EP2558709A1 - Bougie d'allumage au laser dotée d'une préchambre - Google Patents

Bougie d'allumage au laser dotée d'une préchambre

Info

Publication number
EP2558709A1
EP2558709A1 EP11710755A EP11710755A EP2558709A1 EP 2558709 A1 EP2558709 A1 EP 2558709A1 EP 11710755 A EP11710755 A EP 11710755A EP 11710755 A EP11710755 A EP 11710755A EP 2558709 A1 EP2558709 A1 EP 2558709A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
spark plug
laser spark
prechamber
cross
overflow
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP11710755A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Werner Herden
Martin Weinrotter
Pascal Woerner
Juergen Raimann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP2558709A1 publication Critical patent/EP2558709A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
    • F02P23/00—Other ignition
    • F02P23/04—Other physical ignition means, e.g. using laser rays
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B19/00—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers
    • F02B19/12—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers with positive ignition
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B19/00—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers
    • F02B19/16—Chamber shapes or constructions not specific to sub-groups F02B19/02 - F02B19/10
    • F02B19/18—Transfer passages between chamber and cylinder
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
    • H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
    • H01S3/0627—Construction or shape of active medium the resonator being monolithic, e.g. microlaser
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
    • H01S3/11—Mode locking; Q-switching; Other giant-pulse techniques, e.g. cavity dumping
    • H01S3/1106—Mode locking
    • H01S3/1112—Passive mode locking
    • H01S3/1115—Passive mode locking using intracavity saturable absorbers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a laser spark plug according to the preamble of claim 1 and an internal combustion engine according to the independent claim.
  • Internal combustion engines which have an air space in a combustion chamber
  • Ignite / fuel mixture by means of an antechamber are known.
  • DE 10 2006 018 973 A1 describes a laser ignition in an antechamber of an internal combustion engine with a centrally arranged laser ignition device. Disclosure of the invention
  • the prechamber of the laser spark plug has at least two overflow channels, which are arranged asymmetrically with respect to their radial distance from a longitudinal axis of the prechamber and / or its axial distance from an end region of the prechamber facing the combustion chamber and / or its orientation and / or its geometry Longitudinal axis of the antechamber.
  • Cylinder or therein formed combustion chamber are arranged. Thereby arise in conventional systems adversely different
  • the lengths of the ignition torches are adapted to the path lengths between the pre-chamber and the wall portions of the combustion chamber by means of a specific configuration of the overflow.
  • the laser spark plug and the prechamber form a structural unit.
  • Prechamber ignition torches can emerge so differently that, despite different path lengths between the laser spark plug and the antechamber and an opposite wall portion of the combustion chamber a
  • Burning is achieved, the tail gas has less time to ignite itself.
  • combustion chamber facing end of the antechamber are arranged.
  • properties of the ignition torches can be adapted to the combustion chamber of the target system advantageously by a respective constructive arrangement of one or more overflow channels in a wall of the prechamber.
  • at least two overflow channels are arranged asymmetrically with respect to their orientation with respect to the longitudinal axis of the prechamber. For example, longitudinal axes of the overflow channels or surface normals of an outer opening of the
  • the ignition torches emerging from the pre-chamber are asymmetrical with respect to the longitudinal axis of the prechamber in different spatial directions of the combustion chamber.
  • unsymmetrically directed ignition torches can be generated and thus the laser spark plug or the pre-chamber can be connected to a present asymmetry of the
  • Combustion chamber or an installation position of the laser spark plug or the antechamber are advantageously adapted.
  • Prechamber arranged and / or formed. So that can
  • Overflow channels are optimized, for example, with respect to their cross-sectional shape or their diameter or their cross-sectional area or a ratio of their axial length and their cross-sectional area.
  • a pulse of a firing torch and, correspondingly, an achievable torch length with a larger cross-sectional area of the transfer port increases.
  • the maximum achievable torch length also depends on a pressure and a temperature in the
  • This relationship can preferably be determined from measured variables or by calculations by means of a combustion process analysis and / or simulations.
  • the invention proposes that a cross section of at least one overflow channel along a longitudinal axis of the overflow channel
  • the cross-sectional shape of one or more transfer passages may be at least partially circular, elliptical or rectangular.
  • the cross-sectional areas of the overflow channels and / or the cross-sectional shapes along the longitudinal axis of the overflow channel can vary almost as desired. If an overflow channel is not straight Having longitudinal axis, can be understood by the "longitudinal axis" a spatially curved line, which by respective focal points of
  • Overflow essentially has the geometry of a cone. This is advantageous in a simple way given a way to influence the manner of a nozzle, a resulting shape of the Zündfackeln.
  • the laser spark plug can be used more versatile if the overflow channels at least partially have mutually different geometries. This makes it particularly easy to tune the shape of the Zündfackeln even better.
  • Sizing of the overflow channels is particularly easy to achieve if a second cross-sectional area Qn of at least one second
  • Overflow channel is determined in dependence on a first
  • Path length Wn starting from the antechamber along a longitudinal axis of the second overflow channel to a second wall portion of a
  • the path lengths W1 and Wn are preferably determined starting from an outer opening of the overflow channel, so that a wall thickness of the pre-chamber is irrelevant for this purpose.
  • the invention proposes that a quotient of the second cross-sectional area Qn and the first cross-sectional area Q1 is substantially proportional to a quotient of the second path length Wn and the first path length W1.
  • This can advantageously be a formula for calculating the Cross-sectional areas of the transfer channels are given, wherein any one of the arranged in the pre-chamber overflow channels with its cross-sectional area Q1 and its path length W1 is a reference for calculating the remaining transfer channels.
  • the cone opens to an outer surface of the antechamber. This is particularly useful if an external opening of the
  • Overflow along the longitudinal axis of the overflow - in installation position of the laser spark plug in the internal combustion engine - closer to a wall surface of the combustion chamber (combustion chamber wall) is arranged, as this is the case on average of the other transfer channels.
  • the emerging from the antechamber ignition torch can be widened, wherein it loses its effect in their exit direction.
  • Inner surface of the antechamber opens. This is particularly useful when an outer opening of the overflow along the longitudinal axis of the Uberströmkanals - in installation position of the laser spark plug in the internal combustion engine - is further away from a wall surface of the combustion chamber (combustion chamber wall), as this is the case on average of the other transfer channels.
  • the emerging from the antechamber ignition torch can be bundled so to speak, where it increases in their discharge direction to effect, thus increasing their length in the direction of propagation.
  • a diameter of the overflow channels of approximately 1.2 mm to approximately 2 mm may be particularly suitable.
  • a ratio of an area of an inner opening of the overflow channel to a surface of an outer opening of the overflow channel is between 1:10 and 10: 1.
  • Cross-section shows that a ratio of the openings is correspondingly between about 1: 3.16 and about 3.16: 1. This is a particularly suitable area for carrying overflow channels with different areas of the inner opening and the outer opening.
  • the invention also takes into account that a longitudinal section of at least one overflow channel can at least partially have parabolic or hyperbolic shapes.
  • a longitudinal section of at least one overflow channel can at least partially have parabolic or hyperbolic shapes.
  • Such geometries can be combined particularly well with conical geometries, that is, in each case fluidically meaningful transitions between these geometries can be carried out for an overflow channel.
  • the prechamber several arranged radially in a circumferential wall in an antechamber wall Overflow has channels which have mutually different cross-sectional areas and / or geometries.
  • overflow channels can be arranged or aligned in all suitable spatial directions of the combustion chamber, wherein in addition, by different cross-sectional areas or geometries, the shapes of the ignition torches can be performed individually.
  • the laser spark plug according to the invention may alternatively have an antechamber which comprises only a single overflow channel.
  • the invention therefore provides that the single overflow channel can be aligned in different directions of the combustion chamber, wherein it is not aligned in particular coaxially to the longitudinal axis of the prechamber. This can be achieved, inter alia, that any dirt particles or oil drops only conditionally from the main combustion chamber in the antechamber, and there in particular a combustion chamber window, get.
  • the only overflow is aligned so that it - in installation position of the laser spark plug in the
  • Wall portion of the combustion chamber has.
  • its geometry can be designed according to the embodiments of the above-described at least two overflow channels.
  • the cross-sectional area and / or the cross-sectional shape along the longitudinal axis of the overflow be different to fill the combustion chamber as evenly as possible with the emerging from the single overflow port ignition torch, the respective path lengths between the outer opening of the overflow and wall sections of the combustion chamber mutatis mutandis to those described above arrangements
  • An important embodiment of the invention relates to an internal combustion engine having at least one laser spark plug, wherein the overflow of the
  • End region of the pre-chamber and / or its orientation and / or its geometry are arranged so that reach out of the overflow ducts igniting flares of the flamed fuel located in the main propagation direction of the respective Zündfackeln wall sections of a combustion chamber substantially simultaneously.
  • this relates to the flame fronts emanating from the ignition flares, which are preferably to reach the wall sections of the combustion chamber at the same time. Due to currents in the
  • Internal combustion engine can be optimized. Likewise, heat losses in the cylinder wall or a tendency to knock the internal combustion engine can be reduced.
  • FIG. 1 shows a laser-based ignition system for an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle with a laser spark plug according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows a combustion chamber-facing end section of another
  • FIG. 3 shows a combustion chamber-facing end section of another
  • FIG. 4 shows a combustion chamber-facing end section of another
  • Figure 5 shows a cross section through an antechamber and a wall of a
  • FIG. 1 shows a laser-based ignition system for an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle.
  • the ignition system includes a pump light source 10 having, for example, a semiconductor diode laser for generating laser radiation for optically pumping a laser device.
  • a pump light source 10 having, for example, a semiconductor diode laser for generating laser radiation for optically pumping a laser device.
  • the laser device 16 can be, for example, a laser-active solid with a passive Q-switching (not shown), with which laser radiation or laser pulses 20 of high power can be generated in a manner known per se.
  • the laser spark plug 14 protrudes in its installed position in the internal combustion engine partly into a combustion chamber 200 formed in a cylinder 201 or into a space region 204 formed therein and has four overflow channels 51, 52, 53 and 54 on its section protruding into the space region 204. These are designed, for example, as holes with different orientations and diameters.
  • the laser spark plug 14 is designed so that it forms an antechamber 50 with its projecting into the combustion chamber 200 in the section.
  • the pre-chamber 50 is thus present no separate item, but is in the
  • Transfer channels do not have to be four as in the present case, but can be almost arbitrary, as will be shown in the following figures.
  • the laser device 16 has focusing optics 18 for focusing the laser pulses 20 on an ignition point ZP lying in the prechamber 50 of the laser spark plug 14.
  • the ignition point ZP is preferably in the ischenren of
  • Prechamber 50 i. not directly in the area of an inner surface of the
  • the ignition point ZP can also be relatively close to the prechamber inner wall or, if appropriate, also directly thereon.
  • Combustion chamber window 22 is disposed between the focusing optics 18 and the prechamber 50.
  • the laser spark plug 14 in the present case is not arranged coaxially along a longitudinal axis 202 of the cylinder 201 or the combustion chamber 200, and is therefore installed asymmetrically in the combustion chamber 200.
  • the section 204a of the combustion chamber 200 located on the left of the prechamber 50 in the drawing of FIG. 1 is thus smaller than the section 204b of the combustion chamber 200 on the right of the prechamber 50.
  • the overflow channels 53 and 54 therefore have a larger cross section than the cross section
  • a further embodiment of the laser spark plug 14 provides that the laser spark plug 14 and the pre-chamber 50 is arranged substantially coaxially to the longitudinal axis 202 of the cylinder 201 and the combustion chamber 200, however, a cavity of the piston facing the combustion chamber 200 asymmetrically in With respect to the longitudinal axis 202 is formed. As a result of the asymmetrical piston recess, this results in a virtual asymmetry of the combustion chamber with respect to the prechamber 50.
  • Laser spark plug 14 provides that the pre-chamber 50 is approximately flush with a
  • FIG. 2 shows a further embodiment of a device according to the invention
  • Laser spark plug 14 which is arranged on a portion of a cylinder head 203, in a relation to the Figure 1 enlarged view.
  • the laser spark plug 14 and the surrounding combustion chamber 200 are only partially shown.
  • the transfer ports 51, 52, 53 and 54 are present as
  • the laser spark plug 14 and also the pre-chamber 50 formed on the laser spark plug 14 and an antechamber wall 62 are substantially
  • overflow channels 51 and 54 have approximately the same cross sections, whereas the cross section of the overflow channel 53 is larger.
  • the overflow channel 52 is designed as a conical opening which opens to the interior of the prechamber 50.
  • FIG. 3 shows an enlarged view of an end region 64 of the prechamber 50 of the laser spark plug 14 in a similar manner to FIG
  • the pre-chamber 50 has two overflow channels 51 and 52, which are each designed conical.
  • the overflow channel 51 opens outward in the direction of the combustion chamber 200, whereas the overflow channel
  • the transfer passage 51 is oriented toward a comparatively close wall portion 200a of the cylinder 201 and the combustion chamber 200 along a path length W1
  • the transfer passage 52 is oriented toward a comparatively remote wall portion 200b of the cylinder 201 and the combustion chamber 200, respectively, along a path length Wn , Out of drawing
  • the path lengths W1 and Wn are not shown to scale in FIG.
  • the wall portions 200a and 200b are shown only schematically, it being understood that the wall portions 200a and 200b need not necessarily have the arbitrarily chosen orientation in the drawing.
  • FIG. 4 shows a selection of variants of overflow channels.
  • Laser spark plug 14 and the cylinder head 203 are shown only partially in the drawing.
  • the illustrated arrangement of the overflow channels 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56 and 57 together with their longitudinal axes 51 a, 52 a, 53 a, 54 a, 55 a, 56 a and 57 a represents a variety of possibilities, wherein the drawn in the figure 4 combinations are only exemplary and need not necessarily be useful in the arrangement shown.
  • the overflow channel 52 has a cross-sectional area Q1 and the
  • Overflow channels 53, 54, 56 and 57 have partly deviating cross-sectional areas Qn.
  • the overflow channel 52 serves, for example, as a reference for the dimensioning of the cross sections Qn of the overflow channels 53, 54, 56 and 57, corresponding to one of the following formulas:
  • overflow channels 51 and 52 have a different radial distance R1 to the longitudinal axis 60 of the laser spark plug 14 than the
  • Overflow 54 which has a radial distance R2.
  • the overflow 52 has a different axial distance A1 to the
  • the overflow channel 53 is aligned with the longitudinal axis 60 at an angle Alfa, and the overflow channel 54 with a slightly smaller angle beta.
  • the transfer passages 51 and 55 are tapered, similar to the example shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 5 shows an axial cross section through an antechamber 50 and through a wall of the cylinder 201.
  • the sectional plane is selected such that four overflow channels 51 to 54 are cut axially in the middle and thus visible.
  • the associated four longitudinal axes 51 a to 54 a are shown in addition.
  • a representation comparable to that shown in FIG. 5 also results when using a piston trough of asymmetrical design with respect to the longitudinal axis 202. However, this is not explained in detail here.
  • the overflow channels 51 to 54 are not distributed uniformly along a circumference of the pre-chamber wall 62.
  • the overflow channel 54 is aligned with its outer opening 59 a on a portion 204 a of the combustion chamber 200, and the transfer ports 51 to 53 are aligned with its outer opening 59 a on a portion 204 b of the combustion chamber 200.
  • Reference numeral 59a is explained in more detail in FIG.
  • the uneven distribution of the transfer passages 51 to 54 can improve the burn-through of the fuel in the combustion chamber 200 by essentially igniting the smaller portion 204a from one transfer passage 54 and the larger portion 204b from substantially three transfer passages 51 to 53. It can also be concluded from this that a cross-sectional area of the overflow channel 54 is to be dimensioned smaller than the respective ones
  • Overflow channels 51 to 57 given in the axial sectional plane. It goes without saying that the examples presented in FIGS. 1 to 5 can also advantageously be combined with one another.
  • the statements presented therein presuppose that the laser spark plug 14 must be installed in the combustion chamber 200 or cylinder 201 in a directed manner, if it is to act optimally.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Ignition Installations For Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une bougie d'allumage au laser (14) dotée d'une préchambre (50), la bougie d'allumage au laser (14) étant conçue pour injecter un rayonnement laser dans la préchambre (50), la préchambre (50) comprenant au moins deux canaux de décharge (51 à 57) réalisant une liaison fluidique entre la préchambre (50) et une zone spatiale (204) entourant la préchambre (50). Les deux canaux de décharge (51 à 57) ou plus, en ce qui concerne leur écart radial (R1, R2) par rapport un axe longitudinal (60) de la préchambre (50) et/ou leur écart axial (A1, A2) par rapport à une zone d'extrémité (64) de la préchambre (50) tournée vers la chambre de combustion et/ou leur orientation et/ou leur géométrie, étant disposés de manière asymétrique par rapport à l'axe longitudinal (60) de la préchambre (50).
EP11710755A 2010-04-13 2011-03-23 Bougie d'allumage au laser dotée d'une préchambre Withdrawn EP2558709A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102010003899A DE102010003899A1 (de) 2010-04-13 2010-04-13 Laserzündkerze mit einer Vorkammer
PCT/EP2011/054404 WO2011128190A1 (fr) 2010-04-13 2011-03-23 Bougie d'allumage au laser dotée d'une préchambre

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2558709A1 true EP2558709A1 (fr) 2013-02-20

Family

ID=44121725

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP11710755A Withdrawn EP2558709A1 (fr) 2010-04-13 2011-03-23 Bougie d'allumage au laser dotée d'une préchambre

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US8701613B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2558709A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102010003899A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2011128190A1 (fr)

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DE102010003899A1 (de) 2011-10-13
WO2011128190A1 (fr) 2011-10-20
US8701613B2 (en) 2014-04-22
US20130199483A1 (en) 2013-08-08

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