EP0677162A1 - Chargiergestell für das brennen von gegenständen aus keramischen und glaskeramischen werkstoffen. - Google Patents
Chargiergestell für das brennen von gegenständen aus keramischen und glaskeramischen werkstoffen.Info
- Publication number
- EP0677162A1 EP0677162A1 EP94930222A EP94930222A EP0677162A1 EP 0677162 A1 EP0677162 A1 EP 0677162A1 EP 94930222 A EP94930222 A EP 94930222A EP 94930222 A EP94930222 A EP 94930222A EP 0677162 A1 EP0677162 A1 EP 0677162A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- frame
- parts
- charging
- dispersion
- ceramic
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D5/00—Supports, screens, or the like for the charge within the furnace
- F27D5/0006—Composite supporting structures
Definitions
- the invention relates to a charging rack for receiving shaped bodies made of ceramic and glass-ceramic materials in a furnace, in particular a roller kiln, fired ⁇ the wherein the charging rack is in the form of a grate, as well as from a composite of several parts frame and a plurality of support members consists and wherein the parts of the charging frame are made of refractory materials.
- Ceramic materials consist of raw materials containing clay; They are processed into ceramic objects (e.g. dishes, sanitary ceramics, building material ceramics) by molding at room temperature and subsequent firing.
- Glass-ceramic materials consist of glasses that are processed into glass-ceramic objects after shaping and subsequent heat treatment. During heat treatment, partial, controlled devitrification occurred through partial crystallization.
- the firing or heat treatment of ceramic and glass-ceramic materials takes place at temperatures of 800 to 2000 ° C, preferably 1000 to 1400 ° C, in ovens that work both in batch mode and continuously.
- the objects formed from ceramic or glass-ceramic materials are in many cases arranged on charging racks, which are then introduced into the furnace and removed from the furnace after the firing process has been completed. Charging racks of this type have proven particularly suitable for continuous furnace operation, which is preferably carried out in roller furnaces, since they protect the moldings from damage during the furnace travel and facilitate the handling of the moldings.
- Known charging frames are preferably made of ceramic material, such as cordierite or mullite, and have the shape of plates. These charging racks must be slowly heated up and cooled down because they have low thermal shock stability. This material property disadvantageously extends the continuous process of the firing process.
- the known charging racks made of conventional metallic materials have a low corrosion resistance and high temperature resistance, which has an adverse effect on their service life. Because of their low high-temperature strength, the charging racks made from conventional metallic materials must also have a high construction weight, which has a negative effect on the energy balance of the kiln.
- the object of the invention is to create a charging frame which has a low construction weight, has a long service life, is corrosion-resistant and can be heated and cooled quickly in the course of the firing process.
- the object on which the invention is based is achieved in that the parts of the frame of the charging frame made of a dispersion-hardened iron or nickel-based alloy and the carrier parts of the charging frame made of the same dispersion-hardened iron or nickel-based alloy or of silicon carbide, an oxide ceramic material, a superalloy or are made of steel.
- the individual carrier parts of the charging frame which is designed as a grate, have suitable surfaces for the molded parts to be fired.
- the forces emanating from the mass of the individual carrier parts and the mass of the shaped bodies arranged on the carrier parts are introduced into the frame of the charging frame, which consists of a material that has a very high heat resistance and therefore has a relatively low weight.
- the individual carrier parts also have a low weight because they only have to carry a small number of shaped bodies. Since the size of the carrier parts is limited, they can also be made from silicon carbide, an oxide-ceramic material (material which is made from oxides, with the exception of SiO 2, and oxide compounds by ceramic methods), a superalloy or from steel, the steel should only be used at low firing temperatures (e.g.
- the charging rack which consists entirely or partially of a dispersion-hardened iron-based alloy, is preferably used at firing temperatures of 1000 to 1400 ° C.
- the charging rack which consists entirely or partially of a dispersion-hardened nickel-based alloy, is preferably used at firing temperatures of 1000 to 1100 ° C.
- the charging rack according to the invention designed as a grate, can be made with a length and a width of up to 3 m, preferably 1.5 m. Even such large charging racks have an extremely long service life and allow rapid heating and cooling, so that they are preferably used for rapid burning processes. Their construction weight is low compared to known charging racks.
- the charging racks according to the invention have great dimensional stability, which is due in particular to the very low thermal expansion coefficients of the materials used to produce the charging racks and to the design as a rust.
- the charging racks have good corrosion properties.
- the dispersion-hardened iron-based alloy contains 10 to 40% Cr, 2 to 10% Al, 0 to 5% Ti, 0 to 10% Mo, 0 to 5% W, 0.1 to 2% Al 2 0 3 , Zr0 2 , La 2 0 3 and / or Y 2 ° 3 and the rest of Fe if the dispersion-hardened nickel-based alloy contains 10 to 40% Cr, 0.1 to 4% Al, 0 to 10% Mo, 0 to 5% W, 0 to 5% Ti, 0.1 to 2% Al-O ,, Zr0 2 , L ⁇ 2 0 3 and / or Y 2 ° 3 and rest Ni contains and if the iron and nickel-based alloy by powder metallurgy -
- Dispersion hardening is caused by the oxide phase (dispersoid) embedded in the alloy lattice, which consists of Al., 0. , Zr0 2, La 2 ° 3 and / ° is the 2 ° ⁇ effected.
- the parts of the charging frame consisting of the dispersion-hardened alloys are connected to one another by welding.
- the welding is carried out according to the TIG process (welding with a non-melting tungsten electrode in an inert gas) or the MIG / MAG process (welding with melting electrodes in an inert gas, e.g. argon or an active gas, e.g. an N_ -0 2 -Gemlsch). Both welding processes are known per se.
- the carrier parts which consist of silicon carbide, an oxide ceramic material, a superalloy or steel
- mechanical connecting means which are in particular detachable (e.g. rivets, screws, Connectors).
- detachable e.g. rivets, screws, Connectors.
- Fig. I charging frame, the frame and support parts consist of a dispersion-hardened iron-based alloy
- Nickel-based alloy and its carrier parts consist of Al_0 3 ,
- I consists of a frame which is formed by the frame parts (la) to (ld) and (2a) to (2e).
- the frame parts (la) to (ld) have a rectangular shape and are provided with two bores one above the other through which the frame parts (2a) to (2d) are guided.
- the frame parts (2a) to (2d) have a circular cross section.
- the charging frame has five carrier parts (3a) to (3e), which are shaped as U-profiles.
- the legs of each U-profile have two bores one above the other in which the frame parts (2a) to (2d) are guided.
- the base of each U-profile has a hole in the center through which the frame part (2e) is guided.
- the charging rack shown in Fig. I is in the form of a grate. All parts of the charging frame consist of a dispersion-hardened iron-based alloy containing 19% Cr, 5.5% Al, 0.5% Ti, 0.5% Y 2 0 3 and the rest iron. The individual parts of the charging frame are manufactured by powder metallurgy by mechanical alloying of the alloy components, subsequent hot compression of the alloy and subsequent forming. Mechanical alloying is done in one
- Protective gas atmosphere made of hydrogen which improves the weldability of the individual parts of the charging frame. All parts of the charging frame are welded together.
- the charging frame has a weight of 2 kg and can accommodate molded ceramic parts with a total weight of 4 kg. Due to the very good thermal shock stability
- the dispersion-hardened material used to manufacture the charging frame reduces the firing time for the ceramic molded parts by 4.5 hours (from the cold state to the cold state). With a known charging frame made of ceramic material, a burning time of 20 hours is required. Even after operating times of more than 1000 hours, the charging rack according to the invention shows no damage caused by corrosion, although the furnace atmosphere has an increased content of sulfur and fluorine compounds during the firing process.
- the charging rack is suitable for firing processes that are carried out at 1100 to 1400 ° C. It is possible to equip the charging rack shown in FIG. I with more than five carrier parts. In addition, the design of the support parts as a U-profile allows several charging racks to be stacked one on top of the other.
- the charging frame shown in Fig. II consists of a frame which is formed by the frame parts (4a) to (4d) and (5a) and (5b).
- the frame parts (4a) to (4d) have a rectangular shape and each have a recess in which the frame parts (5a) and (5b) are guided, which have a circular cross section.
- the frame parts consist of a dispersion-hardened nickel-based alloy which contains 20% Cr, 0.3% Al, 0.5% Ti, 0.6% Y 2 0 3 and the rest of nickel and which is produced by powder metallurgy using hydrogen as a protective gas . All frame parts are welded together.
- the carrier parts (6a, 6b, 6c) consist of Al 2 0 and have the shape of a T, the horizontal surface being used as a receiving surface for the ceramic molded parts to be fired.
- the carrier parts (6a, 6b, 6c) are connected to the frame parts (5a) and (5b) in such a way that grooves are made in the rod-shaped frame parts (5a) and (5b) which extend perpendicularly over half the cross-section of the rod-shaped frame parts (5a) and (5b) . In these grooves, the vertical piece of the T-shaped support part is inserted so far that the horizontal piece of the T has contact with the rod-shaped frame part. This connection has a sufficiently high strength and ensures the required operational safety.
- the charging rack shown in Fig. II can be used advantageously at firing temperatures of about 1000 ° C. It is possible to stack several of these charging racks on top of each other.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Furnace Charging Or Discharging (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Tunnel Furnaces (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE4337189A DE4337189C2 (de) | 1993-10-30 | 1993-10-30 | Chargiergestell für das Brennen von Gegenständen aus keramischen und glaskeramischen Werkstoffen |
DE4337189 | 1993-10-30 | ||
PCT/EP1994/003505 WO1995012796A1 (de) | 1993-10-30 | 1994-10-25 | Chargiergestell für das brennen von gegenständen aus keramischen und glaskeramischen werkstoffen |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0677162A1 true EP0677162A1 (de) | 1995-10-18 |
EP0677162B1 EP0677162B1 (de) | 1997-10-01 |
Family
ID=6501488
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP94930222A Expired - Lifetime EP0677162B1 (de) | 1993-10-30 | 1994-10-25 | Chargiergestell für das brennen von gegenständen aus keramischen und glaskeramischen werkstoffen |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5667379A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0677162B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JPH08510046A (de) |
AT (1) | ATE158858T1 (de) |
DE (2) | DE4337189C2 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2108492T3 (de) |
WO (1) | WO1995012796A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
ATE258299T1 (de) * | 1997-04-30 | 2004-02-15 | Keller H C W Gmbh | Brennhilfsmittel für dachziegel |
DE19957906A1 (de) * | 1999-12-01 | 2001-06-28 | Schunk Kohlenstofftechnik Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Faserverbund-Bauteils sowie Vorrichtung zur Herstellung eines solchen |
DE10154086A1 (de) * | 2001-11-02 | 2003-05-15 | Eisenmann Kg Maschbau | Brennhilfsmittel zum Brennen von Dachziegeln |
DE202007008520U1 (de) * | 2007-02-21 | 2008-07-03 | Dekema Dental-Keramiköfen GmbH | Brenngutträger |
US9776921B2 (en) * | 2010-07-13 | 2017-10-03 | The Belden Brick Company, Llc | Bricks and method of forming bricks with high coal ash content using a press mold machine and variable firing trays |
US20140329191A1 (en) * | 2013-05-01 | 2014-11-06 | Lindsey Elizabeth McNamara | Enhanced Bead Rack |
DE202013011806U1 (de) | 2013-05-08 | 2014-07-16 | Kgt Graphit Technologie Gmbh | Mehrteiliges Chargiergestell |
US10030910B2 (en) | 2013-10-07 | 2018-07-24 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Refractory article |
US9314136B2 (en) * | 2014-02-12 | 2016-04-19 | Benjamin Kaiser | Tiered stacking system for pans and trays |
CN104634113B (zh) * | 2015-01-24 | 2019-01-01 | 于在飞 | 一种陶瓷窑炉用碳化硅承烧板以及其制作方法 |
DE102015205020A1 (de) * | 2015-03-19 | 2016-09-22 | Schunk Kohlenstofftechnik Gmbh | Chargenträger |
US20170321964A1 (en) * | 2016-05-03 | 2017-11-09 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | High temperature ceramic support rack |
Family Cites Families (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE67216C (de) * | A. J. MOXHAM in Johnstown, Pittsburg, Pennsylvanien, V. St. A | Zusammenschweifsbares Eisenbahngeleise nebst fahrbarem Apparat zum Schwetfsen und Verlegen des Geleises | ||
US1969126A (en) * | 1931-12-08 | 1934-08-07 | Carborundum Co | Kiln furniture |
US2434852A (en) * | 1946-10-16 | 1948-01-20 | Ohio Steel Foundry Co | Grid hearth |
AT221406B (de) * | 1958-09-06 | 1962-05-25 | Ofu Ofenbau Union Ges Mit Besc | Fördereinrichtung für Öfen für den Durchsatz thermisch zu behandelnden, insbesondere keramischen Gutes |
GB1240204A (en) * | 1969-08-12 | 1971-07-21 | Acme Marls Ltd | Improvements relating to supports for pottery and the like articles during firing and like heat treatment |
ZA733126B (en) * | 1972-05-17 | 1974-04-24 | Int Nickel Ltd | Dispersion-strengthened alloys |
GB1499662A (en) * | 1974-04-02 | 1978-02-01 | Acme Marls Ltd | Support assembly for supporting pottery articles |
JPS5343023A (en) * | 1976-09-30 | 1978-04-18 | Babcock Hitachi Kk | Alloy steel |
DE2707953C2 (de) * | 1977-02-24 | 1986-12-11 | Hugo Dipl.-Phys. Dr. 5757 Wickede Balster | Hochtemperaturrost |
DE3301421A1 (de) * | 1983-01-18 | 1984-07-19 | Herbert Wittekind Keramikfabrik, 6470 Büdingen | Haltevorrichtung zum brennen keramischer formteile |
DE3434181A1 (de) * | 1984-09-18 | 1986-03-20 | Karl Dieter 6650 Homburg Kehl | Hohlstuetze mit querdurchbrechungen |
US5154984A (en) * | 1986-10-09 | 1992-10-13 | Sumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd. | Metal-ceramic composite |
JPH03232920A (ja) * | 1990-02-06 | 1991-10-16 | Daido Steel Co Ltd | 鉄/クロム分散強化合金を使用したスキッドレール |
-
1993
- 1993-10-30 DE DE4337189A patent/DE4337189C2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1994
- 1994-10-25 WO PCT/EP1994/003505 patent/WO1995012796A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 1994-10-25 ES ES94930222T patent/ES2108492T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-10-25 AT AT94930222T patent/ATE158858T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-10-25 EP EP94930222A patent/EP0677162B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-10-25 DE DE59404210T patent/DE59404210D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-10-25 JP JP7512989A patent/JPH08510046A/ja active Pending
- 1994-10-25 US US08/464,719 patent/US5667379A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO9512796A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE4337189C2 (de) | 1995-11-09 |
ATE158858T1 (de) | 1997-10-15 |
DE4337189A1 (de) | 1995-05-04 |
US5667379A (en) | 1997-09-16 |
DE59404210D1 (de) | 1997-11-06 |
WO1995012796A1 (de) | 1995-05-11 |
EP0677162B1 (de) | 1997-10-01 |
ES2108492T3 (es) | 1997-12-16 |
JPH08510046A (ja) | 1996-10-22 |
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