EP0615861B1 - Procédé pour régler la quantité d'encre transférée par un rouleau anilox ainsi que pour rénover des rouleaux anilox usés et construction d'un rouleau anilox qui peut être rénové - Google Patents

Procédé pour régler la quantité d'encre transférée par un rouleau anilox ainsi que pour rénover des rouleaux anilox usés et construction d'un rouleau anilox qui peut être rénové Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0615861B1
EP0615861B1 EP94103738A EP94103738A EP0615861B1 EP 0615861 B1 EP0615861 B1 EP 0615861B1 EP 94103738 A EP94103738 A EP 94103738A EP 94103738 A EP94103738 A EP 94103738A EP 0615861 B1 EP0615861 B1 EP 0615861B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cells
filling material
recesses
screen roller
ink
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Revoked
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EP94103738A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0615861A1 (fr
Inventor
Leif F. Reslow
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Manroland AG
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MAN Roland Druckmaschinen AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41N—PRINTING PLATES OR FOILS; MATERIALS FOR SURFACES USED IN PRINTING MACHINES FOR PRINTING, INKING, DAMPING, OR THE LIKE; PREPARING SUCH SURFACES FOR USE AND CONSERVING THEM
    • B41N7/00—Shells for rollers of printing machines
    • B41N7/06—Shells for rollers of printing machines for inking rollers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41N—PRINTING PLATES OR FOILS; MATERIALS FOR SURFACES USED IN PRINTING MACHINES FOR PRINTING, INKING, DAMPING, OR THE LIKE; PREPARING SUCH SURFACES FOR USE AND CONSERVING THEM
    • B41N2207/00—Location or type of the layers in shells for rollers of printing machines
    • B41N2207/02—Top layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41N—PRINTING PLATES OR FOILS; MATERIALS FOR SURFACES USED IN PRINTING MACHINES FOR PRINTING, INKING, DAMPING, OR THE LIKE; PREPARING SUCH SURFACES FOR USE AND CONSERVING THEM
    • B41N2207/00—Location or type of the layers in shells for rollers of printing machines
    • B41N2207/10—Location or type of the layers in shells for rollers of printing machines characterised by inorganic compounds, e.g. pigments

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for controlling the available amount of an ink for the ink transfer from an anilox roller according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • anilox rollers are already known in the field of printing machines.
  • An anilox roller known from DE 39 03 372 A1 consists of a steel core which is surrounded by a layer of ceramic or copper. The layer is provided with cups, which are largely completely filled with hydrophobic lining material during the manufacture of the anilox roller, which is then removed until webs between the cups are exposed, so that the cups can be filled with the desired amount of liquid in the printing ink.
  • From GB 5 46 869 a forme cylinder with a cup for gravure printing is known. The wells are partially filled from the bottom with a resin mass.
  • anilox rollers usually have a base, for example made of steel, which also has pins to hold the roller in suitable bearings and to couple it with drive wheels and gears.
  • the steel body has cells or depressions, for example, which are etched on the anilox roller.
  • the printing ink is usually applied to the anilox rollers from ink fountains, and they are supplied with the ink on an upper and a lower side of the ink chamber via ink doctor blades, which perform a wiping and rubbing movement on the outer surface of the anilox roller thus formed.
  • Such Anilox roller is described in DE 40 36 661 C1.
  • This anilox roller has hard ridges or ribs made of chromium dioxide, a ceramic containing alumina or the like, which form the outer portions of the surface of the anilox roller.
  • the cells or cells themselves are formed from a softer material between the ridges, e.g. B. made of copper.
  • the amount of ink that can be taken up by the cells depends very much on the depth of the cells, ie on the distance from the bottom of the cells to the outer surface of the anilox roller. This distance is usually formed by the overhang of the ridges or ridges above the lowest point of the cells.
  • the ink transfer number is defined as the amount of ink in cm 3 , based on 1 m 2 of the surface of the anilox roller. The ink transfer number should theoretically depend on the total volume of the cells, which is measured in cm 3 per m 2 of the anilox roller. In practice, the amount of ink transferred is slightly lower than theoretically calculated because a little less color is released from the cells during the printing process.
  • the invention also relates to an anilox roller for use in a method according to claim 1.
  • the depressions or cells on the surface of the anilox roller for ink take-up are deepened in such a way that the volume of the cells for ink take-up is substantially deeper than is necessary to retain the ink for ink transfer during printing. H. much larger than the associated color transfer number that is desired for the printing process; these substantially larger depressions or cells are then partially filled with a filler material in order to reduce the volume of the cells to the extent which is just required for retaining the desired amount of ink for the respective printing process, i. that is, the desired and currently required color transfer number is maintained.
  • the extent of the decrease in the volume is determined and if If this reduction has become large enough to result in a large decrease in volume to a smaller value, a certain proportion of the filler material in the cells is removed so that the desired value of the color transfer number and the volume dimensions of the cells is restored.
  • This procedure is somewhat analogous to painting a gravure cylinder - even if the cells are extremely deep - and removing the material if an additional cell volume is required.
  • the depth of the cells that are to receive the printing ink is very small.
  • it is in the Of the order of 0.01 to 0.02 mm; for offset printing they are a bit lower z. B. between 0.02 and 0.05 mm.
  • the depth is increased substantially, e.g. B. to a depth between 0.04 and 0.06 mm for flexographic printing; for offset printing z. B. to a depth of 0.08 to 0.15 mm.
  • the cells are filled with a filling material so that they have the depth required initially. Suitable filling materials are vaporizable materials such as. B.
  • a plastic or wax The other materials that can also be applied and removed include z. B. copper. Suitable methods for removing the filling materials are, for example, laser ablation or etching. The particular method of removing the filler to restore the intended color transfer number depends on the type and composition of the filler.
  • fillers can be easily removed completely, e.g. B. evaporated by the laser.
  • Such fillers are e.g. B. plastics such as polyamide-11, epoxy resin, asphalt or polyethylene.
  • a method for restoring the cells for the desired color transfer number can be used, which provides for the removal of all the filler material from the cells, for example by evaporation, washing out with a suitable solvent or the like and then Refill the cells with a smaller amount of filler than that with which the cells were filled during the first fill step, but which is sufficient to restore the desired color transfer number.
  • the process can be carried out several times, so that in this way a long-term use of the surface structure of the anilox roller is guaranteed, that is to say the steel cylinder with a surface into which the wells have been introduced and each are connected to one another by ridges or webs, which in turn are subject to wear.
  • the webs or ridges can be made of a hard, wear-resistant material, such as. B. is known from DE 40 36 661 C1.
  • a printing press comprises a transfer cylinder 1 (Fig. 1), which is also referred to as a blanket cylinder, for printing on a printing material web 2.
  • the printing material web 2 is between the Transfer cylinder 1 and a printing cylinder 3 guided, which can also be a transfer or blanket cylinder of another printing unit, for example.
  • a forme cylinder 4 transfers printing ink to the transfer cylinder 1 in accordance with a subject to be printed.
  • the printing ink is applied to the forme cylinder 4 via an inking roller 5.
  • the inking roller 5 receives the printing ink from an anilox roller 6.
  • the printing ink is applied to this in turn from an ink supply unit 7.
  • the chamber-shaped ink supply unit 7 receives the printing ink from an ink supply via a supply line 7d.
  • the ink feed has, for example, a pump (not shown here) for feeding the printing ink into the ink chamber 7c.
  • a dampening unit 8 has a water tank 11, an ink duct 10, a moisture transfer roller 9 and a dampening roller 8a, which applies a dampening solution to the forme cylinder 4, for example an aqueous liquid.
  • the cylinders and rollers move in the directions of rotation shown in FIG. 1.
  • an anilox roller 6 ' (FIG. 2) transfers the printing ink directly to a forme cylinder 1'.
  • the anilox roller 6, 6 ' consists of a metallic base body 12 (Fig. 3), which is preferably made of steel.
  • a ceramic layer 13 covers the surface of the base body 12; Cells 14 are formed in layer 13.
  • the inner walls of the cells 14 are provided with a layer 15 of copper in order to make the cells 14 hydrophobic or oleophilic so that they absorb and retain printing ink.
  • the layer 15 can be applied by various methods, for example by vapor deposition. Ridges or webs 16 remain between the walls of the cells 14.
  • the outer surface 17 of the ridges 16 forms the outer surface Surface of the anilox roller 6, 6 '. This is preferably ground in order to obtain an exact centricity of the anilox roller 6, 6 'with respect to its pin.
  • the anilox roller 6, 6 ' can be polished or lapped.
  • the hard ceramic material from which the layer 13 is made is applied to the base body 12, for example by spraying.
  • the formation of the cells 14 can be carried out in various ways, for example by laser ablation; DE 40 36 661 C1 describes another process for their production.
  • Doctor blades 7a, 7b move on surfaces 17 of webs 16.
  • doctor blades 7a, 7b which are usually made of hardened steel and are easily interchangeable, wear the outer surface, i.e. the surface 17. This reduces the diameter of the anilox roller 6, 6 'by a small amount, which, however, cannot be neglected during operation of the printing press.
  • the cells 14 are designed so that they have a predetermined volume.
  • the cells 14 are usually not cylindrical in shape, but may be formed as shown in Fig. 3 or 6.
  • the cells 14 have a depth H1.
  • a cell 14a (Fig. 4a) has a depth H1a etched into the layer at the start of printing. This creates webs 16a between the walls of the cells 14a.
  • the layer 13 consists of an abrasion-resistant material.
  • the doctor blades 7a, 7b grind and use the surfaces 17a during operation of the printing machine, so that the depth of the cells 14a is reduced from the initial extent H1a to an extent H1b (FIG. 4b), while the webs 16a are reduced to that Dimension 16b are removed.
  • the cells 14a are filled with a filling material 20 to a depth H2a.
  • the volume that is used to hold the printing ink is in this way smaller than the volume of the cells 14 a that have been introduced into the layer 13. Due to the wear of the anilox roller 6, this volume decreases over time (Fig. 4a, b). Accordingly, the amount of color that can be absorbed by the remaining space in the cells 14b is less than that which the cells 14a (FIG. 4a) absorb. As a result, the ink transfer number of the anilox roller 6, 6 'changes accordingly.
  • the original color transfer number can be restored, as is shown schematically in FIG. 4c, by reducing the level of the filling material 20 to a depth H2c.
  • the ink transfer number of the anilox roller 6, 6 'with the cells 14c is therefore the same as that of the new anilox roller 6, 6' from FIG. 4a.
  • the change in the level of the filling material 20 in the cells 14c can be achieved by various methods, for example by removing the filling material 20 from the cells 14b and by refilling the cells 14b with the filling material 20 to the depth H2c or by selectively removing as much Filling material 20 from cells 14b (Fig. 4b) to only leave as much as is shown in Fig. 4c.
  • the removal can be carried out, for example, by exposing the cells 14a to laser beams in order to melt or allow the filling material 20 to evaporate.
  • the filling material 20 can also be removed in another way, for example by etching or another suitable removal method. Because cells 14a, b are very small, careful control of the removal tool is required. A laser is very effective and the preferred removal tool for many purposes.
  • the thickness of the layer 13 should initially preferably be three times the maximum depth of the cells 14a in order to still be sufficient even after the removal processes To leave layer material on the base body 12.
  • the cells 14a are deep enough to allow a partial filling of the cells 14a and a subsequent partial removal of the filling material 20, for example from a dimension H2a to a dimension H2c.
  • This partial deepening of the cells 14a, 14b, 14c can be carried out several times in succession until the anilox roller 6, 6 'is worn down to such an extent that no filling material 20 covers the bottom of the cells 14c.
  • the filling level of the filling material 20 changes to the extent that the dimension H1 (FIG. 3) changes, which depends on the diameter of the roller 6, 6 ′, as shown in FIG. 5.
  • the cell 14 shown there has a cross section in the form of a negative sine half-wave.
  • the original depth of cell 14 is H1a, as shown in Figure 4a.
  • the cell 14 has only a depth H1b analogous to FIG. 4b.
  • the volume 25 Fig.
  • the change in the printing density D (FIG. 6, ordinate) can therefore be expressed as a function of the operating time, ie the hours that the anilox roller 6, 6 'has run t (abscissa); this was due to the Invention derived from empirical values.
  • the reduction in the volume of the cells 14 during the operation of the printing press is non-linear with respect to the operating time t.
  • the actual effect on ink transfer is the combination of the volume loss of cells 14 and the transfer efficiency of the ink.
  • the ink transfer number is influenced by the surface tension of the printing ink and the surface proportion of the cells 14, based on their volume. This dependency is expressed in the curve shown in FIG. 6.
  • the still tolerable range of fluctuation in color density is designated by d.
  • t B After a certain operating time t B , the volume of the cells 14 available for the ink transfer abruptly decreases, and accordingly the ink density and the ink transfer number. This drop can be determined experimentally or perceptually by the fact that the color application becomes weak and the print density falls below the still tolerable range d.
  • the volume of the cells 14 must be restored by removing the previously filled filling material 20.
  • the knee in the curve of the print density D as a function of the operating time t can also be determined on the basis of the reduced transferred color density.
  • the structure of the anilox roller 6, 6 'itself is known per se; it preferably has a base body 12 made of steel, which is coated, for example, with copper, nickel, asphalt or a similar plastic, such as, for example, polyamide 11 or the like.
  • the cells 14 are preferably formed in the ceramic layer 13, which was previously applied to the base body 12. Suitable ceramics contain, for example, chromium oxide (Cr 2 O 3 ), aluminum oxide or the like.
  • the cells 14 are preferably laterally coated with copper or a similar oleophilic material, and the filling material 20 described above is then filled up. The removal of the filling material 20, for example by means of a Lasers, by etching or the like, is carried out when the knee of the curve (FIG.
  • the filler 20 is at least partially removed, for example by evaporation, erosion or etching, until the volume dimension 25 is reached, which is necessary to retain an appropriate amount of ink, which is necessary for printing, and to achieve the desired color transfer number .
  • the anilox roller 6, 6 ' it is not necessary for the anilox roller 6, 6 'to have a highly abrasion-resistant layer on the base body 12 made of steel right from the start.
  • the anilox roller 6, 6 'can for example, have a jacket made of copper around the base body 12, into which the cells 14 are etched according to a further exemplary embodiment of the invention, but in contrast to the prior art they have a depth H1a (FIG. 5) have, which is much larger than would be necessary to achieve the desired color transfer number.
  • the filler 20 is then filled into these cells 14, as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5.
  • a base body 12 made of steel which has a diameter of, for example, 25 cm.
  • a shell or a layer made of a ceramic material with a thickness of 0.25 to 0.35 mm is used.
  • the cells 14 are initially 0.04 to 0.06 mm deep. The cells can be restored or expanded into the depth of the casing or layer 13 after the anilox roller 6 'has been superficially worn during operation. This is possible, for example, twice before the layer 13 as a whole has to be newly applied with a new cell structure.
  • the filling material 20 can be filled into the cells 14, for example, by a thermal transfer method in which a carrier layer which is used here has a fairly thick coating with the filling material and is pressed against the surface of the anilox roller 6, 6 'with the cells 14 becomes.
  • the carrier layer is then heated and the filling material, for example wax, polyethylene or the like, melts and is deposited in the cells 14, so that these are partially filled (FIG. 4a).
  • the anilox roller 6, 6 ' has been in operation for a while and has worn out (FIG.
  • this filling material 20 can easily be removed completely, for example by washing with a suitable solvent, by mechanical removal or by spraying with chemicals from a nozzle underneath high pressure so that the chemicals dissolve the filler 20 or the like; a filling material 20 can then be deposited again in the cells 14, but in a smaller amount.
  • This second deposit can be applied in the same way as for the first deposit, in that a film is placed on the surface of the anilox roller 6 using the thermal transfer process, but the film has an inner coating for the material to be filled in the cells 14, which is then deposited by melting in the cells 14 (FIG. 4c) itself.
  • Existing cells 14 can be deepened after they have worn out, preferably by using a laser.
  • the operating time t B during which this process becomes necessary can easily be determined by a few experiments. This time period depends on the resistance of the outer surface of the anilox roller 6, 6 ', on the material of the doctor blades 7a, 7b, their contact pressure and other factors. If copper is used for the outer layer that surrounds the base body 12, a layer of chrome can additionally be applied to the copper layer, which can also form the inner wall layer 15 of the cells 14, into which the filler material 20, for example wax or the like is introduced.
  • the use of a material that can be melted off from a film is known, for example from US Pat. No. 5,072,671.
  • the filling material 20 can also be, for example, a varnish of the type used in gravure cylinders in order to reduce the cell depth.
  • the filler 20 must also be insoluble in the printing ink, as well as in the solvents for the printing ink, however, it must attract or absorb the printing ink. If water is used as a solvent in flexographic printing, it must be assumed that the filler 20 for the anilox roller 6 'is water-insoluble.

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  • Inking, Control Or Cleaning Of Printing Machines (AREA)
  • Manufacture Or Reproduction Of Printing Formes (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Procédé pour commander et régler la quantité disponible d'une encre d'impression pour le transfert de l'encre par un cylindre tramé (6,6'), dont la surface est pourvue de renfoncements ou de cellules (14), qui sont remplies en partie par un matériau de remplissage (20), ce qui a pour effet de fixer par avance un volume disponible pour le remplissage des renfoncements ou des cellules (14) avec l'encre d'impression, des barrettes ou des nervures (16) étant présentes entre les renfoncements ou les cellules (14) et le cylindre tramé (6,6') étant appliqué contre un couteau de racle (7a,7b) qui provoque une usure et un enlèvement de matière de surfaces (17) du cylindre tramé (6,6'), caractérisé en ce qu'au bout d'une durée prédéterminée de fonctionnement du cylindre tramé (6,6') dans la machine d'impression avec présence d'une usure, correspondant à cette durée de fonctionnement, du cylindre tramé (6,6') et réduction du diamètre des barrettes ou des nervures (16) entre les renfoncements ou les cellules (14) dans la direction radiale, qui conduit à une réduction du volume de l'encre dans les renfoncements ou dans les cellules (14), on rétablit le volume disponible des renfoncements ou des cellules (14) en réduisant la quantité du matériau de remplissage (20).
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'on augmente le volume disponible par ablation d'au moins une partie du matériau de remplissage (20) à l'intérieur des renfoncements ou des cellules (14), notamment en éliminant au moins une partie du matériau de remplissage (20), par corrosion ou par irradiation du matériau de remplissage (20) avec un laser.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce qu'on élimine l'ensemble du matériau de remplissage (20) des renfoncements ou des cellules (14), une fois que le volume a diminué sous l'effet de l'usure, et qu'on remplit une nouvelle fois avec le matériau de remplissage (20) les renfoncements ou les cellules (14) lors d'une seconde étape de remplissage, la quantité de remplissage étant cependant choisie inférieure à la quantité de remplissage utilisée au départ, le matériau de remplissage (20) étant notamment un matériau fusible, et l'élimination du matériau de remplissage (20) comprenant une évacuation par fusion du matériau de remplissage (20), ou que le matériau de remplissage (20) est soluble notamment dans un liquide et qu'on le dissout dans ce liquide ou on le lave avec ce liquide, de sorte qu'il subsiste une plus faible quantité du matériau de remplissage (20) dans les cellules (14), ou qu'on introduit à nouveau, mais en une plus faible quantité, le matériau de remplissage (20) dans les cellules (14).
  4. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce qu'on détermine la densité d'impression après une durée de fonctionnement déterminée du cylindre tramé (6,6') et qu'on augmente à nouveau le volume des cellules (14) lorsque la densité d'impression diminue brusquement.
  5. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce qu'on utilise un cylindre tramé (6,6'), dont le corps de base (12) est réalisé de préférence en acier et qui possède une couche superficielle (13) formée d'un matériau dont la surface peut être traitée, notamment une céramique ou du cuivre, et qu'on forme dans la couche (13) des renfoncements ou des cellules (14), que l'on remplit respectivement partiellement par un matériau de remplissage (20).
  6. Cylindre tramé (6,6') destiné à être utilisé pour un procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que le matériau de remplissage (20) est une matière plastique, de préférence du polyéthylène, ou une colle à deux constituants, de préférence une résine époxy.
  7. Cylindre tramé (6,6') selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que les surfaces extérieures des nervures ou des barrettes (16), qui forment la surface extérieure du cylindre tramé (6,6'), sont hydrophiles.
  8. Cylindre tramé (6,6') selon la revendication 6 ou 7, caractérisé en ce que les nervures ou les barrettes (16), qui sont formées entre les renfoncements ou les cellules (14), contiennent un métal résistant à l'usure, de préférence de l'oxyde de chrome ou de l'oxyde d'aluminium.
  9. Cylindre tramé (6,6') selon l'une des revendications 6 à 8, caractérisé en ce que la couche (13) possède une épaisseur qui est égale au moins au triple et de préférence au décuple de la profondeur (H1) des renfoncements ou des cellules (14).
  10. Cylindre tramé (6,6') selon l'une des revendications 6 à 9, caractérisé en ce que les parois intérieures des renfoncements ou des cellules (4) sont revêtues d'une couche (15).
  11. Cylindre tramé (6,6') selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce que la couche (15) est réalisée en cuivre.
EP94103738A 1993-03-15 1994-03-11 Procédé pour régler la quantité d'encre transférée par un rouleau anilox ainsi que pour rénover des rouleaux anilox usés et construction d'un rouleau anilox qui peut être rénové Revoked EP0615861B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US31643 1979-04-19
US08/031,643 US5370052A (en) 1993-03-15 1993-03-15 Method of controlling the quantity of printing ink and reconditioning used anilox rollers

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0615861A1 EP0615861A1 (fr) 1994-09-21
EP0615861B1 true EP0615861B1 (fr) 1997-05-07

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US (1) US5370052A (fr)
EP (1) EP0615861B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2584411B2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2119048C (fr)
DE (1) DE59402634D1 (fr)

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US6631676B2 (en) * 1995-02-07 2003-10-14 Man Roland Druckmaschinen Ag Process and apparatus for gravure
US5713288A (en) * 1995-08-03 1998-02-03 Frazzitta; Joseph R. Method and apparatus for use in offset printing
US5566618A (en) * 1995-08-03 1996-10-22 Frazzitta; Joseph Method and apparatus for use in offset printing
DE19645934A1 (de) * 1996-11-07 1998-05-14 Roland Man Druckmasch Rasterwalze innerhalb eines Auftragswerkes einer Rotationsdruckmaschine
US6058839A (en) * 1998-11-10 2000-05-09 Frazzitta; Joseph R. Computerized cutting method and apparatus for use in printing operations
JP2003503245A (ja) * 1999-06-30 2003-01-28 オーセ プリンティング システムズ ゲゼルシャフト ミットベシュレンクテル ハフツング 担体材料に印刷しかつ印刷ローラの清浄のための方法および印刷装置
JP2001030611A (ja) * 1999-07-27 2001-02-06 Nihon Tokkyo Kanri Co Ltd 水性グラビアインキを用いて行うグラビア印刷方法及びこの印刷方法の実施に用いられる版胴並びにこの印刷方法により印刷された印刷物
US6931991B1 (en) * 2004-03-31 2005-08-23 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. System for and method of manufacturing gravure printing plates
DE102006031682A1 (de) * 2006-07-08 2008-01-10 Man Roland Druckmaschinen Ag Flexodruckrasterwalze und Flexodruckverfahren
US20080240794A1 (en) * 2007-03-26 2008-10-02 Research Laboratories Of Australia Pty Ltd Printing machine incorporating plastic metering roller
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DE59402634D1 (de) 1997-06-12
EP0615861A1 (fr) 1994-09-21
CA2119048C (fr) 1998-10-20
CA2119048A1 (fr) 1994-09-16
US5370052A (en) 1994-12-06
JPH06297691A (ja) 1994-10-25
JP2584411B2 (ja) 1997-02-26

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