Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
  • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
  • E04B2/14—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element

Definitions

• the invention relates to masonry made of porous perforated bricks, according to the preamble of claim 1, a brick suitable for this according to the preamble of claim 12 and a mortar suitable for this according to the preamble of claim 14.
• German industrial standard DIN 1053 discloses the basics for the calculation and execution of masonry.
• the building materials, namely bricks and mortar, are defined, with the mortar being classified into normal mortar, light mortar and thin-bed mortar.
• Masonry made with bedding mortar which can be assigned to the classes of normal or light mortar, has a 12 mm thick bedding filled with mortar in accordance with DIN 1053.
• the execution of masonry with light or normal mortar and the associated joint of 12 mm requires the use of stones with a height of 238 mm, so that the usual metric dimension on the building, ie four layers of stone and mortar correspond to one meter of masonry height can be.
• the bed joint thickness of 12 mm when executing masonry with light or normal bed mortar results from the fact that the production of stones usually entails a relatively high dimensional tolerance of up to ⁇ 5 mm in stone height. This dimensional tolerance must be compensated for by the thickness of the bed joint when executing the masonry.
• Masonry is also known, which is built with thin-bed mortar, which has also found its way into DIN 1053.
• masonry with thin-bed mortar which is characterized by the fact that the bed joint height is only about 1 mm, bricks with a height of as much as 249 mm with a tolerance of ⁇ 0.1 mm must be used.
• the advantage of a wall using the thin-bed mortar method is that the immersion method or alternatively the mortar sled can be used, and experience has shown that this saves hourly wages by up to 40%.
• masonry that is built up in thin-bed mortar has other disadvantages.
• burning or evaporation of the mortar which means a process in which the brick removes the water from the mortar layer and therefore there is no longer enough liquid available to hydrate the binder, so that the mortar cannot develop any strength or normal curing is no longer guaranteed.
• pressing in, rubbing in or tapping in the brick is practically impossible when using thin-bed mortar.
• masonry with thin-bed mortar is problematic because of the extremely thin layer thickness, since the thin mortar layer is cut through the hole pattern of the brick and pressed into the perforation of the brick, which can lead to a considerable deterioration in the strength of the wall.
• the object of the invention is to provide masonry which combines satisfactory thermal insulation with satisfactory sound insulation and which can be constructed economically.
• the block height of 242 mm to 248 mm selected in accordance with the invention in the large format results in a bearing joint thickness of 2 mm to 8 mm, on average 5 mm as a result of the metric dimension to be used on the building.
• This bed joint thickness enables the use of heat-insulating lightweight building mortar with porous aggregates, the grain size of which precludes use in thin-bed mortars that are designed like adhesives. Through the choice of grain size according to the invention, an additional support of the stones over the bed joint which increases the compressive strength is achieved.
• Compared to conventional masonry with 12 mm bed joint thickness there is an improved thermal insulation of the masonry according to the invention in that the poorly heat-insulating mortar component is lower than the better heat-insulating stone component.
• the cost-effectiveness of the masonry there are similar economic advantages as in the case of masonry with thin-bed mortar, since if necessary, one can also work with the immersion method or with a mortar slide and the need for labor-intensive application of the mortar with a trowel can be avoided.
• the required flexural rigidity in the fresh state of the mortar which also allows the mortar to cover larger web spacings, is ensured by the addition of fibers.
• the layer height of the mortar which is several millimeters in each case, enables each stone to be rubbed in and tapped into its desired end position.
• the masonry also has an increased shear strength due to the clean, force-transmitting mortar connection of the stones across the bed joint.
• the required dimensional accuracy of the height of the perforated brick can be mastered without post-processing. Specifically, in practice this means that the existing systems can be used for production and that investments in new purchases are not required.
• the choice of a suitable bandwidth for the size of the largest grain of a sieve line advantageously guarantees a spacing of the layers of stone stacked on top of each other in accordance with the bed joint thickness of approx. 3 mm to 6 mm as a result of mutual mechanical support of the superimposed grains in the mortar in the bed joint in a masonry.
• a fibrous additive increases the internal cohesion and the flexural rigidity when the mortar is fresh, which ensures that the mortar can be applied in combination with a suitable brick surface on the one hand without problems using the dipping process or with the mortar slide and on the other hand not in the gripping aids, mortar pockets or hole patterns fall, which would lead to an undesirable loss of mortar and a deterioration in the thermal insulation properties of the wall.
• Masonry of the type set out in claims 1 to 11 has several advantages.
• the use of perforated bricks with an advantageous height of 245 mm eliminates the complex surface grinding of the bricks, which is essential when using thin-bed mortar and thus also the disposal problems of grinding dust and used grinding heads, and on the other hand, the primary energy requirement in the production of perforated bricks hardly larger than that in the production of ordinary bricks for use in masonry with bedding mortar and much smaller than that in the production of bricks for the use of thin-bed mortar.
• perforated bricks and specially developed mortar ensures very good sound insulation both in the direction through the wall and as a sound-separating element between two rooms, as well as in the horizontal and vertical direction in the wall to suppress unwanted structure-borne noise transmission through the entire building.
• the manufacture and use of a brick according to claims 12 and 13 also has several advantages.
• the claimed brick is characterized by its low burning mass during manufacture. Thanks to the addition of porous additives, the brick has good thermal insulation properties. This is accompanied by a reduction in the bulk density, which, by appropriate selection of the additives, does not adversely affect the likewise improved strength values of the brick.
• the low bulk density also ensures that the bricks can be processed without problems on the building without the worker having to take health risks due to excessive brick weights.
• the very good thermal insulation properties of the brick combined with the good thermal insulation properties of the mortar result in an outstandingly low thermal conductivity of less than 0.14 W / mK for the wall.
• the use of a mortar according to claims 14 and 15 has the advantage that, compared to normal or light joint mortar, there is a much lower mortar requirement, which means that the primary energy requirement and the primary amount of raw material can also be significantly reduced.
• the bulk density of the "middle bed mortar" according to the invention is advantageously less than 0.85 kg / dm3, which corresponds to a value which cannot be achieved with thin bed mortar or normal bedding mortar.
• normal curing takes place during hydration of the binder and thus good strength development, since burning or evaporation, as with thin-bed mortar, advantageously does not occur.
• Case c) represents an embodiment of the masonry according to the invention made of porous perforated bricks. It is obvious that masonry in thin-bed mortar design according to case b), despite the much smaller thermal bridges over the bed joints, cannot show the lower heat loss. Rather, the heavy mortar comes into play here, so that the thermal insulation properties of masonry in thin-bed mortar design are worse than that of masonry in medium-bed mortar design. The same applies to masonry in light mortar design according to case a), since in this case the mortar densities are already close to each other, but at least the bearing joint thickness is twice as large as the masonry in the middle bed mortar version.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Architecture (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Electromagnetism (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Building Environments (AREA)
• Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)

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Cited By (6)

Citations (3)

• 1993
  • 1993-08-20 DE DE19934328113 patent/DE4328113A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 1994
  • 1994-08-19 CZ CZ200894A patent/CZ9402008A3/cs unknown
  • 1994-08-22 EP EP94113085A patent/EP0639679A3/fr not_active Withdrawn

Patent Citations (3)

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