EP2577043B1 - Allumage induit par laser pour un moteur a combustion interne - Google Patents

Allumage induit par laser pour un moteur a combustion interne Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2577043B1
EP2577043B1 EP11712802.5A EP11712802A EP2577043B1 EP 2577043 B1 EP2577043 B1 EP 2577043B1 EP 11712802 A EP11712802 A EP 11712802A EP 2577043 B1 EP2577043 B1 EP 2577043B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
combustion chamber
diaphragm
laser
section
spark plug
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
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EP11712802.5A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2577043A1 (fr
Inventor
Martin Weinrotter
Pascal Woerner
Juergen Raimann
Joerg Engelhardt
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Publication of EP2577043A1 publication Critical patent/EP2577043A1/fr
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
    • F02P23/00—Other ignition
    • F02P23/04—Other physical ignition means, e.g. using laser rays
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
    • F02P13/00—Sparking plugs structurally combined with other parts of internal-combustion engines

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a laser spark plug according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a device for igniting an internal combustion engine which comprises an ignition laser.
  • the ignition laser has at its combustion chamber end a combustion chamber window which is transmissive to the laser pulses emitted by the ignition laser.
  • the combustion chamber window must withstand the high pressures and temperatures prevailing in the combustion chamber and seal the interior of the ignition laser against the combustion chamber.
  • high surface temperatures and pressures as well as soiling for example in the form of oil ash deposits, particles, etc., can occur on the surface of the combustion chamber window facing the combustion chamber. See also EP 2 072 803 A2 ,
  • the present invention has the advantage of making the operation of the laser spark plug more reliable.
  • measures are taken according to the invention to reduce deposits on the combustion chamber window.
  • the invention provides that a laser spark plug for an internal combustion engine at least one means for guiding, shaping and / or generating laser radiation and a combustion chamber window and a housing, wherein the housing on the opposite side of the center of the combustion chamber window, in particular at a combustion chamber end of the housing, a diaphragm for the passage through the means guided, shaped and / or generated laser radiation in a combustion chamber.
  • the diaphragm affects the conditions to which the combustion chamber window is exposed, so that the formation of deposits on the combustion chamber window is reduced and the reliability of the laser spark plug is improved overall.
  • the means for guiding, shaping and / or for generating laser radiation may be, on the one hand, a solid-state laser, for example a passively Q-switched solid state laser, which is monolithic, for example.
  • Devices for the optical excitation of the solid-state laser in particular semiconductor lasers, may be included in the laser spark plug.
  • the means for guiding, shaping and / or generating laser radiation may be an optical window or an optical fiber, through which radiation serving for the optical excitation of the solid-state laser can enter the laser spark plug.
  • the arrangement of one or more solid-state lasers, in particular of Q-switched or mode-locked solid-state lasers, which is spaced apart from the laser spark plug, is also possible.
  • the emission of the laser spark plug can be supplied for example in an optical fiber, the laser spark plug itself does not laser active element, but only jet-guiding and / or jet-forming means, in particular lenses and / or mirrors includes.
  • the mountability of the laser spark plug to an internal combustion engine is ensured in particular by the housing.
  • known fastening means may be provided, such as threads encompassed by the housing and / or sealing and / or abutment surfaces encompassed by the housing, which may interact with further clamping means, for example with clamping claws.
  • the housing is also particularly the task of mechanically fixing at least one means for guiding, shaping and / or for generating laser radiation and the combustion chamber window.
  • the combustion chamber window is a transparent, consisting of at least one permanently heat and radiation resistant solid, such as a glass or crystal, for example sapphire, existing component. These are, in particular, the component of the laser spark plug which is the last in the radiation direction mentioned type, so that the combustion chamber facing surface of the combustion chamber window communicates with the combustion chamber.
  • the housing has its the means for guiding, shaping and / or for generating laser radiation opposite side of the combustion chamber window, ie in particular on the combustion chamber side facing the combustion chamber window, a diaphragm.
  • the combustion chamber window is thus arranged in particular between the means for guiding, shaping and / or for generating laser radiation and the diaphragm.
  • the diaphragm forms a combustion chamber-side end portion of the housing.
  • the diaphragm in one piece with the housing of the laser spark plug and / or of the same material as the housing.
  • the panel is designed as a separate component and attached to a further part of the housing, for example, welded or screwed.
  • further components of the laser spark plug such as purged and / or unsprayed prechambers, are arranged on the combustion chamber side of the diaphragm.
  • the diaphragm is in particular a passage, in particular exactly one passage, exhibiting structure.
  • the combustion chamber facing the side of the combustion chamber window communicates with the combustion chamber and / or with one of the diaphragm upstream antechamber of the laser spark plug, in particular exclusively, through the one passage of the diaphragm.
  • the passage is bounded radially to the direction of radiation by the inner contour of the diaphragm.
  • the passage is moreover provided for the passage of the laser radiation guided through the means, shaped and / or generated into a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine, into an antechamber of the combustion chamber and / or into an antechamber of the laser spark plug arranged upstream of the diaphragm.
  • the invention is based on the idea that by the provision of a diaphragm, or by a suitable design of such a diaphragm, a protection of the combustion chamber window is possible, in particular protection of the combustion chamber window prevailing in a combustion chamber conditions, especially at high temperatures, high flow velocities and Media like oil ash etc.
  • the inventively provided aperture on the one hand reduces the amount of precipitating on the combustion chamber window pollution in the form of particles, oil pockets, etc.
  • the impulse with which, for example, the particles impinge on the surface of the combustion chamber window is reduced.
  • Both effects provide in each case that deposits on the combustion chamber window are significantly reduced and the few deposits adhere less firmly to the combustion chamber window.
  • the laser ignition device according to the invention is more reliable.
  • Another effect of the shutter is that the temperature of the combustion chamber window is lowered. Due to the reduced temperature, a chemical reaction of the deposits or a chemical reaction of the combustion chamber window with the deposits, as it were a burn-in of the deposits and thus a permanent damage to the combustion chamber window, avoided.
  • Remaining deposits thus adhere less firmly to the combustion chamber window and can be easily cleaned.
  • a reduction in the pressure applied to the combustion chamber window, or the pressure change rates taking place there, can also be effected by means of an aperture according to the invention, from which reliability increases can also result.
  • the length of the aperture is to be understood as meaning, in particular, the length of the passage of the aperture in the jet direction.
  • a longitudinal axis of the laser spark plug or a direction perpendicular to the surface of the combustion chamber window facing the combustion chamber can also be used.
  • the length of the passage is further measured between the opening facing the combustion chamber (also: outlet opening) and the opening facing away from the combustion chamber (also: inlet opening) of the diaphragm.
  • the targeted choice of the length of the diaphragm is provided in a laser spark plug for an internal combustion engine, comprising at least one means for guiding, shaping and / or generating laser radiation, further comprising a combustion chamber window and a housing, wherein the housing on the side opposite the center of the combustion chamber window, in particular at a combustion chamber-side end of the housing, a diaphragm for the passage of the guided through the means, molded and / or generated Laser radiation into a combustion chamber, the diaphragm, in particular a material of the diaphragm targeted to be selected so that it has a high thermal conductivity.
  • the material of the panel should also have a high wear resistance, in particular heat resistance, as can be achieved, for example, by high-alloy steels.
  • the material of the entire aperture can be uniform with that of the entire housing and have a high thermal conductivity. But it is also possible to form only the entire diaphragm of a material having a high thermal conductivity, while other components of the housing have a different, in particular lower, thermal conductivity. It is also possible, only parts of the diaphragm, for example, based on mass and / or volume predominant parts of the diaphragm and / or inside, as it were designed as "souls" formed parts of the diaphragm, from a material with a high thermal conductivity, while other parts of the diaphragm have a different, in particular lower, thermal conductivity. With such an arrangement is advantageously the setting of the desired heat conduction with high wear resistance achievable.
  • diaphragm has a material with a thermal conductivity of 60 W / (m * K) or more, in particular consists of such a material in whole or in sections .
  • diaphragms which comprise a material with a thermal conductivity of 80 W / (m * K) or more or 120 W / (m * K) or more, in particular consisting of such a material.
  • brass and nickel and copper and alloys of brass and nickel as well as copper alloys come into consideration, for internal, as it were designed as "souls", parts of the aperture especially copper.
  • a laser spark plug for an internal combustion engine comprising at least one means for guiding, shaping and / or generating laser radiation, further comprising a combustion chamber window and a housing, wherein the housing on the means opposite side of the combustion chamber window, in particular at a combustion chamber end of the housing, a diaphragm for the passage of the guided, guided and / or generated laser radiation in a combustion chamber, to provide at least one cooling channel in the interior of the aperture.
  • the cooling channel is provided in particular for the flow through with a cooling medium, for example a cooling liquid.
  • the provision of several cooling channels and / or one Cooling channel diameter of 1 mm 2 or more and / or 5 mm 2 or less is preferred.
  • Such a cooling channel is in itself already suitable for reducing the temperature of the combustion chamber window.
  • the heat from the aperture can be particularly well supplied to the cooling channel and thus dissipate from the aperture.
  • Both the specific choice of the length of the aperture, as well as the specific choice of material and / or the provision of cooling channels are suitable alone, but especially in cooperation, to effect the reduction of the temperature of the combustion chamber window, in particular combinations of a specified, the length the feature concerned with a given, the heat conduction of the panel relevant feature in terms of the prevention of deposits on the combustion chamber window and thus in terms of the reliability of the laser spark plug are advantageous.
  • the reduction in the temperature of sealing points arranged in the region of the combustion chamber window also improves the reliability of the laser spark plug.
  • a laser spark plug for an internal combustion engine comprising at least one means for guiding, shaping and / or Generation of laser radiation, further comprising a combustion chamber window and a housing, wherein the housing on the opposite side of the center of the combustion chamber window, in particular at a combustion chamber end of the housing, a diaphragm for the passage of the guided, guided and / or generated laser radiation by the means in a Has combustion chamber, the combustion chamber window on the combustion chamber side upstream of a communicating with the interior of the aperture gap is provided, the height is deliberately selected low.
  • a gap is to be understood as meaning, in particular, a spatial region which is bounded axially on both sides, in particular on one side by the combustion chamber window and the diaphragm, and radially on the outside, in particular by the housing, and communicates with the interior of the diaphragm via its radial inner side.
  • the gap is thus formed between the diaphragm and the combustion chamber window. Under the height of the gap, in particular, the distance between the gap axially limiting surfaces to understand. In the case of irregular geometries, it must be determined whether an axial limitation of the gap is predominantly given.
  • this embodiment of the invention is based on the finding that the temperature of a hot plug penetrating into the gap according to the invention is hot Gas, especially a burning gas, greatly reduces. As a result, there is a so-called quenching, accompanied by an extinction of the burning gas and a soot formation within the gap.
  • this embodiment of the invention is also based on the finding that the soot formed in this way also deposits on the side of the combustion chamber window facing the combustion chamber, but can be reliably ablated by laser radiation with intensities which usually occur in the region of the combustion chamber window. so that, in sum, the formation of soot occurring in the gap only results in a moderate impairment of the transparency of the combustion chamber window.
  • the total resulting avoidance of deposits on the combustion chamber window occurs for gap heights which are not more than 1 mm, not more than 0.5 mm, not more than 0.3 mm or not more than 0.1 mm.
  • the lower limit for the height of the gap is 0.05 mm and 0.08 mm. In too flat columns, not enough soot can be formed. It is also advantageous to directly advance the gap to the combustion chamber window and / or to choose the base area of the gap to be ring-shaped or sickle-shaped.
  • the surface area of the base area of the gap (hereinafter referred to as "gap cross-section") is preferably chosen to be sufficiently large so that the amount of the penetrating gas is sufficient for adequate soot formation. It is increasingly advantageous in this case if a region upstream of the gap on the combustion chamber side has an inlet cross section of the diaphragm and the gap cross section is at least 10% of the inlet cross section, at least 30% of the inlet cross section or at least 50% of the inlet cross section or at least twice as large as the inlet cross section or at least four times as large as the inlet cross section. As upper limits are gap cross sections into consideration, which are 25 times as large as the inlet cross section, in particular 10 times as large as the inlet cross section, since the laser spark plug would otherwise be excessively large.
  • soot formation, landfilling and ablation is particularly advantageous in the use of laser spark plugs in internal combustion engines whose lubrication of additized oils, in particular higher-oil oils, use, as in particular in the combustion of such oils oil pockets arise in other ways are difficult to remove.
  • a laser spark plug for an internal combustion engine comprising at least one means for guiding, shaping and / or generating laser radiation, further comprising a combustion chamber window and a housing, wherein the housing on the opposite side of the center of the combustion chamber window, in particular on a combustion chamber-side end of the housing, a diaphragm for the passage of the guided through the means, shaped and / or generated laser radiation in a combustion chamber, the combustion chamber window on the combustion chamber side upstream a communicating with the interior of the diaphragm gap is provided to selectively select the height of the gap so that soot formation is completely or at least largely avoided.
  • the height of the gap not less than 0.3 mm, in particular not less than 1 mm. It is particularly safe to avoid soot formation if the gap is even higher, for example at least 2 mm or at least 3 mm high.
  • the provision of a small gap cross-section compared to the inlet cross-section of the aperture is also favorable; in particular, it is advantageous that the gap cross-section is at most 100%, in particular at most 40%, preferably at most 20% of the inlet cross-section of the aperture.
  • a laser spark plug for an internal combustion engine comprising at least one means for guiding, shaping and / or for generating laser radiation, further comprising a combustion chamber window and a housing, wherein the housing on the opposite side of the center of the combustion chamber window, in particular at a combustion chamber end of the housing, a diaphragm for the passage of the guided, guided and / or generated laser radiation in a combustion chamber, the diaphragm on its from the side facing away from the combustion chamber window has a small opening cross section (also: "outlet cross section").
  • the outlet cross section of the diaphragm is in particular the open combustion chamber-side cross section of the passage of the diaphragm.
  • passages having an irregularly shaped outlet opening in particular, it should be made clear with regard to the outlet cross-section whether there is predominantly lateral shielding of the section which may be considered as the passage.
  • the smallness of the outlet cross-section of the diaphragm results in the advantageous effect that the combustion chamber window undergoes shielding from the conditions prevailing in the combustion chamber, in particular from high temperature, from rapid pressure fluctuations, from high flow velocity and / or from particles of oil pockets, soot and the like , Thus, deposits on the combustion chamber window can be avoided and the reliability of the laser spark plug can be increased.
  • This effect occurs when the outlet cross section is 78 mm 2 or less, in particular 19 mm 2 or less.
  • Increasingly particularly good results are achieved with outlet cross sections which are 7 mm 2 or less, in particular 2 mm 2 or less.
  • the lower limit is 0.05 mm 2 , 0.4 mm 2 and 1 mm 2 into consideration. With even smaller exit diameters, the passage of the laser radiation through the diaphragm may no longer be ensured with sufficient certainty.
  • the specific choice of the length of the aperture, the targeted choice of material and / or the provision of cooling channels are each already alone or in combinations with each other already suitable to reduce the temperature of the combustion chamber window, so that a "burning" of pollution on the combustion chamber window is reduced and thus the Reliability of the laser spark plug is increased.
  • a combustion chamber window upstream of the combustion chamber side gap By the provision of a combustion chamber window upstream of the combustion chamber side gap, a similar effect can be achieved in the manner described above. If these measures combined with the provision of a small outlet cross-section of the aperture, the overall effect on the effect that on the one hand less particles to the combustion chamber window On the other hand, however, the combustion chamber window is also more resistant to contamination by these remaining particles. The reliability of the laser spark plug can be significantly increased in this way.
  • a laser spark plug for an internal combustion engine comprises at least one means for guiding, shaping and / or generating laser radiation and a combustion chamber window and housing, the housing being on the opposite side of the center Side of the combustion chamber window, in particular at a combustion chamber end of the housing, an aperture, in particular a cylindrical aperture, for the passage of the guided through the means, shaped and / or generated laser radiation in a combustion chamber in which the length of the stop is L and the exit area of the stop Q is BA , where 1 ⁇ L / (4Q BA / ⁇ ) 1/2 ⁇ 10.
  • diaphragms with a relatively large opening cross-section can still have a sufficient shielding effect, provided that the diaphragm has a large length.
  • the specified technical effect occurs when 2 ⁇ L / (4Q BA / ⁇ ) 1/2 and / or U (4Q BA / ⁇ ) 1/2 ⁇ 7, in particular U (4Q BA / ⁇ ) 1/2 ⁇ 6, is.
  • the size (4Q BA / ⁇ ) 1/2 represents the exit diameter of the diaphragm.
  • the invention is additionally or alternatively to the targeted choice of the length of the diaphragm and additionally or alternatively to the provision of high thermal conductivity of the diaphragm and additionally or alternatively to the provision of the combustion chamber window combustion chamber side upstream, with the interior of the diaphragm communicating gap, whose height is deliberately selected low, and additionally or alternatively to Provse a small outlet cross-section of the diaphragm provided that in a laser spark plug for an internal combustion engine, comprising at least one means for guiding, shaping and / or for generating laser radiation, further comprising Combustor window and a housing, wherein the housing on the opposite side of the center of the combustion chamber window, in particular at a combustion chamber end of the housing, a diaphragm for the passage of the guided, guided and / or generated laser radiation in the combustion chamber in a combustion chamber, the inner contour of the diaphragm in an area which is spaced both from the combustion chamber facing the end of the diaphragm and from the combustion chamber
  • an edge of the inner contour of the diaphragm is to be understood as meaning, in particular, a geometric object, in particular a line, against which different areas of the inner contour of the diaphragm meet at an angle different from zero.
  • a region of the inner contour of the diaphragm which is spaced both from the end of the diaphragm facing the combustion chamber and from the end of the diaphragm facing away from the combustion chamber is to be understood as meaning a central region of the inner contour of the diaphragm, in particular an area which, with respect to the longitudinal extent the aperture is centered.
  • a region is in the center of the longitudinal extent of the diaphragm, in particular when it is arranged between a front fifth and a rear fifth of the diaphragm, in particular between a front quarter and a rear quarter of the diaphragm, or is arranged in a central third of the diaphragm ,
  • An inner contour which has an edge in a region is to be understood as meaning that at least parts of the edge are arranged in this region, wherein it is also possible for the edge to be arranged in but also outside this region. As an advantageous special case can always be provided that the edge is completely in the area.
  • an edge of the type described represents a starting point for a disturbance of the flow of gases into the diaphragm or the flow in the diaphragm.
  • turbulence of the gas flowing into the orifice or of the gas flowing in the orifice can occur.
  • the interaction of the gas flowing into the orifice with the inner contour of the orifice is increased and, as a result of this increased interaction, the inclination of particles contained in the gas to accumulate within the orifice and especially at the edges and not to penetrate to the combustion chamber window.
  • the edge is almost the effect of a particle trap. There is thus a reduction of the deposits on the combustion chamber window and increased reliability of the laser spark plug.
  • a plurality of edges are two or more edges, in particular more than two edges. Particularly effective is the arrangement of an edge or a plurality of edges, if it faces the combustion chamber solid at least along parts of the edge and / or the combustion chamber window unobstructed, ie without parts of the diaphragm between the parts of the edge and the parts of the combustion chamber windows are arranged ,
  • the edge is particularly suitable for introducing a disturbance or turbulence into the parts of the flow entering the orifice or of the flow in the orifice, which are directed predominantly toward the combustion chamber window.
  • a particularly advantageous arrangement of the edge or the plurality of edges is such that it comes to the formation of steps by the arrangement of the edge or by the arrangement of the plurality of edges and / or that the inner contour of the aperture at least partially in the direction of the combustion chamber facing end gradually tapered.
  • at least two, in particular at least three, preferably at least four stages may be provided.
  • at least one further stage, in particular a plurality of further stages can be provided, at which the panel tapers in the direction of its end facing away from the combustion chamber.
  • a step of the inner contour is understood in particular to mean an arrangement of at least three partial surfaces of the inner contour, one of the partial surfaces being arranged in the longitudinal direction of the inner contour between the two other partial surfaces and the radial inclination of the one partial surface being related to the radial inclinations of all three partial surfaces extremal is.
  • the partial surfaces may in particular have an annular shape, but other geometries are possible in principle.
  • the steps are formed almost at right angles (88 ° -92 °), in particular at right angles, ie in particular, the two partial surfaces extend parallel to a longitudinal axis of the laser spark plug, while one partial surface is oriented perpendicular thereto.
  • a plurality of such stages for example, more than three or more than seven may be provided.
  • stages that consist of surfaces that are always or partially obtuse angles or always or partially in acute angles, but here preferably not in angles more acute than 25 °, collide, are conceivable and advantageous in each case in different ways. Combinations of stages of the mentioned types are in principle possible in a diaphragm.
  • outlet cross-sections of 78 mm 2 or less in particular 19 mm 2 or less, preferably 7 mm 2 or less, particularly preferably 2 mm 2 or less, these outlet diameter can each advantageously be combined with a stepped inner contour of the diaphragm, in particular with a step-shaped inner contour of the diaphragm, which has a plurality of steps, in particular of rectangular steps, in particular steps, on which the cross-sectional area of the diaphragm respectively in the direction of the combustion chamber facing the end of the inner contour of the diaphragm to the combustion chamber facing away from the end of the inner contour the aperture increases by at least 10%, in particular by at least 35%.
  • the specific choice of the length of the aperture, the targeted choice of material and / or the provision of cooling channels are each alone or in combination with each other already suitable to reduce the temperature of the combustion chamber window, so that a "burning" of particles on the combustion chamber window reduces deposits and reduces thus the reliability of the laser spark plug is increased.
  • the provision of a combustion chamber fixed to the combustion chamber side upstream gap can achieve a similar effect. If these measures combined with the provision of at least one edge in an area which is spaced both from the end of the diaphragm facing the combustion chamber and from the end of the diaphragm facing away from the combustion chamber, the overall effect is that on the one hand fewer particles on the other hand, the combustion chamber window is also more resistant to contamination by these few particles.
  • the reliability of the laser spark plug can be significantly increased in this way.
  • a laser spark plug for an internal combustion engine comprising at least one means for guiding, shaping and / or for generating laser radiation, further comprising a combustion chamber window and a housing, wherein the housing on the side opposite the center of the combustion chamber window, in particular at a combustion chamber end of the housing, a diaphragm for the passage of the guided through the means, molded and / or generated laser radiation in a combustion chamber, wherein the diaphragm has an
  • An extreme cross-section of the inner contour of a diaphragm is to be understood in particular as a cross-section which, with respect to its surface area and with respect to the longitudinal direction of the laser spark plug, represents a local maximum, that is to say in particular, decreases in both longitudinal directions, or represents a local minimum, that is to say in particular enlarged in both longitudinal directions.
  • the extreme cross-section of the diaphragm in a region which is spaced both from the end of the diaphragm facing the combustion chamber and from the end of the diaphragm facing away from the combustion chamber can be expressed in particular in that there is a cross section of the diaphragm which is larger than the diaphragm Inlet cross-section of the aperture and is greater than the outlet cross-section of the aperture, or that there is a cross-section of the aperture, which is smaller than the inlet cross-section of the aperture and smaller than the outlet cross-section of the aperture.
  • the extremal cross section is a cross section lying in a plane parallel to a plane in which the exit cross section of the diaphragm lies and / or which lies in a plane parallel to a plane in which the inlet cross-section of the diaphragm lies and / or which is parallel to a plane in which the surface of the combustion chamber window facing the combustion chamber lies and / or which is oriented perpendicular to a longitudinal axis of the laser spark plug.
  • the technical effect of the measure that the inner contour of the diaphragm in an area which is spaced from both the combustion chamber facing the end of the aperture and the combustion chamber facing away from the end of the aperture, has an extreme cross section, is that the area extremalen Cross-section represents a starting point for a disturbance of the influx of gases into the diaphragm or a disturbance of the flow in the diaphragm.
  • the area extremalen Cross-section represents a starting point for a disturbance of the influx of gases into the diaphragm or a disturbance of the flow in the diaphragm.
  • turbulence of the exhaust gas flowing into the diaphragm or the flow in the diaphragm can occur.
  • Aperture has an inlet cross section at its end facing the combustion chamber and at its end facing the combustion chamber has an outlet cross section and that the extremal cross section either at least 10%, in particular at least 20%, preferably at least 30%, smaller than the inlet cross section and at least 10%, in particular at least 20%, preferably at least 30%, is smaller than the outlet cross section or at least 10%, in particular at least 20%, preferably at least 30%, greater than inlet cross section and at least 10%, in particular at least 20%, preferably at least 30%, greater than the outlet cross-section is.
  • an advantageous form of the inner contour of the diaphragm provides that the inner contour of the diaphragm has two sections, each having a frusto-conical shape, in particular in the form of a straight circular truncated cone, these two portions are preferably immediately adjacent, ie each with its larger or each adjacent to each other with their smaller face and thus form as it were a Doppelkegelstumpf. At the point where the truncated cones adjoin one another thus forms an edge which extends either along a constriction or along a bulge of the inner contour of the panel.
  • a laser spark plug for an internal combustion engine comprising at least one means for guiding, shaping and / or for generating laser radiation, further comprising a combustion chamber window and a housing, the housing on the Middle opposite side of the combustion chamber window, in particular at a combustion chamber end of the housing, a diaphragm for the passage of the guided, guided and / or generated laser radiation in the combustion chamber, to deviate from a rotationally symmetrical shape of the inner contour of the diaphragm.
  • Such asymmetries have the effect that there is an increased interaction of the inflowing into the aperture exhaust gas with the inner contour of the diaphragm and as a result of this increased interaction and the tendency of particles contained in the exhaust gas to accumulate within the diaphragm and does not penetrate to the combustion chamber window is.
  • the deposits on the combustion chamber window are thus reduced and the reliability of the laser spark plug is increased.
  • Special inner contours with a non-rotationally symmetrical shape have at least one recess, in particular a multiplicity of recesses, which are spaced in particular both from the end of the diaphragm facing the combustion chamber and from the end of the diaphragm facing away from the combustion chamber.
  • bulge in particular a plurality of bulges, which are spaced in particular both from the combustion chamber facing the end of the diaphragm and from the combustion chamber remote from the end of the diaphragm are advantageous because the recess and / or the bulge a starting point for a disturbance Influence of exhaust gases in the aperture represent.
  • turbulence of the gas flowing into the orifice may occur.
  • the bulge and / or the recess is located in a region of the diaphragm which is spaced both from the end of the diaphragm facing the combustion chamber and from the end of the diaphragm facing away from the combustion chamber and which has an extreme cross-section.
  • the provision of other inner contours of the diaphragm, in particular those which are optimized in terms of flow, for example, not sharp-edged, but rounded and / or completely or partially formed as a Laval nozzle is conceivable in principle.
  • the overall effect is that fewer particles are applied to the combustion chamber window
  • the combustion chamber window is also more resistant to contamination by these remaining particles. The life of the laser spark plug can be significantly increased in this way.
  • a laser spark plug for an internal combustion engine comprising at least one guide means, Forming and / or for generating laser radiation, further comprising a combustion chamber window and a housing, wherein the housing on the side opposite the center of the combustion chamber window, in particular at a combustion chamber end of the G enzouses, a panel for the passage of the guided, shaped and / or generated by the means Laser radiation has in a combustion chamber, the laser spark plug at least one focusing means for determining
  • the at least one focusing means may be a focusing optics, for example one or more lenses and / or one or more mirrors, in particular one or more mirrors each having a curved surface.
  • the design of the combustion chamber window and / or the formation of the means for guiding, shaping and / or for the generation of laser radiation as a focusing element is additionally or alternatively possible.
  • the provision of the at least one focusing means basically defines a beam shape of the laser radiation passing through the diaphragm.
  • the beam shape of the laser radiation passing through the diaphragm depends on a further operating parameter of the laser spark plug, for example a current or a temperature
  • the beam shape determined by the focusing means is to be understood as the beam shape provided by the laser spark plug, when the operating parameter assumes a value intended for the operation of the laser spark plug.
  • the beam shape of the laser radiation, in particular the beam position, beam dimensions and distances between the beam and the diaphragm are understood to be in accordance with and / or in the context of the standard DIN EN ISO 11145.
  • the provision that the distance between the diaphragm and laser radiation does not exceed a maximum distance, at least along predominant parts of the inner contour of the diaphragm, is based on the one hand knowledge that it to achieve a combustion chamber window shielding effect and to reduce deposits on the combustion chamber window along predominant parts of the inner contour the aperture, in particular along the entire inner contour of the aperture is conducive when the passage of the aperture is designed as narrow as possible.
  • this requirement is contrary to the fact that the largest possible proportion of guided through the means for guiding, shaping and / or for generating laser radiation, shaped and / or generated laser radiation should pass through the aperture, so the aperture must not be too narrow, in particular , as also manufacturing tolerances are to be considered.
  • a good compromise between these two requirements is already given if a distance between the diaphragm and laser radiation is given along predominant parts of the inner contour of the diaphragm, but this is not a maximum distance of 4 mm exceeds. Even better compromises provide that the maximum distance along predominant parts of the inner contour of the diaphragm 2 mm, in particular 1 mm, preferably 0.55 mm, and / or that a minimum distance along the major parts of the inner contour of the diaphragm is not exceeded, this Minimum distance is advantageously 0.1 mm, 0.25 mm or 0.45 mm.
  • the predominant parts of the inner contour of the diaphragm may comprise 70% of the surface of the inner contour or more, 90% of the surface of the inner contour or more or even the entire inner contour.
  • the beam shape of the laser radiation in particular the beam divergence angle, beam position, beam dimensions and distances between beam and diaphragm are understood according to and / or against the background of the standard DIN EN ISO 11145. With regard to the design and the effect of the focusing agent, the above applies.
  • the inner contour of the diaphragm has the shape of the lateral surface of a straight circular truncated cone, wherein the straight circular truncated cone has the opening angle ⁇ , where 0 ⁇ ⁇ - ⁇ ⁇ 30 °, in particular 0 ⁇ - ⁇ ⁇ 30 °.
  • the opening angle ⁇ 90 ° or less in particular 70 ° or less, preferably 60 ° or less, and / or that the opening angle ⁇ is 3 ° or more, in particular 10 ° or more, and or 5 ° ⁇ ⁇ - ⁇ , in particular 13 ° ⁇ ⁇ - ⁇ and / or that ⁇ - ⁇ ⁇ 20 °, in particular ⁇ - ⁇ ⁇ 15 °.
  • measures for guiding the flow in a region upstream of the diaphragm and / or in the region of the diaphragm and / or in a region of the outlet opening of the diaphragm and / or in the diaphragm relate to measures for guiding the flow in a region upstream of the diaphragm and / or in the region of the diaphragm and / or in a region of the outlet opening of the diaphragm and / or in the diaphragm.
  • these measures may relate to an antechamber encompassed by the laser spark plug, in particular arranged at the combustion chamber end of the housing, in particular the targeted arrangement of at least one overflow channel which permits fluid communication between an interior of the prechamber and a combustion chamber surrounding the prechamber.
  • measures for influencing the flow in the areas mentioned can also be provided in devices not covered by the laser spark plug, for example by designing the shape of the combustion chamber or the piston associated with the combustion chamber or other components of the internal combustion engine.
  • a laser spark plug for an internal combustion engine comprising at least one means for guiding, shaping and / or generating laser radiation, further comprising a combustion chamber window and a housing, wherein the housing on the means opposite side of the combustion chamber window a Aperture for the passage of the guided through the means, shaped and / or generated laser radiation in an arranged at the combustion chamber end of the housing antechamber, at least one fluid communication between an interior of the pre-chamber and the combustion chamber surrounding a combustion chamber enabling overflow channel is provided that the at least an overflow channel is arranged and designed such that a desired fluid flow results when a fluid flows in through the overflow channel into the interior of the prechamber.
  • the at least one overflow channel has a cross section which is not larger, in particular smaller than the outlet cross section of the panel and / or is not larger, in particular smaller than a minimum cross section of the panel. Additionally or alternatively it can be provided that the at least one overflow channel has a cross-section Q Ü , which is not larger, in particular smaller, than a maximum cross-section, the maximum cross-section 10 mm 2 , 6 mm 2 , 4 mm 2 , 2 mm 2 or 1 mm 2 can be.
  • the direction of the fluid flowing into the prechamber can be influenced in a particularly targeted manner.
  • the length of the at least one overflow channel L Ü is high in comparison to a cross section Q Ü of the at least one overflow channel, in particular according to L Ü > (Q Ü / ⁇ ) 1/2 , L Ü > (16 * Q Ü / ⁇ ) 1/2 or according to L Ü > (36 * Q Ü / ⁇ ) 1/2 .
  • the targeted influencing of the fluid flowing into the prechamber results in a reduction of the deposits on the combustion chamber window and thus an improvement in the reliability of the laser spark plug.
  • a region of the laser spark plug lying between the prechamber and the combustion chamber window can be understood, while under the prechamber, a region of the laser spark plug arranged on the combustion chamber side of the diaphragm can be understood, which in particular at least in sections opposite to the entire Aperture or the outlet opening of the diaphragm has enlarged cross-section.
  • a laser spark plug for an internal combustion engine comprising at least one means for guiding, shaping and / or generating laser radiation, further comprising a combustion chamber window and a housing, wherein the housing on the opposite side of the center of the combustion chamber window, a diaphragm for the passage guided by the means, shaped and / or generated laser radiation disposed in a combustion chamber end of the housing
  • Prechamber having at least one fluid connection between an interior of the prechamber and the combustion chamber surrounding the combustion chamber enabling Studentsströmkanal is provided that the at least one overflow is arranged and designed so that when flowing a fluid through the overflow into the interior of the prechamber a Fluid flow results, which at a finite minimum angle, in particular measured to the longitudinal axis of the laser spark plug, enters the interior of the diaphragm.
  • the described effect already occurs when the minimum angle ⁇ is 45 °, even more favorable minimum angles ⁇ are 60 ° or 75 ° or 85 °, in each case in particular measured with respect to the longitudinal axis of the laser spark plug.
  • the measurement of the minimum angle is always possible also to a vertical on the entrance surface of the diaphragm and / or to a vertical on a, the combustion chamber facing surface of the combustion chamber window.
  • the at least one overflow channel is arranged so that its longitudinal axis in the radial direction forms an angle with the longitudinal axis of the laser spark plug, which is less than about 25 °, preferably less than about 10 °.
  • a plurality of overflow channels are provided.
  • additional means are provided, through which a purge gas is blown into the pre-chamber, and these means are arranged in particular and are operable so that together with the fluid flowing through the overflow a resulting total flow results below the minimum angle, as explained above, enters the interior of the diaphragm or at least substantially parallel to an outlet opening of the diaphragm.
  • the flow is formed within the antechamber as a tumble flow.
  • the above-described effect of providing the minimum angle ⁇ acts synergistically with a given minimum angle ⁇ with a particularly long diaphragm and / or with a particularly slender diaphragm, in particular a diaphragm with a small outlet cross-section Q BA , through which the fluid flow enters the interior of the diaphragm.
  • the inner contour of the diaphragm is hit by the fluid flow particularly close to its combustion chamber end and particles are preferably deposited there on the inner contour of the diaphragm. It is preferred that the inner contour of the diaphragm is struck by the fluid flow in a half of the inner contour of the diaphragm facing the combustion chamber.
  • a laser spark plug for an internal combustion engine comprising at least one means for guiding, shaping and / or generating laser radiation, further comprising a combustion chamber window and a housing, wherein the housing on the opposite side of the center of the combustion chamber window, in particular on a combustion chamber side End of the housing, a diaphragm for the passage of the guided through the means, shaped and / or generated laser radiation in an arranged at the combustion chamber end of the housing antechamber, at least one fluid communication between an interior of the prechamber and a combustion chamber surrounding the combustion chamber enabling
  • the at least one overflow channel is arranged and designed so that when a fluid flows through the overflow into the interior of the pre-chamber, a fluid flow, the at least one vortex in the region of the aperture has, which rotates about a vortex axis having a component in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the laser spark plug.
  • an area of the diaphragm upstream of the diaphragm and / or a region of the outlet opening of the diaphragm is to be understood as being under the region of the diaphragm.
  • Under Areas are to be understood in particular spatial areas that have structure lengths that are slightly smaller, for example, half as large or a quarter as large as a structure lengths of the inner contour of the aperture, the structure length be given in particular by length, inlet diameter and / or outlet diameter of the diaphragm can.
  • the overflow channel or the flow channels initially results in that the fluid flow in the region of the diaphragm has a component in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis LA of the laser spark plug. Furthermore, owing to the vortex, a flow deflection results locally in a direction perpendicular to the local flow velocity. Since the particles transported by the flow have a finite inertia, they only follow this flow deflection to a limited extent and tend, especially in the case of sharp flow deflection, to strike the inner contour of the diaphragm or a side wall of the antechamber. Overall, the result is that the amount of the combustion chamber window reaching particles is reduced, so that deposits on the combustion chamber window is reduced and the reliability of the laser spark plug is increased.
  • the swirl axis is at an angle with a longitudinal axis of the laser spark plug of at most 45 °, in particular at most 20 °, preferably at most 10 °, or parallel with the longitudinal axis LA of the laser spark plug.
  • a spaced arrangement of the swirl axis and longitudinal axis LA of the laser spark plug is favorable, in particular if the distance between the swirl axis and longitudinal axis LA of the laser spark plug at least 2 mm, in particular at least 4 mm. The maximum distances are 6 and 10mm.
  • the result of the spacing is a shear flow perpendicular to the outlet opening of the diaphragm and the impact of the particles on the inner contour of the diaphragm.
  • the intended arrangement of the overflow channel can result, in particular, from the fact that its longitudinal axis in the tangential direction encloses an angle with the longitudinal axis of the laser spark plug which is more than approximately 10 °, preferably more than approximately 25 °.
  • additional means are provided, through which a purge gas is blown into the pre-chamber, wherein the additional means are arranged and are operable so that together with the fluid flowing through the overflow a resulting total flow results forming a vortex as explained above. It is always preferred that the flow within the antechamber is formed as a swirl flow.
  • the above-described effect of providing a vortex acts synergistically for a given vortex with a particularly long diaphragm and / or with a diaphragm having a particularly slender geometry, in particular a diaphragm with a small outlet cross-section Q BA , through which the fluid flow enters the interior of the diaphragm , together, since in such developments, the tangentially thrown particles hit the inner contour of the aperture particularly close to its combustion chamber end. It is preferred that the inner contour of the diaphragm is struck by the particles thrown tangentially in a half of the inner contour of the diaphragm facing the combustion chamber.
  • a laser spark plug for an internal combustion engine comprising at least one means for guiding, shaping and / or generating laser radiation, further comprising a combustion chamber window and a housing, wherein the housing on the opposite side of the center of the combustion chamber window, in particular on a combustion chamber side End of the housing, a diaphragm for the passage of the guided through the means, shaped and / or generated laser radiation in a combustion chamber, that the diaphragm on a side facing the combustion chamber has at least one outer edge whose contour deviates inwardly from a sharp-edged outer edge.
  • sharp edge reference is made to the standard DIN ISO 13715: 2000.
  • an outer edge is considered sharp-edged if it only has erosions or transitions that are 50 ⁇ m or less.
  • the outer edge of the diaphragm can in particular limit the inner contour of the diaphragm.
  • the outer edge of the diaphragm can in particular also be spaced from the inner contour of the diaphragm, in particular represent a radially outer boundary of the diaphragm and / or of the housing at its end on the combustion chamber side.
  • the providence of the deviation of the contour of the outer edge inward is based on the knowledge that laser spark plugs are exposed to the combustion chamber inside the combustion chamber ruling high temperatures during operation in an internal combustion engine.
  • thermal coupling of the laser spark plug on its side facing away from the combustion chamber on the other hand, an outflow of heat, so that the increase in the temperature of the laser spark plug is limited.
  • the heat dissipation is deteriorated and consequently particularly high temperatures occur in these areas, which can lead to the occurrence of Glühzünditch in the combustion chamber and thus to a deteriorated operation of the internal combustion engine. Due to the deviation of the contour of the outer edge inwards areas of such high temperature increases are avoided and as a result, the occurrence of pre-ignition in the combustion chamber can be avoided.
  • the diaphragm has on at least one outer edge on a side facing the combustion chamber whose contour deviates inwardly relative to a sharp-edged outer edge
  • the outer edge consist of a sharp-edged outer edge by an ablation of more than 0.075 mm , in particular of 0.1 mm or more, preferably 0.15 mm or more. 5 mm, 2 mm and 0.5 mm are considered as the upper limit for the ablation, as excessively large abradings could impair the mechanical stability of the diaphragm.
  • the outer edge of the diaphragm has a rounding and / or chamfering.
  • the radius of curvature, in the case of chamfering, the depth and / or the width of the chamfer has 0.075 mm or more, in particular 0.15 mm or more.
  • in this connection is additionally or alternatively preferred that in the case of a rounding of the radius of curvature, in the case of chamfering the depth and / or the width of the chamfer, 5 mm or less, in particular 2 mm or less, preferably 0.5 mm or less.
  • the diaphragm at least in the region of the outer edge, consists of a material with a high thermal conductivity, in particular brass, nickel and / or copper or an alloy of at least two of these substances.
  • the diaphragm is designed as a separate component and is attached to a further part of the housing of the laser spark plug, in particular on a shoulder. It is preferred to ensure a good dissipation of heat from the panel, which can be done by the joint between the panel and another part of the housing good thermal conductivity, in particular by means of a large-area soldering (at least 10 mm 2 , in particular at least 20 mm 2 ) and / or waiving welds, for example by a press fit executed.
  • the diaphragm can also be screwed to the further part of the housing with a thread, it being preferred to provide a screw connection by means of a fine thread (thread pitch ⁇ 0.5 mm, in particular ⁇ 0.3 mm).
  • a spark is preferably generated at least 1 mm, preferably at least 2 mm outside the diaphragm.
  • the distance between spark and exit surface of the diaphragm additionally or alternatively 30 mm, 10 mm and 5 mm into consideration, otherwise the exit cross section of the aperture would have to be chosen excessively large or a sufficient focusing of the laser radiation would be difficult.
  • the position of a focus of the generated or formed by the laser spark plug laser radiation are considered.
  • combustion chamber also fixed to the laser spark plug or fixed to the laser spark plug pre-chamber includes, in particular an antechamber whose volume is less than 10 cm 3 and which has at least one overflow channel whose cross-section less than 5 mm 2 .
  • FIG. 1a An internal combustion engine carries in FIG. 1a Overall, the reference numeral 10. It can be used to drive a motor vehicle, not shown.
  • the internal combustion engine 10 comprises a plurality of cylinders, of which in FIG. 1 only one is designated by the reference numeral 12.
  • a combustion chamber 14 of the cylinder 12 is limited by a piston 16.
  • Fuel or premixed fuel-air mixture enters the combustion chamber 14 through an injector 18, which is connected to a designated also as a rail fuel pressure accumulator 20.
  • injected fuel 22 or pre-mixed fuel-air mixture is ignited by means of a laser radiation 24, which is emitted from a laser spark plug 100 comprehensive ignition device 27 into the combustion chamber 14.
  • the laser spark plug 100 is fed via a light guide device 28 with a light, which may be in particular pump light, which is provided by a light source 30.
  • a light source 30 is controlled by a control unit 32, which also controls the injector 18.
  • the light source 30 feeds a plurality of optical fiber devices 28 for different laser spark plugs 100, which are each assigned to a cylinder 12 of the internal combustion engine 10.
  • the light source 30 has a plurality of individual laser light sources 340, which are connected to a pulse power supply 36.
  • a "stationary" distribution of light, in particular pump light is realized on the various laser spark plugs 100, so that no optical distributors or the like between the light source 30 and the laser spark plugs 100 are required.
  • the light source 30 may have only one laser light source 340.
  • Each laser spark plug 100 is associated with exactly one light source 30 and / or exactly one laser light source 340.
  • the laser spark plug 100 has, for example, a laser-active solid 44 with a passive Q-switching circuit 46, which forms an optical resonator together with a coupling-in mirror 42 and an output mirror 48.
  • further optical components in particular lenses, for example for shaping the radiation supplied to the laser spark plug 100 or for expanding radiation, may be provided.
  • the laser spark plug 100 By applying light generated by the light source 30, in particular pumping light, the laser spark plug 100 generates laser radiation 24 in a manner known per se, which is focused by a focusing lens 52 onto a combustion chamber 14 (FIG. FIG. 1a ) located ignition point ZP is focused.
  • the components present in the housing 38 of the laser spark plug 100 are separated from the combustion chamber 14 by a combustion chamber window 58.
  • FIGS. 2 to 21a is the detail X the FIG. 1b , the combustion chamber 14 facing the end 381 of the housing 38 of the laser spark plug 100, greatly enlarged in partial longitudinal section shown. From this greatly enlarged view it is clear that the combustion chamber window 58 is sealingly connected to the housing 38. The seal between the housing 38 and the combustion chamber window 58 may be formed in the region of the reference numeral 60 in the form of a cohesive or frictional connection.
  • the housing 38 may, as in these examples, be formed in two parts. It comprises an inner sleeve 62 and an outer sleeve 64.
  • the outer sleeve 64 has at a combustion chamber 14 (see FIG. 1a ) facing a paragraph 66 on.
  • sealing means for example sealing rings, in particular steel sealing rings, preferably copper-coated steel sealing rings, can be used and, in particular, be favorable with regard to thermal expansion compensation between the window material and the surrounding material.
  • a female thread is provided on the outer sleeve 64, which cooperates with a corresponding bolt thread of the inner sleeve 62.
  • This thread consisting of female thread and bolt thread is indicated in its entirety by the reference numeral 68. Due to the bracing of the outer sleeve 64 and inner sleeve 62, a further sealing surface 72 is formed between the shoulder 66 and the combustion chamber window 58.
  • a focusing optics 52 In the interior of the housing 38 is on the combustion chamber 14 opposite side of the combustion chamber window 58, a focusing optics 52 (see FIG. 1 a and 1 b), which focuses the laser radiation generated in the laser spark plug 100 or fed into the laser spark plug 100 laser radiation 24 to the ignition point ZP, which corresponds to the focus of the focusing lens 52 in this example.
  • a diaphragm 74 At the combustion chamber end 381 of the housing 38, a diaphragm 74 is provided for the passage of the laser radiation 24 into the combustion chamber 14.
  • laser spark plug 100 has a housing 38, whose combustion chamber side of the combustion chamber window 58 arranged portion is sleeve-shaped and an aperture 74 according to the invention.
  • the inner contour 71 of the diaphragm 74 has, for example, the shape of a cylinder jacket whose height corresponds to the length L of the diaphragm 74.
  • the length L is measured, for example, starting from the combustion chamber window 58, in the longitudinal direction of the laser spark plug and is 13 mm in this example.
  • the diaphragm 74 is made of a material having a thermal conductivity of 60 W / (m * K) or more or even having a thermal conductivity of 80 W / (m * K) or more, for example brass, Alloy or nickel or copper or at least one of these substances.
  • the entire housing 38 is made of this material in this example.
  • the provision of the material only inside the panel, enclosed by other material whose thermal conductivity may be lower, for example, from a high-alloy steel, is possible. Such a variant is in the FIG.
  • cooling channels 81 are provided in the interior of the diaphragm 74 instead of the insert, as in FIG. 4 shown. By means of these cooling channels 81, heat can be removed from the region of the orifice 74 into a region of the housing 38 which is further away from the combustion chamber 14, for example by circulation of water or another cooling medium.
  • FIG. 5 an example of a laser spark plug is shown, which differs from the previously shown characterized in that the combustion chamber window 58 upstream of the combustion chamber side, a gap 82 is arranged.
  • the gap 82 is delimited axially on the side facing the combustion chamber 14 by the diaphragm 74, on the side facing away from the combustion chamber 14 through the combustion chamber window 58 and outwardly through the diaphragm 74. Inwardly, the gap 82 communicates via the interior of the diaphragm 74 with an area lying in front of the diaphragm 74, for example a combustion chamber 14.
  • the gap 82 in this example has the base area of a ring having an outer diameter D SA of 15 mm and an inner diameter D.
  • the gap cross section Q S is thus a multiple of the inlet cross section Q BE , which is 28 mm 2 , with an inlet diameter D BE of the aperture 74 of 6 mm.
  • the height H S of the gap 82 in this example is 0.15 mm.
  • the height of the gap is 2 mm and the Gap cross section Q S is only 20% of the inlet cross section Q BE of the diaphragm 74, namely 0.56 mm 2 .
  • FIG. 6 shows another example of a laser spark plug 100, which differs from those shown above, characterized in that the aperture 74 has a particularly small outlet cross-section Q BA , which is 3 mm 2 in this example, with an aperture diameter D BA of the aperture of 2 mm.
  • the length L, the aperture 74 in this example is 12 mm, so that the value 6 results for the quotient L / (4Q BA / ⁇ ) 1/2 .
  • FIGS. 7 to 10 in each case a further example of a laser spark plug is shown, which differs from the one shown above in that the inner contour of the aperture 74 in a region which is both of the combustion chamber facing the end of the aperture 74 and the combustion chamber facing away from the end of the aperture 74th spaced apart, at least one edge 83, in particular a plurality of edges 83, has.
  • the in the FIG. 7 shown laser spark plug 100 has a diaphragm 74, which has two edges 83, an inner edge and an outer edge in a central region, which together form a step 84 formed at right angles.
  • FIG. 7 laser spark plug 100 has a diaphragm 74, which has two edges 83, an inner edge and an outer edge in a central region, which together form a step 84 formed at right angles.
  • a laser spark plug 100 is shown having a plurality of edges 83 and rectangular steps 84 formed therefrom, the number of steps 84 actually represented being representative of, for example, 3, 7 or 8 stages, particularly in a central region of the diaphragm 74 are arranged. Even non-rectangular steps 84 are possible.
  • Stages 84 are also possible, at which the aperture 74 tapers in the direction of its end facing away from the combustion chamber 14. In FIG. 9 an example is shown in which such stages 84, at which the aperture 74 tapers in the direction of its end facing the combustion chamber 14, are upstream of the combustion chamber side.
  • FIG. 10 shows a further example of a laser spark plug 100 with a diaphragm 74, the inner contour 71 has a circumferential edge 83.
  • FIGS. 11 to 15 an example of a laser spark plug 100 is shown, which has a diaphragm 74, with the special feature that the inner contour 71 of the aperture 74 in a region which faces away from both the combustion chamber 14 end facing the aperture 74 and the combustion chamber 14 End of the aperture 74 is spaced, an extreme cross-section Q X has.
  • the in the FIG. 11 illustrated laser spark plug 100 has an aperture 74 which has a sharp-edged constriction 85 in a central region.
  • the diameter D X and thus the cross-section of the aperture Q X is minimal, namely about half or quarter as large as in each case the inlet and outlet cross-section Q BE, Q BA of the diaphragm.
  • the inner contour 71 of the aperture 74 in this example in each case in the form of straight circular truncated cone coats on.
  • the in the FIG. 13 illustrated laser spark plug 100 has a diaphragm 74, which has a sharp bulge 86 in a central region.
  • the diameter D X and thus the cross-section of the aperture Q X is a maximum, namely about twice to four times as large as in each case the inlet and outlet cross-section Q BE , Q BA of the diaphragm.
  • the inner contour 71 of the aperture 74 in this example in each case in the form of straight Kreistrgelstumpfmänteln.
  • FIG. 14 it is also possible to perform a bulge 86 rounded, see FIG. 14.
  • the aperture 74 has an undercut 87.
  • the undercut is executed in this example as mecaniczastich and rectangular and has a maximum cross-section of the aperture Q X , which is about twice to four times as large as each of the inlet and outlet cross-section Q BE , Q BA of the aperture.
  • extremal cross sections Q S shown come when not explicitly excluded in the other embodiments and examples of the invention.
  • extremal cross-section Q S be provided in one of the described types.
  • FIGS. 16 and 17 In each case, another example of a laser spark plug 100 is shown, which has a diaphragm 74, with the special feature that the diaphragm 74 has at least one outer edge 88 on the side facing the combustion chamber 14, whose contour deviates inwards relative to a sharp-edged outer edge.
  • Laserzündkerze 100 has an aperture 74 with a sleeve-shaped basic shape, wherein the inner combustion chamber side edge 89 of the sleeve has a rounding 91.
  • the fillet radius is 0.5 mm in this example.
  • the rounding 91 of the outer combustion chamber side edge 90 of the sleeve is additionally or alternatively, for example, with a radius of curvature of 0.5 mm is possible. Even small and / or larger radii of curvature are possible in principle.
  • laser spark plug 100 has an aperture 74 with a sleeve-shaped basic shape, wherein the inner combustion chamber side edge 89 of the sleeve has a chamfer 92.
  • the chamfer 92 (length and width) in this example is 0.5 mm, the chamfer angle is 45 °.
  • the chamfer 92 of the outer combustion chamber side edge 90 of the sleeve is additionally or alternatively, for example, with a length and width of 0.5 mm, possible.
  • outer edge 88 executable whose contour deviates inwardly from a sharp-edged outer edge, for example, outer edges with an exact or approximate elliptical, parabolic or hyperbolic shape or with an irregular shape. Combinations of chamfers 92 and fillets 91 are also conceivable.
  • FIGS. 18 and 19 In each case, another example of a laser spark plug 100 is shown, which has a diaphragm 74 and the focusing means 53, in particular a focusing optics 52, for determining a beam shape of the laser radiation 24 passing through the diaphragm 74 (see FIG. 1 B) ,
  • the proposed in these examples laser spark plugs 100 have the peculiarity that the shape of the aperture 74 is advantageously selected with respect to the shape of the laser radiation 24 passing through them.
  • the shape of the laser radiation 24 is indicated in these figures by the conical envelope lines 99 which intersect approximately at the ignition point ZP.
  • the information concerning the shape of the laser radiation 24 is understood in accordance with or in the context of the standard DIN EN ISO 11145.
  • the in the FIG. 18 illustrated laser spark plug 100 has a diaphragm 74, which along its entire inner contour 71 a distance A to the passing through it Laser radiation 24 of about 0.5 mm.
  • the illustrated laser spark plug 100 also has the property that 88% of the transmitted through the combustion chamber window 58 laser radiation 24 passes through the aperture 58 as focusable laser radiation 24, while the remaining laser radiation 24 along the inner contour 71 of the aperture 74 undergoes a deflection or absorption and for a Focusing is not available.
  • the in the FIG. 19 illustrated laser spark plug 100 has a diaphragm 74, the inner contour 71 has the shape of a straight circular truncated cone, the opening angle ⁇ is 45 °.
  • the laser radiation 24 passing through the diaphragm is focused in this example in such a way that the beam divergence angle ⁇ (far-field divergence) is 30 °.
  • a laser spark plug 100 which has a diaphragm 74 for the passage of laser radiation 24 in a combustion chamber end of the housing 38 arranged pre-chamber 110.
  • an overflow channel 120 is provided for the fluid connection between the interior 111 of the pre-chamber 110 and the combustion chamber.
  • the longitudinal axis KLA of the overflow channel 120 is eccentrically offset relative to the longitudinal axis LA of the laser spark plug 100.
  • the longitudinal axis KLA of the overflow bore 120 and the longitudinal axis LA of the laser spark plug 100 are parallel to each other in this example, alternatively, they may also be arranged at an angle to each other in the radial and / or tangential direction.
  • a vortex forms within the prechamber 110 in such a way that the fluid flow runs along the outlet opening of the diaphragm 74 substantially parallel to the outlet opening of the diaphragm 74.
  • the fluid flow forming inside the diaphragm 74 represents, in particular, a tumble flow.
  • the length L of the diaphragm is 5 mm and the outlet diameter D AE of the diaphragm is 6 mm.
  • these means for injecting purge gas cooperate together with the overflow channel 120 in such a way that a total fluid flow is formed, such that when a fluid flows through the overflow channel 120 into the interior 111 of the prechamber 110, a fluid flow F results, which at a minimum angle ⁇ , in particular measured to the longitudinal axis of the laser spark plug, from 45 °, 60 ° or 75 ° enters the interior of the diaphragm 74.
  • FIG. 21 shows a further example of a laser spark plug 100, in part a as a partial longitudinal section along the longitudinal axis LA of the laser spark plug 100, in part b in supervision in direction B in part a and in part c in a section along the line CC in part b of FIG. 21 ,
  • This laser spark plug 100 has for the fluid connection between the interior 111 of the prechamber 110 and the combustion chamber five transfer ports 120 which are offset by 72 ° to each other, symmetrically.
  • the longitudinal axes KLA of the overflow bores 120 are inclined both in the radial and in the tangential direction, such that the longitudinal axes KLA of the overflow bores 120 are superimposed on the laser spark plug (FIG. FIG.
  • a vortex forms when a fluid F flows into the prechamber 110, whose vortex axis WB coincides with the longitudinal axis LA of the laser spark plug 100 in the interior of the prechamber 110 and in the region of the diaphragm 74.
  • the flow conditions in the region of the orifice 74 result in that, in particular, heavy particles which leave the flow tangentially in the region of a vortex meet the inner contour 71 of the orifice 74 and do not penetrate to the combustion chamber window 58.
  • the fluid flow forming in the interior of the diaphragm 74 represents, in particular, a swirl flow.
  • additional means are provided, through which a purge gas is blown into the pre-chamber 110. It is provided, in particular, that these means for injecting purge gas cooperate together with an overflow channel 120 or a plurality of overflow channels 120 in such a way that a total fluid flow is formed, such that when a fluid flows in through the overflow channel 120 or the overflow channels into the interior 111 of the pre-chamber 110 results in a fluid flow having a vortex that rotates about a vortex axis WB having a component in the direction of the longitudinal axis LA of the laser spark plug 100, in particular parallel or coaxial with the longitudinal axis LA of the laser spark plug 100.
  • embodiments are also advantageous and can be reproduced by those skilled in the art, which are based on an interaction of one or, if they do not exclude each other, several of the above-disclosed features of two or more than two of the following feature groups: Previously marked as advantageous lengths L of Aperture 74, previously referred to as advantageously marked selections of the material of the diaphragm 74, previously characterized as advantageous embodiments of the combustion chamber window 58 upstream combustion chamber side gap 82, previously marked as advantageous cross sections of the aperture 74, previously characterized as advantageous ratios between lengths L and cross-sectional areas Q of the diaphragm 74, previously characterized as advantageous features of the inner contour 71 of the panel 74, in particular edges 83 and extreme cross-sections of the aperture 74, previously characterized as advantageous features that vorteilsch a
  • the shape of the aperture 74 relates to features previously described as being advantageous, which relate to the design of an outer edge 88 of the panel

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  • Ignition Installations For Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Bougie d'allumage au laser pour un moteur à combustion interne (10) comprenant au moins un moyen (26) pour le guidage, la formation et/ou la production d'un faisceau laser (24), comprenant en outre une fenêtre de chambre de combustion (58) et un boîtier (38), dans laquelle le boîtier (38) présente sur le côté de la fenêtre de chambre de combustion (58) opposé au moyen (26), en particulier à une extrémité (381) du boîtier proche de la chambre de combustion, un obturateur (74) pour le passage du faisceau laser (24) guidé, formé et/ou produit par le moyen (26) dans une chambre de combustion (14), dans laquelle l'obturateur (74) présente une extrémité tournée vers la chambre de combustion (14) et une extrémité détournée de la chambre de combustion (14), dans laquelle le contour intérieur (71) de l'obturateur (74) présente, dans une région qui est espacée aussi bien de l'extrémité de l'obturateur (74) tournée vers la chambre de combustion (14) que de l'extrémité de l'obturateur (74) détourné de la chambre de combustion (14), une section transversale extrémale (QS), caractérisée en ce que l'obturateur présente sur un côté tourné vers la chambre de combustion au moins une arête extérieure, dont le contour s'écarte vers l'intérieur par rapport à une arête extérieure en forme d'arête vive.
  2. Bougie d'allumage au laser selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que l'obturateur (74) présente une section transversale d'entrée (QBE) à son extrémité détournée de la chambre de combustion (14) et une section transversale de sortie (QBA) à son extrémité tournée vers la chambre de combustion et en ce que la section transversale extrémale (QS) est soit au moins 10 %, en particulier au moins 20 %, de préférence au moins 30 %, plus petite que la section transversale d'entrée (QBE) et au moins 10 %, en particulier au moins 20 %, de préférence au moins 30 %, plus petite que la section transversale de sortie (QBA), soit au moins 10 %, en particulier au moins 20 %, de préférence au moins 30%, plus grande que la section transversale d'entrée (QBE) et au moins 10 %, en particulier au moins 20 %, de préférence au moins 30 % plus grande que la section transversale de sortie (QBA).
  3. Bougie d'allumage au laser selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisée en ce que le contour intérieur (71) de l'obturateur (74) présente deux sections, qui présentent respectivement une forme tronconique, en particulier la forme d'un tronc de cône circulaire droit.
  4. Bougie d'allumage au laser selon la revendication 3, caractérisée en ce que les deux sections sont directement voisines.
  5. Bougie d'allumage au laser selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisée en ce que le contour intérieur (71) de l'obturateur (74) présente un étranglement (85), dans laquelle l'étranglement (85) est présente au moins une arête (83).
  6. Bougie d'allumage au laser selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisée en ce que le contour intérieur de l'obturateur (74) présente un renflement (86), dans laquelle le renflement (86) présente au moins une arête (83).
  7. Bougie d'allumage au laser selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisée en ce que la longueur (L) de l'obturateur (74) vaut 4 mm ou plus, en particulier 12 mm ou plus.
  8. Bougie d'allumage au laser selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que le boîtier (38) présente, sur le côté de la fenêtre de chambre de combustion (58) opposé au moyen (26), un obturateur (74) pour le passage du faisceau laser (24) guidé, formé et/ou produit par le moyen (26) dans une préchambre (110) disposée à l'extrémité (381) du boîtier (38) proche de la chambre de combustion, dans laquelle il est prévu au moins canal de débordement (120) permettant une liaison fluidique entre un espace intérieur (111) de la préchambre (110) et une chambre de combustion entourant la préchambre (110), dans laquelle ledit au moins un canal de débordement (120) est disposé et configuré de telle manière que, lors de l'entrée d'un fluide par le canal de débordement (120) dans l'espace intérieur (111) de la préchambre (110), il se produise un écoulement de fluide (F), qui entre à l'intérieur de l'obturateur (74) sous un angle minimal ε de 45°, mesuré par rapport à l'axe longitudinal de la bougie d'allumage au laser.
  9. Bougie d'allumage au laser selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que le boîtier (38) présente, sur le côté de la fenêtre de chambre de combustion (58) opposé au moyen (26), un obturateur (74) pour le passage du faisceau laser (24) guidé, formé et/ou produit par le moyen (26) dans une préchambre (110) disposée à l'extrémité (381) du boîtier (38) proche de la chambre de combustion, dans laquelle il est prévu au moins canal de débordement (120) permettant une liaison fluidique entre un espace intérieur (111) de la préchambre (110) et une chambre de combustion entourant la préchambre (110), dans laquelle ledit au moins un canal de débordement (120) est disposé et configuré de telle manière que, lors de l'entrée d'un fluide par le canal de débordement (120) dans l'espace intérieur (111) de la préchambre (110), il se produise un écoulement de fluide (F), qui présente dans la région de l'obturateur (74) au moins un tourbillon, qui tourne autour d'un axe de tourbillon (WB), qui présente une composante dans la direction de l'axe longitudinal (LA) de la bougie d'allumage au laser (100).
EP11712802.5A 2010-05-27 2011-03-25 Allumage induit par laser pour un moteur a combustion interne Not-in-force EP2577043B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102010029382A DE102010029382A1 (de) 2010-05-27 2010-05-27 Laserinduzierte Fremdzündung für eine Brennkraftmaschine
PCT/EP2011/054603 WO2011147606A1 (fr) 2010-05-27 2011-03-25 Allumage induit par laser pour un moteur à combustion interne

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EP2577043A1 EP2577043A1 (fr) 2013-04-10
EP2577043B1 true EP2577043B1 (fr) 2017-02-22

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US9316200B2 (en) 2016-04-19
US20130139774A1 (en) 2013-06-06
WO2011147606A1 (fr) 2011-12-01
EP2577043A1 (fr) 2013-04-10
DE102010029382A1 (de) 2011-12-01

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