EP0628987A2 - Lampe à décharge aux halogénures métalliques et son procédé de fabrication - Google Patents

Lampe à décharge aux halogénures métalliques et son procédé de fabrication Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0628987A2
EP0628987A2 EP94108096A EP94108096A EP0628987A2 EP 0628987 A2 EP0628987 A2 EP 0628987A2 EP 94108096 A EP94108096 A EP 94108096A EP 94108096 A EP94108096 A EP 94108096A EP 0628987 A2 EP0628987 A2 EP 0628987A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
coating
metal halide
discharge lamp
lamp according
layer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP94108096A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0628987A3 (fr
Inventor
Jürgen Dr. Heider
Ulrich Dr. Henger
Günter Woizan
Stefan Kotter
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Osram GmbH
Original Assignee
Patent Treuhand Gesellschaft fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen mbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Patent Treuhand Gesellschaft fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen mbH filed Critical Patent Treuhand Gesellschaft fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen mbH
Publication of EP0628987A2 publication Critical patent/EP0628987A2/fr
Publication of EP0628987A3 publication Critical patent/EP0628987A3/fr
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/02—Details
    • H01J61/30—Vessels; Containers
    • H01J61/35—Vessels; Containers provided with coatings on the walls thereof; Selection of materials for the coatings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/02—Details
    • H01J61/12—Selection of substances for gas fillings; Specified operating pressure or temperature
    • H01J61/125—Selection of substances for gas fillings; Specified operating pressure or temperature having an halogenide as principal component
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/02—Details
    • H01J61/30—Vessels; Containers
    • H01J61/34—Double-wall vessels or containers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/02—Details
    • H01J61/38—Devices for influencing the colour or wavelength of the light
    • H01J61/40—Devices for influencing the colour or wavelength of the light by light filters; by coloured coatings in or on the envelope
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/82—Lamps with high-pressure unconstricted discharge having a cold pressure > 400 Torr
    • H01J61/827—Metal halide arc lamps
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J9/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture, installation, removal, maintenance of electric discharge tubes, discharge lamps, or parts thereof; Recovery of material from discharge tubes or lamps
    • H01J9/24—Manufacture or joining of vessels, leading-in conductors or bases
    • H01J9/245—Manufacture or joining of vessels, leading-in conductors or bases specially adapted for gas discharge tubes or lamps
    • H01J9/247—Manufacture or joining of vessels, leading-in conductors or bases specially adapted for gas discharge tubes or lamps specially adapted for gas-discharge lamps
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/02—Details
    • H01J61/24—Means for obtaining or maintaining the desired pressure within the vessel
    • H01J61/26—Means for absorbing or adsorbing gas, e.g. by gettering; Means for preventing blackening of the envelope

Definitions

  • the invention is based on a metal halide discharge lamp according to the preamble of claim 1. These lamps are suitable for general lighting and for film and television recordings as well as for projection purposes.
  • Such a lamp is known from US Pat. No. 5,003,214, the outer surface of the discharge vessel being completely coated with a heat-reflecting material, the transmission of which in the visible spectral range is at least 90%.
  • Si02 is preferred as the material, with layer thicknesses between 0.1 and 10 ⁇ m.
  • WDL lamps color temperature approx. 3000 K.
  • Ti02 is also mentioned.
  • a powder coating process with a gas flame and a dipping process are specified.
  • a coating of zinc oxide or a mixture of zinc oxide and titanium oxide is also used to absorb UV radiation.
  • a pure Ti02 layer is undesirable here because it would result in absorption in the visible (especially blue) spectral range, which worsens the color rendering.
  • the main area of application for the coatings is fluorescent lamps, which are known to have bulb temperatures of around 50 ° C.
  • the coating is applied to the outer surface of the piston by means of a spray process.
  • the invention is based on the surprising insight that the filter effect of a Ti02- (or Ce02-) coating previously considered undesirable in the short-wave visible spectral range, primarily in the violet and blue spectral range below 450 nm, to improve the color properties, in particular color locus and color rendering, can be used with certain lamps.
  • the invention exploits the special filter effect of these oxides in the short-wave spectral range at high temperatures (> 600 ° C). This effect occurs with both clear and matt coatings.
  • the absorption of the short-wave radiation can be changed in a targeted manner. This absorption not only reduces the proportion of UV radiation, but also the short-wave portion of visible radiation (primarily below 450 nm, but also longer-wave radiation), and thus lowers the color temperature.
  • the invention makes it possible, in particular, to maintain predetermined color properties even when operating with reduced power.
  • an original 70 W lamp without coating can be operated with a suitable coating at 50 W without the color properties deteriorating.
  • the concept of the coating according to the invention can also be used to change the color temperature with the same output. It is so extremely powerful that it is not only possible to comfortably lower the color temperature within a light color (e.g. by 500 K within the light color WDL, which corresponds to a color temperature of approx. 2600 - 3300 K), but also from one light color lower the other (e.g. from HPS to WDL; the former corresponds to color temperatures of approx. 3600 - 4500 K) and still use a uniform filling system. Even color temperature reductions of more than 1200 K can be generated by this coating. This has far-reaching consequences with regard to the particularly problematic sodium halides in the filling components.
  • the invention makes it possible, in particular, to achieve color temperatures of the light color NDL with fillings containing CsJ without NaJ, which represents a breakthrough in the further development of metal halide lamps with NDL light colors.
  • Known fillings for a light color D similar to daylight e.g. iodides of Cs and Tl and the metals Dy, Ho and Tm
  • the coating according to the invention can basically be implemented in two ways, namely by matt layers, in which the only priority is absorption in the blue spectral range, or by clear layers with additionally particularly effective UV absorption.
  • a very effective option is the use of matt layers, which in addition to the filter effect also have light-scattering properties. These layers can be applied to the outer surface of the discharge vessel in a smudge-proof manner by a method which is explained in more detail below.
  • the typical layer weight, based on Ti02, is advantageously between 0.05 and 0.3 mg / cm2, corresponding to a layer thickness of roughly 0.2 to 1.3 ⁇ m. Corresponding values for layers containing cerium can be determined by comparing the atomic weights.
  • matt layers The special highlight of matt layers is that the path length effectively increases due to the multiple reflection that occurs. This increases the burner's operating temperature. This increases the halogen vapor pressure, which increases the light output, which can compensate for the absorption, which increases with the thickness of the layer.
  • a matte Layer also improves the uniformity of the light radiation and at the same time the color mixture. This means that different zones in the discharge arc would produce different color impressions, which are now mixed by the multiple scattering. Such a property is particularly important when used in luminaires. By increasing the vapor pressure as a result of the increased operating temperature, the color temperature drops while the luminous efficiency increases. With suitable coordination, matting can nevertheless lead to an overall improvement in the luminous efficiency if the temperature-related improvement in the luminous efficiency exceeds the absorption losses.
  • a typical layer weight for clear layers is between 0.05 and 0.60 mg / cm2, accordingly a layer thickness of roughly 0.2 to 2.6 ⁇ m. However, it can also be higher in individual cases.
  • the preferred maximum layer weight for matt layers (0.4 mg / cm2) is determined by the increasing absorption or, in the case of clear layers, by the upper limit that occurs during doping. The minimum layer weight results from the loss of a noticeable filter effect.
  • the coatings can be used for both single-sided and double-sided metal halide lamps, regardless of the wattage. An additional outer bulb is often used to avoid heat loss.
  • the layer thickness in individual cases is also determined by the operating temperature on the outer surface of the discharge vessel.
  • a minimum temperature of the layer of 600 ° C. is desirable.
  • the practical upper limit is currently around 980 ° C, since above this value the quartz glass of the discharge vessel is devitrified.
  • Another advantage of the invention is that, depending on the layer distribution and type of filling, the usual separate heat accumulation domes made of Zr02 or similar material can be dispensed with, which further simplifies production and improves the radiation characteristic.
  • the coating on the entire outer surface of the discharge vessel is preferred, but at least when using two heat accumulation spheres - between the mutually opposite edges of the two Domes attached.
  • the Ti02 layer can also be easily applied to the Zr02 heat exchange layers.
  • the coatings presented here can be produced in several ways: on the one hand, the coating can subsequently be applied to the outside of the already filled and closed discharge vessel.
  • a suspension of an oxidic powder (containing titanium or cerium) is produced in a nitrocellulose binder in a manner known per se.
  • the primary grain size distribution of the powder for example, has its center of gravity at 30 nm corresponding to a BET surface area of 50 m 2 / g.
  • the finished discharge vessel is dipped into the suspension or sprayed with it.
  • the discharge vessel is then burned in at high temperature, and the binder also evaporates. This enables matt, but not particularly smudge-proof coatings to be achieved.
  • An advantageous alternative is to apply the oxidic powder (without binder) to the discharge vessel by means of a powder spraying process. It is a flame spraying process in which the powder is applied directly to the piston. The burn-in process can therefore be dispensed with. It can be used to create matt coatings that are also very smudge-proof.
  • the discharge vessel is manufactured on highly automated body-molding machines.
  • the discharge vessel is formed from smooth tubes by upsetting and blow molding.
  • the coating of the outer surface is advantageously carried out as an intermediate step before the discharge vessel is finished.
  • the smooth pipe section can first be coated. As with the finished discharge vessel, this is done by spraying, spraying, dipping, printing or again using a powder spraying process. It is important to ensure that the pipe ends remain free, since the molybdenum foil is squeezed in later.
  • the upset and blow molding of the smooth tube is carried out first and then the preformed tube is coated, in particular by spraying or by means of a powder spraying method, and only in the shaped area of the blank.
  • the coating is advantageously applied at a point in time at which the blank is still heated, that is to say, for example, directly after the preforming.
  • a matt coating is now achieved by sintering the coated blank at approx. 500 ° C.
  • a clear coating is achieved by the coated blank at high temperatures (approx. 1200 - 1500 ° C) is melted so that the oxide layer diffuses into the outer surface of the blank, the quartz glass receiving a gradual doping.
  • the final blow molding can take place.
  • the blank is then further processed into the discharge vessel by filling and sealing the blank.
  • the specified methods can be used to produce relatively thin layers which are nevertheless highly effective.
  • the discharge space remains free of Ti02 or Ce203.
  • the quartz glass properties also correspond to those of undoped or uncoated quartz glass, which is particularly advantageous when used in metal halide discharge lamps.
  • the one-sided squeezed metal halide discharge lamp 1 shown in FIG. 1 with an output of 150 W and the light color WDL consists of a one-sided squeezed discharge vessel 2 made of quartz glass, which is closely surrounded by an outer bulb 3 made of hard glass, also squeezed on one side.
  • the space between the two vessels 2 and 3 is evacuated and contains a getter 14 '.
  • the inner volume of the discharge vessel contains two angled electrodes 4, which are connected via foils 5 in the pinch 10 to current leads 6 in the interior of the outer bulb. These in turn end at foils 7 in the pinch of the outer bulb, from which in turn outer power supply lines 8 are led to the outside for the external power supply.
  • the discharge vessel 2 is almost completely covered with a matt coating 9 made of Ti02, the temperature of which is approximately 930 ° C. when the lamp is in operation.
  • the filling consists, for example, of a sodium rare earth system (Na-SE) with the following metal halides (figures in% by weight): 40% NaJ, 20% TmJ3, 15% DyJ3, 20% TlJ and 5% HfJ4.
  • the influence of the Ti02 coating is impressively documented by comparing the light values for a discharge vessel (without outer bulb) according to Table 1.
  • the color rendering index (Ra) improves from 41 to 70, while at the same time the luminous flux improves from approx. 12,000 to approx. 13,000 lm (test series a and b in Table 1). Installation in an outer bulb improves the values even further (test series c).
  • Table 1 150 W lamp / WDL / one-sided Trial series Luminous flux (lm) Color temp.
  • Ra Ti02 layer weight (mg / cm2) Outside piston a 12 250 5750 41 - without b 13,000 3450 70 0.30 without c 13 300 2950 91 0.30 With
  • the free-burning discharge vessel achieves only very poor color properties at a very high color temperature due to convection cooling.
  • the coating for example by means of dipping, achieves a strong reduction in color temperature, combined with an improvement in color rendering (test b).
  • test c the further improved thermal technology achieves lighting data that were previously unreachable.
  • the filter effect in the short-wave region of the spectrum is primarily shown below 450 nm, to a lesser extent up to 560 nm.
  • the 70 W lamp 11 shown in FIG. 2 consists of a discharge vessel 12 made of quartz glass, which is squeezed on both sides and is surrounded by an evacuated outer bulb 13 with a base on both sides.
  • the electrodes 14, 15 are melted into the discharge vessel 12 in a gas-tight manner by means of foils 16, 17 and connected to the electrical connections of the ceramic bases 22, 23 via the current leads 18, 19, the sealing foils 20, 21 of the outer bulb 13 and via further short current leads.
  • a getter material 24 applied to a metal plate is additionally melted potential-free via a piece of wire.
  • the ends 25, 26 of the discharge vessel 12 are provided up to part of the pinch with a heat-reflecting coating made of Zr02 in the form of two spherical caps, the mutual distance of which is 9 mm.
  • the intermediate barrel-shaped, central portion 27 of the discharge vessel is provided with a matt Ti02 coating 27a.
  • the dividing line between the layers is only shown in dashed lines because it cannot be seen with the naked eye.
  • An alternative is a discharge vessel, in which separate heat accumulation layers located at the ends are completely dispensed with and instead the TiO 2 coating encompasses the entire discharge vessel (again up to a part of the pinch, see FIG. 2) (see Table 3, Test series c). Doing so the advantage of simpler production by dispensing with improved color rendering.
  • the discharge vessel is completely coated with Ti02 in addition to the Zr02 heat accumulation.
  • This variant also corresponds to the illustration in Figure 2, wherein the Ti02 coating 27a, 27b, 27c is applied to the central section 27 and to the heat accumulation at the ends 25, 26 including part of the pinch.
  • Figure 3 shows the color locus of the lamp as a function of a Ti02 layer thickness between 0 (measuring point a) and 0.30 mg / cm2 (measuring point e). This allows the original color temperature to be reduced from around 3800 K to below 3000 K (dashed line).
  • Table 2 summarizes the layer weights of the measuring points entered in FIG. 3.
  • Table 2 Measuring point Layer weight (mg / cm2) a 0 b 0.10 c 0.19 d 0.24 e 0.30
  • FIG. 4 shows various parameters of the exemplary embodiment from FIG. 2 as a function of the layer weight. It shows that it is possible to determine the UV component (FIG. 4a shows the UV-A component) and the proportion of short-wave visible radiation (FIG. 4b shows the component up to 545 nm) even with layer weights of 0.10 mg / cm2 Ti02 to reduce significantly, while the red component ( Figure 4c) and the x and y coordinates of the color locus ( Figure 4d and 4e) increase.
  • the light yield ⁇ (FIG. 4f) decreases noticeably at high layer weights (more than 0.15 mg / cm2), but the loss is still negligible at the optimal value of 0.08 mg / cm2.
  • This lamp behaves differently according to Table 4, depending on whether it is provided with a clear or matt Ti02 coating.
  • Table 5 A further possible application of the coating according to the invention is demonstrated using Table 5.
  • the known WDL filling which is described in the first exemplary embodiment, is used for a double-sided 70 W lamp.
  • the coating is used essentially only to improve the service life, since the Na loss is limited by the filter effect of the coating for short-wave radiation.
  • the lifespan of this lamp increases from originally 6000 hours by up to 50%, with no improvement in the Ra value.
  • This application is particularly interesting from a commercial point of view because it is extreme low color temperatures (2700 K), which previously seemed unattainable for this type of lamp.
  • the mechanism of lifespan improvement is based on two effects: At the beginning of the lamp's life, it is important to shield the UV-C radiation as effectively as possible, since this exceeds the electron work function for the molybdenum current leads (4.15 eV). Due to the inevitable diffusion of sodium in the outer bulb, sodium ions are deposited on the molybdenum power supply. This reduces the effective work function to 2.2 eV (approx. 540 nm). It is therefore just as important to absorb the longer-wave radiation into the blue spectral range during lamp operation (especially towards the end of its service life). This is achieved for the first time through the coating according to the invention without loss of other lamp properties.
  • Table 3 70 W lamp / HPS / double-sided Luminous flux (lm) Color locus Color temperature (K) Ra Ti02 layer Dome spacing x y a) 5853 .361 .370 4500 72 without 10.5 mm 5570 .439 .416 3050 82 With 10.5 mm b) 6141 .369 .364 4200 79 without 9 mm 5457 .437 .411 3050 87 With 9 mm c) 7181 .385 .365 3800 85 without 9 mm 5342 .437 .426 3150 80 With without HQI-TS 70 W / HPS (two-sided) x y Tn (K) Ra ⁇ (lm) a) Clear with Ti02 layer .408 .401 3500 80 5900 uncoated .391 .377 3700 81 6500 difference .017 .024 -200 -1 -600 b) With matt Ti02 layer .455

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Vessels And Coating Films For Discharge Lamps (AREA)
  • Discharge Lamp (AREA)
  • Formation Of Various Coating Films On Cathode Ray Tubes And Lamps (AREA)
EP94108096A 1993-06-07 1994-05-25 Lampe à décharge aux halogénures métalliques et son procédé de fabrication. Ceased EP0628987A3 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19934318905 DE4318905A1 (de) 1993-06-07 1993-06-07 Metallhalogenidentladungslampe und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung
DE4318905 1993-06-07

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0628987A2 true EP0628987A2 (fr) 1994-12-14
EP0628987A3 EP0628987A3 (fr) 1995-12-13

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EP94108096A Ceased EP0628987A3 (fr) 1993-06-07 1994-05-25 Lampe à décharge aux halogénures métalliques et son procédé de fabrication.

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EP (1) EP0628987A3 (fr)
JP (1) JPH0714550A (fr)
CA (1) CA2125253A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE4318905A1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1997045858A1 (fr) * 1996-05-31 1997-12-04 Fusion Lighting, Inc. Lampe a reflexion multiples sans electrode, au soufre ou au selenium et procede pour obtenir une radiation avec une telle lampe
EP0682356B1 (fr) * 1994-05-12 2000-01-26 Iwasaki Electric Co., Ltd. Lampe à halogénure métallique
US6291936B1 (en) 1996-05-31 2001-09-18 Fusion Lighting, Inc. Discharge lamp with reflective jacket

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20040122492A1 (en) * 1999-07-07 2004-06-24 Yoram Harth Phototherapeutic treatment of skin conditions
DE10222954A1 (de) * 2002-05-24 2003-12-04 Philips Intellectual Property Hochdruckgasentladungslampe
CN1963988A (zh) * 2005-11-07 2007-05-16 东芝照明技术株式会社 高压放电灯以及照明装置
EP2112684A3 (fr) * 2008-04-25 2010-06-16 Toshiba Lighting & Technology Corporation Équipement d'éclairage d'une lampe de décharge haute pression
DE102009056753A1 (de) * 2009-12-04 2011-06-09 Heraeus Noblelight Gmbh Elektrische Hochdruckentladungslampe für kosmetische Hautbehandlung

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1064484A (fr) * 1951-10-19 1954-05-13 Lampes Sa Perfectionnements aux lampes à radiations ultraviolettes
GB732771A (en) * 1950-06-23 1955-06-29 Dema Glass Ltd Improvements in and relating to the method of and apparatus for the finishing of glass and like bulbs
GB1212010A (en) * 1966-12-14 1970-11-11 Sylvania Electric Prod Arc discharge lamps
EP0271911A2 (fr) * 1986-12-19 1988-06-22 Gte Products Corporation Source lumineuse aux halogénures de terres rares à émission rouge augmentée
EP0374678A2 (fr) * 1988-12-19 1990-06-27 Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft für elektrische Glühlampen mbH Lampe à décharge à haute pression de puissance électrique basse et méthode pour la faire fonctionner
EP0383634A2 (fr) * 1989-02-17 1990-08-22 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Source de lumière à rayons ultra-violets supprimés, agent de revêtement utilisé et sa méthode de fabrication
JPH0536380A (ja) * 1991-07-31 1993-02-12 Iwasaki Electric Co Ltd メタルハライドランプ
US5196759A (en) * 1992-02-28 1993-03-23 General Electric Company High temperature lamps having UV absorbing quartz envelope

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB732771A (en) * 1950-06-23 1955-06-29 Dema Glass Ltd Improvements in and relating to the method of and apparatus for the finishing of glass and like bulbs
FR1064484A (fr) * 1951-10-19 1954-05-13 Lampes Sa Perfectionnements aux lampes à radiations ultraviolettes
GB1212010A (en) * 1966-12-14 1970-11-11 Sylvania Electric Prod Arc discharge lamps
EP0271911A2 (fr) * 1986-12-19 1988-06-22 Gte Products Corporation Source lumineuse aux halogénures de terres rares à émission rouge augmentée
EP0374678A2 (fr) * 1988-12-19 1990-06-27 Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft für elektrische Glühlampen mbH Lampe à décharge à haute pression de puissance électrique basse et méthode pour la faire fonctionner
EP0383634A2 (fr) * 1989-02-17 1990-08-22 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Source de lumière à rayons ultra-violets supprimés, agent de revêtement utilisé et sa méthode de fabrication
JPH0536380A (ja) * 1991-07-31 1993-02-12 Iwasaki Electric Co Ltd メタルハライドランプ
US5196759A (en) * 1992-02-28 1993-03-23 General Electric Company High temperature lamps having UV absorbing quartz envelope
US5196759B1 (en) * 1992-02-28 1996-09-24 Gen Electric High temperature lamps having UV absorbing quartz envelope

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
"Technisch-wissenschaftliche Abhandlungen der OSRAM-Gesellschaft" Bd. 12, 1986, S. 11 ff *Seite 12* *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 017 no. 319 (E-1383) ,17.Juni 1993 & JP-A-05 036380 (IWASAKI ELECTRIC CO LTD) 12.Februar 1993, *

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0682356B1 (fr) * 1994-05-12 2000-01-26 Iwasaki Electric Co., Ltd. Lampe à halogénure métallique
WO1997045858A1 (fr) * 1996-05-31 1997-12-04 Fusion Lighting, Inc. Lampe a reflexion multiples sans electrode, au soufre ou au selenium et procede pour obtenir une radiation avec une telle lampe
US5903091A (en) * 1996-05-31 1999-05-11 Fusion Lighting, Inc. Lamp method and apparatus using multiple reflections
US6246160B1 (en) 1996-05-31 2001-06-12 Fusion Lighting, Inc. Lamp method and apparatus using multiple reflections
US6291936B1 (en) 1996-05-31 2001-09-18 Fusion Lighting, Inc. Discharge lamp with reflective jacket
US6509675B2 (en) 1996-05-31 2003-01-21 Fusion Lighting, Inc. Aperture lamp

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0628987A3 (fr) 1995-12-13
JPH0714550A (ja) 1995-01-17
DE4318905A1 (de) 1994-12-08
CA2125253A1 (fr) 1994-12-08

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