on premix burners in operation is possible.
  • a premix burner according to the preamble of claim 1 is designed in such a way that at least one partial cone shell in the region between the largest and smallest outer diameter deviates from the conically expanding premix burner outer contour deviating locally from the premix burner outer contour radially outwardly receiving unit, with a maximum radial extent, which is smaller than the largest half outside diameter of the premix burner outer contour.
  • This requirement arises from the desire for a compact design without the radial Premix burner in the axial direction has a corresponding connection flange with a combustion chamber, wherein at least the premix burner is surrounded by a housing which includes a flow space in which the premix burner is supplied with supply air.
  • the housing usually has a correspondingly lockable mounting hole through which the premix burner can be axially mounted to the combustion chamber housing.
  • the receiving unit designed according to the invention in no way impairs the axial mountability of the premix burner and, moreover, offers the implementation of a sensor unit.
  • the receiving unit has at least one hollow channel, with at least one channel opening facing away from the swirl space, via which the sensor unit can be implemented in the receiving unit, wherein the hollow channel has a channel longitudinal extension, which extends substantially parallel to the burner axis.
  • the channel longitudinal extension directed parallel to the burner axis makes it possible to implement corresponding sensor units coaxially with the burner axis, whereby even a premix burner equipped with corresponding sensor units has no components whose maximum radial extent exceeds the maximum outside diameter of the premix burner housing, so that in this case as well an axial mountability of the entire premix burner preserved.
  • Fig. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view through an inventively designed premix burner shown, which has a conically shaped swirl chamber 1, which is bounded by two partial cone shells 2, 3.
  • the partial cone shells 2, 3 are in relation to a burner axis A (see here the cross-sectional view according to FIG Fig. 2 ) are arranged offset and each include each air inlet slots 4 a.
  • the two partial cone shells 2, 3 a Vormischbrennunter C having at the location of the burner outlet 5 has a largest outer diameter A max , which tapers axiallyward and an area 6 with a smallest outer diameter A min provides in which usually a central burner nozzle assembly (not shown) is positionable.
  • a max which tapers axiallyward
  • a min provides in which usually a central burner nozzle assembly (not shown) is positionable.
  • a receiving unit 7 is provided per partial cone shell 2, 3, which is firmly joined to the outer wall of the respective cone shells 2, 3.
  • the receiving unit 7 has a maximum radial extent R max , which is smaller or significantly smaller than the half maximum outer diameter A max . This ensures that the premix burner unit axially through mounting holes, which have only a slightly larger mounting diameter than the maximum outer diameter A max , unhindered can be passed.
  • the receiving unit 7 according to embodiment in Fig. 1 and 2 is formed as a separate component, which can be added in the form of a retrofit kit to the outer wall of the respective sub-cone shell 2, 3. Of course, it is possible to connect the receiving unit 7 in one piece in the manufacture of the partial cone shell with this.
  • supporting flanks 11 are attached to the outer housing of the premix burner, which likewise do not project beyond the maximum outside diameter A max .
  • the receiving unit 7 has at least one hollow channel 8, whose channel longitudinal extent is oriented parallel to the burner axis A.
  • the hollow channel 8 also has in the illustrated embodiment according to Fig. 1 via a first channel opening 9, which is open axially outwards and allows an axially directed insertion possibility for a correspondingly formed, rod-shaped adapted to the inner contour of the hollow channel 8 sensor unit.
  • the inner contour of the hollow channel 8 may be formed as desired.
  • the hollow channel 8 opens via a second channel opening 10 directly into the swirl chamber 1.
  • the hollow channel 8 can have different inner contours of the type of sensor used. All hollow channel designs, however, have in common that they have a koparallele alignment to the burner axis A, which allows an axially facing assembly with corresponding sensor units.
  • Fig. 2 is, as already mentioned, a cross-sectional view through the in Fig. 1 illustrated Vormischbrenner shown. From the cross-sectional representation shows that in addition to the main channel designed as a hollow channel 8, the receiving unit 7 is penetrated in each case by two further hollow channels 8 ', in which also corresponding sensor units can be inserted. In addition, it is particularly advantageous to arrange the receiving unit 7 as centrally as possible at the upper side of the partial cone shell 2, 3 facing away from the swirl space 1 in the circumferential direction between the fuel supply pipe 19 and the shell end edge 20 in order not to influence the air flow directed into the air intake slots 4 as far as possible.
  • the longitudinal section according to the Fig. 3a to d show alternative forms of training differently shaped hollow channels, which are adapted for different sensor types.
  • Fig. 3a has a hollow channel 8, which provides two substantially differently sized diameter channel sections 12 and 12 ', wherein the larger in cross-section channel section 12 is preferably suitable for the use of a microphone sensor 13.
  • the channel section 12 opens via a smaller diameter dimensioned channel section 12 'directly into the swirl chamber 1, via which, for example, pressure fluctuations can be transmitted, as they are initiated by the formation of thermoacoustic vibrations in the interior of the combustion chamber.
  • the receiving unit 7 provides a flushing channel 14, via which cooling air can be fed into the hollow channel 8 in order to avoid overheating of the microphone sensor unit 13.
  • cooling air is introduced from outside through the flushing channel 14 into the hollow channel 8 in the region of the channel section 12 ', the cooling air prevents the entry of hot gases into the hollow channel 8 through the channel opening 10 and in this way serves to prevent the sensor unit from overheating.
  • the hollow channel 8 is formed with a constant inner diameter for the introduction of an optical flame sensor 15.
  • the optical flame sensor 15 has an observation angle range 16, which is limited on the one hand by the exit aperture of the optical flame sensor 15 and on the other hand by the viewing angle enlarging channel opening 10. Again serves to avoid overheating of the flame sensor 15, a flushing channel 14 for the supply of appropriate cooling air.
  • the flushing channel 14 is provided in this case in close proximity to the channel opening 10 to the front aperture region of the Flame sensor 15 effectively protect against thermal contact with the hot gases. With the aid of the optical flame sensor 15, it is possible to monitor the flame front forming inside the combustion chamber, the spatial position of which is an important indication of stable combustion.
  • Fig. 3c has a double-channel guide 8, 8 ', wherein the hollow channels 8, 8' designed as blind holes run parallel to the burner axis A. Both hollow channels 8, 8 'moreover have channel sections 17, 17' extending perpendicularly to the burner axis, the channel section 17 opening into the swirl chamber 1 and the channel section 17 'opening into the atmosphere surrounding the premix burner.
  • the differential pressure measurement essentially serves to determine the air flow through the burner. This makes it possible to determine non-uniformities of the air distribution within the gas turbine housing and / or nonuniformities of the flow characteristic from burner to burner, if it is a multi-burner arrangement to determine. If differential pressure measurements are made on several cone shells of a burner, then one can also determine the nonuniformity of the air flow within a single burner.
  • thermosensor unit 18 is inserted.
  • the sensor units described in the preceding embodiments can be combined as desired within a single recording unit 7, so that as large a variety of different measurement data can be obtained from the side of the premix burner.
  • the sum of the sensor units described above allows the detection of a variety of operating variables, such as Flame temperature or the Vormischbrennertemperatur within the Operakegelschalen to determine the current thermal load of the premix burner, in order to initiate appropriate cooling measures if determined overheating.
  • the measuring sensor units In the case of a multiple burner arrangement, it is particularly advantageous to arrange the measuring sensor units in a plurality of burners. This makes it possible to determine local distributions of pulsations, flame temperatures, pressure distributions, etc., and thus to be able to conclude on the local distribution of the combustion quality, in order ultimately to be able to readjust the local burner conditions.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Gas Burners (AREA)

Claims (18)

  1. Brûleur à pré-mélange avec générateur de turbulences limitant une chambre de turbulences conique (1), qui comporte au moins deux coques coniques partielles (2, 3), qui sont disposés l'une par rapport à l'autre de manière décalée par rapport à l'axe du brûleur (A), qui comprennent des fentes d'admission d'air (4) s'étendant chacune le long de l'axe du brûleur (A) et présentent, en combinaison, un contour externe de brûleur de pré-mélange s'élargissant de manière conique, qui présente un diamètre externe maximum (Amax), qui se rétrécit dans la direction axiale dans une zone avec un diamètre externe minimum (Amin), caractérisé en ce qu'au moins une coque conique partielle (2, 3) présente, dans la zone entre les diamètres externes maximum et minimum, une unité de logement (7), déviant du contour externe de brûleur de pré-mélange s'élargissant de manière conique, et dépassant localement et radialement vers l'extérieur du contour externe du brûleur à pré-mélange, avec une extension radiale maximale (Rmax) qui est inférieure au diamètre externe maximum (Amax) du contour externe du brûleur à pré-mélange et en ce que, à l'intérieur de l'unité de logement (7), se trouve au moins un canal creux (8), avec au moins une ouverture de canal (9) opposée à la chambre de turbulences (1) ainsi qu'une extension longitudinale de canal qui s'étend globalement parallèlement à l'axe du brûleur (A).
  2. Brûleur à pré-mélange selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le canal creux (8) est conçu à la manière d'un trou borgne.
  3. Brûleur à pré-mélange selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le canal creux (8) est conçu comme un canal de passage, qui pénètre entièrement dans l'unité de logement (7) ainsi que dans la coque conique partielle (2, 3) et prévoit une ouverture de canal (10) orientée vers la chambre à turbulences (1).
  4. Brûleur à pré-mélange selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que l'unité de logement (7) est fixée fermement avec un côté supérieur de la coque conique partielle (2, 3) opposée à la chambre à turbulences (1) ou est reliée d'un seul bloc avec celui-ci.
  5. Brûleur à pré-mélange selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que le canal creux (8) est conçu de manière linéaire, avec au moins une portion de canal, qui présente une section de canal constante.
  6. Brûleur à pré-mélange selon l'une des revendications 3 à 5, caractérisé en ce que le canal creux (8) comprend au moins deux portions de canaux (12, 12') avec chacune une section de canal différente et en ce que la portion de canal avec la section de canal inférieure (12) jouxte la chambre de turbulences (1) par l'intermédiaire de l'ouverture de canal (10).
  7. Brûleur à pré-mélange selon l'une des revendications 3 à 6, caractérisé en ce que l'ouverture de canal (10) orientée vers la chambre de turbulences (1) présente un contour d'ouverture qui est produit au cours d'une pénétration linéaire de la coque conique partielle (2, 3) avec le canal creux (8), qui s'étend parallèlement à l'axe du brûleur (A).
  8. Brûleur à pré-mélange selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que l'ouverture de canal (10) orientée vers la chambre de turbulences (1) présente un contour d'ouverture agrandi par rapport au contour d'ouverture produit par la seule pénétration.
  9. Brûleur à pré-mélange selon l'une des revendications 3 à 6, caractérisé en ce que le canal creux (8) conçu en tant que canal de passage présente une première portion de canal, qui s'étend globalement parallèlement à l'axe du brûleur (A) et est conçu comme un canal à trou borgne et en ce que la première portion de canal est prolongée par une deuxième portion de canal (17) qui est orientée perpendiculairement à l'axe du brûleur (A) et présente l'ouverture de canal (10) orientée vers la chambre de turbulences (1).
  10. Brûleur à pré-mélange selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins un deuxième canal creux (8'), conçu comme un canal de passage, présente une première portion de canal, qui s'étend globalement parallèlement à l'axe du brûleur et est conçu comme un canal à trou borgne et en ce que la première portion de canal du deuxième canal creux (8') conçu comme un canal de passage est prolongée par une deuxième portion de canal (17') qui est orientée perpendiculairement par rapport à l'axe du brûleur (A) et une ouverture de canal opposée à la chambre de turbulences (1).
  11. Brûleur à pré-mélange selon l'une des revendications 3 à 10, caractérisé en ce que l'ouverture de canal (10), orientée vers la chambre de turbulences (1), se trouve dans une zone à environ un tiers de la longueur du brûleur, mesurée à partir de la sortie du brûleur (5), c'est à dire de la zone du brûleur avec le diamètre externe maximum (Amax).
  12. Brûleur à pré-mélange selon l'une des revendications 1 à 11, caractérisé en ce que la taille, la forme et la disposition de l'au moins un canal creux (8) sont choisies de façon à ce qu'un équipement, orienté axialement, du canal creux (8) avec une unité de capteur en forme de tige et adaptée au contour interne du canal creux, est possible.
  13. Brûleur à pré-mélange selon la revendication 12, caractérisé en ce que l'unité de capteur est conçue comme un capteur acoustique, optique, chimique, thermique et ou comme un capteur de pression.
  14. Brûleur à pré-mélange selon la revendication 12 ou 13, caractérisé en ce que le canal creux (8) présente, pour un montage fixe amovible de l'unité de capteur au ou dans le canal creux (8), un dispositif de fixation, de préférence sous la forme d'une liaison vissée, d'une bride de raccordement ou d'un ajustement serré.
  15. Brûleur à pré-mélange selon l'une des revendications 4 à 14, caractérisé en ce que le côté supérieur de la coque conique partielle (2, 3), opposé à la chambre de turbulences (1), est limité dans la direction circonférentielle d'une part par un tube d'alimentation en carburant et d'autre part par une arête d'extrémité de coque et en ce que l'unité de logement (7) est disposée, de la manière la plus centrée possible, entre le tube d'alimentation en carburant et l'arête d'extrémité de coque.
  16. Brûleur à pré-mélange selon la revendication 15, caractérisé en ce que, entre le tube d'alimentation en carburant et l'arête d'extrémité de coque, une distance est prévue, qui correspond au moins au double de la surélévation radiale de l'unité de logement (7) par rapport au côté supérieur de la coque conique partielle (2, 3) opposé à la chambre de turbulences (1).
  17. Brûleur à pré-mélange selon la revendication 15 ou 16, caractérisé en ce que l'unité de logement (7) présente un contour de surface favorable à l'écoulement opposé à la coque conique partielle, grâce auquel un écoulement d'air débouchant dans la fente d'admission d'air correspondante reste presque inchangé.
  18. Brûleur à pré-mélange selon l'une des revendications 1 à 17, caractérisé en ce que le canal creux (8) est relié avec au moins un canal de rinçage (14), dépassant radialement vers l'extérieur à travers la coque conique partielle (2, 3), par l'intermédiaire duquel un gaz de rinçage, de préférence de l'air de refroidissement, peut être introduit dans le canal creux (8).
EP05716640.7A 2004-02-12 2005-02-08 Bruleur a premelange comportant un generateur de tourbillon definissant un espace de tourbillon conique, et une surveillance par capteur Not-in-force EP1714073B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH2112004 2004-02-12
PCT/EP2005/050529 WO2005078341A1 (fr) 2004-02-12 2005-02-08 Bruleur a premelange comportant un generateur de tourbillon definissant un espace de tourbillon conique, et une surveillance par capteur

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1714073A1 EP1714073A1 (fr) 2006-10-25
EP1714073B1 true EP1714073B1 (fr) 2016-08-31

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US (1) US7428817B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1714073B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN100590355C (fr)
CA (1) CA2555153C (fr)
WO (1) WO2005078341A1 (fr)

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EP2097675A1 (fr) * 2007-01-02 2009-09-09 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Dispositif de mesure de pression, brûleur et alimentation en carburant d'une turbine à gaz
EP2028421A1 (fr) 2007-08-21 2009-02-25 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Surveillance de la présence d'une flamme et de la température de la flamme
US8752362B2 (en) * 2009-01-15 2014-06-17 General Electric Company Optical flame holding and flashback detection
US20130040254A1 (en) * 2011-08-08 2013-02-14 General Electric Company System and method for monitoring a combustor
US10649412B2 (en) * 2013-03-15 2020-05-12 Fisher-Rosemount Systems, Inc. Method and apparatus for seamless state transfer between user interface devices in a mobile control room
ITUB20150813A1 (it) * 2015-05-25 2016-11-25 Nuovo Pignone Srl Ugello per carburante di turbina a gas con sensore di ionizzazione di fiamma integrato e motore a turbina a gas
US11774093B2 (en) 2020-04-08 2023-10-03 General Electric Company Burner cooling structures

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GB1503042A (en) * 1974-05-21 1978-03-08 Smiths Industries Ltd Radiation-detecting devices
EP0210462B1 (fr) 1985-07-30 1989-03-15 BBC Brown Boveri AG Chambre de combustion double
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DE4304213A1 (de) * 1993-02-12 1994-08-18 Abb Research Ltd Brenner zum Betrieb einer Brennkraftmaschine, einer Brennkammer einer Gasturbogruppe oder Feuerungsanlage
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DE10050248A1 (de) * 2000-10-11 2002-04-18 Alstom Switzerland Ltd Brenner

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WO2005078341A1 (fr) 2005-08-25
US20070059655A1 (en) 2007-03-15
CN100590355C (zh) 2010-02-17
CN1918430A (zh) 2007-02-21
US7428817B2 (en) 2008-09-30
CA2555153C (fr) 2012-11-13
CA2555153A1 (fr) 2005-08-25
EP1714073A1 (fr) 2006-10-25

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