EP0620762B1 - Broyeur et element tranchant pour broyeur - Google Patents

Broyeur et element tranchant pour broyeur Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0620762B1
EP0620762B1 EP93901685A EP93901685A EP0620762B1 EP 0620762 B1 EP0620762 B1 EP 0620762B1 EP 93901685 A EP93901685 A EP 93901685A EP 93901685 A EP93901685 A EP 93901685A EP 0620762 B1 EP0620762 B1 EP 0620762B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
blade
knife
recess
elements
carrier element
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP93901685A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0620762A1 (fr
Inventor
Dieter Knauss
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
GROSS Stefan
Original Assignee
GROSS Stefan
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by GROSS Stefan filed Critical GROSS Stefan
Publication of EP0620762A1 publication Critical patent/EP0620762A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0620762B1 publication Critical patent/EP0620762B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
    • B02C18/14—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives within horizontal containers
    • B02C18/145—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives within horizontal containers with knives spaced axially and circumferentially on the periphery of a cylindrical rotor unit

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a comminution device with means for supplying objects, in particular wood waste, to a drivable, essentially cylindrical rotor device for comminuting objects and which has a substantially smooth surface, with knife elements, each knife element having a substantially triangular peripheral contour and each knife element can be fastened to a knife carrier element fastened on the surface of the rotor device and the knife element has a recess and the associated knife carrier element has a recess, both recesses being in alignment when the knife element is placed on the knife carrier element.
  • the invention further relates to a knife element for a comminution device, the knife element being designed as a triangular plate element and releasably attachable to a knife carrier element.
  • Such crushing machines are able, for. B. Pallets, chisels, coated chipboard, etc. to process in compact firewood chips. In addition to a favorable price / performance ratio, high reliability and a long service life are expected from such devices.
  • a hopper is filled with wood waste by machine or by hand by tipping over a storage container.
  • An existing hydraulically controlled feed unit presses the product onto a slow-running profile rotor device.
  • This profile rotor device has, as knife elements, square plate elements which are arranged offset in a helical groove provided in the circumference of the rotor device, so that they run in the form of a spiral in the longitudinal direction of the rotor device.
  • Such wood shredding machines have been used reliably for a long time.
  • the manufacture of the rotor device is relatively complex since a helical rectangular groove has to be produced on the surface of the rotor device.
  • US-A-3 202 369 describes a shredding device for material of all kinds according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the knife element is fastened by inserting a fastening screw through the recess of the knife element and the knife carrier element and then screwing on a nut.
  • a comminution device is known from WO-A-8500303, in which triangular knives are welded onto a smooth rotor surface and a stiffening support is welded to each knife element.
  • the invention is based on the technical problem of specifying a comminution device which is improved over the prior art mentioned and which has a simple and robust construction, can be produced economically and, in addition to high reliability and a long service life, ensures great homogeneity of the comminuted wood material. Furthermore, the invention is based on the problem of specifying an improved knife element with which the rotor device of a comminution device, in particular of the type mentioned at the beginning, can be fitted in a simple manner.
  • the shredding device according to the invention is given by the features of claim 1.
  • the knife element according to the invention is given by the features of claim 7.
  • Advantageous refinements of the comminution device or the knife element are the subject of further subclaims.
  • the comminution device is accordingly characterized in that the knife elements are arranged with a triangular side directly on the surface of the rotor device, the recess of the knife element has an internal thread, the knife element is detachably fastened to the knife carrier element by a fastening screw that can be inserted from the recess of the knife carrier element, whereby the thread of the fastening screw in the internal thread of the knife element meshes.
  • the knife elements are preferred here designed as equilateral triangular plate elements. Due to the smooth surface of the rotor device, the additional incorporation of the rectangular helical grooves, as in the known woodworking devices, can be omitted.
  • the cutting tip can be formed with an angle of less than 90 degrees due to the triangular contour of the knife element, there is a better wedge effect than with the cutting corners of the square knife elements with 90 degrees.
  • the wood waste is squeezed more than sheared, which has an unfavorable effect on the homogeneity and the processing time for reducing the wood waste.
  • Due to the relatively good wedge effect at smaller angles of the cutting tip of the comminution device according to the invention very good results are achieved in terms of processing time and comminution quality.
  • equilateral triangular plate elements a total of six cutting edges are created, which can be used one after the other by turning or turning the knife element to shred the wood material.
  • an automatic locking of the knife element itself is achieved by placing it on.
  • the assembly or replacement process of the knife elements is very simple.
  • the knife elements are arranged along two opposing screw lines in the circumferential direction on the rotor device.
  • the wood material to be shredded in front of the rotor device is not shifted in one direction as in the known shredding devices. Rather, there is a more or less permanently uniform distribution of the wood material present between the knife elements and the counter knife device guaranteed.
  • the knife element in the edge region of the recess has a cross-sectional reinforcement on at least one side, which is preferably conical.
  • this cross-sectional reinforcement the forces acting on the knife element during the comminution process are distributed over a larger cross-sectional area, so that lower stresses occur which reduce the stress on the knife element and increase its service life.
  • the knife carrier element preferably has a shape which is designed in accordance with the cross-sectional reinforcement of the knife element and into which the cross-sectional reinforcement is introduced before the knife element is fastened, as a result of which a certain locking is achieved.
  • a comminution device 10 has a funnel-shaped container device 12 on the upper side.
  • the container device 12 has a rectangular top opening for filling with wood waste, with a transverse side of the container device 12 being arranged obliquely so that the wood waste to be filled can easily reach a plate level 14 on the underside.
  • the wood waste located on the plate level 14 is pushed onto a rotor device 18 by means of a slide device 16.
  • the slide device 16 is moved via a gimbal-mounted hydraulic cylinder, the drive and control elements of the hydraulic cylinder 20 not being shown in FIG. 1.
  • the design of the drive and control elements is known to the person skilled in the art.
  • the rotor device 18 is driven via a drive unit 22 by means of a V-belt 21 and rotates relatively slowly about its axis of rotation 23.
  • the control devices for the drive unit 22 are not shown in FIG. 1 for the sake of clarity.
  • a perforated screen device 24 in the form of a circular section is arranged in regions around the rotor device 18, which has a hole pattern 25 with a predetermined spacing and diameter of the holes.
  • the cylindrical rotor device 18 has a smooth surface 26.
  • the axis of rotation of the rotor device 18 is arranged substantially perpendicular to the sliding direction of the slide device 16.
  • knife elements 28 which have the shape of equilateral triangular plate elements.
  • a triangle side lies directly on the smooth surface 26 of the rotor device 18. The anchoring of the knife elements 28 on the rotor device 18 is described further below.
  • the knife elements 28 are arranged in a spiral shape around the surface of the rotor device 18. The arrangement is selected so that the knife elements 28 form two opposing spirals (S1; S2) in the circumferential direction of the rotor device 18 (FIG. 2).
  • a counter knife device 30 which, according to the outer contour of the knife elements 28, has triangular grooves 32 which form an angle of 60 degrees and are arranged in the transverse direction parallel to the axis of rotation 23.
  • the counter knife device 30 in FIG. 2 is spaced from the rotor device 18 and is shown in front of the rotor device 18. 1, the counter-knife device is located behind the rotor device, the grooves 32 facing the rotor device.
  • a catch device 34 for the shredded wood material is shown schematically.
  • the shredded wood material is removed from the catching device 34 by means of a transport screw, not shown, to the outside.
  • a transport screw not shown
  • the shredded wood material is suctioned off.
  • the shredding process now proceeds as follows. After the wood waste has been filled into the container device 12, the wood waste is fed to the rotor device 18 by means of the slide device 16. As a result of the rotation of the rotor device 18, the wood waste becomes between the knife elements 28 of the rotor device 18 and the counter knife device 10 pressed through, the wood waste is crushed by shear and crushing forces.
  • the perforated screen device 24 surrounding the rotor device 18 determines the size of the shredded wood chips falling into the catching device 34. Depending on the hole diameter of the perforated sieve device 24, the chips can have different dimensions.
  • the wood material to be shredded is distributed relatively uniformly over the entire width of the rotor device 18 at the shredding location between the counter knife device 30 and the knife elements 28.
  • This ensures a relatively high homogeneity of the shredded wood material and also causes the knife elements 28 to be worn relatively evenly, whereas this is not the case with the known shredding devices, since the knife elements are arranged in the form of a single spiral and as a result of the rotation of the rotor device, the resulting wood material is shifted to one side of the rotor device depending on the inclination of the spiral, and the knives arranged there are therefore subject to greater wear.
  • the comminution effect is also improved by the advantageous choice of equilateral triangular knife elements 28, since here the cutting edge 35 is only 60 degrees, whereas, in the known comminution devices with the square plate knife elements, the cutting edge is 90 degrees.
  • the wood material obtained is squeezed more, while in the knife elements according to the invention, the comminution takes place primarily by means of a shearing process due to the relatively sharp cutting edge.
  • a knife carrier element 36 which has a substantially triangular cross-sectional shape, is assigned to each knife element 28.
  • the cross-sectional dimensions of the knife carrier element 36 are selected to be somewhat smaller than those of the knife elements 28.
  • the knife carrier element 36 is fastened to the surface 26 of the rotor device 18 via weld seams 38. In this case, the knife carrier element 36 has a larger dimension in its longitudinal direction than the knife element 28 itself.
  • the underside of the knife carrier element 36 is adapted to the cylindrical surface shape of the rotor device 18.
  • the knife element 28 has a central recess 40 with an internal thread 42.
  • the knife carrier element 36 has a recess 44, the recess 44 and the recess 40 being in alignment when the knife element 28 is in place.
  • an essentially conical cross-sectional reinforcement 46 is provided in the edge region of the recess 40 on both sides of the knife element 28.
  • the recess 44 of the knife carrier element 36 has a conical recess 45 with a linearly variable radius in the area of the cross-sectional reinforcement 46 of the knife element 28.
  • the knife element 28 For attaching the knife element 28 this is now placed on the knife carrier element 36, whereby a locking takes place by engaging the cross-sectional reinforcement 46 designed as a centering cone in the recess 45 designed as a receiving cone, and from behind a fastening screw 48 is inserted into the recess 44, which is then inserted into the internal thread 42 of the recess 40 is turned.
  • the knife element 28 acts like a screw nut.
  • This simple type of attachment makes it possible to easily release the connection between the knife carrier element and the knife element 28 if necessary, so that a worn cutting edge of the knife element 28 can be replaced by a sharp cutting edge by turning or turning the knife element.
  • the screw can be temporarily secured against rotation by applying an adhesive to the internal thread.
  • a total of six cutting edges are available in the knife element according to the invention, which can be used in a simple manner if required.
  • the arrangement of the triangular knife elements shown on the smooth surface 26 of the rotor device 18 is only one of the many possible variants.
  • the pitch of the spirals and the number of knife elements in the circumferential direction can be adapted to the particular conditions required. It is also possible according to the invention to provide a plurality of opposing spirals equipped with knife elements.
  • the knife elements which are often referred to as indexable inserts, are made of a special steel, in particular 16 NmCr5, and case-hardened in a known manner.
  • the shredding device according to US-A-3,202,369 in the shredding device according to the invention there is a through hole with a receiving and centering cone (recess 45 or cross-sectional reinforcement 46). available.
  • the sleeve present in the known device can be dispensed with, since the transverse forces are absorbed by the cross-sectional reinforcements according to the invention on the knife element and thus do not act on the screw thread.
  • the knife support for securing against rotation is not present on the knife carrier element, but rather directly on the rotor, ie the outer surface of the rotor forms the contact surface and thus the protection against rotation of the knife element.
  • the knife according to the invention preferably consists of an equilateral triangle.
  • the triangle tips of the triangle are designed as surfaces, the width of which can be adapted to the conditions required in each case.
  • a thread is attached according to the invention.
  • the knife is thus releasably attached to the knife carrier element. It is not necessary to provide a mother.
  • a security of the screw against loosening is given according to the invention in that either a locking washer is arranged between the knife and knife carrier element, which claws between the knife carrier and the knife element when the screw is tightened and / or an adhesive is provided within the thread.
  • the arrangement of the knife elements on the rotor consists of two opposing screw lines. However, it has proven to be advantageous to fill the essentially V-shaped knife-free areas with additional knives. This results in further screw lines provided with knives.
  • the distance from knife to knife on the circumference is determined by surface lines which have a distance from one another that is divisible in the rotor circumference. With this division, the knife carrier elements with the knife already screwed on are welded onto the rotor in such a way that the knives mesh with the least possible play in the counter knife.
  • the counter knife consists of one or more flat steel pieces with corresponding lengths. On one of the two long sides, the cutting edges are milled in the form of serrations so that a sharp corner that can be used for cutting is present on the upper and lower side.
  • the counter knife is screwed onto the knife carrier, which is fastened in the frame, preferably by means of countersunk screws.
  • the counter knife is fixed in position with the countersunk head of the screw.
  • the countersink and countersunk screws always bring it into its original position.
  • the knife elements 60 attached to the knife carrier elements welded on the rotor device 18 only mesh in the area of their tip in the corresponding recess 62 of the counter knife device 64. This is because the width of the knife elements 60 arranged on the rotor side is larger than the width of the recesses 62. A gap 66 is present between the rotor device 18 and the counter knife device 64. On the one hand, this has the consequence that in the region of the tip of a prong 68 of the counter knife device 64 an additional crushing edge is created, which has a favorable effect on the crushing of the filled, inhomogeneous material.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)

Abstract

Un broyeur (10) comprend un rotor cylindrique (18) pourvu d'éléments tranchants (28) et sert notamment à broyer des déchets de bois. Le rotor (18) présente une surface essentiellement lisse (26) et les éléments tranchants (28) ont un profil péripherique triangulaire dont un des côtés est situé à la surface (26) du rotor (18). Ce broyeur est très fiable, a une longue vie utile et permet d'obtenir un matériau broyé très homogène de manière très économique.

Claims (7)

  1. Dispositif de broyage (10) pour des matériaux de tous types, notamment du bois,
    - avec un rotor (18) essentiellement cylindrique, qui peut être entraîné, est alimenté en objets à broyer et présente une surface essentiellement lisse (26),
    - avec des éléments coupants (28),
    - chaque élément coupant (28) présentant un contour périphérique essentiellement triangulaire, et
    - chaque élément coupant (28) pouvant être fixé sur un élément porteur de couteau (36) fixé sur la surface (26) du rotor (18), et
    - l'élément coupant (28) présentant un évidement (40) et l'élément porteur de couteau associé (36) un évidement (44), les deux évidements (40, 44) étant alignés lorsque l'élément coupant (28) est posé sur l'élément porteur de couteau (36),
    caractérisé en ce que
    - les éléments coupants (28) reposent directement, par un côté du triangle, sur la surface lisse (26) du rotor (18),
    - l'élément coupant (28) présente dans la région de bord de l'évidement (40), au moins sur un côté, un renforcement annulaire de section (46) à contour extérieur conique, et
    - l'élément porteur de couteau (36) présente un évidement (45) à contour intérieur conique, d'une configuration correspondant au renforcement de section (46) de l'élément coupant (28).
  2. Dispositif de broyage selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les éléments coupants (28) sont réalisés sous la forme de plaques triangulaires équilatérales.
  3. Dispositif de broyage selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que les éléments coupants (28) sont disposés le long d'au moins deux lignes hélicoïdales (S1, S2) se développant en sens contraires en direction circonférentielle sur le rotor (18).
  4. Dispositif de broyage selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que l'élément coupant (28) présente un évidement (40) à filetage intérieur (42) et l'élément porteur de couteau associé (36) un évidement (44), les deux évidements (40, 44) étant alignés lorsque l'élément coupant (28) est posé sur l'élément porteur de couteau (36), et l'élément coupant (28) pouvant être fixé de manière amovible sur l'élément porteur de couteau (36) par une vis de fixation (48) pouvant être introduite par l'évidement (44) de l'élément porteur de couteau (36).
  5. Dispositif de broyage selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les éléments porteurs de couteau (36) sont fixés sur le rotor (18) au moyen d'une soudure (38).
  6. Elément coupant (28) pour un dispositif de broyage selon une ou plusieurs des revendications 1 à 5, l'élément coupant (28) étant réalisé sous forme d'élément en plaque triangulaire et pouvant être fixé de manière amovible sur un élément porteur de couteau (36), caractérisé en ce que l'élément coupant (28) présente dans la région de bord de l'évidement (40), au moins sur un côté, un renforcement annulaire de section (46) à contour extérieur conique.
  7. Elément coupant selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que
    - l'élément coupant (28) présente un évidement (40) à filetage intérieur (42), et
    - l'élément coupant peut être fixé de manière amovible sur l'élément porteur de couteau (36) par une vis de fixation (48) pouvant être introduite par l'évidement (44) de l'élément porteur de couteau (36), le filetage de la vis de fixation (48) venant prendre dans le filetage intérieur (42) de l'élément coupant (28).
EP93901685A 1992-01-15 1993-01-14 Broyeur et element tranchant pour broyeur Expired - Lifetime EP0620762B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4200796 1992-01-15
DE4200796A DE4200796A1 (de) 1992-01-15 1992-01-15 Holzzerkleinerungsvorrichtung und messerelement fuer eine holzzerkleinerungsvorrichtung
PCT/DE1993/000034 WO1993013860A1 (fr) 1992-01-15 1993-01-14 Broyeur et element tranchant pour broyeur

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0620762A1 EP0620762A1 (fr) 1994-10-26
EP0620762B1 true EP0620762B1 (fr) 1996-04-03

Family

ID=6449506

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP93901685A Expired - Lifetime EP0620762B1 (fr) 1992-01-15 1993-01-14 Broyeur et element tranchant pour broyeur

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0620762B1 (fr)
DE (2) DE4200796A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1993013860A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT210U1 (de) * 1994-05-09 1995-05-26 Wagner Gerhard Wagner Gerhard Zerkleinerungseinrichtung
DE9418544U1 (de) * 1994-11-19 1995-03-16 Alpirsbacher Maschinenbau GmbH & Co.KG, 72275 Alpirsbach Metallspänezerkleinerer
DE4443571A1 (de) * 1994-12-07 1996-06-13 Heckert Umwelttechnik Gmbh Rotorvorrichtung
DE29700363U1 (de) 1997-01-10 1997-04-24 Thoma, Lućia, 76744 Wörth Vorrichtung zur Zerkleinerung von Gesteinen und Gesteinsgemischen
GB0013623D0 (en) * 2000-06-06 2000-07-26 Turner Dev Ltd A shredder
FI20055499A0 (fi) 2005-09-19 2005-09-19 Tana Oy Murskauslaite ja roottori murskauslaitetta varten

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3202369A (en) * 1963-01-16 1965-08-24 Steel Briquette Corp Rotary sheet metal tearing devices
FR2451777A1 (fr) * 1979-03-23 1980-10-17 Tabel Rene Dechiqueteur
DK311783A (da) * 1983-07-06 1985-01-07 Elm E Laursens Maskinfab Skaereapparat, isaer til skaering af kabelaffald
US4776375A (en) * 1986-10-14 1988-10-11 Stanley Arasmith Winged cutting knife for producing wood chips or flakes
DE3938820A1 (de) * 1989-03-15 1991-05-29 Consilium Bulk Kloeckner Gmbh Vorrichtung zum zerkleinern von rest- und abfallhoelzern
DE9000349U1 (de) * 1990-01-13 1990-05-23 Ackermann, Karl, 8332 Massing Vorrichtung zum zerkleinern von material aller art, insbesondere brennbarer abfall wie stangenholz und aeste

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE59302112D1 (de) 1996-05-09
WO1993013860A1 (fr) 1993-07-22
DE4200796A1 (de) 1993-05-27
EP0620762A1 (fr) 1994-10-26

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