EP0576398B1 - Verfahren, Vorrichtung und Maschine zum Reinigen von einseitig offenen Behältnissen - Google Patents
Verfahren, Vorrichtung und Maschine zum Reinigen von einseitig offenen Behältnissen Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0576398B1 EP0576398B1 EP93810434A EP93810434A EP0576398B1 EP 0576398 B1 EP0576398 B1 EP 0576398B1 EP 93810434 A EP93810434 A EP 93810434A EP 93810434 A EP93810434 A EP 93810434A EP 0576398 B1 EP0576398 B1 EP 0576398B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- containers
- jet nozzle
- jet
- container
- cleaning
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B9/00—Cleaning hollow articles by methods or apparatus specially adapted thereto
- B08B9/08—Cleaning containers, e.g. tanks
- B08B9/20—Cleaning containers, e.g. tanks by using apparatus into or on to which containers, e.g. bottles, jars, cans are brought
- B08B9/28—Cleaning containers, e.g. tanks by using apparatus into or on to which containers, e.g. bottles, jars, cans are brought the apparatus cleaning by splash, spray, or jet application, with or without soaking
- B08B9/34—Arrangements of conduits or nozzles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B9/00—Cleaning hollow articles by methods or apparatus specially adapted thereto
- B08B9/08—Cleaning containers, e.g. tanks
- B08B9/093—Cleaning containers, e.g. tanks by the force of jets or sprays
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B2203/00—Details of cleaning machines or methods involving the use or presence of liquid or steam
- B08B2203/005—Details of cleaning machines or methods involving the use or presence of liquid or steam the liquid being ozonated
Definitions
- the present invention relates to one-sided cleaning open containers, especially for machine cleaning of bottles by spraying and / or blowing out with a Jet of a liquid or gaseous cleaning agent.
- Bottle spraying machines so-called rinsers
- They generally have one continuously running conveyor, which is from a feeder the bottles arriving in the upright position (opening at the top) takes over in a row, for example by pivoting 180 ° with the opening downwards, then through an ejection station and a draining station transported and finally again before handing over to a removal device swings into the upright position.
- a continuously running conveyor which is from a feeder the bottles arriving in the upright position (opening at the top) takes over in a row, for example by pivoting 180 ° with the opening downwards, then through an ejection station and a draining station transported and finally again before handing over to a removal device swings into the upright position.
- a removal device swings into the upright position.
- the bottles are made according to one of the known ejection processes guided over fixed jet nozzles with a fixed location, which arranged in a row along the path of movement of the bottles are.
- these jet nozzles are used during the passage the bottles are kept in continuous operation, i.e. from the Jet nozzles continuously flow cleaning fluid.
- the openings of the bottles moved past the blasting nozzles only during a relatively short phase of the funding movement aligned with a jet nozzle. On the one hand, therefore Duration of action of the liquid jet of each individual jet nozzle relatively short and the efficiency of this ejection process reduced accordingly.
- a solution with fixed jet nozzles is also known, in which the supply of the cleaning liquid through valves is controlled so that the jet nozzles only during a certain time interval are effective, within which a bottle with its opening aligned with a jet nozzle is.
- the jet nozzles are blocked between these active phases.
- the effort associated with valve control is relatively large, and the valves have a very limited because of their high switching frequency Lifespan and form an additional source of breakdowns.
- achievable hourly output in relation to the bottle throughput relatively small.
- a conveyor e.g. in the manner of a drag chain conveyor be provided since there is no need to bottle the Area of the ejection station in a defined mutual To promote distance.
- the funding institution is only required to that every bottle is the same at every point on the conveyor, has predetermined spatial orientation.
- every bottle is the same at every point on the conveyor, has predetermined spatial orientation.
- it's over Conveyor reasons appropriate if all bottles the conveyor leave with a uniform spatial orientation, to facilitate further transport.
- the bottles in the area of the ejection station face the desired location for an optimal cleaning effect to achieve.
- a drag chain conveyor can meet these conditions fulfill.
- the bottle spacing is easier Way by regulating the conveying speed in relation the speed at which the bottles are conveyed to the drag chain conveyor supplied, change and the respective requirements to adjust.
- the ejection station has a plurality of jet nozzles, which are circular on a turntable below a semicircular path section the conveyor are arranged, the turntable is coupled to the conveyor and synchronized with it circulates. Provided that this is ensured by a suitable control is that everyone is outside the semicircular path section, i.e. jet nozzles not currently in use blocked until they enter the ejection station are evident in such a cleaning device a higher degree of utilization in terms of consumption of cleaning fluid than with an arrangement with fixed Jet nozzles.
- a fundamental disadvantage of an ejection process with a rigid row of synchronously moving jet nozzles consists in that the bottles unite when transported through the ejection station must have a regular distance, which is with the mutual Distance of the jet nozzles corresponds.
- a funding facility with defined reception places for the bottles ahead, for example a chain conveyor, which Holders for the bottles to be cleaned at regular intervals having.
- These brackets are e.g. from a plate-shaped Pedestal and an annular support member, each Stand the bottle upright on a stand when you take it over comes and later, upside down, through the ring-shaped Support member is held.
- the known solution leads to an unfavorable use of space, by the at a deflection point of the conveyor located ejection station only over a semicircle Path of movement of the containers extends.
- the straightforward parts the conveyor track cannot be included in the ejection station.
- the ejection station is spatially at one Limited fraction of the total machine volume. An essential one Part of the machine volume is accounted for by the rather extensive one alone Conveyor claims apart from that for the drying station provided part of the same.
- the invention aims to avoid the cleaning process to improve the disadvantages described so that a cleaning device or - working according to this method on the one hand, the machine is easier and less expensive to set up can be the use of simpler funding for the Containers enabled and less complex and prone to failure Loading and unloading equipment required than the known one Cleaning system with circulating synchronously to the bottle transport Jet nozzles, i.e. in particular no format parts required, on the other hand a high efficiency and one compared to optimized consumption of detergent a cleaning system with fixed jet nozzles.
- the invention relates to a device for cleaning from one side open containers, according to the preamble of the claim 1.
- this device consists in that the jet nozzle is on a substantially along the trajectory of the container-guided path with respect to the movement the containers are arranged to be relatively movable and that of operable means are provided the containers, which the Jet nozzle inevitably on the opening of a container align.
- the movable jet nozzle can be either a fixed or a have a mobile location. In the latter case it moves the location of the jet nozzle preferably on one to a section the path of movement of the containers running parallel Web with a speed adapted to the conveying speed of the containers Speed.
- the means to be actuated by the containers preferably exist in that the movable jet nozzle is a driver has, which is movable between a rest position and an end position is and in this range of motion in the trajectory the container protrudes.
- the arrangement is expediently included so that the trajectory of the driver and those of the containers diverge, leaving the driver after a tracking phase, the movement path of the containers automatically leaves.
- the driver's web e.g. run along an arc, which is the path the containers touch or cut.
- the train of the driver can also be parallel to a straight or curved
- the path of movement of the containers runs if there are funds are provided to the driver at the end of the tracking phase an additional movement leading from the path of the containers To give.
- the driver can both before and also run after.
- a preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention is characterized in that the jet nozzle is free End of a one-armed lever is arranged, which under spring force remains in a rest position and each part a moving container moves against the spring force is, the jet nozzle as long as in the opening of the Container-facing position remains as the lever itself is in the area of influence of the container.
- a practical one Solution of this embodiment is e.g. in that the lever through a rigid, articulated tube for the feed of the cleaning agent to the jet nozzle is formed and that on Lever engages a spring that engages the lever against the rest position the same defining stop.
- the lever is provided with an elastically flexible, tube firmly anchored on one side for the supply of the cleaning agent formed to the jet nozzle, or by a strut, which consists of a hose for the supply of the detergent to the jet nozzle and a spring, the spring in the relaxed State determines the rest position of the lever.
- the cleaning agent jet guides the aligned jet nozzle a pivoting movement, which is so with respect to the container can run that the beam at the beginning of the active phase a wall part of the container and at the end of the active phase on the opposite wall part of the container meets.
- the arrangement can be made that the longitudinal axis of the jet nozzle in the rest position of the driver in one direction and in the end position of the driver in the other direction against the longitudinal axis of the opening of the pointed container around the nozzle Inlet or outlet angle is inclined.
- the Inlet and outlet angles are at least approximately the same large. In this way, one can be done without additional funds Achieve the effect of the detergent jet, which one comes close to a rotating jet nozzle according to DE-OS 33 01 525.
- the invention further relates to a machine for cleaning containers that are open on one side, especially bottles, by spraying and / or blowing out with a jet of a liquid or gaseous cleaning agent, with a conveyor the containers in a row by the effective area a cleaning unit transported and where the cleaning unit along a section of the movement path the containers have a number of jet nozzles, thereby characterized that the individual jet nozzles are independent are movable from each other and that of the transported Actuated containers are provided, which the jet nozzles inevitably in phases on the openings of the Align containers.
- the cleaning unit of this machine is preferably with a Number of devices according to the invention described above equipped.
- the advantage of a machine according to the invention which with a Series of jet nozzles is equipped with a fixed location especially in that the arrangement of the jet nozzles is not tied to a certain rhythm of movement of the containers and therefore a simpler conveyor is used can come as with the known machines, which are synchronous jet nozzles moved with the conveying device of the containers exhibit.
- the conveyor can be a drag chain conveyor, at which the transported containers are only conditionally regular Have a distance from each other, the degree of any deviations of a medium distance, especially due to the Choice of suitable grippers on the drag chain conveyor can be influenced is.
- the goal aimed at with such a cleaning machine generally consists, on the one hand, of high conveying speed closely sequential containers one as possible to achieve a high flow rate of the containers to be cleaned and on the other hand the space occupied by the cleaning unit to keep as low as possible.
- the flow rate is essential determined by the work cycle of each individual jet nozzle, how is apparent from the description of the device according to the invention.
- the size of the cleaning unit can be independent of this reduce it to a minimum along the conveyor track, that the jet nozzles immediately at regular intervals are arranged in a row, with the work areas adjacent jet nozzles, if necessary, only by one small safety distance are separated from each other.
- each container arrives directly from the working area of a jet nozzle in the working area of the next jet nozzle, so that the container is almost continuously from a jet of detergent is applied.
- the mutual distance between the jet nozzles can even be smaller be than the mean distance of the transported containers, which is the cheapest for the operation of each individual jet nozzle is.
- the length of the cleaning unit and therefore that the entire machine can be further reduced as a result.
- the locations of the jet nozzles are on one movable carrier, the speed of the conveying speed the containers are customizable, with the jet nozzles and the containers that are aligned with them have the same distance.
- the movable jet nozzles work independently the rhythm of movement of the containers, i.e. it is not required a container and a jet nozzle with her Meet in a defined position to each other. Relevant positional deviations are caused by the mobility the jet nozzle balanced. It may be be expedient, the sequence of jet nozzles compared to the sequence to operate containers with a slight phase shift, in such a way that when a container meets with a jet nozzle lags the latter a bit so also a container lagging behind the synchronous operation the means for aligning the jet nozzle are properly recorded and not lag behind them.
- the invention relates to a method for cleaning of unilaterally open containers, especially bottles, under Use of said device, by spraying and / or blowing out with a jet of a liquid or gaseous cleaning agent, the containers with a uniform spatial orientation in one Move the row evenly and one each the detergent leading jet nozzle in phases on the opening of a container is aligned, and the invention is that along a certain movement section of the container the jet nozzle inevitably tracks the opening of the same becomes.
- the advantage associated with the invention is a movable one Jet nozzle with a fixed location in a time extension the action phase of the jet nozzle and thus in one higher degree of utilization of the cleaning agent. Practically leaves compared to a rigid jet nozzle, an increase in the degree of utilization reach up to five times. Because of the precise Alignment of the jet nozzle to the opening of the container is also to achieve a higher efficiency in the cleaning effect.
- the method according to the invention also brings advantages Jet nozzles, which are synchronized with the container to be cleaned circulate.
- the additional tracking movement serves in this case to compensate for any deviations in terms of location of the containers in relation to the respective location of the Jet nozzle.
- the jet nozzle is expediently connected to the Tracking phase returned to a standby position which initiates the tracking phase for a subsequent container becomes. This measure can be applied to both fixed and if the jet nozzle is in a movable location.
- the movable jet nozzle can also be used when the location is fixed work in continuous operation, i.e. an interruption in the detergent supply between two tracking phases can be omitted, provided the time interval between successive Tracking phases of this jet nozzle are kept as small as possible and the return of the jet nozzle at a speed takes place, which is higher, in particular several times higher is than the tracking speed.
- This allows the unavoidable consumption of unused cleaning agent keep within narrow limits; anyway is on this Achieved a higher degree of utilization than in the case an arrangement with a fixed jet nozzle.
- Control means i.e. Valves to be replaced and replaced frequently Switch off the jet nozzle.
- the jet nozzle is swiveled during the tracking movement, so that the jet of cleaning agent emerging from the jet nozzle at the beginning of the active phase on a side wall part of the container, then the bottom of the Container and at the end of the active phase on the opposite wall part of the container meets.
- the cleaning effect of the jet is increased because the Wall of the container through the diagonally incident and from Floor to wall the same reflected beam more effectively is applied.
- FIG. 1 shows a uniformly moving bottle 10 with bottom-facing opening in conjunction with a movable Device 11 for spraying the bottle 10 in different phases of movement (1) to (7).
- the direction of travel of the bottle 10 is indicated by the arrow 12.
- the device 11 has one at the pivot point 13 pivotally mounted lever 14, which is designed as a tube for the supply of the cleaning liquid, the pipe end at the free end of the lever 14 a jet nozzle 15 forms, from which the cleaning liquid in a jet Flows out in the direction of arrow 16.
- a driver 17 is provided, with which the opening the bottle 10 limiting bottle head 18 cooperates.
- a spring 19 which the lever 14 in its Starting position at a stop 20 holds.
- the bottle 10 approaches the device 11.
- the lever 14 is at the stop 20, and the direction 16 of the spray jet still passes the bottle 10.
- the jet nozzle 15 comes before the opening of the Bottle 10 to lie.
- the bottle head 18 grips the bottle 10 the driver 17 of the device 11 and then pivots the lever 14 continuously counter clockwise against the force of the spring 19 around pivot point 13 until the movement phase is reached (5).
- From the movement phase (2) to the movement phase (5) is on in this way the jet nozzle 15 at the free end of the lever 14 Opened the opening of the bottle 10. Meanwhile, the bottle 10 sprayed out by the spray jet, with the jet direction 16 changes continuously.
- the bottle head 18 slides over the driver 17 away, so that the jet nozzle 15 remains the same Position of the lever 14 moved away from the opening of the bottle 10.
- the lever 14 snaps under the action of the tensioned spring 19 back to the stop 20, like the movement phase (7) shows.
- the device 11 is thus again in the initial state and is ready to be operated again by the next one bottle 21 to come.
- the cleaning liquid can either over the device 11 the joint at the pivot point 13 or by means of a movable connecting line, which is connected laterally to the tube forming the lever 14 is fed.
- the lever carrying the jet nozzle 31 and the driver 32 is formed by a kind of shock absorber, which consists of a Hose 33 for the supply of the cleaning liquid to the jet nozzle 31 and a coil spring 34 surrounding the hose 33, the coil spring 34 in the relaxed state, the starting position the device 30 determines.
- the hose 33 and the Coil spring 34 are stationary at their lower end Connection member 35 firmly anchored to a fixed connecting line for supplying the cleaning liquid to the device 30 can be connected.
- the coil spring 34 could also a leaf spring connected to the hose 33 may be provided.
- a mutual adjustment of the time is recommended Sequence with which the containers on the jet nozzle be moved past, and the work cycle of the device. This affects the conveying speed on the one hand and the mutual Distance of the containers and on the other hand the range of movement and the return speed of the movable jet nozzle.
- the relevant relationships are shown in FIG. 3 using the example of a device 11 according to FIG. 1, and that shows 3 each two bottles 40 and 41, which according to the variants A, B and C with different spacing a, b and c respectively the device 11 are passed.
- an operating mode according to variant A should be aimed at, in which the bottle 41 the driver 17 of the jet nozzle in the Time recorded when the driver 17 after a previous one Follow-up phase, i.e. after leaving the previous one Bottle 40 (solid line), its return phase has just ended, i.e. has reached its rest position (position shown in dashed lines).
- the bottles 40, 41 have a certain following distance a, which is given is through the path s between the rest position and the end position of the Driver 17, which way the bottle 40 and the jet nozzle together with the conveying speed, increased by one Additional distance z, which moved with the conveying speed Bottle 41 covered in a period which the driver 17, in turn, needed to run at the return speed to return from its end position to the rest position. From this relationship it also results that the maximum allowable conveying speed of the bottles essentially solely from the attainable Return speed of the jet nozzle depends.
- bottles 40, 41 follow one another more closely (Subsequent distance b ⁇ a), the bottle 41 detects the driver 17 the jet nozzle and thus initiates a tracking phase before the Driver 17 in the following a previous tracking phase Return phase has reached its rest position.
- the driver 17 halfway s / 2 of the return phase intercepted.
- bottles 40, 41 are located according to the variant C further apart than in the ideal case (subsequent distance c> a), then between the individual tracking phases of the jet nozzle a longer pause, during which the bottle 41 the dead path e covered up to the driver 17 in the rest position. During this break, cleaning liquid is used uselessly.
- FIGs. 4 to 6 A practical embodiment of the device according to the invention is shown in Figs. 4 to 6.
- the head 51 with the opening 52 of a bottle 50, which is moved uniformly in the direction of arrow 53 and it runs through positions I to V.
- the device generally designated 54, comprises a pivotable device Tube 55, at the free end of which a jet nozzle 56 is seated.
- a driver 57 is mounted on the pipe 55, which a mounting leg 58 and one of these after Has angled driving leg 59 above.
- On the driving leg 59 adjoin two side wings 60, which around for example, 45 ° are angled toward the jet nozzle 56.
- the tube 55 is seated at its other end in a holder 62 and is by a knee 63 screwed into the holder 62 therein fixed.
- a knee 63 screwed into the holder 62 therein fixed.
- Hose 65 connected through which the cleaning liquid the device 54 is supplied.
- Mounting bracket 66 which is reinforced with a web 67.
- a cranked leaf spring 68 is at one end on the mounting bracket 66 of holder 62 riveted and with her other End attached to a hub 69 with a screw 70.
- the hub 69 is at a fixed location of the device 54 determining axis 71 rotatably mounted, which is part of a Bearing head 72 forms and consists of one piece with this.
- a Bearing head 72 is with three screws 73 on a mounting rail 74 attached with an angular cross section.
- Two spacers 75 hold the hub 69 with axial play between the mounting rail 74 and an end plate 76, the latter with a Nut 77 at the end of the threaded end 78 Axis 71 is secured.
- For the pivot bearing of the device 54 on axis 71 is lubrication with one supplied from the outside Lubricant provided.
- a lubricant line 79 connected via which the lubricant is periodically supplied, for example.
- the lubricant line 79 opens into an axial channel 80, from which a radial bore 81 to the cylindrical bearing surface 82 leads.
- the pivotable device 54 is by a tension spring 83, which on the one hand on the web 67 of the holder 62 and on the other hand on one the mounting rail 74 fixed attachment 84 is anchored in kept in a rest position. This rest position is confirmed by a stop 85 determined against which the device 54 by the tension spring 83rd is pulled.
- This stop is on one with the mounting rail 74 welded support plate 86 mounted and consists of a cylindrical Holder 87 with external thread, which with two nuts 88 fixed to the support plate 86 in an axially selectable position and a padded bump stop 89.
- FIG. 4 shows the device 54 in three pivot positions: In the rest position "a” (solid lines), in a middle position “b” and in the end position “c” (dash-dotted lines).
- the entry angle and the exit angle are preferably approximately the same size and are in the present case Example 15 ° each.
- FIGS. 7 and 8 schematically show a machine 100 for cleaning of bottles 101 by spraying them with a cleaning liquid.
- the machine shown contains a cleaning unit 102 with a plurality of devices 103 with independent jet nozzles movable from one another as described in FIGS. 4 to 6 Art. These devices 103 have a fixed location and are on a mounting rail at regular intervals 104 attached (Fig. 7). The supply of the cleaning liquid too the devices 103 take place via a connection line 105 and a common distribution line 106.
- the machine 100 includes one known conveyor in the form of a drag chain conveyor 107, which the bottles 101 in a row through the effective area of the cleaning unit 102 transported.
- the drag chain conveyor 107 has two revolving conveyor chains 108, which is parallel along the conveyor track at a distance move in the same direction from each other in the direction of arrow 109.
- the conveyor track of the drag chain conveyor 107 runs in the form of a vertical loop from inlet end 110 in an arc section 111 upward, then along a straight section 112 in a direction opposite to the direction of entry and finally in an arc section 113 down to the outlet end 114 (Fig. 7).
- the drive and guide means for the chains 108 are not shown; the running direction of the chains 108 is marked in Fig. 8 by small arrows.
- On the conveyor chains 108 drivers 115 arranged in rows are fastened.
- the two conveyor chains 108 contain the bottles 101 receiving conveyor channel, which through the two rows of each mutually facing driver 115 is limited laterally.
- other funding agencies join e.g. Belt conveyors 116 and 117 for feeding and removing the bottles 101 in the direction indicated by arrows 118 and 119.
- the arc sections 111 and 113 of the conveyor track of the drag chain conveyor 107 are laterally offset from one another according to FIG. 8, so that the linear path section 112 thereof runs obliquely. This allows the belt conveyors 116 and 117 to be rectilinear Web on the inlet end 110 or on the outlet end 114 Align the drag chain conveyor 107.
- the Bottles 101 from the belt conveyor 116 to the drag chain conveyor 107 and of this on the belt conveyor 117 are not special Funds required, i.e. that no need for format parts of any Type exists.
- the bottles 101 to be cleaned arrive on the belt conveyor 116 upright in close order to the inlet end 110 of the Drag chain conveyor 107 and are taken over by this.
- the conveying speed of the drag chain conveyor 107 is somewhat higher than that of the belt conveyor 116, so that of the drag chain conveyor 107 detected bottles 101 a certain distance from each other.
- the bottles 101 with the bottle head down along the Cleaning unit 102 moves, with each bottle in succession all devices 103 operated so that the respective Jet nozzles inevitably track the bottles while doing so are aligned in phases to the bottle openings to the Spray jet onto the bottle interior during these tracking phases to take effect.
- the cleaning unit extends 102 over part of the length of the straight line section 112 of the drag chain conveyor 107.
- the draining of the sprayed bottles are also carried out on a track section of the drag chain conveyor along which the bottles are upside down be promoted.
- either the cleaning unit 102 subsequent part of the track section 112 used or the conveyor track of the drag chain conveyor can have a second loop, parallel to that behind Fig. 7.
- the cleaning unit 102 can also be shorter and / or into the arc section 111 to be longitudinal of straight line section 112 still enough space for one Keep draining and drying station free.
- the entire conveyor track of the drag chain conveyor Spray out and / or blow out, as well as for draining and drying of the bottles can be provided, especially for draining a path section is to be chosen on which the bottles are conveyed upside down will.
- FIG. 9 schematically shows a section of the cleaning unit 102 with those regularly arranged in a row according to FIG. 7 Devices 103 and those in a row on the devices 103 bottles 101 moved past.
- the bottles 101 have one mean mutual distance m, and the locations 120 of the devices 103 have a mutual distance n, which is even is only so large that the moving parts are closer together Devices 103 can not hinder each other.
- Critical in this relationship are the circled movement phases, i.e. at the Transfer of a bottle 101 from one device 103 to the next.
- the distance n of the devices 103 may even be smaller than that Bottle distance m.
- the machine 130 shown schematically in FIG. 10 for cleaning of bottles is related to the conveyor for the bottles constructed the same as that of FIGS. 7 and 8. Same Parts are given the same reference numerals in FIG. 10 as in FIG Fig. 7.
- the machine has 130 two cleaning units 131 and 132 under same design, with each cleaning unit a plurality of devices 133 with movable jet nozzles, which basically according to the embodiment shown in Fig. 2 are trained.
- these devices 133 have this Case not a fixed location, but are on a rotating one Carrier 134.
- each device 133 forming connector 135 is with a Holder 136 connected, which on two self-contained Slide rails 137 are longitudinally movable and partially arranged around them is.
- the holder 136 is with a link of a drive chain 138 connected, which led over two deflection wheels 139 and 140 is.
- the drive chain 138 following the course of the same Slide rails 137 and the holder 136 together form the circumferential Carrier 134.
- the cleaning unit 131 is below the straight section 112 of the drag chain conveyor 107 arranged so that the path of movement 146 provided on the devices 133 Driver 147 along the straight upper path section 148 in the trajectory of the bottle head 149 that with the drag chain conveyor 107 conveyed, inverted bottles 101 protrudes.
- the mutual Distance of devices 133 corresponds to the middle Distance of the bottles 101 transported, and the speed of the rotating carrier 134 of devices 133 is e.g. like that the conveying speed of the drag chain conveyor 107 is adjusted, that the jet nozzle 150 on each bottle 101 Device 133 comes into effect.
- the driver In a device with a swiveling jet nozzle, which according to the previously illustrated embodiments a fixed location has, the driver always inevitably comes to the leading one Side of the bottle head to the stop.
- the arrangement is optional for swivel nozzles with a movable location be taken so that the driver is either at the leading or on the trailing side of the bottle head for Stop comes.
- the speed of the revolving Carrier 134 slightly smaller in the first case and in the second Case chosen slightly larger than that of the drag chain conveyor 107 to ensure, on the one hand, that everyone is active Jet nozzles inevitably the bottles located in their area be tracked.
- the cleaning unit is 131 equipped with trailing drivers 147.
- the jet nozzles 150 are supplied with cleaning agent by a distributor wheel 155 with a ring-shaped arrangement on the circumference thereof Connections 156 for flexible lines 157, which to lead the connection organs 135 of the individual jet nozzles 150.
- a distributor wheel 155 with a ring-shaped arrangement on the circumference thereof Connections 156 for flexible lines 157, which to lead the connection organs 135 of the individual jet nozzles 150.
- Wheel body 158 of distributor wheel 155 is rotatable on an axis 159 stored, which in turn on a fixed mounting rail 160 is attached.
- the wheel body 158 has radial channels 161, that start from the bearing bore 162 and to the individual peripheral Lead connections 156.
- Axis 159 has an axial one Cavity 163, to which a fixed supply line 164 is connected is.
- the axis 159 has one with the cavity 163 connected ring segment-shaped circumferential groove 165, which the inner mouths of a certain number of radial channels 161 spreads. This will cause the supply of detergent to the each in the follow-up phase, in Fig. 11 with a Arrow 166 marked jet nozzles 150 limited.
- the wheel body 158 is fixed with a gear 167 connected via a drive chain 168 from another drive wheel 169 of the drive motor 145 is driven.
- a prerequisite for the correct operation of the described Cleaning aggregate is an exact match of the turnaround times of the rotating carrier 134 and the distributor wheel 155. This is based on a suitable choice of gear ratios the drives for the rotating carrier 134 and for the distributor wheel 155 reachable. By complying with the aforementioned condition it is ensured that the average distance between the connections 156 on the distributor wheel 155 from the connection members 135 of the devices 133 remains constant and between a certain largest and a certain smallest distance varies.
- Guide means are expedient for the flexible lines 157 provided which prevent these lines from getting tangled.
- These guide means can e.g. consist in that according to 11 and 12 between those on the rotating carrier 134 Devices 133 and the distributor wheel 155 two parallel Bars 170 are arranged which extend in the longitudinal direction of the Extend cleaning unit 131, and that on the wheel body 158 with Spokes 171 a ring 172 is attached.
- the diameter of ring 172 is several times larger than the mutual distance of the two rods 170.
- This will make the flexible lines 157 as soon as they approach the distributor wheel 155, each from a rod 170 deflected inwards and outwards from ring 172, so that they cannot interfere with each other.
- straight-line sections can also run all the way round Straps or the like. This allows the Operation occurring friction between the flexible lines 157 and significantly reduce management resources.
- the drivers 147 have one on their movement path 146 much higher speed than on the straight line sections 148 of them. It may therefore be appropriate under certain circumstances be the meeting of a driver 147 with the person concerned Bottle head 149 to delay until the consecutive have almost the same speed for moving parts, so that the driver gently touches the bottle head.
- Means are particularly suitable which the driver 147 at least in the entry area on a circular path reduced radius force, which is due to the flexibility of the devices 133 is made possible.
- a guide bar can be provided, which the driver 147 radially until reaching the straight path section 148 distracts inside.
- the Driver 147 is to be provided with length-stable pull cords, which on the circumferential carrier 134 at a certain distance from the base point of the devices 133 are anchored. On the circular arc Track section these pull cords reduce the otherwise existing Distance between the respective driver and that assigned to it Anchoring point on the circumferential beam 134 by the Driver 147 along the curved path sections, again under Deflection of the device 133 to be pulled radially inwards.
- the cleaning unit 131 is upside down compared to a number Bottles 101 arranged as for wet bottle cleaning is common. On the other hand, there is the other cleaning unit 132 above a row of upright bottles 101.
- This arrangement can be used for dry cleaning, in particular for Blow-out of the bottles can be selected, e.g. for sterilizing the bottles by blowing out with steam or ozone. Furthermore, this Arrangement serve in the bottles just before filling them, create a carbon dioxide atmosphere.
- the cleaning units 131 and 312 are arranged so that the nozzle chains each revolve in a vertical plane.
- the arrangement can also be such that instead, the nozzle chains revolve in a horizontal plane.
- Means can also be present which make it possible to use the cleaning units through vertical and, if necessary, horizontal Adjust displacement to the different bottle sizes.
- each cleaning unit with a tracking control be equipped with control means, which sensors for detection of the relevant sizes and incremental encoders, and using a stepper motor as the drive motor of the Cleaning unit.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Cleaning In General (AREA)
- Filling Of Jars Or Cans And Processes For Cleaning And Sealing Jars (AREA)
- Supplying Of Containers To The Packaging Station (AREA)
- Housing For Livestock And Birds (AREA)
Description
- Fig. 1
- eine schematische Darstellung verschiedener Bewegungsphasen (1) bis (7) einer an einem starren Schwenkhebel angebrachten Strahldüse;
- Fig. 2
- eine schematische Darstellung verschiedener Bewegungsphasen 1 bis 7 einer an einem biegsamen Hebel angebrachten Strahldüse;
- Fig. 3
- schematische Darstellungen A bis C zur Erläuterung der Beziehung zwischen dem Abstand der geförderten Flaschen und dem Arbeitsweg der Strahldüse;
- Fig. 4
- eine Frontansicht einer praktischen Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemässen Vorrichtung, teilweise im Schnitt;
- Fig. 5
- eine Seitenansicht der Vorrichtung nach Fig. 5, teilweise im Schnitt;
- Fig. 6
- eine Ansicht des Mitnehmers der Vorrichtung nach den Fig. 5 und 6 von oben;
- Fig. 7 und 8
- eine schematische Seitenansicht und eine Draufsicht einer Maschine zum Reinigen von Glasflaschen, mit Vorrichtungen nach den Fig. 4 bis 6;
- Fig. 9
- eine schematische Darstellung zur Erläuterung der Beziehung zwischen dem Abstand der geförderten Flaschen und dem gegenseitigen Abstand jeweils benachbarter Strahldüsen einer Vielzahl von in einer Reihe regelmässig angeordneter Strahldüsen;
- Fig. 10
- eine schematische Seitenansicht einer Maschine zum Reinigen von Glasflaschen, ähnlich derjenigen nach Fig. 7, aber mit zwei Reinigungsaggregaten, bei welchen jeweils mehrere Strahldüsen auf einem beweglichen Träger angeordnet sind;
- Fig. 11
- eine vergrösserte Ansicht eines der in Fig. 10 dargestellten Reinigungsaggregate; und
- Fig. 12
- einen Querschnitt nach der Linie XII-XII in Fig. 11.
Claims (24)
- Vorrichtung zum Reinigen von einseitig offenen Behältnissen, die sich mit einheitlicher räumlicher Orientierung in einer Reihe gleichförmig bewegen, mit einer das Reinigungsmittel führenden Strahldüse, welche auf einer im wesentlichen längs der Bewegungsbahn der Behältnisse geführten Bahn bezüglich der Bewegung der Behältnisse relativ beweglich angeordnet ist, und Mitteln, welche die Strahldüse phasenweise auf die Öffnung eines Behältnisses ausrichten, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass von den Behältnissen betätigbare Mittel (17; 32; 57) vorgesehen sind, welche die Strahldüse zwangsläufig auf die Öffnung jeweils eines Behältnisses ausrichten.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Strahldüse (15; 31; 56) einen festen Standort hat.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Strahldüse (15; 31; 56) einen beweglichen Standort hat, welcher auf einer zu einem Abschnitt der Bewegungsbahn der Behältnisse (10; 50; 101) parallel verlaufenden Bahn mit einer der Fördergeschwindigkeit der Behältnisse anpassbaren Geschwindigkeit bewegbar ist.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die bewegliche Strahldüse (15; 31; 56) einen Mitnehmer (17; 32; 57) aufweist, welcher zwischen einer Ruhelage und einer Endlage beweglich ist und in diesem Bewegungsbereich in die Bewegungsbahn der Behältnisse (10; 50; 101) ragt.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Bewegungsbahn des Mitnehmers (17; 32; 57) und diejenige der Behältnisse (10; 50; 101) divergieren.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Strahldüse (15; 31; 56) am freien Ende eines einarmigen Hebels (14; 55) angeordnet ist, welcher unter Federkraft in einer Ruhelage verharrt und jeweils von einem Teil (18; 51) eines bewegten Behältnisses (10; 50) entgegen der Federkraft mitnehmbar ist, wobei die Strahldüse solange in einer auf die Öffnung des Behältnisses gerichteten Stellung verbleibt, als der Hebelarm sich im Einflussbereich des Behältnisses befindet.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Hebel durch ein starres, gelenkig gelagertes Rohr (14; 55) für die Zufuhr des Reinigungsmittels zur Strahldüse (15; 56) gebildet ist und dass am Hebel eine Feder (19; 83) angreift, welche den Hebel gegen einen die Ruhelage desselben bestimmenden Anschlag (20; 85) drängt.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Hebel durch ein elastisch biegsames, einseitig fest verankertes Rohr für die Zufuhr des Reinigungsmittels zur Strahldüse gebildet ist.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Hebel durch ein Federbein gebildet ist, welches aus einem Schlauch (33) für die Zufuhr des Reinigungsmittels zur Strahldüse (31) und einer Feder (34) besteht, wobei die Feder im entspannten Zustand die Ruhelage des Hebels bestimmt.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Schlauch (33) mindestens auf einem Teil seiner Länge von einer Schraubenfeder (34) umgeben ist.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Schlauch mit einer Blattfeder verbunden ist.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 4 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Längsachse (90) der Strahldüse (56) in der Ruhelage des Mitnehmers (57) nach der einen Richtung und in der Endlage des Mitnehmers nach der anderen Richtung gegen die Längsachse (91) der Öffnung (52) des an die Strahldüse (56) herangeführten Behältnisses (50) um einen spitzen Einlauf- bzw. Auslaufwinkel geneigt ist.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Einlauf- und der Auslaufwinkel wenigstens annähernd gleich gross sind.
- Maschine zum Reinigen von einseitig offenen Behältnissen, insbesondere Flaschen (101), durch Ausspritzen und/oder Ausblasen mit einem Strahl eines flüssigen bzw. gasförmigen Reinigungsmittels, wobei eine Fördereinrichtung die Behältnisse in einer Reihe durch den Wirkungsbereich eines Reinigungsaggregats (102) transportiert und wobei das Reinigungsaggregat entlang eines Abschnitts (112) der Bewegungsbahn der Behältnisse (101) eine Reihe von Strahldüsen (56) aufweist, sowie Mittel, welche die Strahldüsen phasenweise auf die Öffnungen der Behältnisse ausrichten, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die einzelnen Strahldüsen (56) unabhängig voneinander beweglich gelagert sind und dass von den transportierten Behältnissen betätigbare Mittel (57) vorgesehen sind, welche die Strahldüsen phasenweise zwangsläufig auf die Öffnungen der Behältnisse (101) ausrichten.
- Maschine nach Anspruch 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Reinigungsaggregat (102) mit Vorrichtungen (103) gemäss einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 13 ausgerüstet ist.
- Maschine nach einem der Ansprüche 14 und 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Strahldüsen feste Standorte (120) haben, welche in regelmässigen Abständen (n) angeordnet sind.
- Maschine nach einem der Ansprüche 14 und 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sich die Standorte der Strahldüsen auf einem beweglichen Träger befinden, dessen Geschwindigkeit der Fördergeschwindigkeit der Behältnisse anpassbar ist.
- Maschine nach Anspruch 17, bei der die zu reinigenden Behältnisse längs ihrer Bewegungsbahn einen bedingt regelmässigen Abstand voneinander haben, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der gegenseitige Abstand der Strahldüsenstandorte den Mittelwert der variablen Abstände der Behältnisse wenigstens annähernd gleich ist.
- Maschine nach einem der Ansprüche 17 und 18, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Folge von Strahldüsen gegenüber der Folge von Behältnissen derart phasenverschoben ist, dass die Mittel zum Ausrichten der Strahldüsen auch von bezüglich eines Synchronlaufs nacheilenden Behältnissen erfasst werden.
- Maschine nach einem der Ansprüche 14 bis 19, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Fördereinrichtung ein Schleppkettenförderer (107) ist.
- Verfahren zum Reinigen von einseitig offenen Behältnissen, insbesondere Flaschen, unter Verwendung der Vorrichtung gemäss einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 13, durch Ausspritzen und/oder Ausblasen mit einem Strahl eines flüssigen bzw. gasförmigen Reinigungsmittels, wobei die Behältnisse sich mit einheitlicher räumlicher Orientierung in einer Reihe gleichförmig bewegen und jeweils eine das Reinigungsmittel führende Strahldüse phasenweise auf die Öffnung eines Behältnisses ausgerichtet ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Strahldüse (15; 31; 56) entlang eines bestimmten Bewegungsabschnittes des Behältnisses (10; 50; 101), unabhängig vom gegenseitigen Abstand der aufeinanderfolgenden Behältnisse, von jedem Behältnis der Öffnung (52) desselben zwangsläufig nachgeführt wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 21, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Strahldüse (15; 31; 56) im Anschluss an die Nachführphase in eine Bereitschaftsstellung zurückgeführt wird, aus welcher die Nachführphase für ein nachfolgendes Behältnis (10; 50; 101) eingeleitet wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 22, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Rückführung der Strahldüse (15; 31; 56) mit einer Geschwindigkeit erfolgt, welche höher, insbesondere um ein Mehrfaches höher ist als die Nachführgeschwindigkeit.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 21 bis 23, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Strahldüse (15; 31; 56) während der Nachführbewegung verschwenkt wird, so dass der aus der Strahldüse (15; 31; 56) austretende Reinigungsmittelstrahl zu Beginn der Wirkungsphase auf einen Wandungsteil des Behältnisses (10; 50; 101) trifft, anschliessend den Boden des Behältnisses überstreicht und am Ende der Wirkungsphase auf den gegenüberliegenden Wandungsteil des Behältnisses trifft.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE4220568 | 1992-06-24 | ||
DE4220568 | 1992-06-24 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0576398A1 EP0576398A1 (de) | 1993-12-29 |
EP0576398B1 true EP0576398B1 (de) | 1998-05-13 |
Family
ID=6461649
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP93810434A Expired - Lifetime EP0576398B1 (de) | 1992-06-24 | 1993-06-17 | Verfahren, Vorrichtung und Maschine zum Reinigen von einseitig offenen Behältnissen |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5363866A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0576398B1 (de) |
KR (2) | KR940000008A (de) |
AT (1) | ATE166007T1 (de) |
CA (1) | CA2098935C (de) |
DE (1) | DE59308527D1 (de) |
Cited By (1)
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CN103084365A (zh) * | 2013-02-25 | 2013-05-08 | 江苏金都食品有限公司 | 一种设置定位装置的纯净水灌装清洗装置 |
Families Citing this family (18)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6009889A (en) * | 1998-12-28 | 2000-01-04 | Portola Packaging, Inc. | Method of holding down bottles in a high pressure wash |
DE10010215A1 (de) * | 2000-03-02 | 2001-09-06 | Khs Masch & Anlagenbau Ag | Vorrichtung zur Überkopf-Behandlung von Flaschen oder dergleichen Behältern |
HRP20020713A2 (en) | 2001-09-06 | 2003-06-30 | Vt Zurich Marketing Pte Ltd | Conveyor for containers provided with lateral aperture designed for transport |
KR20040000125A (ko) * | 2002-06-24 | 2004-01-03 | 권영태 | 공병 재생장치 및 재생방법 |
KR100443797B1 (ko) * | 2002-09-28 | 2004-08-11 | 전철수 | 재활용공병세척시스템 |
US9168569B2 (en) | 2007-10-22 | 2015-10-27 | Stokely-Van Camp, Inc. | Container rinsing system and method |
US8147616B2 (en) * | 2007-10-22 | 2012-04-03 | Stokely-Van Camp, Inc. | Container rinsing system and method |
DE102009031435A1 (de) * | 2009-07-01 | 2011-01-05 | Khs Gmbh | Sauggreifer für PET-Flaschen |
DE102009039585A1 (de) * | 2009-09-01 | 2011-03-17 | Krones Ag | Spritzvorrichtung |
DE102012106983A1 (de) | 2011-08-04 | 2013-02-07 | t.neubert GmbH | Modulares Reinigungs- und/oder Spülsystem für Innenräume von Werkstücken und Verfahren zur Durchführung der Reinigung und/oder des Spülens |
CN102284459B (zh) * | 2011-08-19 | 2013-10-23 | 贵州科伦药业有限公司 | 药瓶自动定位冲洗装置 |
DE112012006544T5 (de) * | 2012-06-18 | 2015-03-05 | Volvo Construction Equipment Ab | Führerhausschutzvorrichtung für eine Baumaschine |
DE102016123142A1 (de) * | 2016-11-30 | 2018-05-30 | Sig Technology Ag | Verfahren und Füllmaschine zum Füllen von einseitig offenen Packungen über einen länglichen Düsenschlitz |
DE102017117523B3 (de) * | 2017-08-02 | 2018-12-20 | Vorwerk & Co. Interholding Gmbh | Reinigungsgerät mit motorisch angetriebener Schwingplatte sowie Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Reinigungsgerätes |
CN108423629A (zh) * | 2018-06-07 | 2018-08-21 | 江苏金荣机械有限公司 | 冲瓶机中的冲瓶装置 |
CN110014010B (zh) * | 2019-04-01 | 2021-07-30 | 河南科技大学 | 一种用于植物组织培养瓶的洗瓶装置 |
CN113385506A (zh) * | 2021-07-30 | 2021-09-14 | 安徽省金裕皖酒业有限公司 | 一种白酒加工用酒瓶清洗装置及其清洗方法 |
CN114367508B (zh) * | 2021-12-03 | 2023-08-08 | 武陟县虹桥碳素有限责任公司 | 一种圆台形状石墨坩埚用内壁除杂装置 |
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US1669492A (en) * | 1923-08-03 | 1928-05-15 | Mckenna Brass & Mfg Co Inc | Bottle washer |
US1910958A (en) * | 1928-09-29 | 1933-05-23 | Meyer Geo J Mfg Co | Prerinsing device |
US2004410A (en) * | 1931-03-09 | 1935-06-11 | Pako Corp | Apparatus for handling articles through treating liquids |
US1904685A (en) * | 1932-01-06 | 1933-04-18 | Liquid Carbonic Corp | Bottle rinsing mechanism |
US2364971A (en) * | 1941-01-08 | 1944-12-12 | Lathrop Paulson Co | Can treating apparatus |
US2418003A (en) * | 1943-06-04 | 1947-03-25 | Universal Oil Prod Co | Catalytic conversion of fluid reactants |
US2980938A (en) * | 1956-05-17 | 1961-04-25 | Pneumatic Scale Corp | Container cleaning machine |
DE1532522A1 (de) * | 1966-10-20 | 1970-08-06 | Enzinger Union Werke Ag | Reinigungsmaschine mit taktmaessig in das Innere der in den Zellen der Flaschenkoerbe mit der Muendung nach unten haengenden Flaschen einfuehrbaren,stabfoermigen Elementen |
US3563256A (en) * | 1969-02-03 | 1971-02-16 | Barry Wehmiller Co | Container rinsing and treating apparatus |
DE2607077C2 (de) * | 1976-02-21 | 1986-11-20 | Holstein Und Kappert Gmbh, 4600 Dortmund | Spritzvorrichtung für Flaschenreinigungsmaschinen |
DE3925725C2 (de) * | 1989-08-03 | 1996-04-11 | Ortmann & Herbst Masch Gmbh | Düsenanordnung zur Innenspritzung von Flaschen |
-
1993
- 1993-06-17 AT AT93810434T patent/ATE166007T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-06-17 EP EP93810434A patent/EP0576398B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-06-17 DE DE59308527T patent/DE59308527D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-06-22 US US08/081,429 patent/US5363866A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-06-22 CA CA002098935A patent/CA2098935C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-06-23 KR KR1019930011497A patent/KR940000008A/ko active IP Right Grant
- 1993-06-23 KR KR1019930011496A patent/KR100273733B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103084365A (zh) * | 2013-02-25 | 2013-05-08 | 江苏金都食品有限公司 | 一种设置定位装置的纯净水灌装清洗装置 |
CN103084365B (zh) * | 2013-02-25 | 2015-07-22 | 江苏金都食品有限公司 | 一种设置定位装置的纯净水灌装清洗装置 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0576398A1 (de) | 1993-12-29 |
KR100273733B1 (ko) | 2000-12-15 |
ATE166007T1 (de) | 1998-05-15 |
KR940000008A (ko) | 1994-01-03 |
US5363866A (en) | 1994-11-15 |
CA2098935C (en) | 1996-07-16 |
DE59308527D1 (de) | 1998-06-18 |
KR940005328A (ko) | 1994-03-21 |
CA2098935A1 (en) | 1993-12-25 |
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