EP0655512B1 - Verfahren zur Herstellung einheitlicher Oxidationsschichten auf metallischen Werkstücken und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens - Google Patents
Verfahren zur Herstellung einheitlicher Oxidationsschichten auf metallischen Werkstücken und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0655512B1 EP0655512B1 EP94116881A EP94116881A EP0655512B1 EP 0655512 B1 EP0655512 B1 EP 0655512B1 EP 94116881 A EP94116881 A EP 94116881A EP 94116881 A EP94116881 A EP 94116881A EP 0655512 B1 EP0655512 B1 EP 0655512B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- process according
- theoretical value
- oxidising
- oxidation
- gas supply
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 title abstract 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Inorganic materials [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 235000013980 iron oxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Fe+2] VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ferrosoferric oxide Chemical compound O=[Fe]O[Fe]O[Fe]=O SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006396 nitration reaction Methods 0.000 claims 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 46
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 abstract description 31
- 238000005121 nitriding Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrous Oxide Chemical compound [O-][N+]#N GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- -1 CO 2 Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001337 iron nitride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005555 metalworking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001272 nitrous oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002926 oxygen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/06—Surface hardening
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
- C23C8/34—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases more than one element being applied in more than one step
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for producing uniform oxidation layers on metallic workpieces following a nitriding or Nitrocarburizing process, the workpieces after nitriding or Nitrocarburizing at a given temperature for a given time Oxidation atmosphere are exposed.
- the generic methods are used to improve the wear or. the corrosion resistance of the surfaces of components made of ferrous materials.
- the nitrocarburizing process is carried out as a special nitriding process at temperatures between 570 ° C and 700 ° C. This minimizes the delay.
- the workpieces are exposed to an oxidation atmosphere.
- the post-oxidation can significantly increase the wear resistance and in particular the corrosion resistance of the nitrocarburized surfaces.
- the workpieces are oxidized in an oxygen-containing atmosphere in an atmosphere-sphere furnace after the nitriding or nitrocarburizing.
- This post-oxidation normally takes place at temperatures between 500 ° C and 550 ° C, but is not limited to this range. Air, water vapor, CO 2 , nitrous oxide and mixtures of these gases with nitrogen or ammonia are primarily used for the oxidation.
- the aim of the post-oxidation is to convert the outer edge layer of the workpieces, which essentially consists of iron nitrides or carbonitrides, into a thin iron oxide layer.
- an iron oxide layer of the form Fe 3 O 4 is sought, the so-called magnetite. Desired oxidation layer thicknesses are between 0.5 and 2 ⁇ m in the case of predominantly corrosive stress, or between 1 and 3 ⁇ m in the case of predominant wear and tear.
- the oxide layers are too thick and can flake off. If the oxidation effect of the oxidation atmosphere is set incorrectly, other iron oxide modifications also arise, such as Fe 2 O 3 or FeO. These iron oxide modifications do not improve the corrosion and wear behavior of the workpieces, they can even worsen it. The setting of such iron oxides should therefore be avoided during post-oxidation. Generating Fe 3 O 4 layers that are too thick can also be harmful, particularly in the case of corrosion, as practice has shown. The targeted setting of the desired layer modification and thickness setting during post-oxidation is therefore of particular importance.
- the object of the invention is to improve a method for producing uniform oxidation layers of the generic type in such a way that defined, uniform oxidation layers and workpiece surface properties are achieved. Furthermore, an apparatus for performing the method is to be provided.
- the method according to the invention is further developed in that the oxygen potential present in the oxidation atmosphere is continuously determined, the measurement result is compared with a predetermined target value and, in the event of deviations, the oxidation atmosphere is modified until the measurement result matches the target value, the target value being so It is determined that the oxygen potential at the given oxidation temperature is always above the formation limit of Fe 3 O 4 oxide, but below the formation limit of other iron oxides.
- the oxide layers have a uniform appearance and that Surface properties are defined and can be easily reproduced.
- the measured oxygen potential is below the specified target value, further oxidizing agent is fed. If the measured oxygen potential value is above of the predetermined target value, then according to a proposal of the invention the supply of the oxidant stopped. Alternatively or additionally, the Oxidation atmosphere can also be supplied with a reducing agent.
- Combinations of the proposed measures are also part of the Invention possible.
- the oxidant path connection and the reducing agent connection made both simultaneously and alternately.
- the oxidant connection is undershot and the reducing agent path circuit also both made simultaneously and alternately.
- Air, water, CO 2 , N 2 O and the like are advantageously supplied as the oxidizing agent, these oxidizing agents mentioned being able to be supplied individually but also in the context of gas mixtures from these components.
- H 2 , NH 3 , CH 4 or CO are advantageously proposed as reducing agents. These components can also be used individually or as a gas mixture.
- a device for post-oxidation after nitrocarburizing comprises or nitriding an atmosphere furnace, which is a heater and has at least one gas supply line.
- atmosphere furnaces which are a heater and has at least one gas supply line.
- the device according to the invention for carrying out the method of manufacture uniform oxidation layers on metallic workpieces further developed in that an oxygen probe is arranged in the furnace chamber and that a control device is connected to the oxygen probe which is, depending on the measured value, the gas supply to the atmosphere furnace regulates.
- the oxygen potential can be determined with this oxygen probe determined at any time and depending on the time evaluate the temperature and the like.
- the control device acts in the range of Valves in the gas supply lines.
- a particularly advantageous device-side solution for controlling the Oxygen potential during post-oxidation is through the use of a Endexo retort marked.
- Such retorts are used to generate Carrier gas in nitrocarburizing furnaces already known.
- Using the Endexo retort Endogas is usually produced during nitrocarburization.
- Nitriding agent for example ammonia
- the Endexo retort is then carried out in such a way that when the target value is undershot of the oxygen potential in the oxidation atmosphere is the natural gas supply switched off, or if the setpoint is exceeded, the natural gas supply is switched on again with constant air supply to the retort.
- the furnace 1 shows an atmosphere furnace 1 known per se, consisting of a furnace housing 2, which is arranged on a frame 3. Internally the furnace 1 has a furnace chamber 4 which comprises a batch space 5. A circulation fan 6, which is driven by a thermally insulated drive 7 is driven, sucks the atmospheric gas from the batch space and it rolls into the space surrounding the furnace chamber, in which not shown Heating elements are arranged. The gas then comes out with the right one Put the temperature back into batch room 5 from below.
- the atmospheric furnace 1 comprises a gas supply line 8, into which the gases required in each case are fed into the furnace space via corresponding valves.
- the regulating valve 9a NH 3 , the regulating valve 9b, the endogas or exogas, the regulating valve 9c, nitrogen and the regulating valve 9d, air, water or another oxidizing agent can be supplied.
- An oxygen probe is used to determine the oxygen potential in the furnace chamber 4 10 provided with which the oxygen potential is measured becomes. From a control device, not shown, the measured value with compared to a target value. If a discrepancy is found, the Control device 13 controls the respective valves 9a, 9b and 9d to modify the oxidation atmosphere in the furnace chamber 4.
- FIG. 2 A corresponding embodiment is shown in FIG. 2.
- the atmosphere furnace 1 is constructed in the manner described.
- the figure shows the use a so-called endexo retort.
- Oxygen probe 10 is also possible by means of a gas discharge line 12 to discharge so-called sample gas and outside the atmosphere furnace 1 to be measured using an oxygen probe ( ⁇ probe), not shown.
- About the Control valve 9a can, for example, ammonia via a separate Feed line 8 are introduced into the furnace. During post-oxidation this valve remains closed. Natural gas is produced via the control valve 9b fed. If the measured oxygen potential value exceeds the setpoint, valve 9b is opened. If the value falls below the setpoint, the Natural gas supply switched off. Via the oxygen source 11 and the valve 9c only oxidant is supplied to the furnace chamber 4.
- the diagram shown in FIG. 3 shows the control range according to the invention, which is to be maintained by the setpoint determination.
- the diagram shows the oxygen probe voltage mV over the temperature in ° C.
- the desired range in which in the oxidation atmosphere at the given oxidation temperature the oxidation is always just above the formation limit of Fe 3 O 4 oxide, but regularly below the formation limit of the other iron oxides, can be shown, for example, in FIG specify the temperature range from approximately 450 ° C to approximately 650 ° C with an oxygen probe voltage between approximately 1100 mV and 800 mV (hatched area).
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Solid-Phase Diffusion Into Metallic Material Surfaces (AREA)
- Oxygen, Ozone, And Oxides In General (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
- Analysing Materials By The Use Of Radiation (AREA)
- Inorganic Compounds Of Heavy Metals (AREA)
- Chemically Coating (AREA)
Description
- 1
- Atmosphärenofen
- 2
- Gehäuse
- 3
- Gestell
- 4
- Ofenkammer
- 5
- Chargenraum
- 6
- Umwälzgebläse
- 7
- Antrieb
- 8
- Gaszufuhrleitung
- 9a
- Ventil
- 9b
- Ventil
- 9c
- Ventil
- 9d
- Ventil
- 10
- Sauerstoffsonde
- 11
- Sauerstoffquelle
- 12
- Gasabführleitung
- 13
- Steuervorrichtung
Claims (13)
- Verfahren zur Herstellung einheitlicher Oxidationsschichten auf metallischen Werkstücken im Anschluß an ein Nitrier- oder Nitrocarburierverfahren, wobei die Werkstücke nach dem Nitrieren oder Nitrocarburieren bei gegebener Temperatur für eine vorgegebene Zeit einer Oxidationsatmosphäre ausgesetzt werden,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß das in der Oxidationsatmosphäre vorhandene Sauerstoffpotential ständig bestimmt wird, das Meßergebnis mit einem vorgegebenen Sollwert verglichen und bei Abweichungen die Oxidationsatmosphäre modifiziert wird, bis das Meßergebnis mit dem Sollwert übereinstimmt, wobei der Sollwert so festgelegt wird, daß das Sauerstoffpotential bei der gegebenen Oxidationstemperatur immer oberhalb der Entstehungsgrenze von Fe3O4-Oxid, aber unterhalb der Entstehungsgrenze anderer Eisenoxide liegt. - Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Sollwert für das Sauerstoffpotential zwischen 1100 mV und 800 mV bei Temperaturen zwischen 450°C und 650°C eingestellt wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß bei Unterschreiten des Sollwertes Oxidationsmittel zugeführt wird.
- Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß bei Überschreiten des Sollwertes die Oxidationsmittelzufuhr gestoppt wird.
- Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß bei Überschreiten des Sollwertes ein Reduktionsmittel zugeführt wird.
- Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß bei Unterschreiten des Soliwertes die Reduktionsmittelzufuhr gestoppt wird.
- Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß bei Überschreiten des Sollwertes die Oxidationsmittelwegschaltung und die Reduktionsmittelzuschaltung gleichzeitig oder im Wechsel vorgenommen werden.
- Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß bei Unterschreiten des Soliwertes die Oxidationsmittelzuschaltung und die Reduktionsmittelwegschaltung gleichzeitig oder im Wechsel vorgenommen werden.
- Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Oxidationsmittel Luft H2O, CO2 und/oder N2O enthält.
- Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Reduktionsmittel H2, NH3, CH4 und/oder CO enthält.
- Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, wobei das Nitrieren oder Nitrocarburieren und das anschließende Oxidieren in einem Atmosphärenofen (1) durchgeführt wird, welcher wenigstens eine Gaszufuhrleitung (8) aufweist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in der Ofenkammer (4) eine Sauerstoffsonde (10) angeordnet ist und daß eine Steuereinrichtung mit der Sauerstoffsonde verbunden ist, welche in Abhängigkeit von dem Meßwert die Gaszufuhr zum Atmosphärenofen (1) regelt.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Steuereinrichtung die Gaszufuhr über Ventile (9a, 9b, 9d) regelt.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 11 oder 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß im Bereich der Gaszufuhr (8) eine Endexo-Retorte angeordnet ist.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE4339404A DE4339404A1 (de) | 1993-11-18 | 1993-11-18 | Verfahren zur Herstellung einheitlicher Oxidationsschichten auf metallischen Werkstücken und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens |
| DE4339404 | 1993-11-18 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0655512A1 EP0655512A1 (de) | 1995-05-31 |
| EP0655512B1 true EP0655512B1 (de) | 2000-07-19 |
Family
ID=6502908
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP94116881A Expired - Lifetime EP0655512B1 (de) | 1993-11-18 | 1994-10-26 | Verfahren zur Herstellung einheitlicher Oxidationsschichten auf metallischen Werkstücken und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0655512B1 (de) |
| AT (1) | ATE194855T1 (de) |
| DE (2) | DE4339404A1 (de) |
| ES (1) | ES2149835T3 (de) |
Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19938009C1 (de) * | 1999-08-11 | 2000-10-26 | Ipsen Ind Int Gmbh | Vorrichtung zur Wärmebehandlung metallischer Werkstücke |
| ATE235581T1 (de) * | 2000-02-04 | 2003-04-15 | Ipsen Int Gmbh | Verfahren zum nitrieren und/oder nitrocarburieren von höher legierten stählen |
| DE10162339A1 (de) * | 2001-12-18 | 2003-07-10 | Messer Griesheim Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Oxidschicht auf Metallteilen |
| DE10235131A1 (de) | 2002-08-01 | 2004-02-19 | Ipsen International Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Schwärzen von Bauteilen |
| DE202005011573U1 (de) * | 2005-07-22 | 2006-11-23 | JOH. WINKLHOFER & SÖHNE GMBH & Co. KG | Gelenkkette mit nitrierter Lagerfläche mit Oxidationsschicht |
| ITMI20110366A1 (it) * | 2011-03-10 | 2012-09-11 | Sol Spa | Procedimento per il trattamento di acciai. |
| DE102015204656A1 (de) * | 2015-03-16 | 2016-09-22 | Aktiebolaget Skf | Schichtbildung für Wälzlagerkomponenten |
| DE102021213888A1 (de) * | 2021-12-07 | 2023-06-07 | Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung | Verfahren und Einrichtung zum örtlich begrenzten Nitrieren oder Nitrocarburieren der Oberfläche eines Bauteils |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4439248A (en) * | 1982-02-02 | 1984-03-27 | Cabot Corporation | Method of heat treating NICRALY alloys for use as ceramic kiln and furnace hardware |
| GB8310102D0 (en) * | 1983-04-14 | 1983-05-18 | Lucas Ind Plc | Corrosion resistant steel components |
| DE3419638C2 (de) * | 1984-05-25 | 1987-02-26 | MAN Technologie GmbH, 8000 München | Verfahren zur oxidativen Erzeugung von Schutzschichten auf einer Legierung |
| DD278365A1 (de) * | 1988-12-22 | 1990-05-02 | Thaelmann Schwermaschbau Veb | Verfahren zur gasoxynitrierung von bauteilen aus eisenwerkstoffen |
-
1993
- 1993-11-18 DE DE4339404A patent/DE4339404A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1994
- 1994-10-26 AT AT94116881T patent/ATE194855T1/de active
- 1994-10-26 ES ES94116881T patent/ES2149835T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-10-26 EP EP94116881A patent/EP0655512B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-10-26 DE DE59409455T patent/DE59409455D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ATE194855T1 (de) | 2000-08-15 |
| DE4339404A1 (de) | 1995-05-24 |
| EP0655512A1 (de) | 1995-05-31 |
| DE59409455D1 (de) | 2000-08-24 |
| ES2149835T3 (es) | 2000-11-16 |
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