WO2011138087A2 - Système d'allumage à laser pour un moteur à combustion interne - Google Patents

Système d'allumage à laser pour un moteur à combustion interne Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011138087A2
WO2011138087A2 PCT/EP2011/054326 EP2011054326W WO2011138087A2 WO 2011138087 A2 WO2011138087 A2 WO 2011138087A2 EP 2011054326 W EP2011054326 W EP 2011054326W WO 2011138087 A2 WO2011138087 A2 WO 2011138087A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
laser
focal point
ignition device
optical system
focus
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2011/054326
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
WO2011138087A3 (fr
Inventor
Rene Hartke
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch Gmbh filed Critical Robert Bosch Gmbh
Publication of WO2011138087A2 publication Critical patent/WO2011138087A2/fr
Publication of WO2011138087A3 publication Critical patent/WO2011138087A3/fr

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
    • F02P23/00—Other ignition
    • F02P23/04—Other physical ignition means, e.g. using laser rays
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B19/00—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers
    • F02B19/12—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers with positive ignition
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B23/00—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation
    • F02B23/08—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with positive ignition
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
    • F02P15/00—Electric spark ignition having characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F02P1/00 - F02P13/00 and combined with layout of ignition circuits
    • F02P15/08—Electric spark ignition having characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F02P1/00 - F02P13/00 and combined with layout of ignition circuits having multiple-spark ignition, i.e. ignition occurring simultaneously at different places in one engine cylinder or in two or more separate engine cylinders
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
    • F02P13/00—Sparking plugs structurally combined with other parts of internal-combustion engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
    • F02P15/00—Electric spark ignition having characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F02P1/00 - F02P13/00 and combined with layout of ignition circuits
    • F02P15/04—Electric spark ignition having characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F02P1/00 - F02P13/00 and combined with layout of ignition circuits one of the spark electrodes being mounted on the engine working piston
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a laser ignition device according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • DE 10 2008 004 919 A1 describes a laser ignition with a variable
  • Ignition points are generated at different locations per power stroke, each laser pulse always exactly one ignition point is generated. Disclosure of the invention
  • the laser ignition device comprises a laser spark plug and a downstream optical system, wherein the laser spark plug, for example, a
  • Solid state laser includes.
  • the invention is based on the consideration that the energy of a laser pulse (laser radiation) irradiated by the laser ignition device into a fuel-air mixture and focused onto a focal point is not completely absorbed or absorbed in the plasma formed there. A portion of the laser radiation that goes beyond the focal point (first focal point) expands due to the
  • the optical system is designed to focus the portion of the laser radiation beyond the first focal point onto a second focal point.
  • the invention has the advantage that the effect of the laser spark plug for igniting the fuel-air mixture is improved by two focal points are formed as ignition points with a small additional effort, the energy of the laser radiation is particularly well utilized. Accordingly, with the system according to the invention, at least two ignition plasmas can advantageously be generated simultaneously using a single laser ignition pulse. There are tolerances of the optical system or a
  • the invention can be applied to various types of internal combustion engine, which require ignition for operation, for example, for gasoline engines in stationary or mobile devices, such as in motor vehicles.
  • the invention provides that the first and the second focal point are arranged approximately on an optical axis of the laser spark plug, and that a distance between the first and the second focal point between less than about 1 mm, millimeters, and greater is about 150 mm.
  • This makes it possible to arrange the two focal points substantially centrally in the fuel-air mixture to be ignited, so that the ignition can proceed correspondingly quickly.
  • the focus points can be displaced in a wide range along the optical axis and thus adapted to a geometry of a combustion chamber.
  • it is possible to approximate the two focus points so that they are approximately congruent, resulting in a particularly high
  • the position of the focus points can be advantageously adapted to a respective type or operating situation of an internal combustion engine.
  • An embodiment of the laser device provides that the optical system is designed to focus the laser radiation onto a first focal point, which lies in an antechamber of the laser spark plug, and to that via the first Focusing point exceeding portion of the laser radiation to focus on a second focal point in the antechamber and / or outside the
  • the laser device according to the invention can not only be used for the direct ignition of an existing in a combustion chamber of a cylinder fuel-air mixture, but it is also advantageously suitable for internal combustion engines, which initially ignite the fuel-air mixture by means of an antechamber.
  • both focal points can be arranged so that they lie within the antechamber, or alternatively, the optical system and the design of the antechamber can be designed such that at least a second focal point outside the
  • the laser device can thus ignite the fuel-air mixture in a particularly diverse manner.
  • the optical system has at least one focusing mirror, which is designed to focus the laser radiation onto the first focal point and / or to focus the portion of the laser radiation beyond the first focal point onto the second focal point.
  • the focusing mirror is a simple and at the same time robust optical element in order to bundle the laser radiation according to the invention.
  • for generating the second focal point of the focusing mirror can be used advantageously.
  • the ignition of the fuel-air mixture can be done very well and it can be saved at the same cost.
  • the focusing mirror is arranged in the region of a piston of the internal combustion engine and / or in the region of a combustion chamber wall and / or in the region of an inner surface of an antechamber wall of the antechamber.
  • the focusing mirror may be arranged on a piston bottom approximately on the optical axis of the laser spark plug. In doing so, it reflects the portion of the laser radiation that goes beyond the first focal point and, at the same time, focuses it on the second focal point.
  • This second focal point has due to the arrangement of the focusing mirror in the piston crown advantageously always the same distance from the piston crown, regardless of an ignition timing or other operating variables of the internal combustion engine. It is also possible to use the
  • Focusing mirror to arrange in the region of the combustion chamber wall, wherein it reflects and bundles the laser radiation in a comparable manner. Especially it is favorable if the focusing mirror on the inner surface of the
  • Prechamber wall is arranged because the antechamber wall often already has a suitable for a focusing mirror basic geometry.
  • the focusing mirror as a
  • Concave mirror formed polished recess of the piston crown and / or the combustion chamber wall and / or the antechamber wall is. This can be the
  • Vorammerwand be integrated and thus does not constitute a discrete element that separately z. is to be aligned with respect to the beam path. As a result, costs are saved and the robustness of the laser device is improved overall.
  • the optical system may also comprise focusing means, which are formed partially transmittable for the laser radiation.
  • focusing means can, on the one hand, realize a second focal point in the prechamber by transferring the part of the laser radiation not already transmitted through it to that already over the first focus point which also lies in the prechamber bundle the second focal point in the antechamber.
  • the passing through the focusing means further part of the laser radiation can, if appropriate
  • Forming of the main combustion chamber bounding outer contour of the focusing means are advantageously bundled to a third focal point outside the antechamber, i. is arranged in a main combustion chamber.
  • a further embodiment of the laser device provides that the optical system is designed to provide a distance between the first and / or the second focal point and the piston head independently of one
  • Focusing mirror is the distance to the second focal point - starting from a constant focal length of the focusing mirror - always constant.
  • the ignition timing can advantageously be changed depending on current requirements of the internal combustion engine within certain limits. This is the
  • Focusing mirror appropriately sized and / or the optical system adjusted with respect to the beam path of the laser radiation, as will be explained in more detail below.
  • a radius of curvature of the focusing mirror greater than or equal to about 10 mm, millimeters, and less than or equal to about 50 mm.
  • Piston positions are to be made, for example, at different
  • a radius of curvature of the focusing mirror is less than or equal to about
  • a further embodiment of the laser device provides that the optical system is designed to focus the laser radiation onto the focal points in such a way that the energy deposited in a plasma generated in the region of the focus points is different for both focal points.
  • the ignition can be particularly good at a geometry or at
  • the adjustment can be made static and / or dynamic.
  • the optical system comprises adjustable means for influencing laser radiation guided in the laser spark plug and / or focusing means with adjustable focal length. This can be the
  • Laser device are designed to be very flexible, even during operation of the internal combustion engine influence on the location and the bundling of the two
  • the optical system has a focusing lens designed substantially as a spherical lens.
  • the first focal point is bundled somewhat less strongly than when using an aspherical lens, but the portion of the laser radiation which exceeds the first focal point does not represent a loss energy, but can be bundled according to the invention to the second focus point. This may require the
  • the invention provides that a distance of the means for influencing, in particular widening, of laser radiation guided in the laser spark plug to the focusing means can be changed. If the expansion is e.g. for example, by reducing the distance concerned, less energy is deposited in the plasma of the first focal point and correspondingly more energy in the plasma of the second focal point. Thus, the effect of the laser ignition device can be advantageously adapted to respective requirements.
  • variable geometry in particular radius of curvature having.
  • so-called “liquid lenses” or membrane lenses can be used.
  • the focus and possibly the expansion of the laser radiation can be very flexibly adapted to the current operating situation of the internal combustion engine, for example, to a sufficient even with changed speeds or a change in the ignition timing
  • FIG. 1 shows a sectional view of a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine with a laser ignition device and two focal points of the laser radiation;
  • FIG. 2 shows a sectional view of a laser spark plug with an antechamber and two focal points of the laser radiation.
  • Figure 1 shows a sectional view of a part of a cylinder 10 of a
  • a cylinder housing 12 Shown is a cylinder housing 12, in which a piston 14 is arranged vertically movable in Figure 1 and connected to the connecting rod 16.
  • the piston 14 defines together with the cylinder housing 12 a combustion chamber 18.
  • a partially shown laser ignition device 20 is arranged with a laser spark plug 22 having an optical axis 24, in the present case approximately in a longitudinal axis of the cylinder 10th equivalent.
  • one of the laser spark plug 22 optically subordinate optical system 26 in the figure 1 also shown only partially, which, inter alia, a focusing lens 28, at the same time the function of a
  • a focusing mirror 29 includes.
  • the focusing lens 28 may also be integrated into a housing of the laser spark plug 22.
  • the focusing mirror 29 is present as a concave mirror, especially as a polished recess 31 a of a
  • Piston bottom 31 of the piston 14 formed.
  • Cylinders 10 are also shown only partially.
  • the focusing lens 28 is presently designed as a spherical lens.
  • FIG. 1 Shown in FIG. 1 is an ignition point in which a fuel-air mixture located in the combustion chamber 18 is ignited to produce a power stroke of the engine
  • Cylinder 10 execute.
  • laser radiation 34 generated locally or at a remote location in particular a laser ignition pulse, which is guided from top to bottom along the optical axis 24 in the drawing, is focused by the focusing lens 28 onto a first focal point 36.
  • Arrows 38 indicate an (outer) course of the laser radiation 34, as it results in the combustion chamber 18 by the focusing of the focusing lens 28 and the subsequent reflection on the focusing mirror 29.
  • Passage through the first focus point 36 does not emit its entire energy to the fuel-air mixture or to a plasma formed at the location of the focal point 36. This results in an over the first focus point 36th
  • outgoing portion 37 of the laser radiation 34 which as shown diverges after passing through the first focus point 36 and after mirroring and focusing by the focusing mirror 29 has sufficient energy or a sufficient energy density to the present in the second focus point 40 fuel-air mixture also to ignite.
  • the fuel-air mixture located in the entire combustion chamber 18 can be ignited particularly well and safely, namely by two ignition plasmas that arise almost simultaneously in the two focus points 36, 40, so that an advantageously faster burn-through can take place.
  • the radius of curvature of the focusing mirror 29 is advantageous Embodiment, approximately 15 millimeters (mm), and a distance of the first focal point 36 from the second focal point 40 along the optical axis 24 is approximately 12 mm.
  • the focusing mirror 29, may also be e.g. be arranged in the region of a combustion chamber wall of the combustion chamber 18, wherein the beam direction of the laser radiation 34 is to be selected accordingly to ensure that after a first focus point 36 diverging
  • Focusing mirror 29 with a plurality of reflector surface portions, each having different radii of curvature, is also conceivable to allow instead of a single "second focus point" 40, the focusing of the part 37 of the laser radiation to a plurality of other focus points.
  • FIG. 2 shows a sectional view of part of a laser ignition device 20, which in the present case has a laser spark plug 22 and a laser spark plug 22 arranged thereon
  • Prechamber 42 includes.
  • the pre-chamber 42 comprises an antechamber wall 45 with an inner surface 47.
  • two overflow channels 43 of the prechamber 42 and two ignition flares 49 emerging therefrom are visible.
  • the laser spark plug 22 includes (in the drawing of Figure 2 from left to right) provided for the local generation of laser radiation
  • the expansion lens 46 can also be designed to be adjustable in order to allow flexible shaping of the beam cross section of the laser radiation passing through it. Adjustability can on the one hand comprise an axial displaceability (right, left in FIG. 2) of the element 46 or also a change in the geometry or focal length etc. of the widening lens 46 or a combination thereof.
  • a combustion chamber wall 52 provides a Limiting the combustion chamber 18.
  • the focusing mirror 29 is as a
  • Prechamber 42 is formed.
  • Arrows 38 indicate an (outer) course of the laser radiation 34, as seen in the laser spark plug 22 and an inner space 53 of the pre-chamber 42 by the focusing of the focusing lens 28 and the
  • a radius, not designated in FIG. 2, of the focusing mirror 29 is approximately 10 mm.
  • the laser radiation 34 (laser pulse) is generated in the solid-state laser 44, which emerges from the solid-state laser 44 approximately substantially parallel.
  • the laser radiation 34 is widened and in the following in the beam direction
  • Focusing lens 28 bundled so that after passing through the combustion chamber window 48, the laser radiation 34 strikes the first focus point 36.
  • a second focal point 40 is additionally generated by the reflection of the laser radiation 34 on the focusing mirror 29 by the laser radiation 34 not passing all its energy through the first focal point 36 emits to the fuel-air mixture or to a resulting at the location of the focal point 36 plasma.
  • the use of two focal points according to the invention is particularly advantageous for rapid ignition when the prechamber is not or not sufficiently rinsed.
  • the elements of the optical system 26 may, for example, also be dimensioned such that the energy deposited in a plasma present in the region of the focus points 36 and 40 or the energy density is different.
  • the energy deposited in a plasma present in the region of the focus points 36 and 40 or the energy density is different.
  • Focus point 40 a stronger or faster ignition done than the first Focus point 36. This advantageously results in a variety of ways to optimize the ignition of the fuel-air mixture.
  • means may be provided to vary the distance between the expansion lens 46 and the focusing lens 28.
  • the widening lens 46 and / or the focusing lens 28 can be designed with a variable radius of curvature, so that the properties of the optical system 26 can be changed in a targeted manner.
  • so-called "liquid lenses” or membrane lenses can be used for this purpose. However, this is not shown in the drawing.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Lasers (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système d'allumage à laser (20) destiné à un moteur à combustion interne et comprenant une bougie d'allumage laser (22) et un système optique (26) qui est monté en aval de ladite bougie d'allumage laser (22) et conçu pour focaliser le rayonnement laser (34) émis par la bougie d'allumage laser (2) sur un premier point focal (36) et pour focaliser sur un deuxième point focal (40) une partie du rayonnement laser (34) allant au-delà du premier point focal (36).
PCT/EP2011/054326 2010-05-05 2011-03-22 Système d'allumage à laser pour un moteur à combustion interne WO2011138087A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102010028588A DE102010028588A1 (de) 2010-05-05 2010-05-05 Laserzündeinrichtung für eine Brennkraftmaschine
DE102010028588.9 2010-05-05

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2011138087A2 true WO2011138087A2 (fr) 2011-11-10
WO2011138087A3 WO2011138087A3 (fr) 2012-07-19

Family

ID=44312339

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2011/054326 WO2011138087A2 (fr) 2010-05-05 2011-03-22 Système d'allumage à laser pour un moteur à combustion interne

Country Status (2)

Country Link
DE (1) DE102010028588A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2011138087A2 (fr)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3045715A1 (fr) 2015-01-16 2016-07-20 Caterpillar Energy Solutions GmbH Ensemble chambre de précombustion à allumage laser
EP3045713A1 (fr) 2015-01-16 2016-07-20 Caterpillar Energy Solutions GmbH Ensemble chambre de précombustion à allumage laser
RU2612188C1 (ru) * 2016-01-29 2017-03-02 Николай Борисович Болотин Система зажигания дизельного двигателя и лазерная свеча зажигания
US10584639B2 (en) 2014-08-18 2020-03-10 Woodward, Inc. Torch igniter
US11421601B2 (en) 2019-03-28 2022-08-23 Woodward, Inc. Second stage combustion for igniter

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102008004919A1 (de) 2008-01-18 2009-07-23 Ufermann, Rüdiger Laserzündung mit variablen Zündpunkt für Brennkraftmaschinen

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5581272A (en) * 1978-12-14 1980-06-19 Nissan Motor Co Ltd Ignition apparatus for internal combustion engine
US4434753A (en) * 1981-05-18 1984-03-06 Nippon Soken, Inc. Ignition apparatus for internal combustion engine
US5756924A (en) * 1995-09-28 1998-05-26 The Regents Of The University Of California Multiple laser pulse ignition method and apparatus
US6305929B1 (en) * 1999-05-24 2001-10-23 Suk Ho Chung Laser-induced ignition system using a cavity
JP2006329116A (ja) * 2005-05-27 2006-12-07 Nissan Motor Co Ltd 燃料改質エンジン
DE102006015600A1 (de) * 2006-04-04 2007-10-11 Ufermann, Rüdiger Laser-Zündkerze mit variablem oder fixem Zündpunkt
JP4772579B2 (ja) * 2006-04-25 2011-09-14 川崎重工業株式会社 レーザ多点着火装置

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102008004919A1 (de) 2008-01-18 2009-07-23 Ufermann, Rüdiger Laserzündung mit variablen Zündpunkt für Brennkraftmaschinen

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10584639B2 (en) 2014-08-18 2020-03-10 Woodward, Inc. Torch igniter
EP3045715A1 (fr) 2015-01-16 2016-07-20 Caterpillar Energy Solutions GmbH Ensemble chambre de précombustion à allumage laser
EP3045713A1 (fr) 2015-01-16 2016-07-20 Caterpillar Energy Solutions GmbH Ensemble chambre de précombustion à allumage laser
RU2612188C1 (ru) * 2016-01-29 2017-03-02 Николай Борисович Болотин Система зажигания дизельного двигателя и лазерная свеча зажигания
US11421601B2 (en) 2019-03-28 2022-08-23 Woodward, Inc. Second stage combustion for igniter
US11965466B2 (en) 2019-03-28 2024-04-23 Woodward, Inc. Second stage combustion for igniter

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2011138087A3 (fr) 2012-07-19
DE102010028588A1 (de) 2011-11-10

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