EP0622157A1 - Arbre de fixation d'un outil - Google Patents

Arbre de fixation d'un outil Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0622157A1
EP0622157A1 EP93810893A EP93810893A EP0622157A1 EP 0622157 A1 EP0622157 A1 EP 0622157A1 EP 93810893 A EP93810893 A EP 93810893A EP 93810893 A EP93810893 A EP 93810893A EP 0622157 A1 EP0622157 A1 EP 0622157A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tool
profile
polygon
driving
tool holder
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP93810893A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0622157B1 (fr
Inventor
Josef Obermeier
Michael Selb
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hilti AG
Original Assignee
Hilti AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hilti AG filed Critical Hilti AG
Publication of EP0622157A1 publication Critical patent/EP0622157A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0622157B1 publication Critical patent/EP0622157B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25D—PERCUSSIVE TOOLS
    • B25D17/00—Details of, or accessories for, portable power-driven percussive tools
    • B25D17/08—Means for retaining and guiding the tool bit, e.g. chucks allowing axial oscillation of the tool bit
    • B25D17/084—Rotating chucks or sockets
    • B25D17/088—Rotating chucks or sockets with radial movable locking elements co-operating with bit shafts specially adapted therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25D—PERCUSSIVE TOOLS
    • B25D2217/00—Details of, or accessories for, portable power-driven percussive tools
    • B25D2217/003—Details relating to chucks with radially movable locking elements
    • B25D2217/0034—Details of shank profiles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T279/00—Chucks or sockets
    • Y10T279/17—Socket type
    • Y10T279/17042—Lost motion
    • Y10T279/17068—Rotary socket
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T279/00—Chucks or sockets
    • Y10T279/17—Socket type
    • Y10T279/17666—Radially reciprocating jaws
    • Y10T279/17692—Moving-cam actuator
    • Y10T279/17743—Reciprocating cam sleeve
    • Y10T279/17752—Ball or roller jaws
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T408/00—Cutting by use of rotating axially moving tool
    • Y10T408/89—Tool or Tool with support
    • Y10T408/907—Tool or Tool with support including detailed shank
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T408/00—Cutting by use of rotating axially moving tool
    • Y10T408/94—Tool-support
    • Y10T408/95—Tool-support with tool-retaining means

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a tool for insertion into a tool holder for chiselling and / or impact drilling hand tool devices with a clamping shank that has at least one axially closed locking groove and at least one driving surface that deviates from a circular contour and is open axially toward the free end of the clamping shank.
  • An axially closed groove with a semicircular cross section is arranged in the tool shank of a drill of the type mentioned at the beginning of DE-PS 25 51 125.
  • the ends of the groove are hollow spherical and a spherical locking body engages in the groove, which is guided in a tool holder radially displaceable. With the help of the locking body, the axial mobility of the clamping shank in the tool holder is limited.
  • Open driving grooves with driving surfaces are arranged in the tool shaft axially towards the free end of the clamping shaft. These driving surfaces interact with a strip-shaped rotary driver of the tool holder.
  • the strip-shaped rotary driver is fixed in the tool holder.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of designing the clamping shank of the tool in such a way that even with a tool with a small working diameter, production can be carried out inexpensively.
  • the object of the invention is achieved in that the cross section of the clamping shaft is designed as a polygon-like profile with rounded corners, the guide contour of the clamping shaft being formed by the corner dimension of at least two corners is and at least one driving surface is arranged in the region of a profile surface.
  • the clamping shank By designing the clamping shank as a polygon-like profile, additional driving surfaces are formed, which serve to transmit the torque.
  • the wear in the area of the clamping shaft is significantly reduced, since the contact area between the clamping shaft and the tool holder is larger in the area of the driving surface.
  • the production of tools with a small working diameter is more economical, since less material has to be formed in the area of the clamping shank.
  • the corners on the circumference between the profile surfaces serve to center the clamping shank in the tool holder.
  • the corners are rounded and thus form a radial guide contour.
  • the guide contour is preferably formed by at least two diametrically opposite corners.
  • three corners can also be used as a so-called three-point support, the rounded corners being on the same diameter and being arranged at 120 ° to each other.
  • the guide contour is expediently formed by four corners, two corners being arranged diametrically opposite one another.
  • At least two driving surfaces are preferably provided on the clamping shaft. By arranging a second or more driving surfaces, a more uniform, central torque transmission is achieved.
  • the driving surfaces are essentially radially extending areas of driving grooves that are open axially towards the free end of the clamping shaft.
  • the driving surfaces formed by the profile surfaces have radial recesses which bring about an enlargement of the driving surface.
  • flanks of which at least the flanks on the driving side run essentially radially, have proven to be particularly advantageous.
  • the flanks form a direct contact surface for the torque transmission acting in the circumferential direction.
  • the polygonal profile of the clamping shank can advantageously be designed as a square polygon.
  • the cross section of such a clamping shank can be essentially square or rectangular.
  • all the profile surfaces are essentially of the same size.
  • the rectangular clamping shaft has profile surfaces that are of different sizes. If the locking groove is arranged in the area of one of the smaller profile surfaces, the larger profile surfaces are available for the rotary driving. Due to the larger profile areas, it is possible to arrange additional recesses for rotary driving elements.
  • the profile surfaces of the profile of the clamping shank which is designed as a square polygon, can preferably be convex or concave.
  • the clamping shank in its initial state is a press blank with a square or rectangular cross section, which can be brought into its final shape by massive forming.
  • massive forming the clamping shank is brought into its final shape by upsetting and pressing.
  • the tools designed in the manner mentioned above have the advantage that they can be used in a conventional tool holder, for example in accordance with DE-PS 25 51 125. However, this with the loss that higher proportions of torques are not transferable, since the profile surfaces remain without function.
  • the advantages according to the invention i.e.
  • the tool is inserted into a tool holder with a receiving opening, the cross section of which is expediently designed to be polygonal and has polygonal surfaces, at least one of the polygonal surfaces with a driving surface of the Clamping shaft of the tool cooperates and another polygon surface has a passage opening for a radially displaceable locking element which can be connected to the locking groove of the clamping shaft of the tool.
  • the corners of the polygon surfaces are preferably rounded.
  • At least one polygon surface expediently has an axially extending strip-shaped rotary driver, with essentially radially extending counter surfaces, which cooperate with the essentially radially extending driving surfaces.
  • the arrangement of such rotary drivers results in a better distribution and a better transmission of the torque from the tool holder to the clamping shank of the tool.
  • the cross section of the receiving opening is expediently designed as a square polygon with polygon surfaces.
  • the essentially symmetrically arranged and essentially symmetrical polygon surfaces and ensure a uniform distribution of the torque on the clamping shank of the tool.
  • the polygonal surfaces of the square polygon are preferably concave or convex. This creates an enlargement of the polygon areas so that the force transmitted from the tool holder to the clamping shank of the tool is distributed over a larger area. This results in lower surface pressures.
  • the clamping shank 1, 10 shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 has an essentially square cross section with profile surfaces of essentially the same size.
  • locking grooves 2, 19 are arranged, which are closed on both sides in the axial direction.
  • the ends of the locking grooves 2, 19 are each hollow-spherical.
  • the profile surfaces arranged at 90 ° to the locking grooves 2, 19 form driving surfaces 3, 12 which are used for torque transmission.
  • the one for the exact Centering the clamping shank 1, 10 in a tool holder, not shown, necessary guide contour is formed by the corners 4, 5, 6, 7, 13, 14, 15, 16.
  • the driving surfaces 12 shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 have axially extending rotary driving grooves 11 which are open towards the end of the clamping shaft 10.
  • the additional arrangement of such rotary driving grooves 11 creates additional, essentially radially running driving surfaces 17, 18, which serve to better transmit the torque from a tool holder, not shown, to the clamping shaft 10.
  • the clamping shank 20 shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 has a substantially rectangular cross section. Because of this cross-section, the profile areas formed are of different sizes. Axially closed locking grooves 21 are arranged in the area of the smaller profile surfaces. The ends of these locking grooves 21 are hollow spherical.
  • material deformation takes place in the area of the larger profile surfaces. This is achieved during the manufacturing process in that two axially extending depressions 27 are pressed into the profile surfaces on both sides. In this way, the material displaced reaches the remaining area of the profile surfaces, so that increased driving surfaces 22 are created.
  • the dashed line shown in FIG. 5 represents the size of a square-shaped press blank 28, as is required for producing such a clamping shank 20.
  • the corners 23, 24, 25, 26 form the corresponding guide contour so that the insert shaft 20 with the rectangular cross section can be guided radially precisely within a tool holder (not shown).
  • FIG. 7 and 8 also show a clamping shank 30 which is essentially made from a square polygon, two diametrically opposite corners 33, 35 being chamfered and two further corners 34, 36 being rounded.
  • the guide contour necessary for the central guidance of the tool within a tool holder, not shown, is formed by the two diametrically opposite, rounded corners 34, 36.
  • the clamping shaft 30 points at two each other axially closed locking grooves 31 on diametrically opposite profile surfaces.
  • the two further, essentially diametrically opposed profile surfaces form driving surfaces 32. These driving surfaces 32 each have a parallel driving groove 37 which serves to center the tool. This essentially forms additional radial driving surfaces 38.
  • the clamping shank 40 shown in FIGS. 9 and 10 is designed as a square polygon.
  • the cross section shows essentially the same size, convex profile surfaces.
  • locking grooves 49 are arranged, which are closed on both sides in the axial direction.
  • the ends of the locking grooves 49 are each hollow-spherical.
  • the profile surfaces arranged at 90 ° to the locking grooves 49 form driving surfaces 42 which are used for torque transmission.
  • the driving surfaces 42 have axially extending rotary driving grooves 41, which are open towards the end of the clamping shaft 40.
  • the additional arrangement of such rotary driving grooves 41 creates additional, essentially radially running driving surfaces 47, 48, which serve to better transmit the torque from a tool holder, not shown, to the clamping shank 40.
  • the guide contour of the insertion shaft 40 is determined by the Ekken 43, 44, 45, 46.
  • the clamping shank 50 shown in FIGS. 11 and 12 has essentially the same size, concave-like profile surfaces.
  • locking grooves 59 are arranged, which are closed on both sides in the axial direction.
  • the ends of the locking grooves 59 are each hollow spherical.
  • the profile surfaces arranged at 90 ° to the locking grooves 59 form driving surfaces 52 which are used for torque transmission.
  • the guide contour necessary for the exact centering of the clamping shank 50 in a tool holder is formed by the corners 53, 54, 55, 56.
  • the driving surfaces 52 have axially extending rotary driving grooves 51, which are open towards the end of the clamping shaft 50.
  • the additional arrangement of such rotary driving grooves 51 creates additional, essentially radially running driving surfaces 57, 58, which serve to better transmit the torque from a tool holder, not shown, to the clamping shank 50.
  • the production of the tool in which the starting product is a press blank to be formed, is also possible for the exemplary embodiments according to FIGS. 1 to 4 and 7 to 12, it being possible for the cross section of the press blank to be round, square, rectangular or polygon-like.
  • a tool holder is shown schematically in FIG. 13, in which the clamping shank 10 of the tool according to FIGS. 3 and 4 is inserted.
  • the tool holder has a guide 60 with a receiving opening, an actuating sleeve 73 and a cage 72 surrounding the actuating sleeve 73.
  • a recess (not shown in the example shown) can be brought into a radial projection of a locking element 67, so that this locking element 67 guided in a passage opening 66 can dodge radially.
  • This means that the locking element 67 can disengage from the locking groove 19 and thereby release the clamping shank 10, so that the tool can be removed from the guide 60 and thus from the tool holder.
  • the receiving cross section of the guide 60 is polygonal and has the same size polygon surfaces 61, 62.
  • the corners 68, 69, 70, 71 of the polygon surfaces 61, 62 are rounded.
  • the guide 60 has two axially extending, strip-shaped rotary drivers 63 projecting from the polygonal surfaces 61 into the clear width of the receiving opening and having essentially radially extending counter surfaces 64, 65.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Gripping On Spindles (AREA)
  • Clamps And Clips (AREA)
  • Percussive Tools And Related Accessories (AREA)
  • Drilling Tools (AREA)
  • Processing Of Stones Or Stones Resemblance Materials (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
EP93810893A 1993-04-26 1993-12-20 Arbre de fixation d'un outil Expired - Lifetime EP0622157B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4313580 1993-04-26
DE4313580A DE4313580A1 (de) 1993-04-26 1993-04-26 Werkzeugeinspannschaft

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0622157A1 true EP0622157A1 (fr) 1994-11-02
EP0622157B1 EP0622157B1 (fr) 1997-03-05

Family

ID=6486368

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP93810893A Expired - Lifetime EP0622157B1 (fr) 1993-04-26 1993-12-20 Arbre de fixation d'un outil

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US5421682A (fr)
EP (1) EP0622157B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH06320444A (fr)
KR (1) KR100287512B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN1073899C (fr)
DE (2) DE4313580A1 (fr)
DK (1) DK0622157T3 (fr)
TW (1) TW229172B (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1995019243A1 (fr) * 1994-01-14 1995-07-20 Robert Bosch Gmbh Dispositif d'entrainement en rotation d'outils pour machines-outils manuelles

Families Citing this family (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19507567A1 (de) * 1995-03-03 1996-09-05 Drebo Werkzeugfab Gmbh Bohrer
US5888200A (en) * 1996-08-02 1999-03-30 Stryker Corporation Multi-purpose surgical tool system
US6193242B1 (en) * 1999-05-24 2001-02-27 Thomas R. Vigil Snap-in chuck assembly and snap-in tool
EP1187695A4 (fr) * 1999-05-24 2004-05-06 Troy D Robison Ensemble queue de fixation a enclenchement, outil a enclenchement et systeme d'entrainement d'outil
CA2437568C (fr) * 2001-02-09 2011-01-11 Maxtech Manufacturing Inc. Outils a tige irreguliere et leurs commandes
GB2393931A (en) * 2002-10-10 2004-04-14 Black & Decker Inc Tool for a rotary hammer
DE10357380A1 (de) * 2003-12-05 2005-06-30 Hilti Ag Einsteckende für ein drehendes und/oder schlagendes Werkzeug
FR2863518B1 (fr) * 2003-12-15 2006-01-13 Montabert Roger Dispositif d'assemblage du carter et du corps d'un brise roche hydraulique
DE102010002167A1 (de) 2010-02-22 2011-08-25 Hilti Aktiengesellschaft Herstellungsverfahren für ein Einsteckende
US8690876B2 (en) 2011-04-07 2014-04-08 DePuy Synthes Products, LLC Cutting burr shank configuration
US8801713B2 (en) 2011-04-07 2014-08-12 DePuy Synthes Products, LLC Surgical drill instrument with motor and locking mechanism to receive an attachment and a cutting burr
US10080579B2 (en) 2015-03-25 2018-09-25 Medtronic Ps Medical, Inc. Pin drive rotary surgical cutting tools and powered handpieces
USD790699S1 (en) 2015-03-25 2017-06-27 Medtronic Ps Medical, Inc. Surgical tool
USD782042S1 (en) 2015-03-25 2017-03-21 Medtronic Ps Medical, Inc. Surgical tool
USD800906S1 (en) 2015-03-25 2017-10-24 Medtronic Ps Medical, Inc. Surgical tool
USD800907S1 (en) 2015-03-25 2017-10-24 Medtronic Ps Medical, Inc. Surgical tool
US10314610B2 (en) 2015-03-25 2019-06-11 Medtronic Ps Medical, Inc. Slanted drive axis rotary surgical cutting tools and powered handpieces
USD800903S1 (en) 2016-02-09 2017-10-24 Medtronic Ps Medical, Inc. Surgical tool
US10849634B2 (en) 2018-06-20 2020-12-01 Medtronic Xomed, Inc. Coupling portion for rotary surgical cutting systems
USD927949S1 (en) * 2019-11-06 2021-08-17 Glendo Llc Graver tool

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2125818A1 (fr) * 1971-05-25 1972-09-14
FR2282323A1 (fr) * 1974-08-19 1976-03-19 Reinholdt As Montage d'un fleuret de marteau-perforateur
DE2551125A1 (de) * 1975-11-14 1977-05-26 Bosch Gmbh Robert Einrichtung zur drehmomentuebertragung
DE2826153A1 (de) * 1978-06-15 1979-12-20 Licentia Gmbh Kombinierte schnellwechselfutter- und werkzeugeinheit fuer bohrhaemmer
EP0071821A2 (fr) * 1981-07-24 1983-02-16 DUROFAC ApS Tige d'outil pour outil rotatif soumis à percussion
EP0181093A1 (fr) * 1984-10-08 1986-05-14 Dom Holdings Plc Outil
DE9116606U1 (fr) * 1990-01-11 1993-04-01 Wera-Werk Hermann Werner Gmbh & Co, 5600 Wuppertal, De
EP0565482A1 (fr) * 1992-04-06 1993-10-13 HILTI Aktiengesellschaft Outil et port outil pour des outils à main

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3539654C2 (de) * 1985-03-20 1994-02-10 Roehm Gmbh Bohrfutter und Werkzeug zum drehenden und drehschlagenden Bohren
DE3745046C2 (de) * 1987-05-20 1996-07-25 Bosch Gmbh Robert Werkzeugaufnahme einer Handwerkzeugmaschine mit verdrehsicher einsetzbarem Werkzeug
DE3824894A1 (de) * 1988-07-22 1990-01-25 Bosch Gmbh Robert Einrichtung an handwerkzeugmaschinen zur drehmomentuebertragung
FR2635039B1 (fr) * 1988-08-05 1990-11-02 Prospection & Inventions Foret comprenant une queue avec des rainures
DE4105414A1 (de) * 1991-02-21 1992-08-27 Hilti Ag Werkzeug und werkzeughalter fuer handwerkzeuggeraete
DE4137120A1 (de) * 1991-11-12 1993-05-13 Hilti Ag Werkzeug zum schlagbohren und werkzeugaufnahme fuer schlagbohrende werkzeuge
DE4141846A1 (de) * 1991-12-18 1993-06-24 Hilti Ag Werkzeug zum schlagbohren und meisseln und werkzeugaufnahme fuer diese werkzeuge
DE4200643A1 (de) * 1992-01-13 1993-07-15 Hilti Ag Werkzeug zum schlagbohren und meisseln und werkzeugaufnahme fuer diese werkzeuge
DE4210451A1 (de) * 1992-03-30 1993-10-07 Plica Werkzeugfabrik Ag Mollis Einrichtung zur Drehmomentübertragung

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2125818A1 (fr) * 1971-05-25 1972-09-14
FR2282323A1 (fr) * 1974-08-19 1976-03-19 Reinholdt As Montage d'un fleuret de marteau-perforateur
DE2551125A1 (de) * 1975-11-14 1977-05-26 Bosch Gmbh Robert Einrichtung zur drehmomentuebertragung
DE2826153A1 (de) * 1978-06-15 1979-12-20 Licentia Gmbh Kombinierte schnellwechselfutter- und werkzeugeinheit fuer bohrhaemmer
EP0071821A2 (fr) * 1981-07-24 1983-02-16 DUROFAC ApS Tige d'outil pour outil rotatif soumis à percussion
EP0181093A1 (fr) * 1984-10-08 1986-05-14 Dom Holdings Plc Outil
DE9116606U1 (fr) * 1990-01-11 1993-04-01 Wera-Werk Hermann Werner Gmbh & Co, 5600 Wuppertal, De
EP0565482A1 (fr) * 1992-04-06 1993-10-13 HILTI Aktiengesellschaft Outil et port outil pour des outils à main

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1995019243A1 (fr) * 1994-01-14 1995-07-20 Robert Bosch Gmbh Dispositif d'entrainement en rotation d'outils pour machines-outils manuelles
CN1069569C (zh) * 1994-01-14 2001-08-15 罗伯特-博希股份公司 在手工工具机上旋转卡紧工具的装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE4313580A1 (de) 1994-10-27
DK0622157T3 (da) 1997-09-15
JPH06320444A (ja) 1994-11-22
US5421682A (en) 1995-06-06
TW229172B (en) 1994-09-01
EP0622157B1 (fr) 1997-03-05
DE59305639D1 (de) 1997-04-10
KR100287512B1 (ko) 2001-04-16
CN1073899C (zh) 2001-10-31
CN1095330A (zh) 1994-11-23

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