EP0590315B1 - Heater, especially for kitchen appliances - Google Patents

Abstract

At least one radiant heating resistor (10) consisting of a corrugated flat material strip has projections (28) which project in different directions from a corrugated longitudinal edge (14), on the one hand engaged in insulation (3) for retention and on the other hand form longitudinal sections (39) of slightly reduced electrical resistance, which longitudinal sections (39) appear dark in comparison with the interposed visibly glowing longitudinal sections (38) at the normal operating power. In consequence, when brought into use, this results in the corresponding longitudinal sections (38) illuminating in a manner which starts very quickly, is in the form of a point and then spreads to form a corrugated line, as well as the heating resistor (10) being anchored very reliably. <IMAGE>

Description

The invention relates to a heater according to the preamble of Claim 1 and is based on US-A-600 '057.

Such or similar devices can at least an elongated resistor, like a heating resistor, a series resistor, a luminous resistor or Like. Have. Radiant heaters are preferred for Cooking equipment for heating a hotplate, an oven muffle or other used. The radiant heater forms expediently a functional self-contained pre-assembled unit, as a whole on a corresponding Device, e.g. a hob, a muffle wall or Like. To be attached.

Instead of resistance, another elongated one can also be used Component may be provided, which is particularly suitable The effect or operation of the heater (e.g. the Direction and distribution of the heat output) influenced. This component can be one or more separate or integrated with it through one-piece training or the like Have bracket sections, support legs or the like., which, if necessary, for mutual support with a single counter surface or opposite counter surfaces serves.

In contrast to the support with essentially only one Edge surface it is advantageous, however, essential provide larger area support, their support area also at a distance from an outer or peripheral edge surface which can be at least 3, 10, 30 or 60 times corresponds to the width of the edge surface, which only can be about 4/100 to 1/10 mm or less. The Support legs can be over at least a quarter to a third or half the length or substantially over the entire length of the component continuously and thus e.g. a strip-like edge zone of the component form, the longitudinal edge of the end vertex of the support leg forms.

Instead or in addition, you can also use the distance successive support legs may be provided. Is the respective support leg not from a flat or film-like starting material by cutting or cutting manufactured along its edge boundary, but e.g. due to permanent bending deformation from a wire-like Material, it can be bow-shaped or partially ring-shaped or as Be formed section of a coil. Especially if the cross section of this starting material is not polygonal, e.g. rectangular or square, but circular or is flat oval or elliptical, the support area lies in a distance from the linear apex of the edge boundary, which is at least the minimum or maximum cross-sectional thickness corresponds to the starting material, this Measure the distance approximately at right angles to the edge boundary is. In any case, the support leg is advantageously flat insofar as its width or length is at least 2-, 4- or 30 times greater than the specified material thickness.

The heater is structurally arranged so that at least one component or resistor on its heating side then at least over part of its length from the outside is visible if this heating side is not through a cooking vessel or the like. is blocked or covered. On this heating side the heater or the respective resistor is advantageous with a translucent cover, e.g. B. a glass ceramic plate shielded and thus protected against direct contact. The component can also have longitudinal sections or essentially throughout its length essentially completely recessed or embedded or encapsulated his.

The smaller the material thickness of the starting material is or the further this material thickness under one, half, a tenth or even half a tenth of a millimeter lies, the lower its strength, in particular its bending, kinking, tensile, tear or thermal strength, especially if it is regularly very different Temperatures in excess of 200 or 500 to Exposed to 1000 ° C. The firmness is not just that during operation, but also before and during the Assembly essential because here particularly high mechanical Loads can occur. Protects against these loads not if after inserting the support leg into his Operating position an end section for positive locking is angled at right angles, because only then through the Angular shape gives a certain stiffening. In this operating situation then forms the non-prefabricated bend together with the transversely protruding end leg the end apex at the free end of the support leg.

The so-called perceptible with the human eye Glow pattern of a resistor in the visible infrared radiation range is operated depends on numerous Factors, e.g. the intended electrical operating power, Cross-sectional changes in resistance, the thermal coupling or the shape of the resistor to the extent that this affects the current flow. Is the heating resistor e.g. as in the case of DE-A-2 551 137 as meandering flat material strips are formed, this results in performance concentrations in the range of protruding ends of the meander cutouts. Therefore take Projections opposite these protruding ends are provided on the outer edges of the meandering projections, practically no visible influence on the glow pattern in one such a case that this resistance is visible at all Radiation area would be operated.

US-A-600 057 shows a flat resistor with a single support leg that only in the elastic range is curved in that it is for connection to the base body is laid in alternating directions. The connection between support leg and base body is done by pouring in a glass or other curing insulation.

The invention is further based on the object To create radiant heaters, at which disadvantages are known Training or the type described are avoided and the particularly secure assembly connections for weak dimensioned components or an effective influence of the visible glow pattern guaranteed with simple training.

This object is achieved by the features according to patent claims 1 and 14 solved.

Means are also proposed to one or both of the support surfaces, also referred to below as support flanks, of a weakly dimensioned one Component in its strength e.g. by influencing that the respective support flank of the support members or the support area, also referred to as the support leg a pre-defined profile is assigned. Can too at least one side surface or support flank in an in Distance from the end of the profile area are at least partially in an orientation that of one to the straight or curved longitudinal central axis of the Component rectangular and / or parallel alignment deviates, the material cross section of the support flank having section in the profile area of a centric symmetrical cross section deviates in that state which this section occupies. The profile area can also be approximately parallel to the longitudinal direction mentioned and / or in at least one, two or more inclined positions opposite to this longitudinal direction, e.g. alternating Take directions. In the case of a bow-shaped Support leg can this apart from a possible spiral pitch also in the area of at least one stirrup leg and / or the temple crest one or more times across The plane of the bow or slope should be curved so that e.g. in the Cross section associated with the longitudinal direction of the leg Areas offset from each other transversely to the named plane are.

By profiling or the like. Means for change, in particular to increase the stated strengths, in particular the stiffness are created. It can also Profiling e.g. spade-shaped gutter or Form leadership profile by mutual, essentially full-surface frictional engagement in the counter surface Pull-off protection forms, however, during assembly or the like. a form-fitting guide against lateral movements guaranteed. Furthermore, the profiling can be transverse to it Resiliently stretchable and / or compressible in the longitudinal direction Compensation profile for mechanical, thermal or similar Form tensions. Furthermore, the profiling is large thermal coupling to the counter surface. Is the profiling in one to all directions essentially rigidly connected to the component or forms one Continuation of a profile deformation of this component, so can the essential strength of the component influence or increase. Finally, the profiling in their area the heating effect e.g. by influencing that it is only in the manner of a parallel resistor or the like Current flows through part or all of the length of the leg and thereby the heating power in their area opposite adjacent longitudinal sections of the Component increased or decreased.

The profile can also be parallel in a cross section be provided to the longitudinal direction of the leg, but is appropriate essentially only in cross sections provided at right angles to the longitudinal direction of the leg in order to simple way to form a plug-in link without previous Making a plug opening in a suitable one Material can be pierced while keeping the backlash free produces a plug-in opening that is exactly adapted to it, which it then attaches to open end or close to the free surface of the material closes. The profiling is then useful in all Longitudinal cuts parallel to the longitudinal or plug-in direction on both opposite or complementary sides to each other over the entire insertion depth or leg length parallel surface lines, which also continue in a straight line over most of the height or the entire height of the Component can be continued in a straight line.

The training according to the invention is also to support the Support leg only in the area of an edge surface or the End parting suitable. You can also, if necessary at im substantially flat outer shape, through a two or more layers Formation of the support leg be formed, wherein Adjacent layers lie against one another over a large or full area and / or a small distance of about the order of magnitude Have material thickness from each other. The multilayer can e.g. can be achieved in a simple manner by folding, the each folding edge the end apex and / or a side Long edge of the support leg can form and become one Thickening of the cross section leads.

The bracket section or the component is appropriate initially from a flat or flat and not pre-profiled Layer material, such as a thin sheet, after which the profiles are produced and thereby the effective length of the component is shortened. On single cut can be two complementary at the same time Edge surfaces of two before complete separation form mirror-symmetrical components that so e.g. can be produced completely waste-free if one Projection or support leg of a component in its Outline form exactly that of the gap between two protrusions of the other component.

Regardless of the training described, it can also be advantageous, at least one profile of a component or support leg to provide as a fine profile, at of the two profile legs starting from a profile vertex a large distance depending on the requirements from each other or a length of less than two to less than half a millimeter apart. Between These values can be measured in increments of one Vary tenths of a millimeter. In the case of a band or strip-shaped resistance or the like effective length of the component or resistance material in many cases greater than the actual length of this component in the Operating condition, i.e. its installed length. In the event of a resistance is particularly useful if this has a nominal voltage of more than 230 V, e.g. with about 400 V should be operated because then by the corresponding increased surface area of resistance of its specific thermal surface load reduced with the same performance can be. Two or more due to permanent deformation manufactured profiles of different fineness can be superimposed on each other. For example, can sections a coarser undulating profile in itself provided with a finer wavy profile be that e.g. a full wave of coarser profiles 5, 10 or even 20 full waves of finer profiling. While the largest leg distance of a U or V-shaped Profile unit of the coarser profile roughly in the order of magnitude the height of the exposed resistance section can lie, it lies in the fine profiling below Half, a quarter or a tenth of this height, being the distance also at least the 1, 3 or 5 to 10 or Can correspond to 20 times the material thickness of the fine profile.

Means for increasing the resistance value or for limiting of the mainly resistive area can only in individual longitudinal sections and / or over the entire length of resistance continuously through through the Initial material cross-section formed through breakthroughs his. Such breakthroughs can be in the support leg or in the main part of the component, two or more rows parallel to its longitudinal direction be provided and influence the heating behavior of the Heater in the relevant section. For example, can a Most of the openings are grid-like and close together lying in a field and a variety of such Fields can span the length of the component with larger spacing to be distributed. In the area of the respective opening then forms the support leg only with a part of its leg length a resistant one Area.

According to the invention are independent of those described Training also means or a procedure for adjustment proposed the resistance value of a resistor. Then the actual value of the resistance value is recorded with the Comparison of the setpoint, from which the actual value deviation is determined and derived from it without changing the effective resistance length the resistor worked so that its resistance value the target value is approximated or adjusted. The Machining is not done at the ends of the resistor string, but in the distance between them through cross-section thickening and / or material removal, e.g. by manufacturing of the folds or breakthroughs mentioned. Are such breakthroughs provided anyway, can be used to approximate the Resistance values of their intermediate distances and / or sizes can be varied continuously, which makes it extremely precise Resistance adjustment is possible. The material removal can be done with computer or microprocessor-controlled laser beam Kind of a finest perforation. The respective Breakthrough can be a width of less than 1 or 0.5 mm or of more than 1.5 or 2 mm. In the same order of magnitude can also use the spacing between neighboring ones Breakthroughs.

According to the invention, it is also independent of the training described advantageous if a the heating power or temperature of the heater monitoring temperature sensor of a temperature limiter or the like in view the heating level is provided in an area in which at least the power or arrangement density of the heating or the heating resistance much lower than in the Areas of highest density of this type. The named The area can also be essentially completely free of Radiation sections of the heating component and / or other components or only by the essentially flat surface of the insulating material or Be formed carrier for the component. Particularly useful is this training for a temperature sensor that is not over the entire width of the heating field, but only about to to its unheated middle zone, in which the Temperature sensor and the carrier be supported against each other can. This design enables the rod-shaped temperature sensor to achieve a flatter design of the heater relatively close to the surface of the carrier and there will be direct thermal reflections avoided by the sensor on the component, which this Could damage the component.

According to the invention, means are also provided by which a and the same resistance sections of such size and size such spacing makes that an average powerful human eye clear brightness contrasts these sections during power consumption, short after the start of power supply and / or some time after an interruption the power supply can clearly see. In view the respective section increases transversely on the heating side a maximum bandwidth in its longitudinal direction and appropriate is the length of the respective lighter and / or darker Section at least half the size, the same size or several times larger than this bandwidth, so that brighter and connect the darker sections clearly distinguishable.

The resistor can be designed so that the for brighter section provided in the heating phase, d. H. at the beginning of the power supply in the cooled state first begins to shine in a dot-like manner in the center then this red dot with this heating increasingly in opposite longitudinal directions of resistance to one Illuminated line enlarged until the operating temperature is reached this line of light its essentially constant Luminous length has reached and with its ends relatively sharp or with an abrupt decrease in brightness connects a darker longitudinal section. The light line can approximate in view of the location level of the resistor linear or slightly curved, zigzag, wavy and / or be similar. While the resistance in the area of Luminous line glows relatively bright, it glows in the area of the darker section is weaker or not visible Area so that this darker section indirectly from the lighter Section can be illuminated and thereby the contrast becomes even clearer.

There can be one or more resistors in the Area of a common field, e.g. B. in one another or adjacent turns or with adjacent Longitudinal areas are provided that are longer than those Grid areas are characterized by the lighter and darker Longitudinal sections are formed. In the longitudinal direction of the heating resistor or transversely to it, successive brighter ones or darker longitudinal sections of the same length or different Having lengths follow one another in a continuous line or across each other from such a connecting line be offset. They can also be the same or different Have intermediate distances, within a limited or the entire resistance field in a uniform, regular or different distribution density and also can be visually luminous section have clearly distinguishable brightness. As a result the possibility, depending on the respective setting or Performance status of the radiant heater clearly distinguishable To provide glow patterns, not only by eye control distinguish which heating resistor or which heating resistors are in operation, but the different ones form rasterized display symbols.

The design according to the invention also makes it possible to significantly shorten the time between the start of the power supply and the first visible lighting, namely under ten or five seconds or even under four seconds. For example, in the case of very low noise levels, the first tiny luminous dots can become visible just one second after the power supply is switched on, and the luminous lines have reached their full length after three to four seconds. In order to achieve an advantageously fine grid of the individual lighting units, an average of at least one or one and a half bright or dark section is expediently provided per cm ² heating surface, so that, for. B. in the case of a heating field with about 18 cm in diameter result in approximately 200 light and 200 dark sections. On the other hand, the screening could also be significantly increased by increasing the number of contrasting sections up to a doubling or tripling. It has proven to be advantageous if the maximum operating temperature between light and dark sections differs by at least 5 to 10 or 50 ° C or approximately 100 ° C or if it is approximately 1000 to 1050 ° C for the light sections or for the dark sections is about 950 to 1020 ° C, so that in one case this operating temperature is below 1000 or 1015 ° C and in the other case above.

The resistance stands in several places along its length or approximately even distribution in contact with a electrical or thermal insulation, it follows these points each have a direct heat-conducting coupling between the different materials of resistance and insulation. As long as the insulation is wide below their operating temperature z. B. about room temperature has cooled down, it can be started up of the resistance absorb heat at the points mentioned, however, this heat absorption is essentially complete when the insulation its operating temperature of about 1000 ° C has reached. This heat dissipation promotes the punctiform Start of lighting and the thermal characteristics this heat dissipation promotes the spread of the red dot to the light line.

Regardless of the training described, the respective Resistance also offset across its longitudinal direction have protruding projections for engagement in a Bracket for the resistor, e.g. B. in said insulation serve. These projections are expediently arranged in this way and trained so that they can be essentially only by friction or. Secure non-positive and non-positive. The respective The lead can be rectangular in one or two to each other and transverse to the direction of insertion of the projection Resiliently biased directions against corresponding counter surfaces the bracket to be created, whereby the friction is increased. For example, the resistance may be adjacent to the respective lead over its relaxed state elongated by stretching or by compression resiliently shortened so that the entire projection biased accordingly in the longitudinal direction of the resistance the insulation intervenes. The respective lead is appropriate formed by one of the described support legs.

The resistance can also be around a far outside of its side surfaces lying axis either to a narrower or a further curvature be resiliently curved, so that the respective lead due to this property across Longitudinal direction of resistance to the counter surfaces of the Bracket is pressed. Furthermore, the lead self resilient in itself, e.g. B. trough-shaped or according to Art a portion of a cone jacket to be formed and thereby forming pliers-like spring legs that either diverging or converging resilient against associated Counter surfaces of the bracket are pressed. Is the lead in a suitable manner with a flat cross section or the like. connected or formed in one piece with this, so results there is a curvature behavior of this strand-like overall component, specifically in the area of the respective lead is different than in areas where there is no head start is provided. Such a strand becomes elastic Area ring-shaped around a to the longitudinal direction of the Projection curved approximately parallel axis, such as the z. B. at Conversion into spiral turns is the case free end of the projection a slight tilting movement concave curvature side. Because projections in different Arch sections are therefore different directed tilting movements and then lie slightly oblique to the direction in which the Resistance is inserted into the holder; this direction lies z. B. at right angles to the heating level. The different Tilt positions of the projections then lead to an even better one Securing resistance to the bracket.

The projections can be made with the darker sections of the Resistance coincide, which is why for them in terms of Number and distribution density that can apply to what above is explained using the light or dark sections. The each protrusion expediently forms only a small one Part of its height is a resistive one or from electricity area through which the resistance value of the associated section of the resistance is reduced so that this in the manner described as a dark section appears. Advantageously, the lead includes this an area of greatest cross-section to the associated longitudinal edge of the rest of the resistance, the projection of this cross section to its free end on part or its entire height is tapered.

The specific resistance values or power densities in the sections with and without protrusions or Support legs can also be chosen approximately the same or they can be designed so that they are in terms of any operating characteristics do not distinguish that e.g. due to the cross-section with effective resistance, the thermal Storage capacity, the thermally conductive coupling, the larger of two cross-sectional dimensions lying at right angles to each other, the visible luminosity or Like. is defined. In this respect, neighboring ones can, however differently trained or all sections in at least one of the above operating states a line from im essentially continuously the same brightness form without a dashed pattern.

Fig. 1

einen Ausschnitt eines erfindungsgemäßen Heizers in perspektivischer Ansicht,

Fig. 2

einen Ausschnitt der Fig. 1 in vergrößerter Darstellung,

Fig. 3

eine weitere Ausführungsform eines Widerstandes in Draufsicht,

Fig. 4

eine weitere Ausführungsform eines Strahlungs-Heizers im Querschnitt,

Fig. 5

einen weiter vergrößerten Ausschnitt eines Strahlungs-Heizers im Axialschnitt,

Fig. 6 und 7

zwei weitere Ausführungsbeispiele in Darstellungen entsprechend Fig. 5,

Fig. 8

eine weitere Ausführungsform in einer Darstellung ähnlich Fig. 5,

Fig. 9 bis 11

drei weitere Ausführungsformen in Darstellungen entsprechend Fig. 8,

Fig. 12

einen wesentlich vergrößerten Ausschnitt eines weiteren Ausführungsbeispieles,

Fig. 13

zwei weitere Ausführungsbeispiele in einer Darstellung entsprechend Fig. 12,

Fig. 14

einen Strahlungs-Heizer in Ansicht auf die Heizseite und

Fig. 15

einen Ausschnitt der Figur 14 im Querschnitt.

These and other features emerge from the claims from the description and the drawings, the individual features being realized individually or in groups in the form of sub-combinations in one embodiment of the invention and in other fields, and advantageous and protectable designs can represent, for which protection is claimed here. Embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings and are explained in more detail below. The drawings show:

Fig. 1

a section of a heater according to the invention in perspective view,

Fig. 2

2 shows a detail of FIG. 1 in an enlarged view,

Fig. 3

another embodiment of a resistor in plan view,

Fig. 4

another embodiment of a radiant heater in cross section,

Fig. 5

a further enlarged section of a radiant heater in axial section,

6 and 7

two further exemplary embodiments in representations corresponding to FIG. 5,

Fig. 8

5 shows a further embodiment in a representation similar to FIG. 5,

9 to 11

three further embodiments in representations corresponding to FIG. 8,

Fig. 12

a substantially enlarged section of a further embodiment,

Fig. 13

two further exemplary embodiments in a representation corresponding to FIG. 12,

Fig. 14

a radiant heater in view of the heating side and

Fig. 15

a section of Figure 14 in cross section.

The radiation heater 1 has an essentially dimensionally stable, multi-part and cup-shaped base body 2, whose cup opening is essentially completely thermal Output forms. The largest material volume of the base body 2 forms an essentially two-part or three-part Insulation 3 from a supporting body 4 and an insulating body 5. The support body 4 has in particular electrically insulating Properties and forms the exposed to the thermal output, essentially flat and / or smooth bowl bottom. The support body 4 is approximately flat on one supported plate-shaped insulating body 5, which better have thermal insulating properties than the support body 4 and on this only in the edge and / or at least one ring area can rest so that between the two bodies 4, 5 there is a large free gap gap. The mechanical Strengths such as compressive, bending, tensile and / or shear strength of the insulating body 5 can be less than that of Support body 4, and both are in a version 6 from Material of higher strength compared to it, e.g. in a sheet metal shell, which the insulation 3 axially and / or secures radially essentially without play.

Above the bottom 7 of the insulation 3 there is an axially the cup opening forming, ring-shaped continuous edge 8 made of insulating material before, according to FIG. 1 in one piece with the supporting body 4 is formed and made of an insulating material consists of that of the support body 4 and / or the Insulator 5 is similar. This edge 8, its radial Thickness greater than that of the support body 4 is one jacket-shaped edge 9 of the version 6 closely surrounded, which in Installation state axially opposite the free face of the Insulation 3 is set back, e.g. by one on the Edge 8 attached insulation ring.

At the bottom 7 there are several elongated, strand-like components or resistors 10 attached so that they against movements parallel to the floor 7 or to its longitudinal direction or counter Lifting movements across the floor 7 are essentially free of play are secured. The resistors 10, here as heating resistors at least partially free within the bowl space are provided lying in or in one another multiple spiral turns or spirals approximately parallel be arranged to the edge 8. The resistors 10 are preferred essentially evenly distributed over a field that over the entire circumference approximately to the inner circumference of the edge 8 on and extends to the center of the bottom 7.

Each resistor 10 has its own in the exposed area entire length essentially exactly the same throughout approximately rectangular flat cross sections in that he is made from a flat ribbon.

The flat ribbon remains in the plastic area as well as in the elastic area deformed by bends. It has two in cross section parallel side surfaces 12, 13 and two of these connecting, very narrow edge surfaces 14, 15. His Thickness 32 can e.g. about 0.07 mm and its largest cross section or width 31, 34 e.g. about 4 to 8 mm, in particular be 6 to 7 mm. The respective band end of the Resistor 10 can be used directly and without additional intermediate elements formed as an electrical connection end 16 his. It can be made by bending or interleaving it remaining resistor 10 in a position in which it is non-contact with the insulation 3 and is for the electrical connection is particularly suitable.

The respective connection end can also be directly through a another non-deformed end of the band can be formed as it is if the tape is in any suitable position its length only by one lying across it Cutting cut is cut off. Furthermore, the tape end bent in the shape of an eye or fold and between its fold legs a transversely projecting pin attached be the z. B. continuously over its entire length has the same flat rectangular cross-sections. The connection end is parallel to the floor 7 and in all directions this at least slightly free to move, making it good can be aligned with those counterparts to which it is to be connected for its electrical connection.

A one-piece continuous ribbon can also be two to each other form adjacent, separately switchable resistors, if these are in one piece at their ends via a transverse section merge into one another and / or these individual resistors connecting cross section in one piece with a corresponding Connection end is formed.

The respective resistor 10 forms one over the largest Part of its length or its entire length interrupted continuous fastening section 17 in that it over this length with interruptions so directly engaged with the support body 4 is that it against this Movements in the directions mentioned are secured. For this is an adjoining an edge surface 14 with projections 28 Engagement section 18 in corresponding recesses 19 of the supporting body 4 embedded closely adapted. The Flat cross section 11 forms between the two edge surfaces 14, 15 continuously resistant cross-sections, those in the area of the projections 28 each by about 10% or are less enlarged.

The depth of engagement of the projections 28 or the engagement portion 18 can e.g. about 3 to 4 mm or about as much as or more than half of the associated total width 31, 34 of the ribbon. The two side surfaces 12, 13 can in the area of the common longitudinal section or the head start at different heights on the Insulating material of the supporting body 4 or at the same height depending on the radiation conditions or thermal coupling effects are to be achieved. Each after whether the respective spiral section is in an area is elastically biased by expansion or contraction, it is under spring tension with the inner or outer Side surface 13 or 12 of the respective projection on the Form support surfaces.

The resistors 10 are on the facing the cup opening Heating side 20 of the base 7 or the base body 2 and determine e.g. with their closer to the thermal output Edge surfaces 15 a heating plane approximately parallel to the floor 7 21. The radiator 1 has a central, to this heating level 21 perpendicular axis 22 around which the resistors 10 are curved. Each resistor 10 has in addition to its elastic large curvature a profile, namely one in its longitudinal direction changing, e.g. sinusoidal curved course. In view of the heating level 21 is the Resistor 10 alternating with opposite, however in provided substantially the same curvatures 23 and adjacent Curvatures go with their almost straight or flat Legs 24 in one piece.

The projections 28 and the depressions are also corresponding 19 permanently curved or stiff, the legs 24 diverge from the respective curvature 23, expediently under an angle of more than 30 °, 60 ° or 90 °. This will thermal elongations of the resistance relatively easily transferred to the support body 4. The curl is essentially due to bending in the plastic area manufactured permanently, but allowed in any length range in addition elastic deformations z. B. for the production of Large curvature, to lengthen or shorten the resistance as well as the curvature of the resistance across the heating plane 21 to the resistance in each area to the shape of the floor 7 to be able to adapt.

The inner circumference 27 of the edge 8, which according to FIG. 4 also has one can form separate component from the support body 4, limited practically the thermal output of the radiator unit 1 am Outer circumference. 4, the free end face 25 of the Edge 8 by a small amount over the end face of the edge 9 before, so that a radiation-permeable cover plate 26 Glass ceramic or the like with its flat back or underside prestressed under pressure against this end face 25 can. The measure of leadership, e.g. about the sheet thickness of the Version 6 can be so large that between the Back of the cover plate 26 and the edge 9 only a gap distance is. Does the end face 25 give way under the pressure or by aging the edge 8 to the heating level 21, so can thereby the edge 9 is not in direct contact with the Cover plate 26 arrive, but the gap distance can at most to a minimum of e.g. Reduce 1 mm or the like.

The heating plane 21 is at a distance from the end face 25 or the cover plate 26 set back. However, the respective heating resistor or can separate heating resistors different distances over the floor 7 to the heating side 20 project freely, to different depths in the supporting body 4 intervene, different bandwidth, different Have projections and / or different tape thickness, whereby Areas of the heating field with different power densities or different responsiveness of the heating effect and glowing can be created.

The projections 28 are expediently included in the corrugation in such a way that that the respective projection at least in the transition to the Edge surface 14, over most of its height and up same wave curvatures as the near its free end associated remaining portion of the flat cross section 11 has. There the projection 28 to its free end in a sharp or rounded tip 37 or in an end apex, this can be free of individual or all projections such curvatures. When pressed flat or as level processing, the respective lead is appropriate approximately triangular, with its largest Extension in the longitudinal direction of the resistor 10 approximately as large like a full wave of corrugation or only slightly is smaller. As a result, the lead extends here over one or two curvatures 23 and over one or two Leg 24. Opposite this extension is the light one Distance between successive projections is appropriate greater.

As Figure 3 shows, the corrugation can also have a shape similar have a trapezoidal toothing, so that the to the longitudinal direction of the Resistor 10 approximately parallel sections 23 approximately flat are and over relatively small radii of curvature in the Pass over leg 24. You can do this in succession alternately smaller and larger radii of curvature are provided be so that the corrugation in a simple manner in the run between two interlocking teeth with symmetrical teeth Gears uniform over the entire length of the resistor can be made.

Of the fastening projections 28, the respective in View of the heating side 20 almost completely congruent to the rest of the flat cross section 11 of the heating resistor 10 lie or at most over the respective side surface about 1 or 2 times its material thickness 32 z. B. protrude from the fact that it lies slightly tilted.

The fastening projection 28 engages completely recessed the supporting body 4, which also extends to the bottom of the socket 6 can be formed in one piece, so that no two superimposed Insulating layers to form the insulation 3 required are. The edge surface 14 of the resistive Flat cross section 11, which is approximately at right angles to the heating plane 21 stands, can also at least partially sunk slightly engage in the supporting body 4. The edge surface 14 but can also at least partially directly on the level Bearing surface of the bottom 7 or at least partially Have a gap distance from this surface.

The protrusions 28 are along the length of the resistor 10 almost uniformly in the manner of teeth distributed. Compared to the largest cross-sectional width 31 of the Flat cross section 11 has the respective fastening projection 28 expediently a larger overall width 33, the again can be greater than its height 34. This height 34 can be of the order of the cross-sectional width 31 or be larger in comparison.

5, the fastening projections 28 are in side view due to their lateral edge boundaries or outer edges right-angled to acute-angled, so that at the free end a corresponding tip 37 as a piercing tip for insertion into the dry prefabricated or still moist moldable support body 4 is formed. Before impressing the resistance 10 can at least against its spring force stretched or shortened on sections be what he in this state in the support body 4th is pushed in. After releasing the length changing The respective longitudinal section springs back force and is accordingly in tension on the support body 4, so that the resistance to lifting off the floor 7 is very good is frictionally secured. The projections 28 lie expediently complete including their tips 37 inside the support body 4, although the tips also up to the insulating body 5 could be enough.

In Fig. 3, the length of a solid shaft is designated 29 and it can be seen that the parallel to this linear measure measuring width 33 is about 1/7 smaller. The average distance 35 between successive protrusions 28 or their tips 37 is half the size 29 by a non-integer factor between 4 and 5 greater. This takes each projection 28 or its tip 27 a different position with respect to the central longitudinal plane 30 of the Resistor 10 one and likewise essentially everyone 3 has a different shape in cross section according to FIG e.g. B. three to five angularly adjoining leg sections. This results in a very favorable claw the resistance to the supporting body 4.

6, the fastening projections 28 are arcuate or bounded approximately semicircular. Here you can see how the Edge surface 14 following the foot sections 36 of the Projections 28 a gap distance from the free surface of the Soil 7 can have, this gap distance essential is smaller than the dimensions 31, 34 or in the order of magnitude Material thickness of the resistor can be. The free end of the respective fastening projection 28 can also on a Part of its height z. B. exposed in that it is in a Depression or recess of the insulating body 5, possibly without contact, intervenes.

Fig. 7 shows a training with differently shaped Fastening projections 28, namely a non-pitch circle, but rather partially elliptical projection and with one triangular projection with rounded tip 37. The round one Projection 28 on the right in FIG. 7 has a widely used one Foot section 36 so that the effective over its length Resistance of the flat cross section 11 is reduced accordingly is.

With essentially the same electrical power supply the longitudinal sections 38 light up between the projections 28 brighter than and / or in front of the studded with the projections 28, shorter longitudinal sections 39, since at least the root or Foot section 36 at a low height in the electricity flowed through conductor cross-section and therefore here the electrical resistance value is reduced accordingly. Since also when starting the still cool resistor 10 the longitudinal sections 39 and the support body 4 not yet or are not heated significantly above room temperature or in temperature some 100 ° C below the operating temperature lie, they can first of all from the longitudinal sections 38 highest resistance value relatively much heat absorb by heat conduction. This starts the longitudinal sections 38 initially approximately in the middle between each punctiform on both sides of adjacent longitudinal sections 39 visible glow and thereby the longitudinal ones Zones to warm up to the glow point one approximately adjoining the adjacent projections 28 Has spread the glow line.

Then the projections 28 and the longitudinal sections 39 also have and the zones of the supporting body 4 lying in their area reaches its operating temperature at which it is Longitudinal sections 38 absorb virtually no more heat or can derive. Compared to the glow brightness of the longitudinal sections 38 the longitudinal sections 39 appear dark, although they are in a longer-wave range of infrared radiation also radiant heat to the thermal output of the Give up the radiant heater. The light lines are in the described wavy, being consecutive Illuminated waves, such as the waveform of the protrusions 28 described, have different shape. After parking the current supply in the operating state cools the respective Longitudinal section 38 approximately over its entire length in substantially evenly, so that it is correspondingly even loses its luminosity.

As shown in FIG. 3 in particular, the component 10 points through the described training within the width 33 of the support leg 28 a profiling 40 of the type described, which either essentially only outside of where appropriate flat support leg 28, namely between the edge surfaces 14, 15, only in the region of the support leg 28 at in substantially flat design between the edge surfaces 14, 15 or both between these edge surfaces 14, 15 and is provided in the region of the support leg 28. Is in the respective lateral edge limitation 41 of the support leg 28 with an incision, a recess or the like. provided, the profile 40 of the support leg 28 deviate from that between the edge surfaces 14, 15.

The support leg 28 forms a longitudinal view through each incision one with the associated edge delimitation 41 Edge leg or edge strip, which is so transverse to its surface can be bent outwards or inwards so that it is one opposite the other profile forms a further or narrower profile. Incisions can e.g. in the foot area 36 or in an extension the edge surface 14 from both lateral edge boundaries 41 forth over less than half the width 33 and / or in Distance therefrom and at a distance from the end apex 37 is provided become. Opposing incisions can be made with each other align or in the direction of length 34 against each other be offset. In any case, the profile 40 is the Support leg 28 appropriately assigned so that its strength, the firmness of its connection with the rest Component 10 and / or the strength of this remaining component 10 changed in the area of cross-sectional width 31, in particular is increased. The respective incision is advantageous as waste-free cut or punch cut. After this Bend out the cut-out parts of the support leg 28 can the support flanks 43, 44 in the longitudinal view of the Support leg 28 at least partially outside the side surfaces 12, 13 of the remaining component 10 lie. For example, can both support flanks 43, 44 or the respective edge limitation 41 are at a distance outside a side surface 12 or 13. The support flanks 43, 44 lie in the region of the end apex 37 however expediently approximately congruent with the side surfaces 12, 13.

The distance between the longitudinal center planes 42 adjacent Support leg 28 can also the pitch 29 or the Length of a solid shaft or a profile unit essentially be equal. Then successive longitudinal median planes fall 42 with symmetry or center planes of these profile units together and each support leg 28 is about that same profile 40 assigned. Instead of 1 times the Dimension 29, the distance can also be 2, 3 or more times this measure be 29.

8, the total width or total width 31, 34 of the Component 10 over most of its length in essentially constant or in this area that of Edge surface 15 opposite edge surface rectilinear. This Edge surface is one through end apex 37 Support leg 28 formed, which in turn a continuous Edge strip of the component 10 forms. In this Edge strips can be in one of the division 29 or 35 corresponding Division incisions of the type described provided be the starting transversely or at right angles from the end apex 37 and in the foot region of the support leg 28 in only one or pass over several cross sections so that they e.g. T-shaped are. This in turn can be the profiling of the support leg 28 compared to that of the rest of the area Component 10 are changed.

8 to 11 are means 45 for changing the Work or heating behavior provided by which both mechanical behavior of the component 10 during its shaping, Assembly and under thermal changes in length as well Resistance of the respective longitudinal section influenced or can be changed. For example, are approximately in the support leg 28 equally large openings 46 or holes are provided can each be arranged in a grid-like manner in a field 47. 10 consecutive fields in the longitudinal direction of the component 47 each have a distance from each other that is larger than the distance between openings 46 within of the field 47 or at least approximately as large as the extent of a field 47 in the longitudinal direction of the component 10. The openings 46 are in two in the longitudinal direction of the component 10 parallel rows are provided, the closer to or row immediately adjacent to the end vertex 37 each field 47 at least one breakthrough less than that may have more distant row. That’s it respective field 47, that only by a single breakthrough can be formed, widened to the edge surface 15.

The means 45 can also through the mentioned cuts 48, 49 be formed. Such an incision 48 is at a distance approximately in the middle between adjacent fields 47 or in provided in the middle of such a field 47, it is expediently T-shaped. Will the two through the incision 48 cut strips to the same side or to the side opposite sides from the area of the remaining flat cross-section bent out, so your electrical line connection separated, and increases in their area the resistance of component 10. The same applies if the incision 49 through two parallel, from the end apex 37th or the edge surface 14 outgoing transverse incisions , which in each case in a to the longitudinal direction of the component 10 pass approximately parallel longitudinal incision, this Longitudinal incisions against and / or away from each other can be directed. 8 enforce the cross and Longitudinal incisions each delimiting an outermost one Breakthrough 46 of the associated field 47.

A cross cut or a T-shaped cut could also be from the end apex 37 of a support leg designed as a projection 28 going out. Through the respective field 47 in whose area is the electrical resistance of component 10 changed, in particular increased, the increase in resistance can be adapted by the respective incision 48 that in its area the resistance is about the same as in Area of field 47 is so that adjoining Longitudinal sections 38, 39 in at least one of the named Operating states light up approximately equally brightly. The breakthroughs 46 or incisions 48, 49 are each expedient essentially completely from the through the recess of the supporting body 4 formed counter surfaces 19 covered, so that the Material of the support body 4 in the openings 46 and the Cut edge surfaces can intervene.

9, the openings 46 are in a single, too the edge surfaces 14, 15 approximately parallel row and with Distance approximately in the middle between these edge surfaces 14, 15 provided. The support legs 28 themselves are none Breakthroughs provided, but breakthroughs are also in those longitudinal sections 39 which have the projections 28. The row with approximately the same spacing Breakthroughs 46 extend over most of the Length of the component 10 or over its entire length. By slightest changes in the spacing or sizes of the Breakthroughs 46 can be the resistance value of the entire component 10 continuously changed, namely by increasing the Intermediate distances or reduction of the breakthroughs reduced or by reducing the spacing and Enlargement of the openings 46 can be increased. The tabs 28 are approximately trapezoidal in view of their side faces, so that an approximately parallel to the edge surface 14, 15, line-shaped apex edge 37 results, the length of each larger or smaller than dimension 31 as required or 34 can be.

10, the openings 46 are in each case again Line fields 47 provided only in the longitudinal sections 38 and are spaced apart from each other, which the Correspond to the length of the longitudinal sections 39. In the case of FIG. 9 and 10, the openings 46 are exposed outside of the support body 4 in the bright glowing area 31 of the component 10.

The component 10 according to FIG. 11 is similar to that according to FIG. 8, but the support leg 28 has two or more longitudinal rows of openings 46, the openings 46 of a row in the longitudinal direction of the component 10 approximately by half their spacing from the breakthroughs the other longitudinal row are offset. These longitudinal rows can in the case of Figure 9 over the entire length of the Go through component 10 substantially evenly. in the Area 31 has no openings, but can whose resistance value in the manner described by means of Breakthroughs 46 are changed because of the breakthroughs 46 area or support leg 28 having a parallel resistance the area 31 forms and opposite the area 31 has a significantly higher resistance value.

According to FIG. 12, component 10 has a fine profile 50 which, even without profiling 40, on a component 10 is conceivable that only with one of its curvature around the central axis the weak curvature corresponding to the heating field without permanent deformation is curved and / or approximately rectilinear Has longitudinal sections that are opposite aligned small curves of curvature merge. Here the fine profiling 50 is superimposed on the profiling 40, being at the same time as profiling 40 or before this can be made. The fine profiling is 50 essentially uniform or undulating, with their Graduation 51 much smaller than the corresponding division 29 of the profiling 40. Also across the middle plane 30 profile width to be measured 53 of the fine profiling 50 much smaller than the corresponding profile width 52 of the Profiling 40, but several times greater than the material thickness 32.E.g. profile width 53 with a material thickness 32 between half a tenth and a tenth of a millimeter and a profile width 52 between two and four millimeters are less than two millimeters and about half to one Millimeters. The same applies to the fine division 51, which is about the same size as the profile width 53 or in contrast, can be up to half smaller.

In Fig. 13, two different ones are left and right Fine profiling 50 shown in successive Longitudinal sections of a single component or on separate Components can be provided. The component 10 is with successive, opposite folds 54 of the Source material provided, each three-layer sections 55 form which over a single-layer intermediate section are interconnected. By enlarging or reducing the expansion or the intermediate distances of the multilayer sections 55 results in funds corresponding to Means 45. While on the right in FIG. 13 at least two or all layers of section 55 are in full contact with one another, they are close to each other on the left in Fig. 13, which, however, is only of the order of magnitude of the material thickness lie. The fine profile 50 can only in section 31 or only in section 34 and in both sections 31, 34 of the Cross section of the component 10 may be provided. Can too in the fine profiling 50 openings according to FIGS. 8 to 11 may be provided.

14 and 15 show, is approximately in the center or An unheated one symmetrical to the central axis of the heating field or provided by the resistance 10 free central zone 56, the Width less than half or a quarter of the width of the Heating field is and in the one across the floor to the heating side protruding annular projection 57 made of the insulating material the bottom 7 is provided. The radiator 1 is with a temperature limiter 58, the electrical Circuitry receiving socket 59 on the outside of the radiator 1 or that not shown in FIG. 14 Edge 9 is such that it does not touch the cover plate 26 can toast. The base 59 protrudes freely rod-shaped temperature sensor 61 from the edges 8, 9 in penetrates essentially closely matched openings and about radially overhanging the heating field. The temperature sensor 61 can e.g. from a metallic exposed outer tube and an inner rod in it with different thermal Expansion coefficients can be formed, the outer tube is substantially rigidly attached to the base 59 during the Inner rod actuated a contact lying in the base 59.

The free end of the temperature sensor 61 only extends up to approximately in the area of the central zone 56 and can be opposite Circumferential areas of the projection 57 cover or on these are under slight prestress. In view on the heating side or heating level 21 are in the range of Temperature sensor 61 no sections of component 10, but this creates an unheated gap in this area 60, the width of which is at least 2 or 3 times larger than that Cross-sectional width of the temperature sensor 61 in this area is. For this purpose, the resistor 10 forms approximately Center axis of the heating field curved, concentrically one inside the other Curvature sections, which are over a Extend arc angles of slightly less than 360 °, however the opposite of the free end of the temperature sensor 61 Go through the side of the heating field continuously.

In the area of the gap 60 two go immediately adjacent curvature sections over a small Curvature curve in one piece, so that this Curvatures on at least one side of the temperature sensor 61 the lateral flank boundaries of the gap 60 form. On one side, a connection section 16 may be approximately parallel to the temperature sensor 61 to the innermost section of curvature of the resistor 10 and be guided on this Form the side of the gap 60, of which the associated Arcs of curvature are at a distance. This will direct reflections of the radiation emanating from the component 10 back to component 10 avoided and also the temperature sensor 61 be placed closer to the floor 7. The Base 59 is so resilient on the base body 2 or on the floor the version 6 attached with a bracket that the temperature sensor 61 with the base 59 springing back transversely to the heating level small evasive movements at least towards parts of the Basic body 2 can run.

All described training, components, units or Rooms can only be used once or in one A plurality of two or more may be provided, e.g. B. by several To be able to switch power levels. Instead of the middle one Distance 35 on the order of 1 to 3 times the associated largest width of the respective projection 28 This distance can also be selected at least up to twelve times about any integer multiple of this width correspond, depending on what effects are achieved should.

Claims (26)

1. Heater (1), particularly for kitchen appliances, which defines a heating plane (21) of a heating area (20) and in an operating state comprises at least one base (2) and a plurality of constructional segments (10, 17, 28), whereof at least two are interconnected to form a subassembly in the unassembled installation state of the heater (1), the constructional segments having as the first constructional segment a resistor (10) and as the second constructional segment a support device (17) with an engagement element and where in the operating state the first constructional segment (10) is fixed with the support device (17) to the base (2) and the support device (17) has lateral support faces (43, 44) for flat engagement in mating faces (19) of the base (2), characterized in that there are several engagement elements in the form of fastening projection-containing holding members (28) and that the support faces (43, 44) of the fastening projections are formed by a permanently precurved stiffening profile (40, 50).
2. Heater according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one of the holding members (28) forms on the support device (17) a second longitudinal portion (39) connected to a first longitudinal portion (38) and the mutually remote support faces (43, 44) on either side of median planes (30) of the holding members (28) in a flat area, that the support device (17) forms an edge boundary (37, 41) with lateral edge faces (41) of the holding member (28) connected to lateral edge planes, the holding member having at the end of a linear longitudinal extension (34) determining a holding member longitudinal direction and directed transverse to the longitudinal extension of the support device (17) a substantially outermost apex end (37), the support device (17) having sectional configurations in at least one longitudinal section parallel to the holding member longitudinal direction and at least in a cross-section transverse to the holding member longitudinal direction and in at least one of these sectional configurations between the support faces (43, 44) is determined a material thickness (32) and in which at least one of the support faces (43, 44) is provided for supporting the first structural segment (10) with respect to the mating face (19) in a support zone, which is located in a distance from the edge boundary (37, 41) at least corresponding to the material thickness (32), that in particular the profile (40, 50) is located at least partly along the holding member longitudinal direction between the edge planes and forms profile sections and that preferably in at least one of the sectional configurations at least one profile section is located approximately between the edge planes transverse to at least one of the planes (30).
3. Heater according to claim 2, characterized in that at least one profile (40, 50) forms the support faces (43, 44) for spaced from the end apex (37) or the edge boundary (41) large-area supporting of the support device (17) constructed as a support section of the first structural segment (10), a guide profile for the non-positive engagement and for displaceable guidance of the support device (17) on the mating face (19) a bent, spade-like profiling formed by permanent and non spring-back deformation of a starting material, a spring-back stretchable compensation profile for stresses, a thermal coupling profile, an extension of a profile deformation of substantially the entire first structural segment (10), an electric, resistance-active section of the first structural segment (10) or the like, that in particular at least one profile (40, 50) is connected substantially fixedly or stiffly with the first structural segment (10) and is provided in at least one cross-section transverse to the holding member longitudinal direction and that preferably at least of the support face (43, 44) in the vicinity of the profiling (40, 50) and in at least one longitudinal section parallel to the holding member longitudinal direction is approximately linear substantially emanating from the end apex (37).
4. Heater according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that at least one support face (43, 44) in the vicinity of the edge boundary (41) is inclined to the plane (30), which interconnects remote or spaced succeeding flank portions of the edge boundary (41) in the longitudinal direction of the first structural segment (10), that in particular at least one support face (43, 44), including the associated side face (12, 13) of the first structural segment (10) in at least one of the sectional configurations passes substantially uninterruptedly linearly and/or in step-free manner substantially over the entire extension of the first structural segment (10) parallel to the sectional plane of this sectional configuration and that preferably the profile (40, 50) with the first structural segment (10) forms a prefabricated assembly unit or is constructed in one piece with the structural segment (10).
5. Heater according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first structural segment (10) at least partly forms an elongated resistor, such as a radiant heating resistor, that in particular at least one of the holding members (28) forms a projection or its edge boundary (41) is connected to an edge (14) of the first structural segment (10) which is longer than it and that preferably at least one of the holding members (28) at least over part of its longitudinal extension (34) in at least one sectional configuration has at least in the transition into the associated longitudinal side (14) of the first structural segment (10) leg portions (24) at an angle to one another or at least one curvature (23) and at least one of the holding members (28) is formed by a flat cross-section or a flat material strip.
6. Heater according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one profile (40, 50) and holding member (28) over most of its holding member longitudinal extension (34) has cross-sections, whose extension in two directions at right angles to one another is greater than its material thickness (32), that in particular the profile (40, 50) over substantially the entire longitudinal extension (34) of the first structural segment (10) forms in cross-section several curvatures (23) of at least one of the support faces (43, 44) and that preferably the support device (17) in the direction of the longitudinal extension of the first structural segment (10) is length-extendable or at least one of the holding members (28) is curved in channel-like manner.
7. Heater according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the longitudinal extension (34) of at least one of the holding members (28) is greater than the residual height (31) of the first structural segment (10) projecting over it, that in particular at least one of the holding members (28) is tapered in width (33) towards its free end or forms with the end apex (37) a sticking tip or edge projecting transversely to the longitudinal extension and that preferably adjacent holding members (28) have an average mutual spacing (35) which is approximately 2 to 4 times greater than the greatest width (33) of the individual holding member (28) or that the holding member (28) in a view parallel to the holding member longitudinal direction is provided substantially within the outer boundaries (12, 13) of the associated longitudinal section (38) of the first structural segment (10).
8. Heater according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the support device (17) is secured against raising movements exclusively by frictional engagement of at least one of the support faces (43, 44), that in particular the first structural segment (10) connecting on both sides to at least one of the holding members (28) in the same portion of its longitudinal extension (34) or between adjacent holding members (28) has in each case an uninterrupted, step-free, continuous longitudinal edge face (14) transverse to the holding member longitudinal direction and that preferably substantially all edge faces (14) located between the holding members (28) in the case of a relaxed, first structural segment (10) are approximately located in one plane.
9. Heater according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one of the holding members (28) in a planar form brought about for flat evolution continuously has substantially step-free, lateral edge faces (41) or that all the holding members (28) in their evolved form have a substantially identical construction, that in particular the support device (17) along a median longitudinal line (30) has spaced succeeding individual holding members (28), which have a different shape and in the case of linear, stress-free length orientation of the support device (17) have different orientations with respect to the median longitudinal line (30) and that preferably free ends (37) of the holding members (28) are located in different planes and that in a view parallel to the holding member longitudinal direction the holding members (28) are differently and oppositely curved.
10. Heater according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one of the holding members (28) has substantially the same shape and size as a cutout between the adjacent holding members (28), that in particular at least one of the holding members (28) passes uninterruptedly over a length portion of the first structural segment (10) which is greater than one to several times the holding member length (34) of the holding member and that preferably the holding members (28) are provided over more than a quarter of the length to approximately the total length of the first structural segment (10).
11. Heater according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that means (45) are provided for varying the electrical resistance of the first structural segment (10) and the support device (17), such as material folds of the starting material, raster-like distributed openings (46), whereof at least one is bounded by the holding member and is closed over the circumference, that in particular at least one of the holding members (28) with only part of its holding member length (34) forms a resistance-active area and that preferably at least one of the holding members (28) is traversed by several raster-like openings (46) in the holding member longitudinal direction or in the length direction of the first structural segment (10) transverse thereto or zones (47) provided with closely positioned openings (46) are spaced from one another in the longitudinal direction of the first structural segment (10).
12. Heater according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one profile (50) is constructed as a fine profiling with over division spacings (51) of at the most 20 to 4 times the material thickness (32) of the holding member (28) or less than 3 to 0.4 mm interconnecting, identical profile units, that in particular the fine profiling (50) is superimposed on a coarser profiling (40) with much larger divisions (29) than the division spacings (51) and that preferably the fine profiling (50) is at least partly substantially uniform wave-like or at least partly scale-like with approximately engaging profile legs.
13. Heater according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the support device (17) determines a position plane (21) and at least one of its longitudinal sections (38, 39) is curved in a view on the position plane (21), that in particular at least one longitudinal portion (38, 39) has sections (23, 24) at an angle to one another and that preferably leg sections (24) of at least one longitudinal portion (38, 39) of the first structural segment (10) diverge at an acute angle to one another or that the longitudinal portion (38, 39) in a view of the position plane (21) assumes an at least partly curved band width (52, 53) and its length parallel to the position plane is much greater than said band width.
14. Heater (1), particularly for kitchen appliances, which defines a heating plane (21) of a heating area (20) and in an operating state comprises at least one base (2) and a plurality of constructional segments (10, 17, 28), whereof at least two are interconnected to form a subassembly in the unassembled installation state of the heater (1), the constructional segments having as the first constructional segment a resistor (10) and as the second constructional segment a support device (17) with an engagement element and where in the operating state the first constructional segment (10) is fixed with the support device (17) to the base (2) and the support device (17) has lateral support faces (43, 44) for flat engagement in mating faces (19) of the base (2) in which several engagement elements in the form of fixing projection-containing holding members (28) are provided, the resistor (10) being constructed as a wavy flat band, which is fixed to an insulating support member (4) by means of spaced holding members (28) and is at least partly constructed for operation with operating radiant temperatures in the visible radiation range and the resistor (10) has numerous linked, common power-operable longitudinal portions (38, 39) with different operating radiant temperatures, which have different radiation brightnesses, the longitudinal portions with the lower radiant temperature and brightness being in the vicinity of the holding members (28).
15. Heater (1) according to claim 14, characterized in that the heating resistor (10) has means (17) for substantially non-positive retention and raster-like alternating, succeeding, operationally resistance-active, first and second longitudinal portions (38, 39), which in operating states, namely between the start of power consumption in a heating phase up to the reaching of a permanent operating power, in the permanent operating power and in a cooling phase after switching off the operating power have specific power characteristics, namely electrically active resistance values, resistance-active cross-sections, thermal storage capacities and operating temperatures and that at least one of the power characteristics of interconnected resistance-active longitudinal portions (38, 39) in at least one of the operating states differs.
16. Heater according to claim 14 or 15, characterized in that along a continuous connecting line (30) the raster-like, succeeding, first and second longitudinal portions (38, 39) are mutually displaced transverse to the connecting line (30), that in particular only the second longitudinal portions (39) are provided with at least one of the holding members (28) of the support device (17) and that preferably the first longitudinal portions (38) are located between the holding members (28).
17. Heater according to one of the claims 14 to 16, characterized in that the support device (17) forms winding-like, juxtaposed longitudinal areas located in a zone and which are longer than the raster areas of different power characteristics formed by the longitudinal portions (38, 39), that in particular the support device (17) in the vicinity of the longitudinal portions (38, 39) is oppositely curved whilst excluding a helical pitch or the particular longitudinal portion (38, 39) has at least one curvature (23) and extends substantially over one or more full waves (29) of the heating resistor (10) and that preferably the heating resistor (10) and holding members (28) of the support (17) are permanently precurved in wave-like manner in the vicinity of the longitudinal portions (38, 39).
18. Heater according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the vicinity of at least one of its longitudinal portions (38, 39), the heating resistor (10) has flat cross-sections or is formed from a flat strip and in cross-section has two approximately parallel lateral faces (12, 13) and two edge faces (14, 15 or 37) connecting the same and whereof at least one as a longitudinal edge face (15, 37) passes uninterruptedly substantially in one plane and the other is constructed in the manner of a tooth system, that in particular the heating resistor (10) together with the plate-like holding member (28) is in longitudinal section placed in standing manner and that the heating resistor or the holding member (28) of the support device (17) between the edge faces (41) in at least one planar sectional configuration has full cross-sections over its height.
19. Heater according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first structural segment (10) is arranged in at least partly overhung manner on at least one support body (4) of the base (2) and is thermally coupled by spaced, longitudinally distributed longitudinal portions (39) to the support body (4), that in particular the support device (17) between its longitudinal ends(16) is constructed in one piece throughout and the first and second longitudinal portions (38, 39) of associated end portions (16) have spacings and that preferably the heating resistor (10) with the support device (17) distributed over its length is directly fixed with respect to the support body (4).
20. Heater according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the holding members (28) of the support device (17) in the vicinity of the longitudinal portions (39) in spaced succeeding manner are pressed into the support body (4), which has a higher pressure elasticity than the holding member (28), that the holding members (28) of the supporting device (17) are spring-loaded to tilting positions transverse to the longitudinal direction of the heating resistor (10) or in said longitudinal direction are spring-loaded against the mating face (19) formed by an insulation (3) and that preferably the support device is inherently more rigid against bending loads transverse to the heating zone (20) than parallel to the latter, the support body (4) is resiliently elastic and cannot be sintered under all operating temperatures and/or the holding member (28) forms a mould for the substantially complete production of a depression closely adapted thereto, which is substantially bounded in one piece on at least one flank or on the depression bottom by the mating face (19).
21. Heater according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one longitudinal portion (38, 39) of the resistor glows at the operating temperature in the visible radiation range and forms a light line increasingly extending in the longitudinal direction of the longitudinal portion (38, 39) in a heating phase, that in particular at least one longitudinal portion (38, 39) glowing in the visible radiation range at the operating temperature passes in a heating phase from a punctiform illumination in its centre in opposite directions so as to light up in optionally curved linear form and that preferably at least one first longitudinal portion (38) glowing in the visible radiation range at the operating temperature at the start of power consumption lights up before at least one second longitudinal portion and/or that at least one first longitudinal portion (38) having a higher operating temperature at the operating power is connected to at least one second longitudinal portion (39) with a lower operating power, that in particular at least one longitudinal portion (39) having a lower operating temperature at operating power is connected to two longitudinal portions (38) with a higher operating temperature and that preferably along a continuous line (30) raster-like, succeeding first and second longitudinal portions (38, 39) in at least one of the operating states have raster-like, changing, different operating temperatures, operating brightnesses, etc. and in particular means are provided for reducing the current flow through the longitudinal section of at least one holding member (28) compared with the remaining cross-section of the heating resistor (10) forming a substantially planar extension and/or control means are provided through which in the heating phase at least one first longitudinal portion (38) lights up before a second longitudinal portion (39).
22. Heater according to one of the claims 2 to 21, characterized in that the distance of the support zone from the apex end (37) corresponds to a multiple of the material thickness (32) and the multiple includes any random integral multiplicator between 20 and 80, that in particular at least one of the support faces (43, 44) engages with its total surface extension in full-surface manner on the mating face (19) and that preferably the material thickness (32) is between a maximum of 0.1 mm and 20th to 50th part of the longitudinal extension (34) of the holding member (28) and/or that the support device (17) is substantially uniformly distributed over the heating zone (20) or the resistor and that in particular the mating face (19) positively secures in substantially all directions at least the support device (17) over most of its longitudinal extension and in substantially clearance-free manner against movements in substantially all directions parallel to the heating zone (20) and/or with respect to tilting movements.
23. Heater according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a temperature sensor (61) is provided substantially in an unheated area (60), that in particular the resistor (10) in a view of the heating plane forms a heating-free, narrow gap (60) parallel to the rod-like temperature sensor (61) and that preferably the temperature sensor (61) only extends over part of the width of the zone occupied by the resistor (10) and the support device (17) forming a heated area in the extension of the unheated area (60) and/or outside the temperature sensor (61).
24. Heater according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the holding members (28) are constructed in clip-like manner.
25. Heater according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the holding members (28) are constructed in two or multi-layer form and preferably adjacent layers engage on one another in large or whole-surface manner, optionally accompanied by the thickening of the cross-section or have a small mutual spacing approximately the same as the material thickness.
26. Method for adjusting the resistance value of a heater (1) according to one of the preceding claims, in which at least one longitudinal portion (38, 39) having between the ends resistance-active cross-sections of at least one elongated heating resistor (10) approaches a desired resistance value from an actual resistance value, characterized in that the actual resistance value of at least one longitudinal portion (38, 39) of the heating resistor (10) is determined, then compared with the desired resistance value and then is modified by varying the resistance-active cross-sections between the ends (16) and substantially without changing the length of the longitudinal portion and in particular the longitudinal portion is provided with openings (46), multilayer partial portions (55) and/or after adjustment is transformed by permanent deformation into at least one profiling (40, 50).

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