Classifications

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  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D207/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
  • C07D207/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
  • C07D207/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
  • C07D207/08—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hydrocarbon radicals, substituted by hetero atoms, attached to ring carbon atoms
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
  • A61P31/12—Antivirals
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  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C215/00—Compounds containing amino and hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
  • C07C215/02—Compounds containing amino and hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having hydroxy groups and amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton
  • C07C215/22—Compounds containing amino and hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having hydroxy groups and amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being unsaturated
  • C07C215/28—Compounds containing amino and hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having hydroxy groups and amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being unsaturated and containing six-membered aromatic rings
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  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C217/00—Compounds containing amino and etherified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
  • C07C217/02—Compounds containing amino and etherified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having etherified hydroxy groups and amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton
  • C07C217/04—Compounds containing amino and etherified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having etherified hydroxy groups and amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated
  • C07C217/06—Compounds containing amino and etherified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having etherified hydroxy groups and amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated having only one etherified hydroxy group and one amino group bound to the carbon skeleton, which is not further substituted
  • C07C217/08—Compounds containing amino and etherified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having etherified hydroxy groups and amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated having only one etherified hydroxy group and one amino group bound to the carbon skeleton, which is not further substituted the oxygen atom of the etherified hydroxy group being further bound to an acyclic carbon atom
  • C07C217/10—Compounds containing amino and etherified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having etherified hydroxy groups and amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated having only one etherified hydroxy group and one amino group bound to the carbon skeleton, which is not further substituted the oxygen atom of the etherified hydroxy group being further bound to an acyclic carbon atom to an acyclic carbon atom of a hydrocarbon radical containing six-membered aromatic rings
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  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C225/00—Compounds containing amino groups and doubly—bound oxygen atoms bound to the same carbon skeleton, at least one of the doubly—bound oxygen atoms not being part of a —CHO group, e.g. amino ketones
  • C07C225/02—Compounds containing amino groups and doubly—bound oxygen atoms bound to the same carbon skeleton, at least one of the doubly—bound oxygen atoms not being part of a —CHO group, e.g. amino ketones having amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the carbon skeleton
  • C07C225/04—Compounds containing amino groups and doubly—bound oxygen atoms bound to the same carbon skeleton, at least one of the doubly—bound oxygen atoms not being part of a —CHO group, e.g. amino ketones having amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being saturated
  • C07C225/06—Compounds containing amino groups and doubly—bound oxygen atoms bound to the same carbon skeleton, at least one of the doubly—bound oxygen atoms not being part of a —CHO group, e.g. amino ketones having amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being saturated and acyclic
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  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C225/00—Compounds containing amino groups and doubly—bound oxygen atoms bound to the same carbon skeleton, at least one of the doubly—bound oxygen atoms not being part of a —CHO group, e.g. amino ketones
  • C07C225/02—Compounds containing amino groups and doubly—bound oxygen atoms bound to the same carbon skeleton, at least one of the doubly—bound oxygen atoms not being part of a —CHO group, e.g. amino ketones having amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the carbon skeleton
  • C07C225/04—Compounds containing amino groups and doubly—bound oxygen atoms bound to the same carbon skeleton, at least one of the doubly—bound oxygen atoms not being part of a —CHO group, e.g. amino ketones having amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being saturated
  • C07C225/08—Compounds containing amino groups and doubly—bound oxygen atoms bound to the same carbon skeleton, at least one of the doubly—bound oxygen atoms not being part of a —CHO group, e.g. amino ketones having amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being saturated and containing rings
  • C07C225/10—Compounds containing amino groups and doubly—bound oxygen atoms bound to the same carbon skeleton, at least one of the doubly—bound oxygen atoms not being part of a —CHO group, e.g. amino ketones having amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being saturated and containing rings with doubly-bound oxygen atoms bound to carbon atoms not being part of rings
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C233/00—Carboxylic acid amides
  • C07C233/01—Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms
  • C07C233/34—Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms having the nitrogen atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a hydrocarbon radical substituted by amino groups
  • C07C233/35—Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms having the nitrogen atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a hydrocarbon radical substituted by amino groups with the substituted hydrocarbon radical bound to the nitrogen atom of the carboxamide group by an acyclic carbon atom
  • C07C233/40—Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms having the nitrogen atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a hydrocarbon radical substituted by amino groups with the substituted hydrocarbon radical bound to the nitrogen atom of the carboxamide group by an acyclic carbon atom having the carbon atom of the carboxamide group bound to an acyclic carbon atom of a carbon skeleton containing six-membered aromatic rings
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  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C233/00—Carboxylic acid amides
  • C07C233/64—Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
  • C07C233/77—Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings having the nitrogen atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a hydrocarbon radical substituted by amino groups
  • C07C233/78—Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings having the nitrogen atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a hydrocarbon radical substituted by amino groups with the substituted hydrocarbon radical bound to the nitrogen atom of the carboxamide group by an acyclic carbon atom
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  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C235/00—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by oxygen atoms
  • C07C235/02—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by oxygen atoms having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and singly-bound oxygen atoms bound to the same carbon skeleton
  • C07C235/04—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by oxygen atoms having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and singly-bound oxygen atoms bound to the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated
  • C07C235/10—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by oxygen atoms having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and singly-bound oxygen atoms bound to the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated having the nitrogen atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to an acyclic carbon atom of a hydrocarbon radical substituted by nitrogen atoms not being part of nitro or nitroso groups
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  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C235/00—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by oxygen atoms
  • C07C235/02—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by oxygen atoms having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and singly-bound oxygen atoms bound to the same carbon skeleton
  • C07C235/32—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by oxygen atoms having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and singly-bound oxygen atoms bound to the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton containing six-membered aromatic rings
  • C07C235/34—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by oxygen atoms having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and singly-bound oxygen atoms bound to the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton containing six-membered aromatic rings having the nitrogen atoms of the carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms
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  • C07C235/00—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by oxygen atoms
  • C07C235/70—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by oxygen atoms having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups and doubly-bound oxygen atoms bound to the same carbon skeleton
  • C07C235/72—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by oxygen atoms having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups and doubly-bound oxygen atoms bound to the same carbon skeleton with the carbon atoms of the carboxamide groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms
  • C07C235/74—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by oxygen atoms having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups and doubly-bound oxygen atoms bound to the same carbon skeleton with the carbon atoms of the carboxamide groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of a saturated carbon skeleton
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  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C235/00—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by oxygen atoms
  • C07C235/70—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by oxygen atoms having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups and doubly-bound oxygen atoms bound to the same carbon skeleton
  • C07C235/72—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by oxygen atoms having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups and doubly-bound oxygen atoms bound to the same carbon skeleton with the carbon atoms of the carboxamide groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms
  • C07C235/76—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by oxygen atoms having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups and doubly-bound oxygen atoms bound to the same carbon skeleton with the carbon atoms of the carboxamide groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of an unsaturated carbon skeleton
  • C07C235/78—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by oxygen atoms having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups and doubly-bound oxygen atoms bound to the same carbon skeleton with the carbon atoms of the carboxamide groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of an unsaturated carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton containing rings
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  • C07C237/00—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by amino groups
  • C07C237/02—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by amino groups having the carbon atoms of the carboxamide groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the carbon skeleton
  • C07C237/22—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by amino groups having the carbon atoms of the carboxamide groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the carbon skeleton having nitrogen atoms of amino groups bound to the carbon skeleton of the acid part, further acylated
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  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C243/00—Compounds containing chains of nitrogen atoms singly-bound to each other, e.g. hydrazines, triazanes
  • C07C243/10—Hydrazines
  • C07C243/12—Hydrazines having nitrogen atoms of hydrazine groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms
  • C07C243/16—Hydrazines having nitrogen atoms of hydrazine groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of an unsaturated carbon skeleton
  • C07C243/18—Hydrazines having nitrogen atoms of hydrazine groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of an unsaturated carbon skeleton containing rings
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  • C07C243/00—Compounds containing chains of nitrogen atoms singly-bound to each other, e.g. hydrazines, triazanes
  • C07C243/24—Hydrazines having nitrogen atoms of hydrazine groups acylated by carboxylic acids
  • C07C243/26—Hydrazines having nitrogen atoms of hydrazine groups acylated by carboxylic acids with acylating carboxyl groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms
  • C07C243/30—Hydrazines having nitrogen atoms of hydrazine groups acylated by carboxylic acids with acylating carboxyl groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms to carbon atoms of an unsaturated carbon skeleton
  • C07C243/32—Hydrazines having nitrogen atoms of hydrazine groups acylated by carboxylic acids with acylating carboxyl groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms to carbon atoms of an unsaturated carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton containing rings
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  • C07C251/00—Compounds containing nitrogen atoms doubly-bound to a carbon skeleton
  • C07C251/02—Compounds containing nitrogen atoms doubly-bound to a carbon skeleton containing imino groups
  • C07C251/04—Compounds containing nitrogen atoms doubly-bound to a carbon skeleton containing imino groups having carbon atoms of imino groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms
  • C07C251/10—Compounds containing nitrogen atoms doubly-bound to a carbon skeleton containing imino groups having carbon atoms of imino groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms to carbon atoms of an unsaturated carbon skeleton
  • C07C251/16—Compounds containing nitrogen atoms doubly-bound to a carbon skeleton containing imino groups having carbon atoms of imino groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms to carbon atoms of an unsaturated carbon skeleton containing six-membered aromatic rings
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  • C07C257/00—Compounds containing carboxyl groups, the doubly-bound oxygen atom of a carboxyl group being replaced by a doubly-bound nitrogen atom, this nitrogen atom not being further bound to an oxygen atom, e.g. imino-ethers, amidines
  • C07C257/02—Compounds containing carboxyl groups, the doubly-bound oxygen atom of a carboxyl group being replaced by a doubly-bound nitrogen atom, this nitrogen atom not being further bound to an oxygen atom, e.g. imino-ethers, amidines with replacement of the other oxygen atom of the carboxyl group by halogen atoms, e.g. imino-halides
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  • C07C257/00—Compounds containing carboxyl groups, the doubly-bound oxygen atom of a carboxyl group being replaced by a doubly-bound nitrogen atom, this nitrogen atom not being further bound to an oxygen atom, e.g. imino-ethers, amidines
  • C07C257/04—Compounds containing carboxyl groups, the doubly-bound oxygen atom of a carboxyl group being replaced by a doubly-bound nitrogen atom, this nitrogen atom not being further bound to an oxygen atom, e.g. imino-ethers, amidines without replacement of the other oxygen atom of the carboxyl group, e.g. imino-ethers
  • C07C257/06—Compounds containing carboxyl groups, the doubly-bound oxygen atom of a carboxyl group being replaced by a doubly-bound nitrogen atom, this nitrogen atom not being further bound to an oxygen atom, e.g. imino-ethers, amidines without replacement of the other oxygen atom of the carboxyl group, e.g. imino-ethers having carbon atoms of imino-carboxyl groups bound to hydrogen atoms, to acyclic carbon atoms, or to carbon atoms of rings other than six-membered aromatic rings
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  • C07C257/00—Compounds containing carboxyl groups, the doubly-bound oxygen atom of a carboxyl group being replaced by a doubly-bound nitrogen atom, this nitrogen atom not being further bound to an oxygen atom, e.g. imino-ethers, amidines
  • C07C257/10—Compounds containing carboxyl groups, the doubly-bound oxygen atom of a carboxyl group being replaced by a doubly-bound nitrogen atom, this nitrogen atom not being further bound to an oxygen atom, e.g. imino-ethers, amidines with replacement of the other oxygen atom of the carboxyl group by nitrogen atoms, e.g. amidines
  • C07C257/14—Compounds containing carboxyl groups, the doubly-bound oxygen atom of a carboxyl group being replaced by a doubly-bound nitrogen atom, this nitrogen atom not being further bound to an oxygen atom, e.g. imino-ethers, amidines with replacement of the other oxygen atom of the carboxyl group by nitrogen atoms, e.g. amidines having carbon atoms of amidino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms
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  • C07C271/00—Derivatives of carbamic acids, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups, the nitrogen atom not being part of nitro or nitroso groups
  • C07C271/06—Esters of carbamic acids
  • C07C271/08—Esters of carbamic acids having oxygen atoms of carbamate groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms
  • C07C271/10—Esters of carbamic acids having oxygen atoms of carbamate groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms with the nitrogen atoms of the carbamate groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms
  • C07C271/16—Esters of carbamic acids having oxygen atoms of carbamate groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms with the nitrogen atoms of the carbamate groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms to carbon atoms of hydrocarbon radicals substituted by singly-bound oxygen atoms
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  • C07C271/00—Derivatives of carbamic acids, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups, the nitrogen atom not being part of nitro or nitroso groups
  • C07C271/06—Esters of carbamic acids
  • C07C271/08—Esters of carbamic acids having oxygen atoms of carbamate groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms
  • C07C271/10—Esters of carbamic acids having oxygen atoms of carbamate groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms with the nitrogen atoms of the carbamate groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms
  • C07C271/20—Esters of carbamic acids having oxygen atoms of carbamate groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms with the nitrogen atoms of the carbamate groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms to carbon atoms of hydrocarbon radicals substituted by nitrogen atoms not being part of nitro or nitroso groups
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  • C07C271/00—Derivatives of carbamic acids, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups, the nitrogen atom not being part of nitro or nitroso groups
  • C07C271/06—Esters of carbamic acids
  • C07C271/08—Esters of carbamic acids having oxygen atoms of carbamate groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms
  • C07C271/10—Esters of carbamic acids having oxygen atoms of carbamate groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms with the nitrogen atoms of the carbamate groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms
  • C07C271/22—Esters of carbamic acids having oxygen atoms of carbamate groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms with the nitrogen atoms of the carbamate groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms to carbon atoms of hydrocarbon radicals substituted by carboxyl groups
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  • C07C271/00—Derivatives of carbamic acids, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups, the nitrogen atom not being part of nitro or nitroso groups
  • C07C271/06—Esters of carbamic acids
  • C07C271/32—Esters of carbamic acids having oxygen atoms of carbamate groups bound to carbon atoms of rings other than six-membered aromatic rings
  • C07C271/34—Esters of carbamic acids having oxygen atoms of carbamate groups bound to carbon atoms of rings other than six-membered aromatic rings with the nitrogen atoms of the carbamate groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms
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  • C07D213/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
  • C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
  • C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
  • C07D213/24—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms
  • C07D213/54—Radicals substituted by carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
  • C07D213/56—Amides
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  • C07D215/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing quinoline or hydrogenated quinoline ring systems
  • C07D215/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing quinoline or hydrogenated quinoline ring systems having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen atoms or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
  • C07D215/16—Heterocyclic compounds containing quinoline or hydrogenated quinoline ring systems having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen atoms or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
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  • C07D239/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings
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  • C07D239/24—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
  • C07D239/28—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
  • C07D239/46—Two or more oxygen, sulphur or nitrogen atoms
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  • C07D277/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-thiazole or hydrogenated 1,3-thiazole rings
  • C07D277/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-thiazole or hydrogenated 1,3-thiazole rings not condensed with other rings
  • C07D277/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-thiazole or hydrogenated 1,3-thiazole rings not condensed with other rings having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
  • C07D277/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-thiazole or hydrogenated 1,3-thiazole rings not condensed with other rings having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
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  • C07D295/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms
  • C07D295/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring nitrogen atoms
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Definitions

• This invention relates to 1,4-diamino 2,3-dihydroxybutanes, a process to prepare these compounds, compositions comprising such compounds and a method of treating viral infection.
• Proteases are enzymes which cleave proteins at specific peptide bonds. Many biological functions are controlled or mediated by proteases and their complementary protease inhibitors. For example, the protease renin cleaves the peptide angiotensinogen to produce the peptide angiotensin I. Angiotensin I is further cleaved by the protease angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) to form the hypotensive peptide angiotensin II. Inhibitors of renin and ACE are known to reduce high blood pressure in vivo . However, no therapeutically useful renin protease inhibitors have been developed, due to problems of oral availability and in vivo stability.
• retroviruses encode a protease that is responsible for the proteolytic processing of one or more polyprotein precursors such as the pol and gag gene products. See Wellink, Arch . Virol . 98 1 (1988). Retroviral proteases most commonly process the gag precursor into the core proteins, and also process the pol precursor into reverse transcriptase and retroviral protease.
• U.S. Patent No. 4,652,552 discloses methyl ketone derivatives of tetrapeptides as inhibitors of viral proteases.
• U.S. Patent No. 4,644,055 discloses halomethyl derivatives of peptides as inhibitors of viral proteases.
• European Patent Application No. WO 87/07836 discloses L-glutamic acid gamma-monohydroxamate as an antiviral agent.
• the ability to inhibit a protease provides a method for blocking viral replication and therefore a treatment for diseases, and AIDS in particular, that may have fewer side effects when compared to current treatments.
• the topic of this patent application is 1,4-dimino-2,3-dihydroxybutanes and the development of processes for the preparation of these diols which compounds are capable of inhibiting viral protease and which compounds are believed to serve as a means of combating viral diseases such as AIDS.
• the diols of this invention provide significant improvements over protease inhibitors that are known in the art. A large number of compounds have been reported to be renin inhibitors, but have suffered from lack of adequate bio-availability and are thus not useful as therapeutic agents.
• renin inhibitors do not inhibit HIV protease.
• the structure-activity requirements of renin inhibitors differ from those of HIV protease inhibitors.
• the diols of the invention are particularly useful as HIV protease inhibitors.
• HIV protease inhibitors have been reported, but to date very few have shown activity against viral replication in human cells. This lack of cellular activity is probably due to the factors discussed above for renin inhibitors. Unlike other HIV protease inhibitors, diols disclosed herein show potent inhibition of viral replication in human cells.
• diols disclosed herein are symmetrical.
• the symmetrical diols may offer improved binding potency to the HIV protease enzyme relative to dissymmetric counterparts, and are more readily prepared from inexpensive starting materials.
• the 1,2-diol unit is one of the most ubiquitous functional groups in nature, and consequently a wealth of methods leading to its synthesis have been developed. Foremost in this arsenal are the catalytic osmylation of olefins (Behrens and Sharpless, J . Org . Chem ., (1985), 50 , 5696), ring opening of epoxides (Wai et al ., J . Am . Chem . Soc . (1989), 111 , 1123), reduction or alkylation of a-hydroxy/alkoxy carbonyls (Davis et al ., J . Org . Chem ., (1989), 54 , 2021).
• pinacol coupling is conceptually one of the simplest methods for the synthesis of 1,2-diols. Consequently, a number of methods have been developed which utilize this reaction for the preparation of these compounds.
• McMurry et al report the preparation of a 1,2-diol by pinacol coupling of a dialdehyde in the presence of TiCl3(dimethoxyethane)2Zn-Cu in dimethoxyethane (McMurry et al ., Tetrahedron Lett ., (1988), 30 , 1173).
• EP 402 646 discloses retroviral protease inhibiting compounds of the formula: A-X-B where A and B are independently substituted amino, substituted carbonyl, functionalized imino, functionalized alkyl, functionalized acyl, functionalized heterocyclic or functionalized (heterocyclic) alkyl and X is a linking group.
• R1 through R4 and R7 through R10 are independently selected from the following groups: hydrogen; C1-C8 alkyl substituted with 0-3 R11; C2-C8 alkenyl substituted with 0-3 R11; C3-C8 alkynyl substituted with 0-3 R11; C3-C8 cycloalkyl substituted with 0-3 R11; C6-C10 bicycloalkyl substituted with 0-3 R11; aryl substituted with 0-3 R12; a C6-C14 carbocyclic residue substituted with 0-3 R12; a heterocyclic ring system substituted with 0-2 R12, composed
• R12 when a substituent on carbon, is selected from one or more of the following: phenyl, benzyl, phenethyl, phenoxy, benzyloxy, halogen, hydroxy, nitro, cyano, C1-C4 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkylmethyl,C7-C10 arylalkyl, alkoxy, -NR13R14, C2-C6 alkoxyalkyl, C1-C4 hydroxyalkyl, methylenedioxy, ethylenedioxy, C1-C4 haloalkyl, C1-C4 haloalkoxy, C1-C4 alkoxycarbonyl, C1-C4 alkylcarbonyloxy, C1-C4 alkylcarbonyl, C1-C4 alkylcarbonylamino, -S(O) m R13, -so2NR13R14, -NHso2
• Suitable derivatizing agents include, but are not limited to,
• a process for the preparation of saturated 3-7 membered nitrogen containing heterocycles comprising, carrying out an intramolecular Mitsunobo reaction on a precursor molecule containing a protected nitrogen atom and a hydroxyl group separated by 2-6 atoms.
• a process for preparing an intermediate compound of the formula: comprising, carrying out an intramolecular Mitsunobu reaction on a compound of the formula: wherein: Z is COOCH2Ph.
• a process for preparing a compound of formula: comprising:
• R1 and R10 are independently selected from the following: hydrogen; C1-C6 alkyl substituted with 0-2 R11; C2-C4 alkenyl substituted with 0-2 R11; C3-C6 cycloalkyl substituted with 0-2 R11; C6-C10 bicycloalkyl substituted with 0-2 R11; aryl substituted with 0-3 R12; a C6-C14 carbocyclic residue substituted with 0-2 R12; a heterocyclic ring system substituted with 0-2 R12, composed of 5 to 10 atoms including at least one nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur atom; R3 and R8 are independently selected from the following groups: hydrogen; C1-C5 alkyl substituted with 0-2 R11; C2-C4 alkenyl substituted with 0-2 R11; C3-C6 cycloalkyl substituted with 0-2 R11; with the proviso that the total number of non-
• R1 and R10 are independently selected from the following: hydrogen; C1-C6 alkyl substituted with 0-1 R18; C2-C4 alkenyl substituted with 0-1 R18; aryl substituted with 0-1 R19; a heterocyclic ring system, substituted with 0-1 R19, selected from pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, furanyl, thienyl, pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, tetrazolyl, benzofuranyl, benzothiophenyl, indolyl, indolenyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, benzimidazolyl, piperidinyl, pyrrolidinyl,tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl, tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, or deca
• any variable for example, R1 through R17, R 2A through R 9A , m, n, p, Q, W, X, Y, Z, etc.
• its definition on each occurrence is independent of its definition at every other occurrence.
• combinations of substituents and/or variables are permissible only if such combinations result in stable compounds.
• alkyl is intended to include both branched and straight-chain saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon groups having the specified number of carbon atoms; “alkoxy” represents an alkyl group of indicated number of carbon atoms attached through an oxygen bridge; “cycloalkyl” is intended to include saturated ring groups, such as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl and cyclooctyl; and “biycloalkyl” is intended to include saturated bicyclic ring groups such as [3.3.0]bicyclooctane, [4.3.0] bicyclononane, [4.4.0]bicyclodecane (decalin), [2.2.2]bicyclooctane, and so forth.
• Alkenyl is intended to include hydrocarbon chains of either a straight or branched configuration and one or more unsaturated carbon-carbon bonds which may occur in any stable point along the chain, such as ethenyl, propenyl and the like; and "alkynyl” is intended to include hydrocarbon chains of either a straight or branched configuration and one or more triple carbon-carbon bonds which may occur in any stable point along the chain, such as ethynyl, propynyl and the like.
• Halo refers to fluoro, chloro, bromo and iodo; and "counterion” is used to represent a small, negatively charged species such as chloride, bromide, hydroxide, acetate, sulfate and the like.
• aryl or “aromatic residue” is intended to mean phenyl or naphthyl;
• carbocyclic is intended to mean any stable 5- to 7- membered monocyclic or bicyclic or 7- to 14-membered bicyclic or tricyclic carbon ring, any of which may be saturated, partially unsaturated, or aromatic.
• heterocycle is intended to mean a stable 5- to 7- membered monocyclic or bicyclic or 7- to 10-membered bicyclic heterocyclic ring which is either saturated or unsaturated, and which consists of carbon atoms and from 1 to 3 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, O and S and wherein the nitrogen and sulfur heteroatoms may optionally be oxidized, and the nitrogen may optionally be quaternized, and including any bicyclic group in which any of the above-defined heterocyclic rings is fused to a benzene ring.
• the heterocyclic ring may be attached to its pendant group at any heteroatom or carbon atom which results in a stable structure.
• heterocyclic rings described herein may be substituted on carbon or on a nitrogen atom if the resulting compound is stable.
• heterocycles include, but are not limited to, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, furanyl, thienyl, pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, tetrazolyl, benzofuranyl, benzothiophenyl, indolyl, indolenyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl or benzimidazolyl, piperidinyl, 4-piperidonyl, pyrrolidinyl, 2-pyrrolidonyl, pyrrolinyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl, tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, decahydroquinolinyl or octahydroisoquinolinyl.
• substituted means that an one or more hydrogen on the designated atom is replaced with a selection from the indicated group, provided that the designated atom's normal valency is not exceeded, and that the substitution results in a stable compound.
• stable compound or “stable structure” is meant herein a compound that is sufficiently robust to survive: isolation to a useful degree of purity from a reaction mixture, and formulation into an efficacious therapeutic agent.
• a preferred method for the preparation of compounds of formula (I) is the reductive coupling of aldehydes.
• This method utilizes a catalyst which contains vanadium(II); however, other low valent metals (such as titanium and samarium) and pinacol reagents (such as magnesium) can also be used with advantage. It is based on a process disclosed by Pederson et al . for the preparation of diols. Freudenberger, J. H.; Konradi, A. W.; Pedersen, S. F., J . Am . Chem . Soc . 1989 , 111 , 8014; and Konradi, A. W.; Pedersen, S. F., J . Org . Chem .
• the preferred catalyst is Caulton's Reagent, [V2Cl3(THF)6]2[ZN2Cl6]. Preparation of this reagent has been disclosed. Bouma et al . Inorg . Chem ., 23 , 2715-2718. The process is shown in Scheme I.
• Another aspect of the present invention is an improvement of the process disclosed by Pederson et al . for the preparation of 1,4-diamino-2,3-diols.
• the improvement results in a process which is easier to operate than that of Pederson et al ., affords reagents of higher quality and reliability than those of the method of Pederson et al ., and results in a higher yield of product than that obtained by Pederson et al .
• the catalyst is prepared by placing VCl3(THF)3 in a dry, oxygen-free flask. Zinc-copper couple is then added and the two solids are stirred vigorously. An organic solvent is then added and the mixture is stirred for about 10 minutes, resulting in a deep green solution and black suspension. Next, a solution of the aldehyde in the same solvent as that used for the catalyst, is added to the catalyst over 2-3 minutes. The progress of the reaction is monitored by Thin Layer Chromatography (silica gel with 50% hexane/ethyl acetate as eluent) until it is determined that the reaction is over. The reaction mixture is then subjected to an aqueous work-up and, if necessary, the product obtained is further purified.
• the zinc-copper couple utilized in the improved process is prepared following a known procedure, except that filtration with schlenkware was used instead of decanting solvent.
• L. Fieser and M. Fieser Reagents for Organic Synthesis , Volume I, pp. 1292-1293, Wiley,New York, 1967.
• the use of a glovebag or drybox instead of schlenkware would be equally satisfactory.
• the solvents used for the preparation of this reagent are sparged with argon for about 30 minutes before use.
• the zinc-copper couple obtained is in the form of a free-flowing black powder with a few clumps.
• the zinc-copper couple prepared in this way is superior to commercially obtained or activated zinc dust. This material reduced V(III) to V(II) in dichloromethane within 10 minutes, whereas the use of commercial zinc dust or activated zinc required several hours and frequently did not provide the color change, described above, which is characteristic of complete reduction.
• the improved reductive coupling process operates over a temperature range of from -78° to 100°C.
• the preferred range is from 0° to 40°C.
• the most preferred range is from 15° to 25°C.
• solvents are hydrocarbons, halogenated hydrocarbons and ethers. Particularly preferred are halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane and dichloroethane.
• the improved reductive coupling process may be run over a time period of 0.1 to 24 hours. It is usually run over the time period of 0.3 to 2 hours. However, as expressed above, in practice it is most desirable to moniter the progress of the reaction by thin layer chromatography.
• the glassware and reagents be dry and free of reactive gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide. Also, moisture, oxygen and carbon dioxide should be rigorously excluded from the reaction as it is carried out. To accomplish this, it is desirable to perform the reaction under an atmosphere of argon or nitrogen. It is desirable that the aldehyde(s) utilized in the improved reductive coupling process be freshly prepared or purified prior to use.
• the molar ratio of each reagent is also important.
• the process operates where the ratio of zinc-copper couple:VCl3(THF)3:aldehyde is 1-3:1-3:1 respectively.
• the preferred ratio of reagents is 1-1.5:2-2.5:1.
• the most preferred ratio is 1-1.2:2-2.2:1.
• the preferred reagents for the aqueous work-up step of the improved reductive coupling process is 10% disodium tartrate. If the product does not contain an acid-sensitive functionality 1N HCl may be used.
• 1,4-diamino-2,3-dihydroxybutanes obtained from the improved reductive coupling process can be further purified by recrystallization or chromatography or any method commonly used in organic synthesis.
• Another aspect of the present invention is a method for the stereoselective preparation of compounds of formula (1) via a modification of the method of Pederson et al .
• the reductive coupling of an aldehyde using the disclosed procedure of Pederson et al . can be expected to produce a number of stereo isomers.
• an aldehyde, such as depicted in the equation above, with s configuration at the one stereo center is used as the substrate in this reaction, three stereo isomers can be expected to form: (1s,2s,3s,4s), (1s,2r,3r,4s), and (1s,2r,3s,4s).
• One aspect of the present discovery is the surprising observation that under certain reaction conditions, e.g., changing the reaction solvent, one of these isomers is selectively produced.
• the isomer selectivity can be controlled by changing the reaction conditions. This is useful because, even though it is believed all isomers have some level of activity in inhibiting viral protease, certain isomers are more effective, and this aspect of the present invention allows for the selective preparation of the more desirable isomer..
• the practice of this aspect of the invention involves using a modified version of the reductive coupling method described by Pederson et al .
• the usual method to carry out the reductive coupling of aldehydes in the presence of Caulton's reagent is to add the reagent under inert atmosphere to a solution of the aldehyde in a nonpolar halocarbon solvent, usually dichloromethane. This procedure produces predominantly the (1s,2r,3r,4s) isomer.
• R6 not equal to H can be prepared by employing less than or equal to one molar equivalent of derivatizing agent; and the difunctionalized compounds (R5, R6 not equal to H) can be prepared by employing more than two molar equivalents of derivatizing agent.
• Suitable derivatizing agents include, but are not limited to, acyl chlorides or anhydrides, diphenyl carbonates, and isocyanates using techniques well known to those skilled in the art.
• Suitable bases are organic and inorganic bases including, but not limited to, aliphatic amines, heterocyclic amines, metal carbonates and metal hydrides.
• aldehydes will work equally well in the process shown in Scheme I and the process described above for the stereoselective synthesis of compounds of formula (1).
• the method works particularly well with aldehydes that contain an activating group 3,4 or 5 atoms distant from the aldehyde carbon, as discussed by Pederson et al .
• Aldehydes without activating groups can be coupled using higher temperatures and/or longer reaction times.
• Different aldehydes can be cross-coupled either by mixing two activated aldehydes and separating the statistical mixture of products, or by reacting an unactivated aldehyde with an activated aldehyde as discussed in the references of Pederson et al .
• the resultant compound of formula (I) is a symmetrical 1,4-diamino-2,3-dihydroxybutane.
• the resultant compound of formula (I) is an unsymmetrical 1,4-diamino-2,3-dihydroxybutane.
• Aldehydes of formula (1) and aldehydes of formula (2) can be obtained commercially or can be prepared in a number of ways well known to one skilled in the art of organic synthesis. Preferred methods include but are not limited to those described below for aldehydes of formula (1):
• Thioamides of structure (VII) and (VIII) can be made from the above protected hydroxyamides (IV) followed by treatment with a thionation reagent (Bodansky and Bodansky, The Practice of Peptide Chemistry , Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1984, Chapter II, pp. 89-150), and deprotection followed by oxidation to the aldehyde.
• a preferred thionation reagent is Lawesson's reagent, and a preferred protecting group is the 2-methoxyethoxymethyl group ( Greene, Protecting Groups in Organic Chemistry , Wiley, New York, 1981).
• Y is -CH2NR12-
• an alkylating agent such as (XIII): Wherein LG is a leaving group such as halogen or Oso2R, as is described in the art. Bodansky and Bodansky.
• the preferred method employs a tosylate or iodide as leaving group, and a secondary amine as the nucleophile, i.e., R12 is not hydrogen.
• a preferred method for the preparation of compounds wherein R12 is hydrogen is simply by LiAlH4 reduction of the amides of formula (V), if hydride-sensitive functionality is not present.
• a final preferred method is the reaction of amines (II) with aldehydes (XXXIII), followed by reduction of the imine by catalyic hydrogenation or by borohydride reduction of the intermediate imine. Removal of the protecting group, if employed, followed by oxidation (see below), provides aldehydes (XV) and (XVI).
• Gautier, Miocque and Farnoux in The Chemistry of Amidines and Imidates, Patai, Ed., Wiley, London, 1975, pp. 398-405. Alternatively, they can be reacted with amines to produce amidines (XX) as shown.
• Gautier, Miocque and Farnoux in The Chemistry of Amidines and Imidates, Patai, Ed., Wiley, London, 1975, pp. 297-301.
• Preferred halogenating reagents include phosphorous pentachloride and phosphorous oxychloride. Cleavage of the protecting group and oxidation to the aldehyde as described below produces (XXI), with the indicated Y values.
• the compounds of the invention can be prepared by reacting amine (II) with a derivatizing agent to form the isocyanate or carbamate, followed by reaction with a primary or secondary amine (XXIV), optionally in the presence of a base to produce the protected alcohol derivative (XXVI). Satchell and Satchell, Chem . Soc . Rev ., 4, 231-250 (1975).
• the compounds of the invention can be prepared by reacting amine (II) with a derivatizing agent to form the isocyanate, followed by reaction with an alcohol (XXIII) in the presence of a base to produce the protected alcohol (XXV). Cleavage of the protecting group and oxidation to the aldehyde as described below produces (XXII), with the indicated Y values.
• the alcohols or protected alcohols discussed above and represented here by formula (XXVIII), can be readily transformed to aldehydes of formulae (1) or (2).
• the alcohols represented by formula (XXVIII) can be oxidized directly to the aldehydes of formulae (1) or (2) using methods that are well known in the art. March, Advanced Organic Chemistry , Wiley, New York, 1985, pp. 1057-1060.
• the protected alcohols represented formula (XXVIII) must be deprotected prior to oxidation; this is done using methods that are well known to those in the art. For a recent review, see Tidwell, Synthesis 857 (1990).
• Preferred methods of oxidation include pyridinium dichromate, pyridinium chlorochromate, pyridine/sulfur trioxide, and activated dimethyl sulfoxide.
• the most preferred method employs dimethylsulfoxide/oxalyl chloride, also known as Swern oxidation in dichloromethane or tetrahydrofuran/dichloromethane at -60°C, followed by treatment with a base such as triethylamine. Tidwell, Synthesis 857 (1990).
• Amine (VIII) can be reacted with any of the above electrophiles, (III, IX or XIII) to form N-methoxyamide (XXIX). It is known that (XXIX) can be reduced cleanly to aldehyde by stoichiometric lithium aluminum hydride, provided that sensitive functionality is not present. Fehrentz and Lau, Synthesis 676 (1990). Finally, there are functional groups within the contemplated scope that will survive neither lithium aluminum hydride nor oxidation. In this occasion, reduction of aminoester (XXX) with one equivalent of diisobutyl aluminum hydride at low temperature, followed by quenching at low temperature, can provide an alternative to the above conditions. Kawamura et al ., Chem . Pharm . Bull . 17 , 1902 (1969).
• This invention also provides a process for the steriospecific synthesis of certain compounds of formula (I) from mannitol.
• This process is shown in Scheme II.
• steriospecific is meant this process yields one diastereomer based on the stereochemistry of the starting material.
• the process relies on the key intermediate 1,2,5,6-diepoxy-3,4-O-(alkylidene)hexane.
• This intermediate is prepared from the hexitol derivative, 2,3-O-alkylidinehexitol, which is itself derived from mannitol.
• the intermediate may be either the D- or L-stereoisomer; the choice of stereoisomer of the starting material determines the stereochemistry of the final product.
• This intermediate is prepared in two steps, by conversion of the 1,6-hydroxy groups of 2,3-O-alkylidinehexitol to suitable leaving groups, followed by reaction with a base to effect epoxide formation.
• the intermediate, 1,2,5,6-diepoxy-3,4-O-(alkylidene)hexane, thus prepared is then used to prepare certain compounds of Formula (I).
• each epoxide group of the intermediate, 1,2,5,6-diepoxy-3,4-O-(alkylidene)hexane is reacted with an organometallic reagent to give a 2,5-dihydroxy derivative.
• the resulting hydroxy groups or their derivatives are then converted to amino synthons, e.g., by reaction with azide ion in the presence of compounds such as triphenylphosphine and dialkylazodicarboxylate. This procedure gives a 2,5-diazido derivative.
• the amino synthons are converted to amino groups, e.g., by catalytic hydrogenation of azide residues.
• the amino groups are derivatized, eg., by reaction with an electrophile as shown in Scheme II.
• the alkylidine protecting group is removed to yield a product which is a compound of formula (I).
• the dihydroxy groups may be derivatized as discussed above.
• Another aspect of the present invention is the preparation of the dihydroxy intermediate, 2 in Scheme II, from the addition of a cuprate to the diepoxide intermediate, 1,2,5,6-diepoxy-3,4-O-(alkylidene)hexane, represented by formula 1 in Scheme II.
• This is a novel process which is useful for the preparation of intermediates which are themselves useful for the preparation of compounds of formula (I).
• a solution of an organometallic reagent in an organic solvent is added to a solution of a copper salt in an organic solvent in a reaction vessel. The resulting mixture is then stirred forming an organocuprate.
• the metal of the organometallic reagent can be lithium or magnesium.
• the preferred metal is lithium.
• the copper salt may be any copper salt which provides a source of copper(I).
• Preferred copper salts are copper(I) bromide, copper(I) chloride, copper(I) iodide and copper(I) bromide-dimethyl sulfide complex. Most preferred is copper(I) bromide-dimethyl sulfide complex.
• the solvent used in this process may be any aprotic solvent.
• Preferred solvents are dialkyl ethers and mixtures of dialkyl ethers with tetrahydrofuran. The solvent most preferred for use in this process is diethyl ether. The use of tetrahydrofuran by itself is not desirable. Solvents which are incompatible with this process are protic solvents.
• the reaction may be carried at over a temperature range of - 78° to 25°C.
• the preferred temperature range is -78° to -20°C.
• After adding the 1,2,5,6-diepoxy-3,4-O-(alkylidene)hexane it is desirable to stir the resultant mixture at 0°C.
• the reaction may be carried out over a time period of 5 minutes to 18 hours. The usual reaction time is between 5 minutes and 1 hour.
• the compounds provided by this aspect of the invention may be purified by any technique useful for the purification of such compounds. Preferred methods include recrystallization and chromatography.
• the intermediate represented by formula 5 in Scheme II may also be prepared according to the method shown in Scheme III.
• 1,2,5,6-diepoxy-3,4-O-(alkylidene)hexane is reacted sequentially with lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide, tetrabutylammonium fluoride and N-(benzyloxycarbonyl)succinimide to give the N-protected diaminodiol intermediate represented by formula 8 in Scheme III.
• This intermediate is then reacted with triphenylphoshine and diethyl azodicarboxylate to give the bisaziradine intermediate, 9.
• reaction of 9 with an organocuprate affords intermediate, 5, which can be further elaborated to compounds of formula (I) as shown in Scheme II.
• Another aspect of the present invention is a novel process for the conversion of the N-protected diamino diol, represented by formula 8 in Scheme III, to the bisaziridine intermediate, 9.
• the process of the present invention is analogous to the Mitsunobu reaction and may be viewed as an intramolecular Mitsunobu reaction.
• the Mitsunobo reaction is a known method for the conversion of a hydroxy group to another functional group, eg., to an amino group.
• the process of the present invention is distinguished from the known Mitsunobu reaction by being an intramolecular reaction which yields an aziridine.
• diethyl azodicarboxylate is added to a solution of the precurser molecule, e.g., compound 8 in Scheme III, and triphenylphoshine in an anhydrous organic solvent.
• the reaction is stirred and its progress is monitored by thin layer chromatography (10:1:10, ethyl acetate/ethyl alcohol/hexane) until it is complete.
• the reaction mixture is then concentrated to a small volume and the product is purified, if necessary.
• the ratio of triphenyl phosphine:diethyl azodicarboxylate:diol utilized in this process may be 1-4:1-4:1 respectively.
• a preferred ratio of reagents is 1-2:1-2:1. The most preferred ratio is 1:1:1.
• the process requires the use of a reaction solvent.
• Polar aprotic solvents may be used.
• Preferred solvents include tetrahydrofuran, benzene and toluene. The most preferred solvent is tetrahydrofuran.
• Protic solvents are incompatible with this process.
• This process operates over a temperature range of 25° to 85°C.
• the preferred temperature range is 55° to 85°C.
• the most preferred temperature range is 70° to 85°C.
• the process may be carried out over a time range of 5 minutes to 24 hours.
• the process is usually carried out over a time range of 5 minutes to 30 minutes.
• the aziridine products provided by this aspect of the invention can be further purified, if necessary, by recrystallization or chromatography.
• the compounds of formula (I) obtained by any of the above methods can be further elaborated to give other compounds of formula (I).
• compounds of formula (I) which are bis(N-CBZ)-diaminodiols can be hydrogenated to remove the CBZ protecting group and give the corresponding diaminodiol which may then be further elaborated at the amine residues.
• the hydrogenation to remove the CBZ protecting group can be carried out using any of the catalysts, solvents and reaction conditions commonly employed to effect removal of this group.
• a preferred method is to take up the bis(N-CBZ)-diaminodiol in a minimum amount of tetrahydrofuran to permit some solubility, add one volume of ethanol, and optionally 1-100° volume % acetic acid, and 0.1 weight equivalents of 10% palladium on carbon, and stir under hydrogen at ambient temperature and pressure for 24 hours, occasionally evacuating the reaction flask and refilling with hydrogen.
• the reaction mixture is worked-up using standard techniques and, if necessary, the diaminodiol obtained is further purified.
• the diaminodiols of formula (I) obtained as described above or from any other source can be further elaborated by reacting them with any one of the many known electrophiles. Coupling reactions of the diaminodiols with activated esters are a particularly useful method for elaborating these compounds. Many conditions and reagents are available to effect coupling. Some preferred methods are exemplified in the Example section.
• the diaminodiols of formula (I) can be reacted with suitably protected peptides, suitably protected amino acids or carboxylic acids in the presence of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) and 1-hydroxybenzotriazole hydrate using procedures commonly employed in peptide synthesis to give the corresponding diamidodiol.
• the diaminodiols of formula (I) can be reacted with suitably protected peptides, Suitably protected amino acids or carboxylic acids in the presence of Benzotriazol-1-yloxytris(dimethylamino)phosphonium hexafluorophosphate (BOP) to give the corresponding diamidodiol.
• the diaminodiols of formula (I) can be coupled with carbonyldiimidazole.
• the diaminodiols of formula (I) can be reacted with activated esters such as N-hydroxysuccinimide esters and p -nitrophenylesters to give the corresponding diamidodiol.
• the diaminodiols of formula (I) can be reacted with isocyanates to give the corresponding urea.
• the diaminodiols of formula (I) can be reacted with epoxides to give the corresponding addition product.
• the antiviral compounds of this invention can be administered as treatment for viral infections by any means that produces contact of the active agent with the agent's site of action in the body of a mammal. They can be administered by any conventional means available for use in conjunction with pharmaceuticals, either as individual therapeutic agents or in a combination of therapeutic agents. They can be administered alone, but generally administered with a pharmaceutical carrier selected on the basis of the chosen route of administration and standard pharmaceutical practice.
• the dosage administered will, of course, vary depending upon known factors, such as the pharmacodynamic characteristics of the particular agent and its mode and route of administration; the age, health and weight of the recipient; the nature and extent of the symptoms; the kind of concurrent treatment; the frequency of treatment; and the effect desired.
• a daily dosage of active ingredient can be expected to be about 0.001 to 1000 milligrams per kilogram of body weight.
• Dosage forms contain from about 1 milligram to about 100 milligrams of active ingredient per unit.
• the active ingredient will ordinarily be present in an amount of about 0.5-95% by weight based on the total weight of the composition.
• the active ingredient can be administered orally in solid dosage forms, such as capsules, tablets, and powders, or in liquid dosage forms, such as elixirs, syrups, and suspensions. It can also be administered parenterally, in sterile liquid dosage forms.
• Gelatin capsules contain the active ingredient and powdered carriers, such as lactose, starch, cellulose derivatives, magnesium stearate, stearic acid, and the like. Similar diluents can be used to make compressed tablets. Both tablets and capsules can be manufactured as sustained release products to provide for continuous release of medication over a period of hours. Compressed tablets can be sugar coated or film coated to mask any unpleasant taste and protect the tablet from the atmosphere, or enteric coated for selective disintegration in the gastrointestinal tract.
• powdered carriers such as lactose, starch, cellulose derivatives, magnesium stearate, stearic acid, and the like. Similar diluents can be used to make compressed tablets. Both tablets and capsules can be manufactured as sustained release products to provide for continuous release of medication over a period of hours. Compressed tablets can be sugar coated or film coated to mask any unpleasant taste and protect the tablet from the atmosphere, or enteric coated for selective disintegration in the gastrointestinal tract.
• Liquid dosage forms for oral administration can contain coloring and flavoring to increase patient acceptance.
• parenteral solutions In general, water, a suitable oil, saline, aqueous dextrose (glucose), and related sugar solutions and glycols such as propylene glycol or polyethylene glycols are suitable carriers for parenteral solutions.
• Solutions for parenteral administration preferably contain a water soluble salt of the active ingredient, suitable stabilizing agents, and if necessary, buffer substances.
• Antioxidizing agents such as sodium bisulfite, sodium sulfite, or ascorbic acid, either alone or combined, are suitable stabilizing agents.
• citric acid and its salts and sodium EDTA are also used.
• parenteral solutions can contain preservatives, such as benzalkonium chloride, methyl- or propyl-paraben, and chlorobutanol.
• Suitable pharmaceutical carriers are described in Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences , A. Osol, a standard reference text in this field.
• Useful pharmaceutical dosage-forms for administration of the compounds of this invention can be illustrated as follows:
• a large number of unit capsules are prepared by filling standard two-piece hard gelatin capsules each with 100 milligrams of powdered active ingredient, 150 milligrams of lactose, 50 milligrams of cellulose, and 6 milligrams magnesium stearate.
• a mixture of active ingredient in a digestable oil such as soybean oil, cottonseed oil or olive oil was prepared and injected by means of a positive displacement pump into gelatin to form soft gelatin capsules containing 100 milligrams of the active ingredient. The capsules are washed and dried.
• a digestable oil such as soybean oil, cottonseed oil or olive oil
• a large number of tablets are prepared by conventional procedures so that the dosage unit was 100 milligrams of active ingredient, 0.2 milligrams of colloidal silicon dioxide, 5 milligrams of magnesium stearate, 275 milligrams of microcrystalline cellulose, 11 milligrams of starch and 98.8 milligrams of lactose.
• Appropriate coatings may be applied to increase palatability or delay absorption.
• N-Carbobenzyloxyalanine (6.63 g, 29.7 mmol; Sigma Chemical Company) was dissolved in 30 mL THF in a 100 mL oven-dried flask under N2 and stirred at room temperature while adding 1,1'-carbonyl diimidazole (4.82 g, 29.7 mmol; Aldrich Chemical Company) neat. Copious bubbling occurred, indicating CO2 formation.
• the mixture was stirred 30 minutes and (s)-2-amino-1-phenylpropanol (4.5 g, 29.7 mmol; Sigma Chemical Company) was added neat. Stirring was continued for 18 hours. The mixture was poured into a separatory funnel and the flask rinsed with dichloromethane.
• Analytically pure sample can be obtained by recrystallization from EtOAc/hexane, but the aldehyde is very readily epimerized at the a-carbon, and a small amount of the S,R isomer is generally observed after workup or other manipulation. Additionally, variable amounts of aldehyde trimers oligermers may be observed if the aldehyde is exposed to strong acids in organic solvents.
• Step 1 A solution of 11.0 g (41.5 mmol) of N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-L-phenylalanine (Sigma Chemical Co., St. Louis, MO) in 100 mL of CHCl3 at 0°C was treated with 4.6 mL of N-methylmorpholine followed by 5.4 mL of isobutylchloroformate. After stirring for 10 minutes the reaction mixture was treated with 4.05 grams of N,O-dimethylhydroxylaminehydrochloride followed by 5.8 mL of triethylamine.
• N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-L-phenylalanine Sigma Chemical Co., St. Louis, MO
• Step 2 The above material was dissolved in 250 mL of ether, cooled to 0°C and treated with 9.5 grams (250 mmol) of lithium aluminum hydride. After warming to room temperature and stirring for 1 hour the reaction was quenched with a solution of 0.35 mole KHSO4 in 200 mL of water. The organic layer was separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with 200 mL of ether. The combined ether layers were washed with 2X100 mL 10% HCl, 100 mL NaHCO3 and dried over MgSO4. Upon concentration under reduced pressure, 9.8 g of a pale yellow oil was obtained which solidified upon standing in the refrigerator. The product showed NMR(CDCl3): 1.4 (s, 9H), 2.9 (m, 2H),7.2 (m,5H), 9.6 (s,1H).
• Step 1 A method similar to that reported in Organic Synthesis, volume 67, 69 (1988) was used. Thus, 9.75 grams of N,O-dimethyhydroxylamine hydrochloride in 60 mL of CH2Cl2 was cooled below 5°C and treated with 7.35 mL of triethylamine through an addition funnel to keep the temperature below 5°C This material was maintained below 5°C and added to the reaction mixture 2 minutes after the addition of 7.73 mL of methylchloroformate to a solution at -20°C of 24.9 grams of N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-L-methonine (Sigma Chemical Co., St.
• Step 2 This material was dissolved in 80 mL of ether and added to a suspension of 4.5 grams of lithium aluminum hydride in 400 mL of ether at -45°C at such a rate that the temperature remained below -35°C. Upon completion of the addition, the reaction mixture was warmed to 5°C , then cooled to -35°C and treated with 24.85 grams of NaHSO4 in 65 mL of water at such a rate that temperature was below 2°C. The resulting slurry was stirred for 1 hour and then filtered through a pad of celite.
• the celite pad was washed with 2X100 mL of ether and the combined ether layers were washed with 3X100 mL of 1N HCl, 2X100 mL NaHCO3 and 100 mL of saturated NaCl.
• the organic layer was dried over MgSO4 and concentrated under reduced pressure to yield 17.67 grams of an oil which was used without further purification.
• Example 1B had MS: cal 469.24 F 469.19.
• each of the nitrogen bearing carbon atoms is known to be S since the starting material was the L-isomer.
• the stereochemistry of the hydroxy bearing carbon atoms was determined by conversion of the diol to its corresponding oxazolidinone and measuring the coupling constant between the ring protons. See J. Med. Chem 30, 1978-83 (1987). The procedure was carried out as follows: to 100 mg of the diol, 4 mL of 4N HCl in dioxane was added and after stirring for 15 min the volatile material was evaporated by blowing nitrogen. Upon subjecting the residual product to high vacuum under KOH it was dissolved in 4 mL of CHCl3, cooled to 0°C and 0.28 mL of triethylamine was added.
• This material was shown to have the stereochemistry 1s,2r,3r,4s by the method described in Example 2A; the oxazolidinone produced showed a coupling constant of 5.5 Hz between the protons attached to oxygen and nitrogen bearing carbon atoms.
• N,N'-((2,3-dihydroxy-1,4-(phenylmethyl)-1,4-butanediyl))bisacetamide 100 mg (0.2 mM) of bis(1,1-dimethylethyl) (2,3-dihydroxy-1,4-(phenylmethyl)-1,4-butanediyl)biscarbamate, (1S,2R,3R,4S), from Example 2D, was stirred in 2 ml of 4N HCl in dioxane.
• 1,6-Di-O-(p-toluenesulfonyl)-2,3-O-isopropylidene-D-mannitol 2 A solution of 6.667 g (30 mmol) of 2,3-O-isopropylidine-D-mannitol 1 (purchased from Aldrich Chemical Co.) in 30 mL pyridine was cooled to -20°C and treated with 12.582 g (66 mmol) of p-toluenesulfonyl chloride and the stirring continued for 20 minutes at - 20°C, 20 minutes at 0°C and 20 minutes at room temperature.
• reaction mixture was diluted with dichloromethane and washed with 1N HCl and saturated NaHCO3.
• the extract after drying over anhydrous magnesium sulfate was concentrated and the residue purified (325 g, silica gel column chromatography using 2:3 EtOAc: Hexane as the eluting solvent) to provide 10.425 g (66 % yield) of compound 2.
• 1,2,5,6-Diepoxy-3,4-O-(isopropylidene)hexane 3 A solution of 10.425 g (19.65 mmol) of compound 2 in 200 mL of anhydrous methanol was cooled at 0°C and treated with 10.86 g (78.58 mmol) of K2CO3. The ice bath was removed and the contents stirred at room temperature for 20 minutes. The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was dissolved in dichloromethane and the extract was washed with water and brine.
• 2,5-Diazido-1,6-diphenyl-3,4-O-(isopropylidene)hexane 5 A solution of 900 mg (2.63 mmol) of compound 4, 2.76 g (10.52 mmol) of triphenylphosphine in 20 mL of dry tetrahydrofuran was stirred with 250 mg of molecular sieves 2A at -78°C. 22.9 mL (0.46M, 10.52 mmol) solution of hydrazoic acid in xylene was added to the above mixture and stirred for 5 minutes at -78°C. This was followed by the addition of 1.66 mL (10.52 mmol) of diethylazodicarboxylate.
• 2,5-Diazido-1,6-diphenyl-3,4-hexanediol 6 A solution of 570 mg of the mixture (as mentioned in the previous experiment) in 5 mL of ethanol and 1.67 mL of water was stirred with 1.67 g of Bio - Rad AG - 50 - W - X8 acid exchange resin at 70°C bath for 18 h. The contents were filtered and washed with methanol. The filtrate and the washings were combined and concentrated. The residue was extracted with dichloromethane and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate.
• 2,5-Diamino-1,6-diphenyl-3,4-hexanediol 7 A solution of 67 mg (0.19 mmol) of 6 in 4 mL of methanol was stirred with 30 mg of 10% palladium on carbon under 1 atmospheric hydrogen pressure for 18 hours at room temperature. The mixture was filtered through a 0.45 micron Millipore filter and the residue washed with methanol. The filtrate and the washings were concentrated to provide 45 mg (79% yield) of 7. This material showed NMR (CDCl3): d 2.64 (m, 8H), 7.283 (m, 10H).
• 2,5-(N,N-Di- tert -butoxycarbonyl)diamino-1,6-dipheny-3,4-hexanediol 8 A solution of 45 mg (0.015 mmol) of compound 7 in 2 mL of absolute ethanol was stirred with 152 mg (0.58 mmol) of N-( tert -butoxycarbonyl)phthalimide for 18 hours at room temperature. The reaction mixture was diluted with 20 mL water and extracted with three 20 mL portions of dichloromethane. The dichloromethane extract was washed with 0.3N NaOH and brine.
• 1,6-Di(N,-(benzyloxycarbonyl)amino)-2,5-dihydroxy-3,4-O-(isopropylidene)hexanediol 8 In a 250 mL Round Bottom Flask was placed 20 mL of 1M (20 mmol) of Lithium Bis (trimethylsilyl)amide and the contents cooled in ice bath and 1.87g(10 mmol) of diepoxide 1 in 3 ml of THF was added to the above mixture and the contents were stirred for 18h while allowing the contents to warm up to room temperature.
• (2S,3R,4R,5S)-1,2:5,6-(N,N'-Dibenzyloxycarbonyl)diimino-3,4-O-(isopropylidene)hexanediol 9 In a 500 mL Round Bottom Flask was placed 12.147g (24.89g mmol) of above compound, 15.669g (59.7 mmol) of triphenylphosphine and dissolved in 150 mL of anhydrous THF. To the above mixture was added 9.40 mL (59.7 mmol) of diethyl azodicarboxylate and refluxed for 30 minutes under nitrogen.
• Step 1 2-Pyridylacetyl-Ile allyl ester
• 2-Pyridylacetyl-Ile allyl ester A mixture of 1.717 g (5 mmol) pyridylacetic acid hydrochloride, 868 mg (5 mmol) of isoleucine allyl ester p-toluene sulfonate salt, molecular sieves 4° A type in dimethylformamide were stirred at 0°C and 1.74 ml (10 mmol) of diisopropylethylamine was added to generate free amines.
• Step 2 2-Pyridylacetyl-Ile
• 2-Pyridylacetyl-Ile A mixture of 276 mg (0.95 mmol) of 2-pyridylacetyl allyl ester in 2 ml of 1,4-dioxane was stirred at room temperature and 1 ml of 1.0 N sodium hydroxide was added in three equal portions after 15 minute intervals and the contents were stirred at room temperature for a total of 2 hours. The mixture was neutralized with addition of 1.0 ml (1 mmol) of 1N HCl. The mixture was diluted with 5 ml water and extracted with dichloromethane. The aqueous layer wash saturated with solid sodium sulfate while stirring with 20 ml of chloroform.
• Step 3 A solution of 101 mg (0.336 mmol) of 2,5-diamino-1,6-diphenyl-3,4-hexanediol and 168 mg (0.67 mmol) of 2-pyridylacetyl-Ile in 5 ml of dichloromethane was stirred with 25 mg of molecular sieves and 166 mg (0.8 mmol) of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide at room temperature for 18 h and filtered.
• the residue after removal of solvent was purified (33 silica gel column using 4%, 7% and 10% methanol in chloroform) to provide 46.5 mg (18%) of desired coupled product and 39.5 mg (15.3%) of a diastereomer to which was assigned structure 21 based on the spectral data.
• the compound of Example 20 had C-2 symmetry and showed 13C NMR (CDCl3): d 11.452, 15.643, 24.242, 35.975, 38.200, 44.912, 52.358, 58.680, 72.775, 122.273, 124.083, 126.171, 128.200, 129.299, 137.291, 138.056, 149.138, 149.138, 155.166, 169.740, 171.149.
• the compound of Example 21 had no C-2 symmetry and showed twice the number of 13C NMR resonances (CDCl 3): d 11.454, 11.572, 14.380, 15.669, 24.234, 26.144, 35.891, 36.354, 38.102, 38.241, 44.837, 44.863, 52.504, 52.699, 57.485, 58.802, 72.897, 73.037, 122.197, 122.293, 124.065, 124.118, 126.140, 126.241, 128.220, 128.267, 128.381, 129.310, 137.209, 137.292, 138.121, 138.186, 149.167, 149.190, 155.205, 155.253, 169.673, 169.853, 171.319, 171.596.
• Step A Preparation of V(Cl) 3 (THF) 3 .
• V(Cl)3 Aldrich, 25g
• V(Cl)3 Aldrich, 25g
• the suspension heated to reflux under air-free conditions.
• the mixture was cooled to room temperature and filtered under rigorously air-free conditions (schlenkware, glove bag or dry box), rinsed 4 times with 50 mL pentane, transferred to a schlenk tube and evacuated at 0.1 torr for 1 hour.
• Step B Preparation of Zn ⁇ Cu .
• Zinc-copper couple was prepared following the procedure of Fieser and Fieser3 (L. Fieser and M. Fieser, Reagents for Organic Synthesis , Volume I, pp. 1292-1293, Wiley, New York, 1967), except that filtration with schlenkware was used instead of decanting solvent. The use of a glovebag or drybox would be equally satisfactory.
• Step C Coupling Procedure .
• VCl3(THF)3 (1.32g, 3.53 mmol) was weighed into an argon-filled 35 mL RBF using a schlenk tube.
• Zinc-copper couple (138 mg, 2.12 mmol), weighed quickly in air, was added.
• the flask was fitted with a dropping funnel previously filled with argon and the two solids were stirred vigorously. Dry dichloromethane (8 mL) was added via the funnel, and the mixture was stirred for 10 minutes, by which time it had turned deep green with suspended black.
• 1,1-Dimethylethyl 1-formyl-3-phenylpropylcarbamate (1.00g, 3.53 mmol), freshly prepared by Swern oxidation of the requisite alcohol, was added over 2-3 minutes in 4 mL dichloromethane. Stirring at room temperature and following by TLC (50% EtOAc/hexane) indicated complete loss of aldehyde starting material after 1.5 hours. Notes: after addition of CH2Cl2, rigorous exclusion of air is necessary; before addition, exercise reasonable care. When exposed to even small amounts of air, the reduced material rapidly oxidizes to a deep wine-red. If this happens, discard the reaction and start over. If the characteristic deep green color-- best seen by holding a white sheet of paper behind the flask and looking at the gas-solvent interface-- does not appear within 10-30 minutes, it is best to discard the reaction and re-prepare the reagents.
• the reaction mixture was poured into a separatory funnel containing 50 mL dichloromethane and 100 mL 10% aqueous disodium tartrate (1N HCl can be used if acid-sensitive functionality is not present). After gentle shaking, separating, and washing the aqueous layer two times with 25 mL dichloromethane, the combined organic layers were washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate and dried with magnesium sulfate. Solvent was removed, the crude solid was taken up in minimum CHCl3, and 0.5 volumes hexane added. On sitting overnight, copious white crystals formed. Isolated 0.62g (62%) product diol, mp 202-204°C. Spectral data are consistent with the assigned structure.
• Examples 24-98 were prepared by one of the methods described below. The method of preparation and physical data are shown in Table I.
• Method 2C Coupling of Aldehydes
• Method 3 Hydrogenation of Bis-N-CBZ-Diaminodiols
• Table I shows examples prepared via this route. Synthesis of Compound of Example 39 : In a 200ml R.B.
• Flask a suspension of 3.432g(4.32mmol) of the above intermediate in 25ml ethanol and 25ml methanol was stirred with a suspension of 343mg 10% palladium on carbon under 1 atmospheric hydrogen pressure at room temperature for 18 hours. The suspension of starting material went into solution. The mixture was filtered through a celite pad and and the residue washed with ethanol. The filtrate and the washings were concentrated and the residue purified(130g silica gel column using first 3% and finally 6% methanol in chloroform as the eluting solvent) to provide 1.848g(81.3%) of 39 as a white solid.
• Method 4 Coupling of Diaminodiols:
• the diamines obtained via Method 3 can be further elaborated by reaction with various electrophiles. Some preferred reaction conditions that provide active compounds are given below. Many other conditions and reagents can, of course, be employed.
• DCC Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide
• 1-hydroxybenzotriazole hydrate was carried out according to standard procedure in peptide synthesis. A representative synthesis is described below.
• Synthesis of Compound of Example 26 A solution of 101 mg (0.336 mmol) of 2,5-diamino-1,6-diphenyl-3,4-hexanediol, 108mg (08 mmol) of 1-hydroxybenzotriazole and 168 mg (0.67 mmol) of 2-pyridylacetyl-Ile in 5 ml of dichloromethane was stirred with 25 mg of molecular sieves and 166 mg (0.8 mmol) of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide at room temperature for 18 h and filtered.
• BOP-Benzotriazol-1-yloxytris(dimethylamino)phosphonium hexafluorophosphate coupling was carried out according to the procedure by B. Castro et al . (Tetrahedron Lett.,1975, 14, 1219-1222). A representative synthesis is described below.
• N-hydroxysuccinimide esters available from Sigma Chemical Company or Advanced ChemTech, were used. Synthesis of Compound of Example 89 : In a 300ml R.B. flask a solution of 6.000g (20mmol) of diamino diol in 60ml of dimethylformamide was cooled in an ice bath. The mixture was treated with 14.070g (44mmol) of Z-Isoleucine succinimide ester (available from Sigma Chemical Company or Advanced ChemTech) and stirred at room temperature for 18 hours. A precipitate had formed and was dissolved by adding one liter of chloroform. The mixture was then washed with water and the organic layer separated, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated.
• Epoxides can be condensed with diaminodiols.
• a representative example is given below.
• Synthesis of Compound of Example 71 The corresponding epoxide was prepared from 1-adamantyl bromomethyl ketone by reduction with sodium borohydride in absolute ethanol and treatment with potassium tert -butoxide. The adamantyl ethylene oxide was reacted with [NH2-Val-Phe[CH(OH)-]]2 in methanol refluxing at 70 degrees Celsius overnight and chromatogrammed using Sephadex LH-20 column. (2 equivalents of oxide was used for every 1 equivalent of diol).
• Tables II to XVI include additional preferred embodiments of the invention. However, these embodiments are not exemplified herein.
• HIV gag polyprotein corresponding to all of p17 and 78 amino acids of p24 produced by in vitro translation using rabbit reticulocyte lysate and mRNA prepared in vitro from plasmid encoding full length gag polyprotein linerized with the restriction enzyme Pst 1.
• Pst 1 The restriction enzyme
• Source of protease Either (A) crude E . coli lysate of bacteria harboring a plasmid containing HIV protease under the control of the lac promotor, used at a final concentration of 0.5 mg/ml, or (B) inclusion bodies of E . coli harboring plasmid containing HIV protease under the control of the T7 promotor (Cheng et al ., Gene, in press (1990). Such inclusion bodies were solubilized in 8 M urea, 50 mM Tris pH 8.0.
• Protease activity was recovered by dilution of the inclusion bodies 20-fold in buffer containing 50 mM Sodium Acetate, pH 5.5, 1mM EDTA, 10% glycerol and 5% ethylene glycol. This protease source was used at a final concentration of 0.00875 mg/ml.
• Inhibitory compounds were dissolved in sufficient DMSO to make a 25 mM stock concentration. All further dilutions were done in DMSO.
• IC50 Inhibitory concentration for 50% inhibition
• IC50 is the concentration necessary for reducing the activity of the enzyme by 50%.
• MT-2 a human T-cell line
• FCS fetal calf serum
• Human immunodeficiency virus strains, HIV(3B) and HIV(Rf) were propagated in H-9 cells in RPMI with 5% FCS.
• Poly-L-lysine (Sigma) coated cell culture plates were prepared according to the method of Harada et al . (Science 1985 229:563-566). MTT, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, was obtained from Sigma.
• Test compounds were dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide to 5 mg/ml and serially diluted into RPMI medium to ten times the desired final concentration.
• MT-2 cells (5 x 10E5/ml) in 2.3 ml were mixed with 0.3 ml of the appropriate test compound solution and allowed to sit for 30 minutes at room temperature.
• HIV(3b) or HIV(Rf) ( ⁇ 5 x 10E5 plaque forming units/ml) in 0.375 ml was added to the cell and compound mixtures and incubated for one hour at 36°C. The mixtures were centrifuged at 1000 rpm for 10 minutes and the supernatants containing unattached virus were discarded.
• the cell pellets were suspended in fresh RPMI containing the appropriate concentrations of test compound and placed in a 36°C, 4% CO2 incubator. Virus was allowed to replicate for 3 days. Cultures were centrifuged for 10 minutes at 1000 rpm and the supernatants containing cell free progeny virus were removed for plaque assay.
• the virus titers of the progeny virus produced in the presence or absence of test compounds were determined by plaque assay.
• Progeny virus suspensions were serially diluted in RPMI and 1.0 ml of each dilution was added to 9 ml of MT-2 cells in RPMI. Cells and virus were incubated for 3 hours at 36°C to allow for efficient attachment of the virus to cells.
• Each virus and cell mixture was aliquoted equally to two wells of a six well poly-L-lysine coated culture plate and incubated overnight at 36°C, 4% CO2. Liquid and unattached cells were removed prior to the addition of 1.5 ml of RPMI with 0.75% (w/v) Seaplaque agarose (FMC Corp) and 5% FCS.
• test compounds were incubated for 3 days and a second RPMI/agarose overlay was added. After an additional 3 days at 36°C, 4% CO2, a final overlay of phosphate-buffered saline with 0.75% Seaplaque agarose and 1mg MTT/ml was added. The plates were incubated overnight at 36°C. Clear plaques on a purple background were counted and the number of plaque forming units of virus was calculated for each sample. The antiviral activity of test compounds was determined by the percent reduction in the virus titer with respect to virus grown in the absence of any inhibitors.
• MT-2 a human T-cell line
• FCS fetal calf serum
• GEBCO gentamycin
• Human immunodeficiency virus strains HIV(3b) and HIV (Rf) were propagated in H-9 cells in RPMI with 5% FCS.
• XTT benzene-sulfonic acid, 3,3'-[1-[(phenylamino)carbonyl]-3,4-tetrazolium]bis(4-methoxy-6-nitro)-, sodium salt, was obtained from Starks Associates, Inc.
• Test compounds were dissolved in dimethyl-sulfoxide to 5 mg/ml and serially diluted into RPMI medium to ten times the desired final concentration.
• MT-2 cells (5 x 10E4/0.1 ml) were added to each well of a 96 well culture plate and 0.02 ml of the appropriate test compound solution was added to the cells such that each compound concentration was present in two wells. The cells and compounds were allowed to sit for 30 minutes at room temperature.
• HIV(3b) or HIV(Rf) ( ⁇ 5 x 10E5 plaque forming units/ml) was diluted in medium and added to the cell and compound mixtures to give a multiplicity of infection of 0.01 plaque forming unit/cell.
• the mixtures were incubated for 7 days at 36°C, during which time the virus replicated and caused the death of unprotected cells.
• the percentage of cells protected from virus induced cell death was determined by the degree of metabolism of the tetrazolium dye, XTT. In living cells, XTT was metabolized to a colored formazan product which was quantitated spectrophoto-metrically at 450 rm. The amount of colored formazan was proportional to the number of cells protected from virus by the test compound. The concentration of compound protecting either 50% (IC50) or 90% (IC90) with respect to an uninfected cell culture was determined.
• R1 and R10 are independently selected from the following: hydrogen; C1-C6 alkyl substituted with 0-2 R11; C2-C4 alkenyl substituted with 0-2 R11; C3-C6 cycloalkyl substituted with 0-2 R11; C6-C10 bicycloalkyl substituted with 0-2 R11; aryl substituted with 0-3 R12; a C6-C14 carbocyclic residue substituted with 0-2 R12; a heterocyclic ring system substituted with 0-2 R12, composed of 5 to 10 atoms including at least one nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur atom; R3 and R8 are independently selected from the following groups: hydrogen; C1-C5 alkyl substituted with 0-2 R11; C2-C4 alkenyl substituted with 0-2 R11; C3-C6 cycloalkyl substituted with 0-2 R11; with the proviso that the total number of non-hydrogen atoms comprising R
• R1 and R10 are independently selected from the following: hydrogen; C1-C6 alkyl substituted with 0-1 R11; C2-C4 alkenyl substituted with 0-1 R11; aryl substituted with 0-1 R12; a heterocyclic ring system, substituted with 0-1 R12, selected from pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, furanyl, thienyl, pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, tetrazolyl, benzofuranyl, benzothiophenyl, indolyl, indolenyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, benzimidazolyl, piperidinyl, pyrrolidinyl,tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl, tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, or decahydroisoquinolinyl; wherein R11 is
• a pharmaceutical composition comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and a pharmaceutically effective antiviral amount of a compound as defined above.
• a process for preparing a pharmaceutical composition which comprises admixing a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier with a pharmaceutically effective antiviral amount of a compound as defined above.
• a process to prepare the compound as defined above comprising contacting an aldehyde of the formula: with an aldehyde of the formula: in the presence of Caulton's reagent to form the compound of claim 1 wherein R5 and R6 are H and all other variables are as defined above and optionally contacting one or both of the alcohols with a derivatizing agent.
• the derivatizing agent includes compounds from the group consisting of acyl chlorides or anhydrides, diphenyl carbonates and isocyanates.

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