EP0600222A1 - Dispositif pouvant supporter un courant de foudre, muni d'au moins deux éclateurs connectés en série - Google Patents

Dispositif pouvant supporter un courant de foudre, muni d'au moins deux éclateurs connectés en série Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0600222A1
EP0600222A1 EP93117367A EP93117367A EP0600222A1 EP 0600222 A1 EP0600222 A1 EP 0600222A1 EP 93117367 A EP93117367 A EP 93117367A EP 93117367 A EP93117367 A EP 93117367A EP 0600222 A1 EP0600222 A1 EP 0600222A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
spark gap
insulating layer
arrangement according
resistance
spark
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP93117367A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0600222B1 (fr
Inventor
Johannes Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wiesinger
Wolfgang Dr.-Ing. Zischank
Peter Dr.-Ing. Hasse
Walter Dipl.-Ing. Aumeier (Fh)
Peter Dr.-Ing. Zahlmann
Raimund König
Georg Wittmann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Dehn SE and Co KG
Original Assignee
Dehn and Soehne GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Dehn and Soehne GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Dehn and Soehne GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP0600222A1 publication Critical patent/EP0600222A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0600222B1 publication Critical patent/EP0600222B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T4/00—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps
    • H01T4/16—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps having a plurality of gaps arranged in series
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T1/00—Details of spark gaps
    • H01T1/02—Means for extinguishing arc
    • H01T1/08—Means for extinguishing arc using flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01T1/10—Means for extinguishing arc using flow of arc-extinguishing fluid with extinguishing fluid evolved from solid material by heat of arc

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a lightning current-carrying arrangement with at least two spark gaps connected in series, each spark gap consisting of two electrodes and an insulating layer located between them, and a flashover gap being provided between the electrodes of a spark gap, and the thickness of at least one of the insulating layers being different than the thickness the remaining insulating layer (s) (preamble of claim 1).
  • a lightning current-carrying arrangement with at least two spark gaps connected in series, each spark gap consisting of two electrodes and an insulating layer located between them, and a flashover gap being provided between the electrodes of a spark gap, and the thickness of at least one of the insulating layers being different than the thickness the remaining insulating layer (s) (preamble of claim 1).
  • Such an arrangement is known from DE-OS 39 14 624, the insulation layers of different thicknesses being made of the same material and thus having the same specific resistance.
  • several spark gaps connected in series are known, each spark gap consisting of two electrodes and an insulating layer between
  • DE-PS 29 34 238 shows the use of insulating layers made of a material which, when heated, in particular heated by an arc, emits a gas which pushes it outwards or blows it.
  • H2 hydrogen gas
  • POM Polyoxymethylene
  • DE-PS 39 14 624 strives for a response voltage that is as low as possible with a high current carrying capacity and immediate deletion of the line follow current after the overvoltage has been ignited.
  • a surge arrester which shows a series connection of spark gap stacks and voltage-dependent resistors, the spark gap stacks and the voltage-dependent resistors alternating in series.
  • a control resistor is connected in parallel to each spark gap stack.
  • the space between this active part and an insulating housing surrounding it is filled with a foam whose pores contain an electronegative gas.
  • the basic task is to specifically dissipate the energy contained in the current pulse after the protection level has been reached, and thus to protect the downstream systems and devices.
  • the line follow current that arises when the spark gap is triggered should be safely extinguished in the next current zero crossing, or it should be guided through a backup without destruction until interrupted. There are sometimes conflicting requirements.
  • the response voltage of the spark gap should be as low as possible, which is usually achieved by a small distance between the electrodes of the spark gap.
  • the highest possible arc voltage at the flashover is favorable, but this can best be achieved using a large electrode gap, which in turn increases the response voltage (see above).
  • Other known measures for extinguishing the short-circuit current are also disadvantageous. For example, an increase in the field strength of the arc due to cooling requires a correspondingly large volume of the spark gap.
  • the series connection of several spark gaps, which is implemented in the aforementioned prior art, also causes an undesirable increase in the response voltage of the overall arrangement.
  • the object of the invention is to design an arrangement according to the preamble of claim 1 in such a way that a low response voltage with good extinguishing capacity of the line follow current and retention the required lightning current carrying capacity.
  • a first spark gap is provided with a relatively high-resistance and a relatively short flashover insulating layer
  • a second spark gap or a second and further spark gaps is or are provided which has or have an insulating layer that is relatively low-resistance compared to the first spark gap and has a relatively long flashover gap, the second spark gap or the second and further spark gaps being electrically connected in series with the first spark gap.
  • this spark gap is practically short-circuited, and thus most of the voltage is present on the second spark gap or on the second and further spark gaps, which also causes a flashover there.
  • This results in a quick and safe deletion of the short circuit or line follow current.
  • the above-mentioned division into several partial arcs is particularly favorable for re-consolidation after the current has passed through zero, since the instantaneous consolidation voltage is automatically multiplied when the arcs are multiplied. In this way, the re-ignition after the zero crossing of the current is prevented or at least significantly impeded.
  • the invention thus creates an arrangement of lightning current-carrying spark gaps for network applications, which is designed as a controlled multiple spark gaps, consisting of at least two spark gaps in series, with a response voltage that approximately corresponds to the response voltage of a single spark gap, that is to say can be kept relatively low.
  • the overvoltage that arrives in the event of a fault only finds a single spark gap, while the recurring voltage finds two spark gaps.
  • an optimized quenching behavior is achieved by "widening" the arc as a result of the serial multiple spark gap, by dividing the arc into at least two completely separate partial arcs.
  • the insulating layer of the first spark gap can either consist of a very high-resistance material, for example a pure polyoxymethylene (POM), but also of an air layer or a gas arrester.
  • the low-resistance insulation layers of the second spark gap or the second and further spark gaps of such an arrangement consist of an insulating material, the specific ohmic resistance of which is considerably smaller than that of the insulating layer of the first spark gap (claim 3).
  • This can be the aforementioned POM, for example, but is essential with its conductivity compared to pure POM increasing additives made of conductive particles, such as metal or graphite.
  • the insulating layers of both the first and the second or further spark gaps are made from a gas-blowing material such as the above-mentioned POM (claims 4 and 5), there are still further advantages with regard to extinguishing the arc.
  • the spark gaps of the arrangement can be arranged spatially one above the other. This has the advantage of a very compact construction.
  • the flashover path is a sliding spark gap. This is particularly advantageous in connection with an insulating material which, when heated by the arc, emits a gas that pushes or blows the arc outwards (e.g. the above-mentioned POM which emits hydrogen (H2)).
  • an insulating material which, when heated by the arc, emits a gas that pushes or blows the arc outwards (e.g. the above-mentioned POM which emits hydrogen (H2)).
  • the invention also provides possibilities for varying the course and direction of the sliding spark gaps and the blow-out direction by appropriately configuring the insulating layers and the electrodes of the spark gap.
  • the insulating layer consists of a high-resistance material 3, for example the above-mentioned pure POM, while the insulating layer 4 of the low-resistance spark gap 5 'consists of a material with a conductivity that is substantially greater than the conductivity of the material of the layer 3 This can be, for example, a POM with corresponding contamination from particles of metal or graphite.
  • the ratio of the aforementioned conductivities (or reciprocally the ratio of the specific resistances) of the materials of the insulating layers 4 and 3 to one another can be, for example, up to 10,000: 1.
  • the electrodes 1, 2 and 1 'as well as the described insulating layer 4 according to FIG. 1a are also provided.
  • an air layer 3 ' At the location of layer 3 made of a high-resistance material there is an air layer 3 '.
  • a gas discharge tube could also be arranged (not in the drawing shown).
  • the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1c is based on the design of the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1a, but a further spark gap 5 ′′ is also provided.
  • the electrode 1 ' serves as a common electrode for the spark gaps 5' and 5 '', while the spark gap 5 '' also has an electrode 1 '' on the underside.
  • the flashover points of the two low-impedance spark gaps 5 ', 5' 'and thus the partial arcs 6', 6 '' that arise on them are also larger than the flashover gap and thus as the arc 6 of the high-resistance spark gap 5.
  • spark gaps are both electrically connected in series, and are or can be arranged spatially in a series. If necessary, a third or fourth low-resistance spark gap could also be provided and arranged below the spark gap 5 ′′ in FIG. 1c.
  • Fig. 1a to c shows that in this simplified version - as mentioned - in principle the different lengths of the flashover distances and thus the arcs occurring there by appropriate choice of the thickness of the insulating layers 3, 3 ', 4 between the can reach respective electrodes.
  • the flashover paths run as sliding spark gaps along the jackets of the disks 3, 4 forming the insulating layers, or in the case of the insulating layer 3 'of FIG Electrodes 1, 2.
  • the spark gaps according to the invention are designed to be rotationally symmetrical, preferably cylindrical, at least in the area of the above-mentioned sliding spark gaps.
  • a high-resistance spark gap initially isolates one or more low-resistance spark gaps from the network and thus determines the response voltage.
  • both the high-resistance and the low-resistance spark gaps or the low-resistance spark gaps form the explained arcs and extinguish the line follow current.
  • the large flashover paths preferably sliding discharge paths of the low-resistance spark gap or the low-resistance spark gaps, create an increased striking distance and thus increased arc length of the arcs 6 '. This gives the above-mentioned advantages for the deletion of the network follow-up current without, however, adversely affecting the response behavior of the overall arrangement.
  • the intrinsic dynamics of the arc ie its pushing outward, is increased. This results in additional energy losses from the arc as a result of the cooling that occurs, which further improves the extinguishing behavior of the arcs.
  • the serial coupling according to the invention of several low-resistance spark gaps to one high-resistance spark gap only slightly changes the response behavior of the overall arrangement.
  • the high-resistance spark gap and the low-resistance spark gap or low-resistance spark gaps work together as explained, a functional separation takes place insofar as the high-resistance spark gap primarily fulfills the task of "isolating” and “responding”, while the low-resistance spark gaps more the function "deleting the line follow current " take over.
  • FIG. 1a shows details of an embodiment according to the invention, which is constructed in principle according to FIG. 1a, but the rollover distances according to details A and B are designed differently than in Fig. 1a.
  • the two spark gaps 5 and 5 'consisting of parts 1, 3, 2 on the one hand and 2, 4, 1' on the other hand are provided in a common housing 7, which is closed at its ends with external contact plates 8, which connecting lugs 8 'for connections , for example clamp clips.
  • the housing 7 is lined on the inside with two quenching chamber walls 9 which surround quenching chambers 10.
  • An arcing chamber 10 is therefore provided for each of the spark gaps 5, 5 ′, these arcing chambers being separated from the electrode 2 in the present exemplary embodiment.
  • the housing 7 is preferably made of an insulating material, so that it only has to be insulated from the contact plates 8 in the event that a continuous electrical connection can be formed by the arc through a conductive deposit on the inner wall of the housing.
  • Cover plates 22 are used for this purpose, which are designed in such a way that they enclose the electrodes in a ring shape, separated by a narrow gap 23 (see in particular FIG. 6).
  • the width of the gap 23 and the width of the annular cover plate 22 are in such a relationship that an evaporation-free zone 23 'is formed on the rear ring surface, in which no conductive connection is possible due to the spreading of the arc or the spreading of the metal vapor-transporting gas . A vaporization barrier is thus formed.
  • the quenching chamber walls 9 are preferably made of a plastic which, when heated, emits a gas which presses the arc and combustion gases inside the quenching chambers 10 through an outlet opening 11 to the outside.
  • the contact and cover plates 8, 22 also serve to close off the quenching chambers 10 to the outside. Screws 12 are used to screw the contact plates 8 to the housing 7. They also establish the contact pressure between the electrodes 1, 2 and 2, 1 'and their insulating layers 3, 4.
  • the insulating layer 3 of the high-resistance spark gap 5 is considerably thicker than the insulating layer 4 of the low-resistance spark gap 5 '.
  • this has no influence on the achievement of the effect according to the invention, since the voltage drops which arise, given the large difference in the specific resistances of the layers 3, 4, are not appreciably influenced by the thicknesses of these insulating layers.
  • the further parameter which is decisive for creating the success according to the invention is the difference in the lengths of the rollover sections 6, 6 '. These arcing paths are shown in the form of sliding spark gaps 6, 6 'in the details A and B according to FIGS. 4 and 5. In the case of the detail A (FIG.
  • the length of the region d of the insulating layer 5 projecting upward above the electrode 2 is decisive for the size of the sliding spark gap 6 which arises there.
  • the arcs which arise are horizontal / vertical (as in the present exemplary embodiment), but also to run vertically / vertically or horizontally / horizontally or also at an acute angle to the longitudinal axis of the spark gap.
  • the ratio of the lengths of the arc 6 'of the low-resistance spark gap to the arc 6 of the high-resistance spark gap can also be different from that shown in the drawing. In practice, ranges from 4: 1 to 5: 1 are preferred, but the invention is not limited to these.
  • the insulating layers are made of a material which emits a gas when heated (for example the above-mentioned POM), the gas pushes the arc outwards in accordance with arrow 13 until, in the case of detail A, it initially acts as an arc 14 between the Edges 15 and 16 are present or, in the case of detail B, as an arc 17 between the edges 2 'and 18.
  • the electrode 2 is provided with a circumferential web 2a in the high-resistance spark gap, which forms the edge 16, while the electrode 2 has the edge 2 'on the underside and the electrode 1' has the edge 18. This results in an overall length of the arcs that is greater than the total length of the arcs 6, 6 '. This favors the deletion process.
  • the insulating layer 3 is effective for the formation of the sliding spark gap and thus for the arc 6, which is above the dash-dotted line 19.
  • the area of the insulation 3 located below the line 19 is inactive for arcing. It serves on the one hand to hold the insulating layer 3 in the electrode 2 and also because of its mass for thermal stabilization in that it absorbs part of the heat which arises at the active part of this insulating layer located above the line 19.
  • the part of the insulating layer 3, which is below the line 19 and thus within a recess of the electrode 2 causes that by the arc temperature Conditional material losses are located from the area of the spark gap 6, ie the edge of the insulating layer 3 (see FIG.
  • the shifting of the arcs to the area between the edges 15, 16 and 2 ', 18 also leads to a substantial thermal relief of the insulating material 3 and 4 in the area of the arcs 6, 6 'and the associated areas of the electrodes.
  • the above-mentioned thickening of the insulating layers also contributes to increasing their thermal stability, as is shown by means of the insulating layer 3. Accordingly, the mass of the insulating layer 4 could also be increased (not shown in the drawing).
  • This and the above-described displacement of the arc to an area further away from the insulating material and the electrodes eliminates the risk of damaging erosion on the insulating layers and the electrodes. In extreme cases, such a thermal erosion could burn away the entire insulating layer 3 or 4 and thus short-circuit the spark gap.
  • the materials of the electrodes which are preferably used here are extremely resistant to erosion.

Landscapes

  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Insulators (AREA)
EP93117367A 1992-11-28 1993-10-27 Dispositif pouvant supporter un courant de foudre, muni d'au moins deux éclateurs connectés en série Expired - Lifetime EP0600222B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4240138A DE4240138C2 (de) 1992-11-28 1992-11-28 Blitzstromtragfähige Anordnung mit zumindest zwei in Reihe geschalteten Funkenstrecken
DE4240138 1992-11-28

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0600222A1 true EP0600222A1 (fr) 1994-06-08
EP0600222B1 EP0600222B1 (fr) 1995-12-27

Family

ID=6473954

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP93117367A Expired - Lifetime EP0600222B1 (fr) 1992-11-28 1993-10-27 Dispositif pouvant supporter un courant de foudre, muni d'au moins deux éclateurs connectés en série

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US5450274A (fr)
EP (1) EP0600222B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE132303T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE4240138C2 (fr)
DK (1) DK0600222T3 (fr)
ES (1) ES2083815T3 (fr)
ZA (1) ZA938909B (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1542323B1 (fr) 2003-11-28 2018-01-10 Dehn + Söhne GmbH + Co. KG Dispositif de protection contre les surtensions, utilisant un éclateur, comprenant au moins deux électrodes principales enfermées dans un boîtier étanche
EP2827462B1 (fr) 2010-08-17 2019-03-13 Dehn + Söhne Gmbh + Co. Kg Dispositif d'ignition d'éclateurs

Families Citing this family (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN2185466Y (zh) * 1994-02-05 1994-12-14 杨炳霖 浪涌吸收管
DE19510181C1 (de) * 1995-03-21 1996-06-05 Dehn & Soehne Anordnung zur Ableitung von Überspannungen und zur Löschung des Netzfolgestromes
DE19543022C1 (de) * 1995-11-18 1996-12-19 Bettermann Obo Gmbh & Co Kg Überspannungsschutzelement
DE19615521C2 (de) * 1996-04-19 2000-10-19 Dehn & Soehne Funkenstrecke
DE19742302A1 (de) * 1997-09-25 1999-04-08 Bettermann Obo Gmbh & Co Kg Blitzstromtragfähige Funkenstrecke
DE10060426B4 (de) * 2000-11-24 2004-04-15 Dehn + Söhne Gmbh + Co. Kg Gekapselter Überspannungsableiter mit mindestens einer Funkenstrecke
DE10133848A1 (de) * 2001-07-12 2003-02-20 Dehn & Soehne Blitzstrom- und Überspannungsableiter für Nieder- und Mittelspannungsnetze
DE10140950B4 (de) * 2001-08-01 2006-10-19 Dehn + Söhne Gmbh + Co. Kg Gekapselter Überspannungsableiter auf Funkenstreckenbasis
DE20220908U1 (de) * 2001-12-17 2004-07-29 Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co. Kg Überspannungsschutzeinrichtung
DE10212697A1 (de) * 2001-12-17 2003-07-10 Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co Überspannungsschutzeinrichtung
DE102008049471A1 (de) 2007-10-15 2009-11-12 Dehn + Söhne Gmbh + Co. Kg Funkenstreckenanordnung für höhere Bemessungsspannungen
DE102008049458A1 (de) 2007-10-15 2009-04-30 Dehn + Söhne Gmbh + Co. Kg Funkenstreckenanordnung für höhere Bemessungsspannungen
DE102011102864A1 (de) * 2010-10-22 2012-04-26 Dehn + Söhne GmbH Funkenstrecke mit mehreren in Reihe geschalteten, in Stapelanordnung befindlichen Einzelfunkenstrecken

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE327016C (de) * 1919-03-16 1920-10-06 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Aus mehreren Elementen bestehender UEberspannungsableiter nach dem Durchschlagsprinzip
CH215001A (de) * 1940-06-11 1941-05-31 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Uberspannungsableiter für Hoch- und Höchstspannungen.
GB877694A (en) * 1958-10-20 1961-09-20 Ass Elect Ind Improvements relating to protective devices for electrical equipment
EP0024584A1 (fr) * 1979-08-24 1981-03-11 ANT Nachrichtentechnik GmbH Dispositif de dérivation de surtensions avec éclateur
DE2934238A1 (de) * 1979-08-24 1981-03-26 Dehn + Söhne GmbH + Co KG, 90489 Nürnberg Funkenstrecke
DE3914624A1 (de) * 1989-05-03 1990-11-08 Dehn & Soehne Anordnung mit zumindest zwei funkenstrecken fuer die begrenzung von ueberspannungen

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH449106A (de) * 1966-07-19 1967-12-31 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Uberspannungsableiter
DE3016265C2 (de) * 1980-04-26 1984-05-17 ANT Nachrichtentechnik GmbH, 7150 Backnang Überspannungsableiter mit Funkenstrecke

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE327016C (de) * 1919-03-16 1920-10-06 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Aus mehreren Elementen bestehender UEberspannungsableiter nach dem Durchschlagsprinzip
CH215001A (de) * 1940-06-11 1941-05-31 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Uberspannungsableiter für Hoch- und Höchstspannungen.
GB877694A (en) * 1958-10-20 1961-09-20 Ass Elect Ind Improvements relating to protective devices for electrical equipment
EP0024584A1 (fr) * 1979-08-24 1981-03-11 ANT Nachrichtentechnik GmbH Dispositif de dérivation de surtensions avec éclateur
DE2934238A1 (de) * 1979-08-24 1981-03-26 Dehn + Söhne GmbH + Co KG, 90489 Nürnberg Funkenstrecke
DE2934236A1 (de) * 1979-08-24 1981-03-26 Ant Nachrichtentechnik Gmbh, 71522 Backnang Ueberspannungsableiter mit funkenstrecke
DE3914624A1 (de) * 1989-05-03 1990-11-08 Dehn & Soehne Anordnung mit zumindest zwei funkenstrecken fuer die begrenzung von ueberspannungen

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1542323B1 (fr) 2003-11-28 2018-01-10 Dehn + Söhne GmbH + Co. KG Dispositif de protection contre les surtensions, utilisant un éclateur, comprenant au moins deux électrodes principales enfermées dans un boîtier étanche
EP2937956B1 (fr) 2003-11-28 2018-05-09 Dehn + Söhne Gmbh + Co Kg Dispositif de protection contre les surtensions, utilisant un éclateur, comprenant au moins deux électrodes principales enfermées dans un boîtier étanche
EP2827462B1 (fr) 2010-08-17 2019-03-13 Dehn + Söhne Gmbh + Co. Kg Dispositif d'ignition d'éclateurs

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DK0600222T3 (da) 1996-01-29
DE59301256D1 (de) 1996-02-08
ES2083815T3 (es) 1996-04-16
US5450274A (en) 1995-09-12
EP0600222B1 (fr) 1995-12-27
DE4240138C2 (de) 1995-05-24
ATE132303T1 (de) 1996-01-15
ZA938909B (en) 1994-08-02
DE4240138A1 (de) 1994-06-01

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