EP0590315B1 - Elément chauffant, en particulier pour appareils de cuisine - Google Patents

Elément chauffant, en particulier pour appareils de cuisine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0590315B1
EP0590315B1 EP93113723A EP93113723A EP0590315B1 EP 0590315 B1 EP0590315 B1 EP 0590315B1 EP 93113723 A EP93113723 A EP 93113723A EP 93113723 A EP93113723 A EP 93113723A EP 0590315 B1 EP0590315 B1 EP 0590315B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
longitudinal
holding members
support device
support
holding member
Prior art date
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EP93113723A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0590315A3 (fr
EP0590315A2 (fr
Inventor
Martin Gross
Werner Renz
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EGO Elektro Geratebau GmbH
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EGO Elektro Geratebau GmbH
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/68—Heating arrangements specially adapted for cooking plates or analogous hot-plates
    • H05B3/74—Non-metallic plates, e.g. vitroceramic, ceramic or glassceramic hobs, also including power or control circuits
    • H05B3/748—Resistive heating elements, i.e. heating elements exposed to the air, e.g. coil wire heater

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a heater according to the preamble of Claim 1 and is based on US-A-600 '057.
  • Such or similar devices can at least an elongated resistor, like a heating resistor, a series resistor, a luminous resistor or Like.
  • Radiant heaters are preferred for Cooking equipment for heating a hotplate, an oven muffle or other used.
  • the radiant heater forms expediently a functional self-contained pre-assembled unit, as a whole on a corresponding Device, e.g. a hob, a muffle wall or Like. To be attached.
  • Component may be provided, which is particularly suitable The effect or operation of the heater (e.g. the Direction and distribution of the heat output) influenced.
  • This component can be one or more separate or integrated with it through one-piece training or the like Have bracket sections, support legs or the like., which, if necessary, for mutual support with a single counter surface or opposite counter surfaces serves.
  • Support legs can be over at least a quarter to a third or half the length or substantially over the entire length of the component continuously and thus e.g. a strip-like edge zone of the component form, the longitudinal edge of the end vertex of the support leg forms.
  • the distance successive support legs may be provided.
  • the respective support leg not from a flat or film-like starting material by cutting or cutting manufactured along its edge boundary, but e.g. due to permanent bending deformation from a wire-like Material, it can be bow-shaped or partially ring-shaped or as Be formed section of a coil.
  • the cross section of this starting material is not polygonal, e.g. rectangular or square, but circular or is flat oval or elliptical
  • the support area lies in a distance from the linear apex of the edge boundary, which is at least the minimum or maximum cross-sectional thickness corresponds to the starting material, this Measure the distance approximately at right angles to the edge boundary is.
  • the support leg is advantageously flat insofar as its width or length is at least 2-, 4- or 30 times greater than the specified material thickness.
  • the heater is structurally arranged so that at least one component or resistor on its heating side then at least over part of its length from the outside is visible if this heating side is not through a cooking vessel or the like. is blocked or covered.
  • the heater or the respective resistor is advantageous with a translucent cover, e.g. B. a glass ceramic plate shielded and thus protected against direct contact.
  • the component can also have longitudinal sections or essentially throughout its length essentially completely recessed or embedded or encapsulated his.
  • the firmness is not just that during operation, but also before and during the Assembly essential because here particularly high mechanical Loads can occur. Protects against these loads not if after inserting the support leg into his Operating position an end section for positive locking is angled at right angles, because only then through the Angular shape gives a certain stiffening. In this operating situation then forms the non-prefabricated bend together with the transversely protruding end leg the end apex at the free end of the support leg.
  • the so-called perceptible with the human eye Glow pattern of a resistor in the visible infrared radiation range is operated depends on numerous Factors, e.g. the intended electrical operating power, Cross-sectional changes in resistance, the thermal coupling or the shape of the resistor to the extent that this affects the current flow.
  • the heating resistor e.g. as in the case of DE-A-2 551 137 as meandering flat material strips are formed, this results in performance concentrations in the range of protruding ends of the meander cutouts. Therefore take Projections opposite these protruding ends are provided on the outer edges of the meandering projections, practically no visible influence on the glow pattern in one such a case that this resistance is visible at all Radiation area would be operated.
  • US-A-600 057 shows a flat resistor with a single support leg that only in the elastic range is curved in that it is for connection to the base body is laid in alternating directions. The connection between support leg and base body is done by pouring in a glass or other curing insulation.
  • the invention is further based on the object To create radiant heaters, at which disadvantages are known Training or the type described are avoided and the particularly secure assembly connections for weak dimensioned components or an effective influence of the visible glow pattern guaranteed with simple training.
  • Means are also proposed to one or both of the support surfaces, also referred to below as support flanks, of a weakly dimensioned one Component in its strength e.g. by influencing that the respective support flank of the support members or the support area, also referred to as the support leg a pre-defined profile is assigned.
  • a pre-defined profile is assigned.
  • Can too at least one side surface or support flank in an in Distance from the end of the profile area are at least partially in an orientation that of one to the straight or curved longitudinal central axis of the Component rectangular and / or parallel alignment deviates, the material cross section of the support flank having section in the profile area of a centric symmetrical cross section deviates in that state which this section occupies.
  • the profile area can also be approximately parallel to the longitudinal direction mentioned and / or in at least one, two or more inclined positions opposite to this longitudinal direction, e.g. alternating Take directions.
  • a bow-shaped Support leg can this apart from a possible spiral pitch also in the area of at least one stirrup leg and / or the temple crest one or more times across
  • the plane of the bow or slope should be curved so that e.g. in the Cross section associated with the longitudinal direction of the leg Areas offset from each other transversely to the named plane are.
  • profiling By profiling or the like. Means for change, in particular to increase the stated strengths, in particular the stiffness are created. It can also profiling e.g. spade-shaped gutter or Form leadership profile by mutual, essentially full-surface frictional engagement in the counter surface Pull-off protection forms, however, during assembly or the like. a form-fitting guide against lateral movements guaranteed. Furthermore, the profiling can be transverse to it Resiliently stretchable and / or compressible in the longitudinal direction Compensation profile for mechanical, thermal or similar Form tensions. Furthermore, the profiling is large thermal coupling to the counter surface. Is the profiling in one to all directions essentially rigidly connected to the component or forms one Continuation of a profile deformation of this component, so can the essential strength of the component influence or increase.
  • the profiling in their area the heating effect e.g. by influencing that it is only in the manner of a parallel resistor or the like Current flows through part or all of the length of the leg and thereby the heating power in their area opposite adjacent longitudinal sections of the Component increased or decreased.
  • the profile can also be parallel in a cross section be provided to the longitudinal direction of the leg, but is appropriate essentially only in cross sections provided at right angles to the longitudinal direction of the leg in order to simple way to form a plug-in link without previous
  • Making a plug opening in a suitable one Material can be pierced while keeping the backlash free produces a plug-in opening that is exactly adapted to it, which it then attaches to open end or close to the free surface of the material closes.
  • the profiling is then useful in all Longitudinal cuts parallel to the longitudinal or plug-in direction on both opposite or complementary sides to each other over the entire insertion depth or leg length parallel surface lines, which also continue in a straight line over most of the height or the entire height of the Component can be continued in a straight line.
  • the training according to the invention is also to support the Support leg only in the area of an edge surface or the End parting suitable.
  • You can also, if necessary at im substantially flat outer shape, through a two or more layers Formation of the support leg be formed, wherein Adjacent layers lie against one another over a large or full area and / or a small distance of about the order of magnitude Have material thickness from each other.
  • the multilayer can e.g. can be achieved in a simple manner by folding, the each folding edge the end apex and / or a side Long edge of the support leg can form and become one Thickening of the cross section leads.
  • the bracket section or the component is appropriate initially from a flat or flat and not pre-profiled Layer material, such as a thin sheet, after which the profiles are produced and thereby the effective length of the component is shortened.
  • On single cut can be two complementary at the same time Edge surfaces of two before complete separation form mirror-symmetrical components that so e.g. can be produced completely waste-free if one Projection or support leg of a component in its Outline form exactly that of the gap between two protrusions of the other component.
  • At least one profile of a component or support leg to provide as a fine profile, at of the two profile legs starting from a profile vertex a large distance depending on the requirements from each other or a length of less than two to less than half a millimeter apart. Between These values can be measured in increments of one Vary tenths of a millimeter.
  • effective length of the component or resistance material in many cases greater than the actual length of this component in the Operating condition, i.e. its installed length. In the event of a resistance is particularly useful if this has a nominal voltage of more than 230 V, e.g.
  • a coarser undulating profile in itself provided with a finer wavy profile be that e.g. a full wave of coarser profiles 5, 10 or even 20 full waves of finer profiling.
  • Means for increasing the resistance value or for limiting of the mainly resistive area can only in individual longitudinal sections and / or over the entire length of resistance continuously through through the Initial material cross-section formed through breakthroughs his.
  • Such breakthroughs can be in the support leg or in the main part of the component, two or more rows parallel to its longitudinal direction be provided and influence the heating behavior of the Heater in the relevant section.
  • can a Most of the openings are grid-like and close together lying in a field and a variety of such Fields can span the length of the component with larger spacing to be distributed. In the area of the respective opening then forms the support leg only with a part of its leg length a resistant one Area.
  • Training also means or a procedure for adjustment proposed the resistance value of a resistor. Then the actual value of the resistance value is recorded with the Comparison of the setpoint, from which the actual value deviation is determined and derived from it without changing the effective resistance length the resistor worked so that its resistance value the target value is approximated or adjusted.
  • the Machining is not done at the ends of the resistor string, but in the distance between them through cross-section thickening and / or material removal, e.g. by manufacturing of the folds or breakthroughs mentioned. Are such breakthroughs provided anyway, can be used to approximate the Resistance values of their intermediate distances and / or sizes can be varied continuously, which makes it extremely precise Resistance adjustment is possible.
  • the material removal can be done with computer or microprocessor-controlled laser beam kind of a finest perforation.
  • the respective Breakthrough can be a width of less than 1 or 0.5 mm or of more than 1.5 or 2 mm. In the same order of magnitude can also use the spacing between neighboring ones Breakthroughs.
  • a the heating power or temperature of the heater monitoring temperature sensor of a temperature limiter or the like in view the heating level is provided in an area in which at least the power or arrangement density of the heating or the heating resistance much lower than in the Areas of highest density of this type.
  • the named The area can also be essentially completely free of Radiation sections of the heating component and / or other components or only by the essentially flat surface of the insulating material or Be formed carrier for the component.
  • This design enables the rod-shaped temperature sensor to achieve a flatter design of the heater relatively close to the surface of the carrier and there will be direct thermal reflections avoided by the sensor on the component, which this could damage the component.
  • a and the same resistance sections of such size and size such spacing makes that an average powerful human eye clear brightness contrasts these sections during power consumption, short after the start of power supply and / or some time after an interruption the power supply can clearly see.
  • the respective section increases transversely on the heating side a maximum bandwidth in its longitudinal direction and appropriate is the length of the respective lighter and / or darker Section at least half the size, the same size or several times larger than this bandwidth, so that brighter and connect the darker sections clearly distinguishable.
  • the resistor can be designed so that the for brighter section provided in the heating phase, d. H. at the beginning of the power supply in the cooled state first begins to shine in a dot-like manner in the center then this red dot with this heating increasingly in opposite longitudinal directions of resistance to one Illuminated line enlarged until the operating temperature is reached this line of light its essentially constant Luminous length has reached and with its ends relatively sharp or with an abrupt decrease in brightness connects a darker longitudinal section.
  • the light line can approximate in view of the location level of the resistor linear or slightly curved, zigzag, wavy and / or be similar. While the resistance in the area of Luminous line glows relatively bright, it glows in the area of the darker section is weaker or not visible Area so that this darker section indirectly from the lighter Section can be illuminated and thereby the contrast becomes even clearer.
  • resistors in the Area of a common field e.g. B. in one another or adjacent turns or with adjacent Longitudinal areas are provided that are longer than those Grid areas are characterized by the lighter and darker Longitudinal sections are formed.
  • successive brighter ones or darker longitudinal sections of the same length or different Having lengths follow one another in a continuous line or across each other from such a connecting line be offset.
  • They can also be the same or different Have intermediate distances, within a limited or the entire resistance field in a uniform, regular or different distribution density and also can be visually luminous section have clearly distinguishable brightness.
  • the possibility, depending on the respective setting or Performance status of the radiant heater clearly distinguishable
  • To provide glow patterns not only by eye control distinguish which heating resistor or which heating resistors are in operation, but the different ones form rasterized display symbols.
  • the design according to the invention also makes it possible to significantly shorten the time between the start of the power supply and the first visible lighting, namely under ten or five seconds or even under four seconds.
  • the first tiny luminous dots can become visible just one second after the power supply is switched on, and the luminous lines have reached their full length after three to four seconds.
  • an average of at least one or one and a half bright or dark section is expediently provided per cm 2 heating surface, so that, for. B. in the case of a heating field with about 18 cm in diameter result in approximately 200 light and 200 dark sections.
  • the screening could also be significantly increased by increasing the number of contrasting sections up to a doubling or tripling. It has proven to be advantageous if the maximum operating temperature between light and dark sections differs by at least 5 to 10 or 50 ° C or approximately 100 ° C or if it is approximately 1000 to 1050 ° C for the light sections or for the dark sections is about 950 to 1020 ° C, so that in one case this operating temperature is below 1000 or 1015 ° C and in the other case above.
  • the resistance stands in several places along its length or approximately even distribution in contact with a electrical or thermal insulation, it follows these points each have a direct heat-conducting coupling between the different materials of resistance and insulation. As long as the insulation is wide below their operating temperature z. B. about room temperature has cooled down, it can be started up of the resistance absorb heat at the points mentioned, however, this heat absorption is essentially complete when the insulation its operating temperature of about 1000 ° C has reached. This heat dissipation promotes the punctiform Start of lighting and the thermal characteristics this heat dissipation promotes the spread of the red dot to the light line.
  • the respective Resistance also offset across its longitudinal direction have protruding projections for engagement in a Bracket for the resistor, e.g. B. in said insulation serve.
  • These projections are expediently arranged in this way and trained so that they can be essentially only by friction or.
  • the respective The lead can be rectangular in one or two to each other and transverse to the direction of insertion of the projection Resiliently biased directions against corresponding counter surfaces the bracket to be created, whereby the friction is increased.
  • the resistance may be adjacent to the respective lead over its relaxed state elongated by stretching or by compression resiliently shortened so that the entire projection biased accordingly in the longitudinal direction of the resistance the insulation intervenes.
  • the respective lead is appropriate formed by one of the described support legs.
  • the resistance can also be around a far outside of its side surfaces lying axis either to a narrower or a further curvature be resiliently curved, so that the respective lead due to this property across Longitudinal direction of resistance to the counter surfaces of the Bracket is pressed.
  • the lead self resilient in itself, e.g. B. trough-shaped or according to Art a portion of a cone jacket to be formed and thereby forming pliers-like spring legs that either diverging or converging resilient against associated Counter surfaces of the bracket are pressed. Is the lead in a suitable manner with a flat cross section or the like.
  • Such a strand becomes elastic Area ring-shaped around a to the longitudinal direction of the Projection curved approximately parallel axis, such as the z. B. at Conversion into spiral turns is the case free end of the projection a slight tilting movement concave curvature side. Because projections in different Arch sections are therefore different directed tilting movements and then lie slightly oblique to the direction in which the Resistance is inserted into the holder; this direction lies z. B. at right angles to the heating level. The different Tilt positions of the projections then lead to an even better one Securing resistance to the bracket.
  • the projections can be made with the darker sections of the Resistance coincide, which is why for them in terms of Number and distribution density that can apply to what above is explained using the light or dark sections.
  • the each protrusion expediently forms only a small one Part of its height is a resistive one or from electricity area through which the resistance value of the associated section of the resistance is reduced so that this in the manner described as a dark section appears.
  • the lead includes this an area of greatest cross-section to the associated longitudinal edge of the rest of the resistance, the projection of this cross section to its free end on part or its entire height is tapered.
  • the specific resistance values or power densities in the sections with and without protrusions or Support legs can also be chosen approximately the same or they can be designed so that they are in terms of any operating characteristics do not distinguish that e.g. due to the cross-section with effective resistance, the thermal Storage capacity, the thermally conductive coupling, the larger of two cross-sectional dimensions lying at right angles to each other, the visible luminosity or Like. is defined.
  • neighboring ones can, however differently trained or all sections in at least one of the above operating states a line from im essentially continuously the same brightness form without a dashed pattern.
  • the radiation heater 1 has an essentially dimensionally stable, multi-part and cup-shaped base body 2, whose cup opening is essentially completely thermal Output forms.
  • the largest material volume of the base body 2 forms an essentially two-part or three-part Insulation 3 from a supporting body 4 and an insulating body 5.
  • the support body 4 has in particular electrically insulating Properties and forms the exposed to the thermal output, essentially flat and / or smooth bowl bottom.
  • the support body 4 is approximately flat on one supported plate-shaped insulating body 5, which better have thermal insulating properties than the support body 4 and on this only in the edge and / or at least one ring area can rest so that between the two bodies 4, 5 there is a large free gap gap.
  • the mechanical Strengths such as compressive, bending, tensile and / or shear strength of the insulating body 5 can be less than that of Support body 4, and both are in a version 6 from Material of higher strength compared to it, e.g. in a sheet metal shell, which the insulation 3 axially and / or secures radially essentially without play.
  • the cup opening forming, ring-shaped continuous edge 8 made of insulating material before, according to FIG. 1 in one piece with the supporting body 4 is formed and made of an insulating material consists of that of the support body 4 and / or the Insulator 5 is similar.
  • This edge 8 its radial Thickness greater than that of the support body 4 is one jacket-shaped edge 9 of the version 6 closely surrounded, which in Installation state axially opposite the free face of the Insulation 3 is set back, e.g. by one on the Edge 8 attached insulation ring.
  • resistors 10 At the bottom 7 there are several elongated, strand-like components or resistors 10 attached so that they against movements parallel to the floor 7 or to its longitudinal direction or counter Lifting movements across the floor 7 are essentially free of play are secured.
  • the resistors 10, here as heating resistors at least partially free within the bowl space are provided lying in or in one another multiple spiral turns or spirals approximately parallel be arranged to the edge 8.
  • the resistors 10 are preferred essentially evenly distributed over a field that over the entire circumference approximately to the inner circumference of the edge 8 on and extends to the center of the bottom 7.
  • Each resistor 10 has its own in the exposed area entire length essentially exactly the same throughout approximately rectangular flat cross sections in that he is made from a flat ribbon.
  • the flat ribbon remains in the plastic area as well as in the elastic area deformed by bends. It has two in cross section parallel side surfaces 12, 13 and two of these connecting, very narrow edge surfaces 14, 15. His Thickness 32 can e.g. about 0.07 mm and its largest cross section or width 31, 34 e.g. about 4 to 8 mm, in particular be 6 to 7 mm.
  • the respective band end of the Resistor 10 can be used directly and without additional intermediate elements formed as an electrical connection end 16 his. It can be made by bending or interleaving it remaining resistor 10 in a position in which it is non-contact with the insulation 3 and is for the electrical connection is particularly suitable.
  • connection end can also be directly through a another non-deformed end of the band can be formed as it is if the tape is in any suitable position its length only by one lying across it Cutting cut is cut off. Furthermore, the tape end bent in the shape of an eye or fold and between its fold legs a transversely projecting pin attached be the z. B. continuously over its entire length has the same flat rectangular cross-sections. The connection end is parallel to the floor 7 and in all directions this at least slightly free to move, making it good can be aligned with those counterparts to which it is to be connected for its electrical connection.
  • a one-piece continuous ribbon can also be two to each other form adjacent, separately switchable resistors, if these are in one piece at their ends via a transverse section merge into one another and / or these individual resistors connecting cross section in one piece with a corresponding Connection end is formed.
  • the respective resistor 10 forms one over the largest Part of its length or its entire length interrupted continuous fastening section 17 in that it over this length with interruptions so directly engaged with the support body 4 is that it against this Movements in the directions mentioned are secured.
  • the Flat cross section 11 forms between the two edge surfaces 14, 15 continuously resistant cross-sections, those in the area of the projections 28 each by about 10% or are less enlarged.
  • the depth of engagement of the projections 28 or the engagement portion 18 can e.g. about 3 to 4 mm or about as much as or more than half of the associated total width 31, 34 of the ribbon.
  • the two side surfaces 12, 13 can in the area of the common longitudinal section or the head start at different heights on the Insulating material of the supporting body 4 or at the same height depending on the radiation conditions or thermal coupling effects are to be achieved.
  • Each after whether the respective spiral section is in an area is elastically biased by expansion or contraction, it is under spring tension with the inner or outer Side surface 13 or 12 of the respective projection on the Form support surfaces.
  • the resistors 10 are on the facing the cup opening Heating side 20 of the base 7 or the base body 2 and determine e.g. with their closer to the thermal output Edge surfaces 15 a heating plane approximately parallel to the floor 7 21.
  • the radiator 1 has a central, to this heating level 21 perpendicular axis 22 around which the resistors 10 are curved.
  • Each resistor 10 has in addition to its elastic large curvature a profile, namely one in its longitudinal direction changing, e.g. sinusoidal curved course.
  • the Resistor 10 alternating with opposite, however in provided substantially the same curvatures 23 and adjacent Curvatures go with their almost straight or flat Legs 24 in one piece.
  • the projections 28 and the depressions are also corresponding 19 permanently curved or stiff, the legs 24 diverge from the respective curvature 23, expediently under an angle of more than 30 °, 60 ° or 90 °.
  • This will thermal elongations of the resistance relatively easily transferred to the support body 4.
  • the curl is essentially due to bending in the plastic area manufactured permanently, but allowed in any length range in addition elastic deformations z. B. for the production of Large curvature, to lengthen or shorten the resistance as well as the curvature of the resistance across the heating plane 21 to the resistance in each area to the shape of the floor 7 to be able to adapt.
  • the measure of leadership e.g. about the sheet thickness of the Version 6 can be so large that between the Back of the cover plate 26 and the edge 9 only a gap distance is.
  • the heating plane 21 is at a distance from the end face 25 or the cover plate 26 set back.
  • the respective heating resistor or can separate heating resistors different distances over the floor 7 to the heating side 20 project freely, to different depths in the supporting body 4 intervene, different bandwidth, different Have projections and / or different tape thickness, whereby Areas of the heating field with different power densities or different responsiveness of the heating effect and glowing can be created.
  • the projections 28 are expediently included in the corrugation in such a way that that the respective projection at least in the transition to the Edge surface 14, over most of its height and up same wave curvatures as the near its free end associated remaining portion of the flat cross section 11 has. There the projection 28 to its free end in a sharp or rounded tip 37 or in an end apex, this can be free of individual or all projections such curvatures.
  • the respective lead When pressed flat or as level processing, the respective lead is appropriate approximately triangular, with its largest Extension in the longitudinal direction of the resistor 10 approximately as large like a full wave of corrugation or only slightly is smaller. As a result, the lead extends here over one or two curvatures 23 and over one or two Leg 24. Opposite this extension is the light one Distance between successive projections is appropriate greater.
  • the corrugation can also have a shape similar have a trapezoidal toothing, so that the to the longitudinal direction of the Resistor 10 approximately parallel sections 23 approximately flat are and over relatively small radii of curvature in the Pass over leg 24. You can do this in succession alternately smaller and larger radii of curvature are provided be so that the corrugation in a simple manner in the run between two interlocking teeth with symmetrical teeth Gears uniform over the entire length of the resistor can be made.
  • the fastening projection 28 engages completely recessed the supporting body 4, which also extends to the bottom of the socket 6 can be formed in one piece, so that no two superimposed Insulating layers to form the insulation 3 required are.
  • the edge surface 14 of the resistive Flat cross section 11, which is approximately at right angles to the heating plane 21 stands, can also at least partially sunk slightly engage in the supporting body 4.
  • the edge surface 14 but can also at least partially directly on the level Bearing surface of the bottom 7 or at least partially Have a gap distance from this surface.
  • the protrusions 28 are along the length of the resistor 10 almost uniformly in the manner of teeth distributed. Compared to the largest cross-sectional width 31 of the Flat cross section 11 has the respective fastening projection 28 expediently a larger overall width 33, the again can be greater than its height 34. This height 34 can be of the order of the cross-sectional width 31 or be larger in comparison.
  • the fastening projections 28 are in side view due to their lateral edge boundaries or outer edges right-angled to acute-angled, so that at the free end a corresponding tip 37 as a piercing tip for insertion into the dry prefabricated or still moist moldable support body 4 is formed.
  • the resistance 10 Before impressing the resistance 10 can at least against its spring force stretched or shortened on sections be what he in this state in the support body 4th is pushed in. After releasing the length changing The respective longitudinal section springs back force and is accordingly in tension on the support body 4, so that the resistance to lifting off the floor 7 is very good is frictionally secured.
  • the projections 28 lie expediently complete including their tips 37 inside the support body 4, although the tips also up to the insulating body 5 could be enough.
  • Fig. 3 the length of a solid shaft is designated 29 and it can be seen that the parallel to this linear measure measuring width 33 is about 1/7 smaller.
  • the average distance 35 between successive protrusions 28 or their tips 37 is half the size 29 by a non-integer factor between 4 and 5 greater. This takes each projection 28 or its tip 27 a different position with respect to the central longitudinal plane 30 of the Resistor 10 one and likewise essentially everyone 3 has a different shape in cross section according to FIG e.g. B. three to five angularly adjoining leg sections. This results in a very favorable claw the resistance to the supporting body 4.
  • the fastening projections 28 are arcuate or bounded approximately semicircular.
  • this gap distance essential is smaller than the dimensions 31, 34 or in the order of magnitude Material thickness of the resistor can be.
  • the free end of the respective fastening projection 28 can also on a Part of its height z. B. exposed in that it is in a Depression or recess of the insulating body 5, possibly without contact, intervenes.
  • Fig. 7 shows a training with differently shaped Fastening projections 28, namely a non-pitch circle, but rather partially elliptical projection and with one triangular projection with rounded tip 37.
  • the round one Projection 28 on the right in FIG. 7 has a widely used one Foot section 36 so that the effective over its length Resistance of the flat cross section 11 is reduced accordingly is.
  • the longitudinal sections 38 With essentially the same electrical power supply the longitudinal sections 38 light up between the projections 28 brighter than and / or in front of the studded with the projections 28, shorter longitudinal sections 39, since at least the root or Foot section 36 at a low height in the electricity flowed through conductor cross-section and therefore here the electrical resistance value is reduced accordingly. Since also when starting the still cool resistor 10 the longitudinal sections 39 and the support body 4 not yet or are not heated significantly above room temperature or in temperature some 100 ° C below the operating temperature lie, they can first of all from the longitudinal sections 38 highest resistance value relatively much heat absorb by heat conduction. This starts the longitudinal sections 38 initially approximately in the middle between each punctiform on both sides of adjacent longitudinal sections 39 visible glow and thereby the longitudinal ones Zones to warm up to the glow point one approximately adjoining the adjacent projections 28 Has spread the glow line.
  • the projections 28 and the longitudinal sections 39 also have and the zones of the supporting body 4 lying in their area reaches its operating temperature at which it is Longitudinal sections 38 absorb virtually no more heat or can derive.
  • the longitudinal sections 39 appear dark, although they are in a longer-wave range of infrared radiation also radiant heat to the thermal output of the Give up the radiant heater.
  • the light lines are in the described wavy, being consecutive Illuminated waves, such as the waveform of the protrusions 28 described, have different shape.
  • the component 10 points through the described training within the width 33 of the support leg 28 a profiling 40 of the type described, which either essentially only outside of where appropriate flat support leg 28, namely between the edge surfaces 14, 15, only in the region of the support leg 28 at in substantially flat design between the edge surfaces 14, 15 or both between these edge surfaces 14, 15 and is provided in the region of the support leg 28.
  • the profile 40 of the support leg 28 deviate from that between the edge surfaces 14, 15.
  • the support leg 28 forms a longitudinal view through each incision one with the associated edge delimitation 41
  • Edge leg or edge strip which is so transverse to its surface can be bent outwards or inwards so that it is one opposite the other profile forms a further or narrower profile.
  • Incisions can e.g. in the foot area 36 or in an extension the edge surface 14 from both lateral edge boundaries 41 forth over less than half the width 33 and / or in Distance therefrom and at a distance from the end apex 37 is provided become.
  • Opposing incisions can be made with each other align or in the direction of length 34 against each other be offset.
  • the profile 40 is the Support leg 28 appropriately assigned so that its strength, the firmness of its connection with the rest Component 10 and / or the strength of this remaining component 10 changed in the area of cross-sectional width 31, in particular is increased.
  • the respective incision is advantageous as waste-free cut or punch cut.
  • the cut-out parts of the support leg 28 can the support flanks 43, 44 in the longitudinal view of the Support leg 28 at least partially outside the side surfaces 12, 13 of the remaining component 10 lie.
  • both support flanks 43, 44 or the respective edge limitation 41 are at a distance outside a side surface 12 or 13.
  • the support flanks 43, 44 lie in the region of the end apex 37 however expediently approximately congruent with the side surfaces 12, 13.
  • the distance between the longitudinal center planes 42 adjacent Support leg 28 can also the pitch 29 or the Length of a solid shaft or a profile unit essentially be equal. Then successive longitudinal median planes fall 42 with symmetry or center planes of these profile units together and each support leg 28 is about that same profile 40 assigned. Instead of 1 times the Dimension 29, the distance can also be 2, 3 or more times this measure be 29.
  • openings 46 or holes can each be arranged in a grid-like manner in a field 47.
  • 10 consecutive fields in the longitudinal direction of the component 47 each have a distance from each other that is larger than the distance between openings 46 within of the field 47 or at least approximately as large as the extent of a field 47 in the longitudinal direction of the component 10.
  • the openings 46 are in two in the longitudinal direction of the component 10 parallel rows are provided, the closer to or row immediately adjacent to the end vertex 37 each field 47 at least one breakthrough less than that may have more distant row. That’s it respective field 47, that only by a single breakthrough can be formed, widened to the edge surface 15.
  • the means 45 can also through the mentioned cuts 48, 49 be formed.
  • Such an incision 48 is at a distance approximately in the middle between adjacent fields 47 or in provided in the middle of such a field 47, it is expediently T-shaped. Will the two through the incision 48 cut strips to the same side or to the side opposite sides from the area of the remaining flat cross-section bent out, so your electrical line connection separated, and increases in their area the resistance of component 10.
  • the incision 49 through two parallel, from the end apex 37th or the edge surface 14 outgoing transverse incisions , which in each case in a to the longitudinal direction of the component 10 pass approximately parallel longitudinal incision, this Longitudinal incisions against and / or away from each other can be directed. 8 enforce the cross and Longitudinal incisions each delimiting an outermost one Breakthrough 46 of the associated field 47.
  • a cross cut or a T-shaped cut could also be from the end apex 37 of a support leg designed as a projection 28 going out.
  • the increase in resistance can be adapted by the respective incision 48 that in its area the resistance is about the same as in Area of field 47 is so that adjoining Longitudinal sections 38, 39 in at least one of the named Operating states light up approximately equally brightly.
  • the breakthroughs 46 or incisions 48, 49 are each expedient essentially completely from the through the recess of the supporting body 4 formed counter surfaces 19 covered, so that the Material of the support body 4 in the openings 46 and the Cut edge surfaces can intervene.
  • the openings 46 are in a single, too the edge surfaces 14, 15 approximately parallel row and with Distance approximately in the middle between these edge surfaces 14, 15 provided.
  • the support legs 28 themselves are none Breakthroughs provided, but breakthroughs are also in those longitudinal sections 39 which have the projections 28.
  • the row with approximately the same spacing Breakthroughs 46 extend over most of the Length of the component 10 or over its entire length.
  • the tabs 28 are approximately trapezoidal in view of their side faces, so that an approximately parallel to the edge surface 14, 15, line-shaped apex edge 37 results, the length of each larger or smaller than dimension 31 as required or 34 can be.
  • the openings 46 are in each case again Line fields 47 provided only in the longitudinal sections 38 and are spaced apart from each other, which the Correspond to the length of the longitudinal sections 39. In the case of FIG. 9 and 10, the openings 46 are exposed outside of the support body 4 in the bright glowing area 31 of the component 10.
  • the component 10 according to FIG. 11 is similar to that according to FIG. 8, but the support leg 28 has two or more longitudinal rows of openings 46, the openings 46 of a row in the longitudinal direction of the component 10 approximately by half their spacing from the breakthroughs the other longitudinal row are offset. These longitudinal rows can in the case of Figure 9 over the entire length of the Go through component 10 substantially evenly.
  • the Area 31 has no openings, but can whose resistance value in the manner described by means of Breakthroughs 46 are changed because of the breakthroughs 46 area or support leg 28 having a parallel resistance the area 31 forms and opposite the area 31 has a significantly higher resistance value.
  • component 10 has a fine profile 50 which, even without profiling 40, on a component 10 is conceivable that only with one of its curvature around the central axis the weak curvature corresponding to the heating field without permanent deformation is curved and / or approximately rectilinear Has longitudinal sections that are opposite aligned small curves of curvature merge.
  • the fine profiling 50 is superimposed on the profiling 40, being at the same time as profiling 40 or before this can be made.
  • the fine profiling is 50 essentially uniform or undulating, with their Graduation 51 much smaller than the corresponding division 29 of the profiling 40.
  • profile width to be measured 53 of the fine profiling 50 much smaller than the corresponding profile width 52 of the Profiling 40, but several times greater than the material thickness 32.E.g. profile width 53 with a material thickness 32 between half a tenth and a tenth of a millimeter and a profile width 52 between two and four millimeters are less than two millimeters and about half to one Millimeters.
  • the fine division 51 which is about the same size as the profile width 53 or in contrast, can be up to half smaller.
  • Fig. 13 two different ones are left and right Fine profiling 50 shown in successive Longitudinal sections of a single component or on separate Components can be provided.
  • the component 10 is with successive, opposite folds 54 of the Source material provided, each three-layer sections 55 form which over a single-layer intermediate section are interconnected.
  • By enlarging or reducing the expansion or the intermediate distances of the multilayer sections 55 results in funds corresponding to Means 45.
  • the fine profile 50 can only in section 31 or only in section 34 and in both sections 31, 34 of the Cross section of the component 10 may be provided. Can too in the fine profiling 50 openings according to FIGS. 8 to 11 may be provided.
  • the radiator 1 is with a temperature limiter 58, the electrical Circuitry receiving socket 59 on the outside of the radiator 1 or that not shown in FIG. 14 Edge 9 is such that it does not touch the cover plate 26 can toast.
  • the base 59 protrudes freely rod-shaped temperature sensor 61 from the edges 8, 9 in penetrates essentially closely matched openings and about radially overhanging the heating field.
  • the temperature sensor 61 can e.g. from a metallic exposed outer tube and an inner rod in it with different thermal Expansion coefficients can be formed, the outer tube is substantially rigidly attached to the base 59 during the Inner rod actuated a contact lying in the base 59.
  • the free end of the temperature sensor 61 only extends up to approximately in the area of the central zone 56 and can be opposite Circumferential areas of the projection 57 cover or on these are under slight prestress.
  • In view on the heating side or heating level 21 are in the range of Temperature sensor 61 no sections of component 10, but this creates an unheated gap in this area 60, the width of which is at least 2 or 3 times larger than that Cross-sectional width of the temperature sensor 61 in this area is.
  • the resistor 10 forms approximately Center axis of the heating field curved, concentrically one inside the other Curvature sections, which are over a Extend arc angles of slightly less than 360 °, however the opposite of the free end of the temperature sensor 61 Go through the side of the heating field continuously.
  • a connection section 16 may be approximately parallel to the temperature sensor 61 to the innermost section of curvature of the resistor 10 and be guided on this Form the side of the gap 60, of which the associated Arcs of curvature are at a distance. This will direct reflections of the radiation emanating from the component 10 back to component 10 avoided and also the temperature sensor 61 be placed closer to the floor 7.
  • the Base 59 is so resilient on the base body 2 or on the floor the version 6 attached with a bracket that the temperature sensor 61 with the base 59 springing back transversely to the heating level small evasive movements at least towards parts of the Basic body 2 can run.
  • All described training, components, units or Rooms can only be used once or in one A plurality of two or more may be provided, e.g. B. by several To be able to switch power levels.
  • the middle one Distance 35 on the order of 1 to 3 times the associated largest width of the respective projection 28 This distance can also be selected at least up to twelve times about any integer multiple of this width correspond, depending on what effects are achieved should.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Electric Stoves And Ranges (AREA)
  • Surface Heating Bodies (AREA)
  • Cookers (AREA)
  • Control Of Resistance Heating (AREA)

Claims (26)

  1. Elément chauffant (1), notamment pour des appareils de cuisine, définissant un plan de chauffage (21) d'un domaine de chauffage (20), étant composé dans un état de service d'au moins un corps de base (2) et d'une pluralité de segments de construction (10, 17, 28), dont au moins deux sont raccordés entr'eux en un sous-groupe dans un état de montage non assemblé de l'élément chauffant (1), les segments de construction comprenant en tant que premier segment constructif une résistance (10) et en tant que deuxième segment constructif un moyen de soutien (17) avec un élément d'engagement, le premier segment constructif (10) étant en outre dans cet état de service fixé avec le moyen de soutien (17) auprès du corps de base (2) et le moyen de soutien (17) présentant des surfaces de soutien (43, 44) latérales pour un engagement plat avec des contre-surfaces (19) du corps de base (2), caractérisé en ce que plusieurs éléments d'engagement sont prévus en forme d'éléments de retenue (28) comprenant des saillies de fixation et en ce que les surfaces de soutien (43, 44) des saillies de fixation sont constituées par un profil raidisseur (40, 50) courbé au préalable de manière permanente.
  2. Elément chauffant d'après la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins un des éléments de retenue (28) au moyen de soutien (17) forme dans un domaine plat un deuxième secteur longitudinal (39) faisant suite à un premier secteur longitudinal (38) ainsi que les surfaces de soutien (43, 44) opposées l'une à l'autre des deux côtés de plans médians (30) des éléments de retenue (28), en ce que le moyen de soutien (17) forme une délimitation en arête (37, 41) avec des surfaces d'arête (41) latérales de l'élément de retenue (28) faisant suite à des plans d'arête latéraux, laquelle présente à l'extrémité d'une étendue longitudinale linéaire (34) déterminant une direction longitudinale d'élément de retenue ainsi qu'orientée transversalement par rapport à l'étendue en longueur du moyen de soutien (17), une extrémité de crête (37) en substance la plus extérieure, le moyen de soutien (17) présentant des configurations de coupe au moins dans une section longitudinale parallèlement à la direction longitudinale d'élément de retenue ainsi qu'au moins dans une section transversale, transversalement par rapport à la direction longitudinale d'élément de retenue et déterminant entre les surfaces de soutien (43, 44) une épaisseur de matériau (32) dans au moins une de ces configurations de coupe, et en outre au moins une des surfaces de soutien (43, 44) étant prévue pour le soutien du premier segment constructif (10) par rapport à la contre-surface (19) dans une zone de soutien, laquelle se trouve à une distance de la délimitation en arête (37, 41) correspondant au moins à l'épaisseur de matériau (32), en ce que notamment le profil (40, 50) se trouve au moins en partie le long de la direction longitudinale d'élément de retenue entre les plans d'arête et qu'il forme des secteurs de profil, et en ce que de préférence dans au moins une des configurations de coupe au moins un secteur de profil se trouve à peu près entre les plans d'arête transversalement au moins par rapport à un des plans (30).
  3. Elément de chauffe d'après la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins un profil (40, 50) forme les surfaces de soutien (43, 44) pour le soutien à grande surface écarté du sommet terminal (37) ou encore de la délimitation en arête (41) du moyen de soutien (17) réalisé en tant que secteur de soutien du premier segment constructif (10), un profil de guidage pour la prise à engagement de force ainsi que pour le guidage coulissant du moyen de soutien (17) auprès de la contre-surface (19), un profilage formé par déformation permanente et sans retour élastique d'un matériau de départ, courbé et en forme de bêche, un profil de compensation pouvant être allongé à retour élastique pour les tensions, un profil de couplage thermique, une continuation d'une déformation de profil essentiellement de tout le premier segment de construction (10), un secteur présentant une activité électriquement résistive du premier segment de construction (10) ou similaires, en ce que notamment au moins un profil (40, 50) est raccordé de manière essentiellement fixe ou encore rigide avec le premier segment de construction (10) et qu'il est prévu au moins dans une section transversale, transversalement par rapport à la direction longitudinale d'élément de retenue, et en ce que de préférence au moins une des surfaces de soutien (43, 44) est à peu près rectiligne en partant en substance du sommet terminal (37) dans le domaine du profilage (40, 50) et au moins dans une section longitudinale parallèlement à la direction longitudinale d'élément de retenue.
  4. Elément de chauffe d'après la revendication 2 ou 3, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins une surface de soutien (43, 44) se trouve dans le domaine de la délimitation en arête (41) sous un angle oblique par rapport au plan (30), lequel relie entr'eux des secteurs de flanc de la délimitation en arête (41) opposés l'un à l'autre ou encore situés avec un écart l'un derrière l'autre en direction longitudinale du premier segment constructif (10), en ce que notamment au moins une surface de soutien (43, 44) y compris la surface latérale (12, 13) correspondante du premier segment constructif (10) s'étend pour au moins une des configurations de coupe de manière essentiellement rectiligne et/ou sans graduations en substance sur toute l'étendue du premier segment constructif (10) parallèle au plan de coupe de cette configuration de coupe, et en ce que de préférence le profil (40, 50) constitue une unité de montage préfabriquée avec le premier segment constructif (10) ou encore qu'il est réalisé d'une seule pièce avec le segment constructif (10).
  5. Elément de chauffe d'après une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le premier segment de construction (10) forme au moins en partie une résistance allongée, tel qu'une résistance de chauffe à rayonnement, en ce que notamment au moins un des éléments de retenue (28) forme une saillie ou que sa délimitation en arête (41) fait suite à une arête (14) plus longue par rapport à elle, du premier segment de construction (10), et en ce que de préférence au moins un des éléments de retenue (28) présente au moins sur une partie de son étendue longitudinale (34) dans au moins une configuration de coupe au moins au passage à la face longitudinale (14) du premier segment de construction (10) des secteurs d'aile (24) situés entr'eux sous un certain angle, ou encore au moins une courbure (23), au moins un des éléments de retenue (28) étant constitué par une section transversale plate ou encore par une bande de matériau plat.
  6. Elément de chauffe d'après une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins un profil (40, 50) et élément de retenue (28) présente sur la plus grande partie de son étendue longitudinale d'élément de retenue (34) des sections transversales, dont l'étendue dans deux directions orthogonales entr'elles est plus grande par rapport à son épaisseur de matériau (32), en ce que notamment le profil (40, 50) forme en section transversale, essentiellement sur toute l'etendue longitudinale (34) du premier segment de construction (10), plusieurs courbures (23) au moins d'une des surfaces de soutien (43, 44), et en ce que de préférence le moyen de soutien (17) est courbé en direction de l'étendue longitudinale du premier segment de construction (10) de manière étirable en longueur ou encore qu'au moins un des éléments de retenue (28) est courbé en forme de cannelure.
  7. Elément de chauffe d'après une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'étendue longitudinale (34) au moins d'un des éléments de retenue (28) est plus grand que la hauteur restante (31) saillant au-dessus de celui-ci, du premier segment de construction (10), en ce qu'au moins un des éléments de retenue (28) est convergent par rapport à sa largeur (33) en direction de son extrémité libre ou encore qu'il forme avec son sommet terminal (37) une pointe d'enfichage ou encore une arête d'enfichage, saillant transversalement par rapport à l'étendue longitudinale, en ce que de préférence des éléments de retenue (28) limitrophes présentent l'un par rapport à l'autre un écart moyen (35) étant à peu près de 2 à 4 fois plus grand que la largeur (33) maximale d'un élément de retenue (28) individuel ou bien en ce que le respectif élément de retenue (28) est prévu, en projection parallèle à la direction longitudinale d'élément de retenue, essentiellement à l'intérieur de la délimitation extérieure (12, 13) du secteur longitudinal (38) correspondant du premier segment de construction (10).
  8. Elément de chauffe d'après une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le moyen de soutien (17) est assuré contre des mouvements de détachement exclusivement par engagement par friction au moins d'une des surfaces de soutien (43, 44), en ce que notamment le premier segment de construction (10) présente des deux côtés auprès d'un des éléments de retenue (28) dans le même secteur de son étendue longitudinale (34) à la suite ou encore entre des éléments de retenue (28) limitrophes respectivement une surface d'arête longitudinale (14) s'étendant de manière continue sans graduations et sans interruptions transversalement par rapport à la direction longitudinale d'élément de retenue, et en ce que de préférence essentiellement toutes les surfaces d'arête (14) situées entre des éléments de retenue (28) se trouvent à peu près dans un plan, le premier segment de construction (10) étant détendu.
  9. Elément de chauffe d'après une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins un des éléments de retenue (28) présente, dans une forme convertie en surface plane pour un développement, des surfaces d'arête (41) latérales essentiellement sans graduations de manière continue ou encore en ce que tous les éléments de retenue (28) sont réalisés essentiellement de la même manière dans leur forme développée, en ce que notamment le moyen de soutien (17) présente le long d'une ligne médiane longitudinale (30) des éléments de retenue individuels (28) situés l'un derrière l'autre de manière écartée, lesquels possèdent des formes différentes et des orientations différentes par rapport à la ligne médiane longitudinale (30), l'orientation longitudinale du moyen de soutien (17) étant rectiligne et sans contraintes, et en ce que de préférence des extrémités (37) libres des éléments de retenue (28) sont situées dans des plans différents ou en ce que les éléments de retenue (28) sont courbés différemment et de manière opposée en projection parallèle à la direction longitudinale d'élément de retenue.
  10. Elément de chauffe d'après une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins un des éléments de retenue (28) a essentiellement la même forme et dimension qu'un secteur entre les éléments de retenue (28) limitrophes, en ce que notamment au moins un des éléments de retenue (28) s'étend de manière ininterrompue sur un secteur longitudinal du premier segment de construction (10) étant plus grand d'une à plusier urs fois que la longueur d'élément de retenue (34) de l'élément de retenue, et en ce que de préférence les éléments de retenue (28) sont prévus sur plus qu'un quart de la longueur jusqu'à sur toute la longueur du premier segment de construction (10).
  11. Elément de chauffe d'après une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que des moyens (45) sont prévus pour la modification de la résistance électrique du premier segment de construction (10) et du moyen de soutien (17) , tels que des pliages de matériau du matériau de départ, des ouvertures (46) distribuées en trame, dont au moins un est délimité de manière fermée à la circonférence par l'élément de retenue (28), en ce que notamment au moins un des éléments de retenue (28) forme au moyen seulement d'une partie de sa longueur d'élément de retenue (34) un domaine présentant une activité résistive, et en ce que de préférence au moins un des éléments de retenue (28) est transpercé par plusieurs ouvertures (46) distribuées à la façon d'une trame dans la direction longitudinale d'élément de retenue ou encore dans la direction de longueur située transversalement par rapport à celle-ci, du premier segment de construction (10) ou bien que des domaines (47) étroitement munis d'ouvertures (46) sont prévus de manière écartée entr'eux, en direction de longueur du premier segment de construction (10).
  12. Elément de chauffe d'après une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins un profil (50) est réalisé en tant que profilage fin avec des unités de profil similaires et jointes de manière consécutive par des écarts de segmentation (51) pouvant aller de 20 fois au plus jusqu'à 4 fois par rapport à l'épaisseur de matériau (32) de l'élément de retenue (28) ou encore d'une valeur de moins que 3 jusqu'à 0,4 mm, en ce que notamment le profilage fin (50) se superpose à un profilage (40) plus grossier avec une segmentation (29) plus large de plusieurs fois par rapport aux écarts de segmentation (51), et en ce que de préférence le profilage fin (50) est au moins en partie essentiellement uniforme, de forme ondulée ou encore au moins en partie en forme d'écaille avec des ailes de profil situées approximativement l'une auprès de l'autre.
  13. Elément de chauffe d'après une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le moyen de soutien (17) détermine un plan de situation (21) et qu'au moins un de ses secteurs longitudinaux (38, 39) s'étend de manière courbée en projection sur le plan de situation (21), en ce que notamment au moins un secteur longitudinal (38, 39) présente des secteurs (23, 24) en position angulaire entr'eux, et en ce que de préférence des secteurs d'ailes (24) au moins d'un secteur longitudinal (38, 39) du premier segment de construction (10) divergent de manière acutangulaire entr'elles ou encore en ce que le respectif secteur longitudinal (38, 39) occupe, en projection sur le plan de situation (21), une largeur de bande (52, 53) s'étendant au moins en partie de manière courbée et que sa longueur parallèle au plan de situation est plus grande de plusieurs fois par rapport à cette largeur de bande.
  14. Elément de chauffe (1), notamment pour des appareils de cuisine, qui définit un plan de chauffage (21) d'un domaine de chauffage (20) et qui est composé dans au moins un état de service au moins d'un corps de base (2) et d'une pluralité de segments de construction (10, 17, 28), dont au moins deux sont reliés entr'eux en un sous-groupe dans un état de montage non assemblé de l'élément de chauffe (1), les segments de constrution comprenant en tant que premier segment de construction une résistance (10) et en tant que deuxième segment de construction un moyen de soutien (17) avec un élément d'engagement, dans cet état de service en outre le premier segment de construction (10) étant fixé avec le moyen de soutien (17) auprès du corps de base (2) et le moyen de soutien (17) présentant des surfaces de soutien (43, 44) latérales pour un engagement de surface dans des contre-surfaces (19) du corps de base (2), plusieurs éléments d'engagement étant prévus en forme d'éléments de retenue (28) comprenant des saillies de fixation, la résistance (10) étant réalisée en tant que bande plate ondulée, qui est fixée sur un corps de support (4) isolant au moyen des éléments de retenue (28) disposés de manière écartée entr'eux et qui est réalisée au moins en partie pour un service avec des températures de rayonnement de service dans le domaine de rayonnement visible, et que la résistance (10) présente bon nombre de secteurs longitudinaux (38, 39) l'un à la suite de l'autre et chargés ensemble de puissance, avec des températures de rayonnement différentes, qui possèdent des difféntes luminosités de rayonnement, les secteurs longitudinaux avec une température et une luminosité de rayonnement inférieures étant situés dans le domaine des éléments de retenue (28).
  15. Elément de chauffe (1) d'après la revendication 14, caractérisé en ce que la résistance de chauffe (10) présente des moyens (17) de retenue en substance à engagement de force ainsi que des secteurs longitudinaux (38, 39) premiers et deuxièmes consécutifs en alternance en forme de trame, présentant en service une activité résistive, lesquels possèdent respectivement dans des états de service, c'est-à-dire entre le commencement d'une prise de puissance pendant une phase de chauffage initial jusqu'à l'atteinte d'une puissance de service continue, pendant cette puissance de service continue et pendant une phase de refroidissement après l'interruption de la puissance de service, des caractéristiques de puissance, c'est-à-dire des valeurs de résistance électriquement efficaces, des sections transversales avec une activité résistive, des capacités d'accumulation thermiques et des températures de service et en ce qu'au moins une des caractéristiques de puissance de secteurs longitudinaux (38, 39) consécutifs et présentant une activité résistive est différente des autres au moins dans un état de service.
  16. Elément de chauffe d'après la revendication 14 ou 15, caractérisé en ce que le long d'une ligne de jonction (30) continue les secteurs longitudinaux (38, 39) premiers et deuxièmes consécutifs à la manière d'une trame sont décalés entr'eux transversalement par rapport à la ligne de jonction (30), en ce que notamment seulement les deuxièmes secteurs longitudinaux (39) sont munis au moins d'un des éléments de retenue (28) du moyen de soutien (17), et en ce que de préférence les secteurs longitudinaux (38) se trouvent entre les éléments de retenue (28).
  17. Elément de chauffe d'après une des revendications de 14 à 16, caractérisé en ce que le moyen de soutien (17) forme des domaines longitudinaux situés dans un champ l'un auprès de l'autre à la manière de spires, qui sont plus longs que les domaines de trame, formés par les secteurs longitudinaux (38, 39), présentant des caractéristiques de puissance différentes, en ce que notamment le moyen de soutien (17) est courbé à l'opposé dans le domaine des secteurs longitudinaux (38, 39) en excluant un gradient hélicoïdal ou encore que le secteur longitudinal (38, 39) respectif présente au moins une courbure (23) et qu'il s'étend essentiellement sur une ou plusieurs ondes pleines (29) de la résistance de chauffe (10), et en ce que de préférence la résistance de chauffe (10) et les éléments de retenue (28) du moyen de soutien (17) sont courbés au préalable en forme d'onde de manière permanente dans le domaine des secteurs longitudinaux (38, 39).
  18. Elément de chauffe d'après une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la résistance de chauffe (10) présente des sections transversales plates dans le domaine au moins d'un de ses secteurs longitudinaux (38, 39) ou bien qu'elle est produite à partir d'une bande plate et qu'elle présente en section transversale deux faces latérales (12, 13) à peu près parallèles ainsi que deux surfaces d'arête (14, 15 ou encore 37) raccordant celles-ci, dont au moins une s'étend sans interruptions en tant que surface d'arête longitudinale (15, 37) en se trouvant essentiellement dans un plan et que l'autre est réalisée à la manière d'une denture, en ce que notamment la résistance de chauffe (10) est disposée en section longitudinale de manière verticale ensemble avec l'élément de retenue (28) en forme de plaque et en ce que la résistance de chauffe ou l'élément de retenue (28) du moyen de soutien (17) présente sur son hauteur entre les surfaces d'arête (41) des sections transversales pleines sans interruptions au moins dans une configurations de coupe plane.
  19. Elément de chauffe d'après une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le premier segment de construction (10) est disposé au moins en partie de manière non-protégée au moins auprès d'un corps de support (4) du corps de base (2) et qu'il est thermiquement couplé avec le corps de support (4) par des secteurs longitudinaux (39) étalés sur sa longueur de manière écartée, en ce que notamment le moyen de soutien (17) est réalisé d'une seule pièce sans interruptions entre ses extrémités longitudinales (16) ainsi que les premiers et deuxièmes secteurs longitudinaux (38, 39) présentent des écarts des secteurs terminaux (16) correspondants, et en ce que de préférence la résistance de chauffe (10) avec le moyen de soutien (17) est fixé de manière répartie sur sa longueur de manière directe par rapport au corps de support (4).
  20. Elément de chauffe d'après une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les éléments de retenue (28) du moyen de soutien (17) sont enfoncés s'ensuivant avec un écart dans le corps de support (4) dans le domaine de secteurs longitudinaux (39), corps qui possède une élasticité de compression supérieure par rapport à l'élément de retenue (28), en ce que les éléments de retenue (28) du moyen de soutien (17) sont placés contre la contre-surface (19), qui est constituée par un isolant (3), quant à des situations de basculement transversales par rapport à la direction de longueur de la résistance de chauffe (10), ou encore de manière chargée élastiquement dans cette direction de longueur, et en ce que de préférence le moyen de soutien présente une meilleure stabilité propre contre des charges de flexion transversales par rapport au domaine de chauffage (20) que parallèlement par rapport au domaine de chauffage (20), que le corps de support (4) est élastique de manière résiliente ainsi qu'il ne peut pas être fritté sous aucune température de service et/ou que l'élément de retenue (28) constitue un outil de formage pour la fabrication en substance complète d'un creux étroitement adapté à celui-ci, creux délimité par la contre-surface (19) essentiellement d'une seule pièce auprès au moins d'un flanc ou encore au fond de creux.
  21. Elément de chauffe d'après une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins un secteur longitudinal (38, 39) de la résistance est incandescent dans le domaine de rayonnement visible à une température de service et qu'il forme une ligne lumineuse qui s'étend de plus en plus en direction longitudinale du secteur longitudinal (38, 39) pendant une phase initiale de chauffage, en ce que notamment au moins un secteur longitudinal (38, 39) incandescent dans le domaine visible de rayonnement à une température de service se transforme pendant une phase initiale de chauffage d'une luminosité ponctuelle de son centre dans des directions opposées à une luminosité linéiforme éventuellement courbée, et en ce que de préférence au moins un premier secteur longitudinal (38) incandescent dans le domaine de rayonnement visible à une température de service luit au commencement de la prise de puissance avant au moins qu'un deuxième secteur longitudinal et/ou en ce qu'au moins un premier secteur longitudinal (38) présentant à une puissance de service une température de service plus haute fait suite au moins à un deuxième secteur longitudinal (39) à température de service plus basse, en ce que notamment au moins un secteur longitudinal (39) présentant à une puissance de service une température de service plus basse fait suite à deux secteurs longitudinaux (38) qui présentent une température de service plus haute et en ce que de préférence le long d'une ligne (30) continue des secteurs longitudinaux (38, 39) premiers et deuxièmes qui s'ensuivent entr'eux en forme de trame possèdent au moins dans un des états de service des températures de service, des luminosités de service ou similaires, différentes, qui s'alternent en forme de trame, des moyens pour une diminution du flux de courant à travers la section longitudinale au moins d'un élément de retenue (28) étant notamment prévus par rapport à la section transversale restante, constituant une continuation essentiellement plane, de la résistance de chauffe (10) et/ou des moyens de commande, par lesquels, pendant la phase initiale de chauffage, au moins un premier secteur longitudinal (38) luit avant un deuxième secteur longitudinal (39).
  22. Elément de chauffe d'après une des revendications de 2 à 21, caractérisé en ce que l'écart entre la zone de soutien et l'extrémité de sommet (37) correspond à un multiple de l'épaisseur de matériau (32), et qu'il comprend le multiple de chaque multiplicateur entier entre 20 et 80, en ce que notamment au moins une des surfaces de soutien (43, 44) est adjacente avec toute son étendue superficielle sur toute la surface à la contre-surface (19), et en ce que de préférence l'épaisseur de matériau (32) se trouve entre 0,1 mm au plus et un vingtième jusqu'à un cinquantième de l'étendue longitudinale (34) de l'élément de retenue (28) et/ou en ce que le moyen de soutien (17) est distribué essentiellement de manière uniforme sur le domaine de chauffage (20) ou encore sur la résistance, et en ce que notamment la contre-surface (19) assure à engagement positif au moins le moyen de soutien (17) sur la plus grande partie de son étendue de longueur en substance sans jeu contre des mouvements essentiellements dans toutes les directions parallèles au domaine de chauffage (20) et/ou contre des mouvements de basculement essentiellement dans toutes les directions.
  23. Elément de chauffe d'après une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'une sonde thermométrique (61) est prévue essentiellement dans un domaine non-chauffé (60), en ce que notamment la résistance (10) forme en projection sur le plan de chauffage (21) un interstice (60) étroit et sans chauffage à peu près parallèle à la sonde thermométrique (61) en forme de tige et en ce que de préférence la sonde thermométrique (61) s'étend seulement sur une partie de l'ampleur du domaine occupé par la résistance (10) et le moyen de soutien (17), qui forment un domaine chauffé par prolongement du domaine non-chauffé (60) et/ou à l'extérieur de la sonde thermométrique (61).
  24. Elément de chauffe d'après une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les éléments de retenue (28) sont réalisés en forme d'étrier.
  25. Elément de chauffe d'après une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les éléments de retenue (28) sont réalisés à deux ou plusieurs couches, des couches limitrophes pouvant être de préférence adjacentes entr'elles à grande surface ou encore sur toute la surface, éventuellement par un épaississement de la section transversale ou présenter un petit écart entr'elles dans l'ordre de grandeur de l'épaisseur de matériau.
  26. Procédé pour l'ajustage de la valeur de résistance d'un élément de chauffe (1) d'après une des revendications précédentes, pour lequel au moins un secteur longitudinal (38, 39) présentant entre des extrémités des sections transversales avec une activité résistive, au moins d'une résistance de chauffage (10) allongée une valeur prescrite de résistance est approchée par une valeur réelle de résistance, caractérisé en ce que la valeur réelle de résistance au moins d'un secteur longitudinal (38, 39) de la résistance de chauffe (10) est acquérie, qu'elle est comparée ensuite avec la valeur prescrite de résistance et qu'elle est ensuite modifiée par changement des sections transversales ayant une activité résistive entre les extrémités (16) ainsi que en substance sans changement de la longueur du secteur longitudinal, le secteur longitudinal étant notamment muni d'ouvertures (46) et de secteurs partiels (55) à plusieurs couches et/ou étant converti après l'ajustage par déformation permanente en au moins un profilage (40, 50).
EP93113723A 1992-09-03 1993-08-27 Elément chauffant, en particulier pour appareils de cuisine Expired - Lifetime EP0590315B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4229375 1992-09-03
DE4229375A DE4229375C2 (de) 1992-09-03 1992-09-03 Strahlungs-Heizkörper

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EP0590315A2 EP0590315A2 (fr) 1994-04-06
EP0590315A3 EP0590315A3 (fr) 1994-12-28
EP0590315B1 true EP0590315B1 (fr) 2001-12-19

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US (1) US5498853A (fr)
EP (1) EP0590315B1 (fr)
JP (2) JP3458904B2 (fr)
CN (1) CN1130953C (fr)
AT (1) ATE211348T1 (fr)
AU (2) AU667563B2 (fr)
DE (2) DE4229375C2 (fr)
ES (1) ES2170061T3 (fr)
SI (1) SI9300457B (fr)
TR (1) TR27591A (fr)
TW (1) TW321820B (fr)
ZA (1) ZA936467B (fr)

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TR27591A (tr) 1995-06-13
JP2003303663A (ja) 2003-10-24
AU692708B2 (en) 1998-06-11
ATE211348T1 (de) 2002-01-15
CN1130953C (zh) 2003-12-10
AU5616696A (en) 1996-08-29
SI9300457A (en) 1994-03-31
SI9300457B (sl) 2003-12-31
ES2170061T3 (es) 2002-08-01
DE59310253C5 (de) 2010-01-07
TW321820B (fr) 1997-12-01
JPH06229564A (ja) 1994-08-16
US5498853A (en) 1996-03-12
DE4229375C2 (de) 2000-05-04
ZA936467B (en) 1994-03-22
AU667563B2 (en) 1996-03-28
JP3458904B2 (ja) 2003-10-20
CN1091581A (zh) 1994-08-31
DE59310253D1 (de) 2002-01-31
EP0590315A3 (fr) 1994-12-28
DE4229375A1 (de) 1994-03-10
AU4605393A (en) 1994-03-10
EP0590315A2 (fr) 1994-04-06

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