EP0697941B2 - Verfahren zur wiedergewinnung von spänen und fasern aus holzwerkstoffreststücken, altmöbeln, produktionsrückständen, abfällen und anderen holzwerkstoffhaltigen materialien - Google Patents
Verfahren zur wiedergewinnung von spänen und fasern aus holzwerkstoffreststücken, altmöbeln, produktionsrückständen, abfällen und anderen holzwerkstoffhaltigen materialien Download PDFInfo
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- EP0697941B2 EP0697941B2 EP95913030A EP95913030A EP0697941B2 EP 0697941 B2 EP0697941 B2 EP 0697941B2 EP 95913030 A EP95913030 A EP 95913030A EP 95913030 A EP95913030 A EP 95913030A EP 0697941 B2 EP0697941 B2 EP 0697941B2
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- wood
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- 229920001807 Urea-formaldehyde Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 claims description 90
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 89
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 claims description 74
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- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 16
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
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- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
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- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 4
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
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- UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-Diphenylmethane Diisocyanate Chemical compound C1=CC(N=C=O)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1 UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000538 Poly[(phenyl isocyanate)-co-formaldehyde] Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002522 Wood fibre Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- PPBAJDRXASKAGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;urea Chemical compound N.NC(N)=O PPBAJDRXASKAGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
- B27N1/00—Pretreatment of moulding material
- B27N1/003—Pretreatment of moulding material for reducing formaldehyde gas emission
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
- B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
- B27N3/007—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres and at least partly composed of recycled material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
- B27N1/00—Pretreatment of moulding material
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for the recovery of chips and fibers from with urea-formaldehyde binders or glued with other hydrolyzable or chemically digestible binders. Wood materials and wood-based materials, a soaking or impregnation solution for the wood-based material is added and at which the wood material pieces at elevated temperature be unlocked.
- Such a method is e.g. B. the boiling in an excess of water and the associated dissolution of particle board bound with urea-formaldehyde resin and medium-density MDF wood fiber board.
- This method is energy and cost intensive.
- the energy consumption is v. a. by boiling the excess of water strong increased.
- the chips are boiled out and thereby change their properties unfavorably. especially the Swellability increases due to the removal of wood components, while the technological properties the chips worsen.
- the binder is detached from the chips and can be re-glued no longer have a positive effect. The resulting wastewater problem and the drying effort of the chips or Fibers are significant.
- a method for the recovery of chip material is known from DE 42 24 629 A1.
- the wood-based material waste the effect of steam at high temperatures between 120 and 180 ° C and the temperatures corresponding, exposed to high pressures of 2 to 11 bar.
- the wood materials are processed in a pre-treatment step broken into small fragments and any existing metal parts are separated.
- gluing the Modified urea binders are used in this process.
- the chips become strong in addition to the temperature load mechanically damaged, d. H. shortened. Coatings and other non-chip components can also be passed through it is difficult to separate the strong pre-shredding after steam treatment.
- DE 42 01 201 A1 describes a method for recycling wood-based materials and waste known. According to this process, wood-based material remains after a corresponding mechanical Processing same new, finished semi-finished or finished products.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a method for the recovery of chips and fibers from wood material pieces to indicate that is environmentally friendly and economically feasible.
- high-quality chip and fiber material (secondary chips or secondary fibers) can be recovered. This object is achieved by the method specified in claim 1 or 2.
- the subclaims represent advantageous developments represents.
- wood material pieces are impregnated with an impregnation or soaking solution and pre-swollen until they have absorbed at least 50% of their own weight in impregnation solution.
- the impregnated wood material pieces are heated to 80 ° C to 120 ° C until the composite of chips and fibers are dissolved by the influence of the impregnation solution and the temperature, d. H. the glue joints are destroyed chemically by hydrolysis and mechanically by swelling.
- the quantity of impregnation solution and the impregnation process are so dimensioned or adjusted that on the one hand in a complete solution of the wood-based materials takes place within the specified temperature range, but on the other hand after there is no longer any free catchable liquid in the digestion, so that there is no solution to be disposed of. at the method according to the invention is a combination of chemical, thermal and mechanical Process steps. These enable the wood-based material pieces to be used with comparatively mild digestion parameters unlock and thereby recover chips and fibers in undamaged or even tempered form. This procedure is due to the use of the impregnation solution with which the material is impregnated or soaked without lye or waste water remaining after digestion.
- the secondary chips and secondary fibers are low in financial and technical Effort can be produced and can be done with and without the addition of fresh chips or fresh fibers on conventional production systems to new wood-based materials such as B. chipboard and fiberboard.
- the wood materials produced in this way have comparable or even better properties than wood-based materials made from fresh material. This applies to both the technological properties and the formaldehyde emission.
- the secondary chips and - fibers can be processed with conventional binders. Binder consumption is not increased. He lets himself even reduce by the procedure.
- the method according to claim 2 is carried out in such a way that impregnation solution is added to the wood material pieces is, in such an amount that after the solution has been completely absorbed by the wood-based material pieces, this at least Have absorbed 50% of their own weight in impregnation solution.
- this procedure is a Mixing or stirring the wood-based material pieces advantageously so that the existing solution is evenly distributed through all Wood material pieces is added. This can also be achieved with a rotating container.
- the procedure according to claim 1 provides that the wood material pieces impregnation solution in excess is added, whereby the wood material can be completely covered by the liquid. After the pieces of wood at least 50% of their own weight in liquid, the remaining liquid is drained off. she can be used as an impregnation solution for the digestion of other wood materials.
- the treated, i.e. Wood material pieces impregnated with impregnation solution are removed from the impregnation container and placed in be given a digestion tank.
- the wood-based material pieces are heated to a temperature in the range between 80 and heated to 120 ° C.
- the hydrolysis of the glue compounds takes place under the influence of temperature and the action of the impregnation solution instead of.
- a variant of the method provides that the impregnation process is already in the digestion tank takes place, and that the temperature exposure after the complete absorption of liquid by the wood material pieces or after the excess impregnation solution has been drained off can be done either under pressure (in the pressure-tightly closed digestion tank) or without pressure.
- the amount of Pressure depends on the set temperature.
- the duration of the digestion depends on the impregnation, the composition of the impregnation solution, the temperature and the heating-up time of the digestion container about 1 to 60 minutes. For example due to higher temperatures, a higher proportion of impregnation solution and a high acid content of the impregnation solution the digestion accelerates, while due to lower temperatures, less impregnation solution and a basic setting of the impregnation solution is slowed down.
- the amount of pressure used during heating begins at normal pressure and should be taken into account a digestion that is as gentle as possible should not go above two bar overpressure.
- the impregnation process is to be accelerated, it is advantageous if it is under vacuum (after evacuation of the impregnation container) or at an overpressure above normal pressure.
- a vacuum treatment Applying a vacuum of e.g. 150 mbar (absolute) to the impregnation tank) of the wood-based materials escapes from these the air contained therein. At normal pressure, this prevents the penetration of the impregnation solution and would make unlocking, especially of flat, coated wood-based materials, impossible without negative pressure.
- the cavities filled with air make up approximately 30 to 70% of the volume of wood-based materials. Relief also relieved a quick penetration of the impregnation solution into the wood material.
- Another process sequence provides that the wood material residues together with the impregnation solution in a rotating digestion tank or equipped with a mixer or agitator (the the amount of the impregnation solution added is such that none after the impregnation and the digestion there is more free, drainable impregnation solution or waste liquor that would have to be disposed of) and the digestion container is heated to a temperature between 80 and 120 ° C.
- the mechanical process takes place in this procedure the destruction of the glue compounds by swelling and the chemical decomposition by hydrolysis at the same time instead of. That the wood material pieces are simultaneously influenced by the impregnation solution and the temperature (and Pressure) exposed
- Binder components e.g. B. urea
- Binder components are not or only slightly damaged and can affect one re-gluing has a positive effect or can even be reactivated (reduction of the need for binding agents and the Formaldehyde emission).
- disturbing emissions such as occur at higher temperatures and pressures, avoided.
- the wood-based composite After the digestion, the wood-based composite is completely dissolved.
- the chips and fibers as well as the Coatings, solid wood parts, edge materials, metals and other non-chip and fiber components detached from one another and can be through a screening, a wind sifting, a combination of both, or a new one Separation processes are sorted, in particular the chip and the fiber fraction can be easily separated because the chips or fibers are significantly smaller than, for example, the coatings, which are still the size of the pre-broken Have wooden materials.
- the chips and fibers After digestion, the chips and fibers have a moisture content that that of fresh forest wood corresponds to or even lies below.
- the increased temperature of the chips after digestion has an advantageous effect drying them out.
- the recovered chip material can be separated in the usual way or with fresh chips or fibers dry.
- the recovered chips and fibers can be fresher without adding Produce chips or fibers with unmodified commercial binders chipboard and fiberboard that are the same or even have better properties than the starting material. This applies to both the technological Properties as well as for formaldehyde emission.
- a absorption of 80% of the weight of the wood-based materials in impregnation solution is special for you fast and complete digestion particularly cheap.
- the impregnation solution can be absorbed at normal temperature (Ambient temperature) and normal pressure.
- the recording can, for example, by a vacuum treatment preceding the impregnation and / or a pressure swing treatment and / or a Temperature increase of the impregnation solution and / or heating of the digestion material can be accelerated.
- the size of the wood materials to be broken down is advantageously in the range of an average edge length of at least 10 to 20 cm, which is achieved by a slowly rotating, commercially available primary crusher.
- This size helps to ensure that the chips and fibers are only slightly damaged. Also in the edge area only a few chips and fibers are damaged because the material here is due to the special, slowly rotating roller of the primary crusher mainly breaks in the glue joint.
- the coatings and others are not Chip and fiber components changed only slightly in size so that they easily separated after digestion leave because they are then much larger than the chips or fibers.
- the use of such large pieces of wood material is possible because the material is pretreated by the impregnation treatment so that it is everywhere with impregnation solution is penetrated and so by chemical influence everywhere a chemical-hydrolytic destruction of the binder can be done.
- the use of the impregnation solution opens up numerous possibilities, the digestion and especially the digestion result to control.
- the chips and fibers can even be tempered via the composition of the impregnation solution become, d. H. due to the impregnation and / or the digestion these can be better chemical and have physical properties as fresh chips.
- chipboard and medium-density fibreboard Old furniture has relatively high formaldehyde emissions and contents, it makes sense to add the urea impregnation solution, Ammonia or urea or ammonia-releasing or other formaldehyde-binding, formaldehyde-inhibiting or add formaldehyde-destroying chemicals. This will also the after digestion in the Ab and Reduced or completely avoided formaldehyde concentration released by drying air.
- lye can e.g. B. the formation of acids can be counteracted.
- Acids contained in the wood can be neutralized.
- the chips can e.g. B. can be set slightly basic. This can delay the hardening of added binders, which is of particular interest if there is a longer period between gluing and pressing. Also the spectrum of coatings for the wood-based materials made from secondary chips or fibers are also extended to such materials, that require a basic surface. By adding acids, the acid content of the recovered can be Increase chips and fibers. This allows the addition of hardeners to the binder in the Wood material production can be completely or partially dispensed with or the hardening of the binding agent can simply be done be accelerated.
- the addition of acids also has an advantageous effect if those recovered in this way Chips or fiber materials are produced, to which coatings are applied, which are acid-curing Own adhesive system. In this case the adhesive system and the application could be simplified the coating would be accelerated.
- the digestion process is also an acid addition to the impregnation solution accelerated.
- the addition of oxidizing or reducing agents is also advantageous. On the one hand, this can release something Formaldehyde are destroyed, on the other hand, for. B. by adding peroxides in urea be reactivated to a certain extent.
- Another advantageous embodiment with regard to the composition the impregnation solution is also the addition of binders such.
- paraffins for impregnation solution This affects the formaldehyde reduction or later swelling and water absorption of the secondary chips and fibers have a positive effect, and there may be another Gluing of the recovered chips and fibers after digestion can be completely or partially dispensed with. About that in addition, the chips and fibers do not need to be dried as much for further processing into plates. If the recovered chips are to be processed into fibers for fiber board production, then that is Add lignin softening chemicals such as Methanol, sulfites or ammonia make sense in the later Fiber production to save energy.
- lignin softening chemicals such as Methanol, sulfites or ammonia make sense in the later Fiber production to save energy.
- a standard impregnation solution is approx. 0.5 to 3% urea, and approx. 0.1 to 1% ammonia or approx. 0.5% sodium hydroxide solution (dissolved in water) included. Due to the chemicals contained in the impregnation solution, no wood is broken down (Delignification) can be brought about as in the production of cellulose.
- the digestion can also be carried out by adding chemicals to the digestion container during the digestion be positively influenced. So z. B. be destroyed by gassing ozone released formaldehyde.
- Old furniture, production remnants and scrap which contain chipboard and / or MDF or other wood-based materials, are broken into pieces with an edge length of 10 to 20 cm using a commercially available primary crusher (e.g. primary crusher from Pallmann or Maier).
- primary crusher e.g. primary crusher from Pallmann or Maier
- the chips and fibers as well as the coatings and edge materials are only mechanically damaged to a small extent.
- Metal, plastic and solid wood parts do not have to be separated.
- Chipboard and MDF or other wood materials can be broken down separately or mixed.
- the pre-broken wood material parts are filled into a standing or rotating Aufschiuß- / pressure vessel.
- a bulk density of about 350 to 400 kg / m 3 is achieved .
- the pressure vessel is closed and evacuated so that a negative pressure of 150 to 200 mbar (absolute) is established.
- the length of time until this vacuum is set depends on the technology used.
- the impregnation solution now added can penetrate the wood-based materials in a short time. This penetration time is about 5 to 15 minutes with chipboard and depends on the type of wood material, the negative pressure, the composition of the impregnation solution and its temperature.
- the impregnation solution consists of water, urea and sodium hydroxide solution.
- the wood material pieces are exposed to this solution until they have absorbed at least 50% of their own weight corresponding to a liquor ratio (ratio of wood materials to impregnation solution after the impregnation process has ended) of 1: 0.5. Then normal pressure is restored in the digestion tank and the impregnation solution not taken up is drained from the digestion tank. This can be used for the next digestion.
- the digestion container is then closed again and heated to 110 ° C. for about 20 minutes. The heating takes place in a relatively short time due to the free spaces between the plate pieces. After this treatment, the chips or fibers are again in their original geometric shape.
- the coatings and edge materials, as well as other undesirable components, have been removed and can be separated from the chip or fiber fraction by a subsequent screening or wind sifting or a combination of both.
- the residue can be sorted further, e.g. B. in solid wood, plastic and metal parts. These can be processed further, used thermally to generate electricity or energy, or disposed of in some other way.
- Metals can e.g. B. separated by magnets or metal detectors. Plastics and wooden parts are sorted and separated by NIR spectroscopic or other methods.
- the chips or fibers recovered can be used in the usual way without adding fresh chips or fibers Technology and commercially available, unmodified binders such.
- Example 1 As in Example 1, except that digestion material and impregnation solution are already in the desired liquor ratio a rotating digestion tank or one equipped with a stirrer or mixer. This means, there is a maximum of as much impregnation solution in the digestion container as the digestion material absorb can. The mixing and uniform absorption of the impregnation solution takes place by rotating the digestion container or the agitator or mixer.
- the digestion vessel can from the beginning, d. H. right after closing, to be heated.
- the impregnation solution has a higher temperature than the ambient temperature, preferably 60 to 80 ° C.
- the impregnation solution is formaldehyde-binding, formaldehyde-inhibiting or formaldehyde-destroying chemicals, e.g. Urea ammonia or urea or ammonia-releasing Substances are added.
- impregnating solution bases such.
- Fig. 1 is a plant for the digestion of chipboard and wood material residues according to the schematic Invention shown. The process sequence is shown schematically in FIG.
- Wood material remnants are placed on a primary crusher 2 by a wheel loader 1 or a grab excavator or another suitable device.
- the pre-crusher 2 breaks the wood materials into flat pieces with an edge length of on average 10 to 20 cm.
- the pre-broken material is then conveyed into the digestion container 3 via a suitable conveying device 17.
- the digestion container 3 also has the function of an impregnation container. After the digestion container 3 is filled, it is closed airtight. The air contained in the digestion tank 3 and the wood materials is sucked off via a vacuum pump 9 until a vacuum of about 150 to 200 mbar (absolute) has been reached.
- the impregnation solution is now led from the preparation container 4 for impregnation solution via a line 15 into the digestion container 3 until the wood materials are completely covered by the latter.
- Normal pressure is now set again in the digestion tank 3. Overpressure could also be applied to accelerate the penetration of the impregnation solution. Impregnation at normal pressure is also possible.
- the preparation tank 4 for the impregnation solution has an agitator 5 and a supply for chemicals 6 and a feed line for water 7.
- the excess impregnation solution is fed via a line 10 drained from the digestion tank 3 back into the preparation tank 4.
- the digestion container 3 is closed again in a pressure-tight manner and is now heated by means of a heat source 8 via the outer surface or by direct supply of heat by hot air, steam or another gaseous heat transfer medium. For example, a temperature of 110 ° C. is produced for 20 minutes in the digestion tank 3. The heat supply is then stopped and the digestion tank 3 is emptied by a discharge device 16. Instead of a discharge device, the digestion container could also be emptied through an opening in the lower region that extends over the entire width. The digested material is fed into a silo 11 or another suitable storage container. From there it is continuously fed to a screening machine 12.
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Dry Formation Of Fiberboard And The Like (AREA)
- Chemical And Physical Treatments For Wood And The Like (AREA)
- Debarking, Splitting, And Disintegration Of Timber (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Description
- Tabelle 1:
- Eigenschaften einer aus wiedergewonnenem Spanmaterial hergestellten Laborspanplatte, der Möbelspanplatte (Produktion 1993) aus der die Späne wiedergewonnen wurden (nach Entfernen der Beschichtung) und einer Laborspanplatte, die aus Industriespänen des Möbelspanplattenherstellers hergestellt wurde.
- Tabelle 2:
- Eigenschaften einer aus wiedergewonnenem Spanmaterial (Sekundärspäne) hergestellten Laborspanplatte, der Altmöbelspanplatte von 1964 aus der die Späne wiedergewonnen wurden (nach Entfernen der Beschichtung) und einer Labor-MDF, die aus Fasern hergestellt wurde, die durch Mahlung von wiedergewonnenen Spänen der Altmöbelspanplatte erzeugt wurden.
Möbelspanplatte ohne Beschichtung 19 mm | Laborspanplatte aus Sekundärspänen 19 mm | Laborspanplatte aus frischen Spänen 19 mm | |
Rodichte [g/cm3] | 0,703 | 0,674 | 0,673 |
E-Modul [N/mm2] | 2410 | 2460 | 2600 |
Biegefestigkeit [N/mm2] | 11,99 | 12,55 | 15,20 |
Querzugsfestigkeit [N/mm2] | 0,529 | 0,520 | 0,668 |
Abhebefestigkeit [N/mm2] | 1,10 | 1,17 | 1,27 |
Scherfestigkeit [N/mm2] | 1,71 | 1,48 | 1,70 |
Perforatorwerte [mg/100 g] | 6,8 | 5,4 | 8,1 |
Feuchte bei 20/65 [%] | 10,0 | 9,5 | 10,1 |
Altmöbelspanplatte(1964)ohne Beschichtung 19 mm | Laborspanplatte aus Sekundärspänen 19 mm | Labor-MDF aus Sekundärfasern 19 mm | |
Rodichte [g/cm3] | 0,621 | 0,712 | 0,760 |
E-Modul [N/mm2] | 3020 | 3730 | 3530 |
Biegefestigkeit [N/mm2] | 18,11 | 23,63 | 23,20 |
Querzugsfestigkeit [N/mm2] | 0,30 | 0,34 | 0,53 |
Abhebefestigkeit [N/mm2] | 1,05 | 1,20 | 1,30 |
Scherfestigkeit [N/mm2] | 1,21 | 1,33 | 1,77 |
Perforatorwerte [mg/100 g] | 14,6 | 9,5 | 2,0 |
Feuchte bei 20/65 [%] | 10,27 | 9,77 | 8,06 |
Claims (24)
- Verfahren zur Wiedergewinnung von Spänen und Fasern aus mit Harnstoff-Formaldehyd-Bindemitteln oder mit anderen hydrolysierbaren oder chemisch aufschließbaren Bindemitteln verleimten Holzwerkstoffreststücken, Altmöbeln, Produktionsrückständen, Abfällen und anderen holzwerkstoffhaltigen Materialien, bei dem in einem ersten Schritt den Holzwerkstoffstücken eine Tränk- bzw. Imprägnierlösung im Überschuß zugegeben wird,
die restliche Flüssigkeit abgelassen wird, nachdem die Holzwerkstoffstücke mindestens 50 % ihres Eigengewichtes an Tränk- bzw. Imprägnierlösung aufgenommen haben,
und bei dem die so imprägnierten- Holzwerkstoffstücke auf 80°C bis 120°C erwärmt werden, und das so aufgeschlossene Holzwerkstoffmaterial anschließend durch eine Siebung und/oder Windsichtung sortiert wird. - Verfahren zur Wiedergewinnung von Spänen und Fasern aus mit Harnstoff-Formaldehyd-Bindemitteln oder mit anderen hydrolysierbaren oder chemisch aufschließbaren Bindemitteln verleimten Holzwerkstoffreststücken, Altmöbeln, Produktionsrückständen, Abfällen und anderen holzwerkstoffhaltigen Materialien, bei dem den Holzwerkstoffstücken eine Tränk- bzw. Imprägnierlösung zugegeben wird, die so bemessen ist, daß die gesamte Flüssigkeit durch die Holzwerkstoffstücke aufgenommen wird, wenn die Holzwerkstoffstücke mindestens 50 % ihres Eigengewichtes an Tränk- bzw. Imprägnierlösung aufgenommen haben,
und bei dem die so imprägnierten Holzwerkstoffstücke auf 80°C bis 120°C erwärmt werden, und das so aufgeschlossene Holzwerkstoffmaterial anschließend durch eine Siebung und/oder Windsichtung sortiert wird. - Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Imprägnierung in einem Imprägnierbehälter stattfindet und daß die imprägnierten Holzwerkstoffstücke in einem anderen Behälter, dem Aufschlußbehälter der Temperatureinwirkung ausgesetzt werden.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Imprägnierung und die Temperatureinwirkung im Aufschlußbehälter (3) stattfinden.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Imprägnierung und die Temperatureinwirkung gleichzeitig stattfinden.
- Verfahren nach einem der vorangegangenen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Holzwerkstoffstücke flächig sind und eine Kantenlänge von mindestens 10 bis 20 cm aufweisen.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4 und 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Imprägnierung mindestens 1 Minute dauert.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Temperatureinwirkung mindestens eine Minute dauert.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Imprägnier- oder Aufschlußbehälter (3) ein rotierender Behälter ist, oder daß er mit einem Mischoder Rührwerk (16) ausgestattet ist zum Durchmischen der Holzwerkstoffstücke und der Imprägnierlösung.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1, 3, 4, 6 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß den Holzwerkstoffstücken soviel Imprägnierlösung zugegeben wird, daß das gesamte Holzwerkstoffmaterial dadurch bedeckt ist.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Verfahren in einem stehenden Behälter durchgeführt wird.
- Verfahren nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in dem Aufschlußbehälter (3) ein Überdruck bis 2 bar herrscht.
- Verfahren nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Holzwerkstoffstücke einen Anteil an Imprägnierlösung in Höhe von 80 % ihres Eigengewichtes aufweisen und einer Temperatur von 110°C für 20 Minuten ausgesetzt werden.
- Verfahren nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Temperatureinwirkung bei Normaldruck durchgeführt wird.
- Verfahren nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Imprägnierung mit Imprägnierlösung bei einem unter Normaldruck liegenden Unterdruck bzw. nach einer Unterdruckbehandlung (Evakuierung) der Holzwerkstoff stücke stattfindet.
- Verfahren nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Imprägnierung mit Imprägnierlösung bei einem über Normaldruck liegenden Überdruck stattfindet.
- Verfahren nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Imprägnierung mit Imprägnierlösung unter einer Kombination von Unter- und Überdruck stattfindet.
- Verfahren nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Holzwerkstoffstücke vor dem Imprägnieren erwärmt werden.
- Verfahren nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Imprägnierlösung vor dem Imprägniervorgang erwärmt wird, vorzugsweise auf eine Temperatur bis 80°C.
- Verfahren nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Imprägnierlösung formaldehydbindende, formaldehydinhibierende oder formaldehydzerstörende Chemikalien wie Harnstoff, Ammoniak oder Harnstoff bzw. Ammoniak abspaltende Chemikalien zugesetzt werden.
- Verfahren nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Imprägnierlösung Laugen wie z.B. Natronlauge, Säuren wie z.B. Schwefelsäure, Oxydations- oder Reduktionsmittel, Bindemittel wie z.B. Harnstoffformaldehydharze, bindemittelkonservierende oder bindemittelaktivierende Substanzen, alle Chemikalien in einer Gesamtkonzentration bis zu 30 %, zugegeben werden.
- Verfahren nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß während des Aufschlusses Chemikalien in den Aufschlußbehälter (3) zugegeben werden.
- Verfahren nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß während des Aufschlusses mit einem Temperaturprofil gearbeitet wird, z.B. einer zunächst höheren und dann absinkenden Temperatur.
- Verfahren nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die wiedergewonnenen Späne bzw. Fasern nach dem Aufschluß im noch feuchten, angetrockneten oder getrockneten Zustand mit Chemikalien nach den Ansprüchen 21 und/oder 22 behandelt werden.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE4408788 | 1994-03-15 | ||
DE4408788 | 1994-03-15 | ||
PCT/DE1995/000360 WO1995024998A1 (de) | 1994-03-15 | 1995-03-14 | Verfahren zur wiedergewinnung von spänen und fasern aus holzwerkstoffreststücken, altmöbeln, produktionsrückständen, abfällen und anderen holzwerkstoffhaltigen materialien |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP0697941A1 EP0697941A1 (de) | 1996-02-28 |
EP0697941B1 EP0697941B1 (de) | 1997-08-27 |
EP0697941B2 true EP0697941B2 (de) | 2002-07-17 |
Family
ID=6512857
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP95913030A Expired - Lifetime EP0697941B2 (de) | 1994-03-15 | 1995-03-14 | Verfahren zur wiedergewinnung von spänen und fasern aus holzwerkstoffreststücken, altmöbeln, produktionsrückständen, abfällen und anderen holzwerkstoffhaltigen materialien |
Country Status (11)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5804035A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0697941B2 (de) |
JP (1) | JP3609414B2 (de) |
KR (1) | KR100353308B1 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE157298T1 (de) |
CA (1) | CA2162894C (de) |
DE (2) | DE19509152A1 (de) |
DK (1) | DK0697941T4 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2107311T5 (de) |
GR (1) | GR3025090T3 (de) |
WO (1) | WO1995024998A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (27)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19622421A1 (de) * | 1996-06-04 | 1997-12-11 | Fraunhofer Ges Forschung | Verfahren zur Aufbereitung von Altholz |
DE19619792A1 (de) * | 1996-05-15 | 1997-11-20 | Andreas Mohr | Verfahren zur Wiederverwertung von schutzmittelbehandeltem Altholz |
AT405038B (de) * | 1996-08-27 | 1999-04-26 | Funder Ind Ges M B H | Verfahren zur aufbereitung von faserplattenabfällen |
DE19637909A1 (de) * | 1996-09-18 | 1998-03-19 | Infan Ingenieurgesellschaft Fu | Verfahren zur Verwertung von Altholz |
DE19640503C1 (de) * | 1996-10-01 | 1998-05-20 | Formaplan Holzwerkstoffe Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Gewinnung von Sekundärspänen und -fasern |
DE19653067A1 (de) * | 1996-11-25 | 1998-06-04 | Nolte Gmbh & Co Kg Spanplatten | Verfahren zur Wiedergewinnung und Weiterverarbeitung spanförmiger Holzwerkstoffe |
GB9625068D0 (en) * | 1996-12-02 | 1997-01-22 | Marlit Ltd | Method for production of lignocellulosic composite materials |
DE19751326C2 (de) * | 1997-11-19 | 2001-01-04 | Pfleiderer Unternehmensverwalt | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Holzwerkstoffen unter Verwertung von Gebraucht-, Rest- und Abfallholzwerkstoffen |
EP1052021A1 (de) | 1999-05-06 | 2000-11-15 | von Deym, Carl-Ludwig, Graf | Sortier- und Trennverfahren und Anlage für ein Recycling von Kunstoffen |
GB9913074D0 (en) * | 1999-06-04 | 1999-08-04 | Adhesives Research Insitute Lt | Method for extracting and recycling waste contaminated wood |
DE19945466B4 (de) * | 1999-09-22 | 2004-09-23 | Pfleiderer Ag | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Aufschluss von Holzwerkstoffen |
GB9928554D0 (en) * | 1999-12-02 | 2000-02-02 | Enigma Nv | Production of high added value products from wastes |
AUPR245101A0 (en) * | 2001-01-10 | 2001-02-01 | Silverbrook Research Pty Ltd | A method (WSM04) |
DE10124717A1 (de) | 2001-05-19 | 2002-11-21 | Rolf Hesch | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Zerlegung von Altstoffen in wiederverwendbare Bestandteile, insbesondere zum Recycling von Holzwerkstoffen, Altmöbeln, Kfz-Verbundwerkstoffen und ähnlichen Produkten |
DE10144793A1 (de) * | 2001-09-12 | 2003-03-27 | Fraunhofer Ges Forschung | Verfahren zur Wiedergewinnung von Spänen und Fasern aus Holzwerkstoffreststücken |
DE10216954B4 (de) * | 2002-04-17 | 2004-10-07 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Verfahren zur Wiedergewinnung von Spänen und Fasern aus Holzwerkstoffreststücken und Anlage zur Weiterbehandlung der durch Aufschluss erzielten Späne |
CA2532346A1 (en) * | 2003-07-16 | 2005-01-27 | Fira International Limited | Recycling of lignocellulose based board materials |
JP4592589B2 (ja) * | 2003-09-26 | 2010-12-01 | ヘキソン スペシャルティ ケミカルズ インコーポレーテッド | 徐放性硬化系 |
US20110060077A1 (en) * | 2009-09-10 | 2011-03-10 | Yeng-Fong Shih | Process for Manufacturing High-Performance Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites |
EP3881994B1 (de) * | 2019-03-26 | 2022-06-22 | Flooring Technologies Ltd. | Recycelbares holzwerkstoffprodukt, insbesondere ein recycelbares dekoratives laminat auf holzwerkstoffbasis |
IT201900014682A1 (it) | 2019-08-12 | 2021-02-12 | Fantoni Arredamenti Spa | Pannello in fibra di legno e relativo impianto e metodo di realizzazione |
US20240009720A1 (en) * | 2019-10-17 | 2024-01-11 | Covestro (Netherlands) B.V. | Method to enable recycling of a panel |
RU2735099C1 (ru) * | 2019-12-23 | 2020-10-28 | федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Казанский национальный исследовательский технологический университет" (ФГБОУ ВО "КНИТУ") | Способ утилизации железнодорожных древесных шпал |
BE1028121B1 (nl) | 2020-03-03 | 2021-10-06 | Unilin | Proces voor de productie van spaanplaat of houtvezelplaat |
AT524158B1 (de) * | 2020-09-09 | 2023-01-15 | Andritz Ag Maschf | Verfahren zur wiederverwendung von fasern aus beschichteten mdf-platten |
BE1029722B1 (nl) | 2021-08-31 | 2023-03-28 | Flooring Ind Ltd Sarl | Proces voor de productie van houtvezelplaat |
CA3226768A1 (en) | 2021-08-31 | 2023-03-09 | Geert Coudenys | Process for the production of wood fiberboard |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1201045B (de) * | 1962-04-09 | 1965-09-16 | Alf Goeran Sandberg | Verfahren zur Wiedergewinnung von Span-material aus mit ausgehaerteten Bindemitteln durchsetzten Abfaellen, Saegespaenen, Mull usw., zur Herstellung von Spanplatten und aehnlichen geleimten oder gepressten Erzeugnissen |
DE4222178C2 (de) * | 1992-07-06 | 1994-12-15 | Werzalit Ag & Co | Vorrichtung zur Vorbehandlung von lignozellulosehaltigen Spänen |
DE4224629A1 (de) * | 1992-07-25 | 1994-01-27 | Pfleiderer Unternehmensverwalt | Verfahren zum Recycling von Holzwerkstoffen |
-
1995
- 1995-03-14 WO PCT/DE1995/000360 patent/WO1995024998A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 1995-03-14 DK DK95913030T patent/DK0697941T4/da active
- 1995-03-14 CA CA002162894A patent/CA2162894C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-03-14 KR KR1019950705107A patent/KR100353308B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-03-14 DE DE19509152A patent/DE19509152A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1995-03-14 JP JP52378295A patent/JP3609414B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-03-14 ES ES95913030T patent/ES2107311T5/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-03-14 DE DE59500559T patent/DE59500559D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-03-14 EP EP95913030A patent/EP0697941B2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-03-14 AT AT95913030T patent/ATE157298T1/de active
- 1995-03-14 US US08/553,245 patent/US5804035A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1997
- 1997-10-20 GR GR970402731T patent/GR3025090T3/el unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0697941A1 (de) | 1996-02-28 |
DE59500559D1 (de) | 1997-10-02 |
DK0697941T3 (da) | 1998-04-20 |
JP3609414B2 (ja) | 2005-01-12 |
DE19509152A1 (de) | 1995-10-26 |
GR3025090T3 (en) | 1998-01-30 |
JPH08510419A (ja) | 1996-11-05 |
CA2162894C (en) | 2003-12-09 |
DK0697941T4 (da) | 2002-11-04 |
WO1995024998A1 (de) | 1995-09-21 |
US5804035A (en) | 1998-09-08 |
CA2162894A1 (en) | 1995-09-21 |
ES2107311T3 (es) | 1997-11-16 |
EP0697941B1 (de) | 1997-08-27 |
ES2107311T5 (es) | 2003-02-16 |
KR960702376A (ko) | 1996-04-27 |
ATE157298T1 (de) | 1997-09-15 |
KR100353308B1 (ko) | 2002-12-28 |
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