EP0532468A1 - Elément chauffant électrique - Google Patents

Elément chauffant électrique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0532468A1
EP0532468A1 EP92810687A EP92810687A EP0532468A1 EP 0532468 A1 EP0532468 A1 EP 0532468A1 EP 92810687 A EP92810687 A EP 92810687A EP 92810687 A EP92810687 A EP 92810687A EP 0532468 A1 EP0532468 A1 EP 0532468A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
wires
heating element
power supply
resistance wires
resistance
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP92810687A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0532468B1 (fr
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
TECNIT-Technische Textilien und Systeme GmbH
Original Assignee
TECNIT-Technische Textilien und Systeme GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by TECNIT-Technische Textilien und Systeme GmbH filed Critical TECNIT-Technische Textilien und Systeme GmbH
Publication of EP0532468A1 publication Critical patent/EP0532468A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0532468B1 publication Critical patent/EP0532468B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04B—KNITTING
    • D04B1/00—Weft knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes
    • D04B1/10—Patterned fabrics or articles
    • D04B1/12—Patterned fabrics or articles characterised by thread material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/34—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs
    • H05B3/342—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs heaters used in textiles
    • H05B3/345—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs heaters used in textiles knitted fabrics
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2401/00—Physical properties
    • D10B2401/16—Physical properties antistatic; conductive
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/002—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements
    • H05B2203/005—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements using multiple resistive elements or resistive zones isolated from each other
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/011—Heaters using laterally extending conductive material as connecting means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/013—Heaters using resistive films or coatings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/014—Heaters using resistive wires or cables not provided for in H05B3/54
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/017—Manufacturing methods or apparatus for heaters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/029—Heaters specially adapted for seat warmers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/036—Heaters specially adapted for garment heating

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrical heating element, in particular an areal electrical heating element, as can be used, for example, for seat heating in vehicles, in heating pads, heating blankets, heatable clothing, etc.
  • Such flexible and usually also flexible heating elements are already known. They generally consist of a flat sheath made of textile material or plastic, in which there is a mostly zigzag or meandering electrical heating wire, which can also be designed as a thin, flat band.
  • the object of the invention is to overcome the disadvantages of the known flat heating elements and to create a novel, universally usable and easy to produce electric heating element and to specify methods for its production.
  • the invention is therefore based on the idea of integrating the heat-emitting wires of an electrical resistance heating device into a flexible, stretchable and drapable knitted fabric.
  • the basic structure of the heating element according to the invention is such that at least two resistance wires are essentially parallel to one another and have electrical contact with at least two power supply wires, the resistance wires and the power supply wires of course not being allowed to have contact with each other.
  • the wires can be inserted as weft or warp threads or both in the manufacture of the knitted fabric.
  • the incorporation can also be considered as a replacement for the stitch yarn or as a follower of the stitch yarn. If the connection is perpendicular to the direction of knitting, ie of stitches lying one above the other, one wire can be worked in using inlay technique.
  • the wire can also be present as a slightly twisted component of a knitting yarn.
  • the construction of the knitted fabric of the heating element can be of any type, e.g. right-right, right-left, left-left, double stitches, etc. You can also work with a looped stitch to achieve reinforcement; this is particularly interesting for the power supply wires.
  • the known mesh techniques allow any shape of the heating surface to be achieved. Even power semiconductors arranged in a semi-circle are possible. By grading the spacing of the power supply wires and / or by changing the density of the resistance wires or selecting wires of different thicknesses, the most varied heating outputs are possible over the surface.
  • the necessary contact security between the power supply and resistance wires is given by the tight mesh binding of the textile fabric, as tests have shown. It is expedient to protect the heating element according to the invention against corrosion and moisture, at least at the crossing points, ie connecting points of the power supply and resistance wires, where there is also the risk of local elements being formed.
  • the wires can be provided with a corrosion-resistant but electrically conductive coating, for example made of a polymer which is made conductive with graphite, EC-soot or germanium, or from a self-conductive amide-imide polymer.
  • the finished heating element is preferably impregnated in a corrosion-resistant and moisture-resistant manner, at least in the area of the mentioned crossing points, for example with a dispersion of silicone resins or polytetrafluoroethylene, which is then dried. In some cases it is even better to use a silicone prepolymer, to dry the applied solution or dispersion and then to crosslink it thermally and / or catalytically.
  • a silicone prepolymer to dry the applied solution or dispersion and then to crosslink it thermally and / or catalytically.
  • Such protective substances are known to the person skilled in the art.
  • the material of the wires can be chosen arbitrarily within the scope of the purpose to be achieved.
  • Possible current supply wires are copper, optionally silver-plated, and resistance wires are those of the known nickel-chromium alloys.
  • the heating element according to the invention can be a flat structure or else three-dimensional, e.g. as a preformed car seat cover. It is also suitable for the appropriate insert in clothing, e.g. Motorcyclist suits, and can be produced in the desired shape.
  • the heating conductors can consist of a resistance wire or other conductive materials and can also be coated or sheathed.
  • the heating conductors also do not have to run in a "wave-like" manner (see below, FIG. 1).
  • a connection of the heating wire to the contact conductor, ie power supply wire, is not absolutely necessary after each tour. Rather, the heating power can be achieved by incorporating resistance wires of different thicknesses through a variable spacing of the Wires and can be varied almost arbitrarily by individual connection with the contact conductor.
  • the e.g. Contact conductors that can be dimensioned in wire thickness or width and material do not necessarily have to run perpendicularly or horizontally to the knitting direction, but can be adapted to the predetermined ideal shape and accordingly run obliquely or in the form of a curve, as already mentioned above.
  • the heating element does not first have to be produced two-dimensionally and then deformed, but can be constructed as a multi-dimensional structure with, if appropriate, variable heating output. This means that the heating output remains exactly reproducible at certain points, since there is no need to change the area in terms of the room shape due to subsequent deformation.
  • the heating element according to the invention is produced in the desired shape, ie not in the meter. This eliminates the expensive further processing by cutting and sewing.
  • the heating power can be designed variably through the row density of the resistance wire, appropriate dimensioning of the wires, row width according to the contact conductor course and of course also the binding variant. It is therefore not necessary, as previously, to interrupt one or more resistance wires in order to achieve the desired heating output.
  • the invention provides in one embodiment that the heating element has two or more regions with heating wires which are connected on one side or not at all by means of power supply wires; this makes it possible to adapt the heating output to any special requests in the simplest way by connecting the power supply wires in series or in parallel.
  • the heating element according to the invention can be produced in the desired three-dimensional shape on the weaving machine and therefore does not have to be thermally deformed after production, it is possible to use any other fiber besides plastic fibers in the working yarns. All technical fibers including coated fibers can also be processed in combination.
  • the heating element according to the invention can be made corrosion-resistant and flame-retardant by plasma treatment and also by conventional treatment, possibly already of the fibers.
  • the heating elements according to the invention can be produced on textile machines, preferably on computer-controlled flat knitting machines.
  • a so-called "two and a half-dimensional" construction with pile thread or spacing structure can also be produced.
  • the knitted fabric 10 of the heating element is knitted from a yarn 12, which usually consists of a suitable synthetic fiber as a monofilament or staple fiber yarn, also as a microfiber yarn, e.g. Polyester, polyurethane, polyamide, or high temperature resistant fibers like Nomex.
  • a suitable synthetic fiber as a monofilament or staple fiber yarn, also as a microfiber yarn, e.g. Polyester, polyurethane, polyamide, or high temperature resistant fibers like Nomex.
  • the material of the yarn 12 must be selected so that it can withstand the desired temperature of the heating element.
  • Two warp threads 16 are shown as the right power supply wires.
  • the upper heating wires 18 are inserted weft threads, while the lower heating wires 20 are moving wires during knitting.
  • the power supply wires can also be incorporated using the set-up line. Through the subsequent knitted fabric with heating wires, the electricity is discharged again via the final set-up line. So you get a heating element with "horizontal” power supply and “vertical” resistance wires.
  • Fank and capes should be mentioned as an additional possibility of knitting technology, and as a further application possibility the construction of tool heaters, container heaters, pipe heaters etc.
EP92810687A 1991-09-11 1992-09-08 Elément chauffant électrique Expired - Lifetime EP0532468B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH267691 1991-09-11
CH2676/91 1991-09-11

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0532468A1 true EP0532468A1 (fr) 1993-03-17
EP0532468B1 EP0532468B1 (fr) 1997-04-16

Family

ID=4239082

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP92810687A Expired - Lifetime EP0532468B1 (fr) 1991-09-11 1992-09-08 Elément chauffant électrique

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0532468B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE151941T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE59208350D1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2101825T3 (fr)

Cited By (23)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0541047A2 (fr) * 1991-11-05 1993-05-12 I.G. Bauerhin GmbH elektro-technische Fabrik Elément chauffant pour surface et méthode de fabrication
EP0548574A2 (fr) * 1991-12-23 1993-06-30 I.G. Bauerhin GmbH elektro-technische Fabrik Elément chauffant pour surface et méthode de fabrication
DE4334944A1 (de) * 1993-10-13 1995-07-06 Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag Schaltanordnung für ein Flächenheizelement
WO1996010322A1 (fr) * 1994-09-29 1996-04-04 A. U. A. Putz Gesellschaft Mbh & Co. Kg Element thermique electrique et son procede de fabrication
LU90377B1 (de) * 1999-03-25 2000-09-26 Iee Sarl Fl-chiges heizelement
EP1049354A1 (fr) * 1999-04-22 2000-11-02 Malden Mills Industries, Inc. Articles d'étoffe chauffant électriquement
AT407937B (de) * 1998-02-03 2001-07-25 Bauerhin I G Elektro Tech Flexibles flächenheizelement mit elektrisch leitenden kontakt- und heizleitern
EP1234903A1 (fr) * 2001-02-23 2002-08-28 Malden Mills Industries, Inc. Articles fibreux chauffants/réchauffants électriquement
DE20308113U1 (de) * 2003-05-23 2004-07-01 Activline Gmbh & Co. Kg Elektrisches Flächenelement
WO2006010358A1 (fr) 2004-07-24 2006-02-02 medi Bayreuth Weihermüller & Voigtmann GmbH & Co. KG Tricot a conductivite electrique biaxiale
EP1631122A1 (fr) * 2004-08-27 2006-03-01 Rolf Mayer Elément de chauffage électrique plan
WO2006056414A1 (fr) * 2004-11-24 2006-06-01 Kufner Textilwerke Gmbh Element textile de chauffage de surface et procede pour le realiser
WO2006117127A1 (fr) * 2005-05-03 2006-11-09 Eybl International Ag Procede de production de surfaces textiles a fils fonctionnels
DE19820698B4 (de) * 1998-05-11 2007-01-25 Klaus Schneider Wärmespendende Decke
EP1882764A1 (fr) * 2006-07-25 2008-01-30 Carl Freudenberg KG Structure textile plane, procédé de fabrication et utilisation
WO2008013459A2 (fr) * 2006-07-24 2008-01-31 Ward, Robert, William Élément chauffant électrique
DE102008034815A1 (de) * 2008-07-24 2010-02-04 Cotexx Gmbh Elektrisches Flächenheizelement sowie Verfahren zur Herstellung eines elektrischen Flächenheizelementes
US20130168382A1 (en) * 2011-05-20 2013-07-04 Hokuriku S.T.R. Cooperative Planar heating body
DE102017127319A1 (de) * 2017-11-20 2019-05-23 Deutsche Institute Für Textil- Und Faserforschung Denkendorf Strickprodukt sowie Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung
US10323344B2 (en) 2016-07-08 2019-06-18 H. Stoll Ag & Co. Kg Method for manufacturing a knitted fabric comprising a vertical yarn filament
CN114286460A (zh) * 2020-09-28 2022-04-05 通用汽车环球科技运作有限责任公司 用于汽车内部加热元件的纬编针织物叉指状电极
EP3958739A4 (fr) * 2019-04-10 2023-06-21 Propel, LLC Textiles tricotés avec des traces conductrices d'un fil hybride et leurs procédés de tricotage
US11856660B2 (en) 2017-06-27 2023-12-26 Elringklinger Ag Heating system and process for manufacturing same

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102005017197A1 (de) * 2005-04-13 2006-10-19 W.E.T. Automotive Systems Ag Heizelement, insbesondere zum Beheizen einer dreidimensionalen gewölbten Oberfläche
DE102017210839A1 (de) * 2017-06-27 2018-12-27 Elringklinger Ag Heizsystem
DE102018111893B4 (de) * 2018-05-17 2019-12-24 Mario Browa Heiztextil, dessen Herstellungsverfahren sowie dessen Verwendung

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH292723A (de) * 1950-09-22 1953-08-31 Herbert Goldstaub Henry Biegsames, elektrisches Heizelement.
DE1186157B (de) * 1957-06-13 1965-01-28 Goodyear Tire & Rubber Elektrisches flexibles Heizelement
US3472289A (en) * 1966-11-10 1969-10-14 Brunswick Corp Heater fabric
US4237706A (en) * 1978-04-12 1980-12-09 Edouard Dubied & Cie Intarsia knitting machine
EP0164487A1 (fr) * 1984-05-22 1985-12-18 COMET MARTINELLI S.r.l. Métier à tricoter rectiligne pour la fabrication de tricot intarsia
EP0463516A2 (fr) * 1990-06-28 1992-01-02 Wärme- Und Elektrotechnik B. Ruthenberg Gmbh Elément de chauffage électrique de surface

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH292723A (de) * 1950-09-22 1953-08-31 Herbert Goldstaub Henry Biegsames, elektrisches Heizelement.
DE1186157B (de) * 1957-06-13 1965-01-28 Goodyear Tire & Rubber Elektrisches flexibles Heizelement
US3472289A (en) * 1966-11-10 1969-10-14 Brunswick Corp Heater fabric
US4237706A (en) * 1978-04-12 1980-12-09 Edouard Dubied & Cie Intarsia knitting machine
EP0164487A1 (fr) * 1984-05-22 1985-12-18 COMET MARTINELLI S.r.l. Métier à tricoter rectiligne pour la fabrication de tricot intarsia
EP0463516A2 (fr) * 1990-06-28 1992-01-02 Wärme- Und Elektrotechnik B. Ruthenberg Gmbh Elément de chauffage électrique de surface

Cited By (37)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4136425C2 (de) * 1991-11-05 2002-01-24 Bauerhin I G Elektro Tech Flächenheizelement und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung
EP0541047A3 (en) * 1991-11-05 1993-09-15 I.G. Bauerhin Gmbh Elektro-Technische Fabrik Electric surface heating element and process for its manufacture
EP0541047A2 (fr) * 1991-11-05 1993-05-12 I.G. Bauerhin GmbH elektro-technische Fabrik Elément chauffant pour surface et méthode de fabrication
EP0548574A2 (fr) * 1991-12-23 1993-06-30 I.G. Bauerhin GmbH elektro-technische Fabrik Elément chauffant pour surface et méthode de fabrication
EP0548574A3 (en) * 1991-12-23 1993-09-15 I.G. Bauerhin Gmbh Elektro-Technische Fabrik Planar heating element and method of manufacture
DE4334944A1 (de) * 1993-10-13 1995-07-06 Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag Schaltanordnung für ein Flächenheizelement
WO1996010322A1 (fr) * 1994-09-29 1996-04-04 A. U. A. Putz Gesellschaft Mbh & Co. Kg Element thermique electrique et son procede de fabrication
DE4434956A1 (de) * 1994-09-29 1996-06-05 Putz A U A Gmbh & Co Kg Elektrisches Wärmeelement sowie Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung
US6020578A (en) * 1994-09-29 2000-02-01 A.U.A. Putz Gesellschaft Mbh & Co. Kg Electric heating element and method for preparing the same
AT407937B (de) * 1998-02-03 2001-07-25 Bauerhin I G Elektro Tech Flexibles flächenheizelement mit elektrisch leitenden kontakt- und heizleitern
DE19820698B4 (de) * 1998-05-11 2007-01-25 Klaus Schneider Wärmespendende Decke
LU90377B1 (de) * 1999-03-25 2000-09-26 Iee Sarl Fl-chiges heizelement
EP1049354A1 (fr) * 1999-04-22 2000-11-02 Malden Mills Industries, Inc. Articles d'étoffe chauffant électriquement
EP1234903A1 (fr) * 2001-02-23 2002-08-28 Malden Mills Industries, Inc. Articles fibreux chauffants/réchauffants électriquement
DE20308113U1 (de) * 2003-05-23 2004-07-01 Activline Gmbh & Co. Kg Elektrisches Flächenelement
US8476172B2 (en) 2004-07-24 2013-07-02 Medi Gmbh & Co. Kg Knitted fabric that is electrically conductive in a biaxial manner
JP2008507631A (ja) * 2004-07-24 2008-03-13 メーディバイロイト ヴァイアーミュラー アンド フォイトマン ゲーエムベーハー アンド カンパニー ケージー ２軸の電気伝導性を有するニット生地
WO2006010358A1 (fr) 2004-07-24 2006-02-02 medi Bayreuth Weihermüller & Voigtmann GmbH & Co. KG Tricot a conductivite electrique biaxiale
EA010089B1 (ru) * 2004-07-24 2008-06-30 Меди Байройт Вайермюллер Унд Фоигтманн Гмбх Унд Ко. Кг Биаксиально электропроводящее трикотажное полотно
EP1631122A1 (fr) * 2004-08-27 2006-03-01 Rolf Mayer Elément de chauffage électrique plan
WO2006056414A1 (fr) * 2004-11-24 2006-06-01 Kufner Textilwerke Gmbh Element textile de chauffage de surface et procede pour le realiser
DE102004056737A1 (de) * 2004-11-24 2006-06-08 Kufner Textilwerke Gmbh Textiles Flächenheizelement und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung
DE102004056737B4 (de) * 2004-11-24 2008-05-08 Kufner Textilwerke Gmbh Textiles Flächenheizelement und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung
WO2006117127A1 (fr) * 2005-05-03 2006-11-09 Eybl International Ag Procede de production de surfaces textiles a fils fonctionnels
WO2006117126A1 (fr) * 2005-05-03 2006-11-09 Eybl International Ag Procede de production de surfaces textiles a fils fonctionnels
WO2008013459A2 (fr) * 2006-07-24 2008-01-31 Ward, Robert, William Élément chauffant électrique
WO2008013459A3 (fr) * 2006-07-24 2008-03-13 Ward Robert William Élément chauffant électrique
EP1882764A1 (fr) * 2006-07-25 2008-01-30 Carl Freudenberg KG Structure textile plane, procédé de fabrication et utilisation
DE102008034815A1 (de) * 2008-07-24 2010-02-04 Cotexx Gmbh Elektrisches Flächenheizelement sowie Verfahren zur Herstellung eines elektrischen Flächenheizelementes
US20130168382A1 (en) * 2011-05-20 2013-07-04 Hokuriku S.T.R. Cooperative Planar heating body
US10323344B2 (en) 2016-07-08 2019-06-18 H. Stoll Ag & Co. Kg Method for manufacturing a knitted fabric comprising a vertical yarn filament
DE102016112585B4 (de) 2016-07-08 2019-10-24 H. Stoll Ag & Co. Kg Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Gestricks mit Stehfaden
US11856660B2 (en) 2017-06-27 2023-12-26 Elringklinger Ag Heating system and process for manufacturing same
DE102017127319A1 (de) * 2017-11-20 2019-05-23 Deutsche Institute Für Textil- Und Faserforschung Denkendorf Strickprodukt sowie Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung
EP3958739A4 (fr) * 2019-04-10 2023-06-21 Propel, LLC Textiles tricotés avec des traces conductrices d'un fil hybride et leurs procédés de tricotage
US11905627B2 (en) 2019-04-10 2024-02-20 Propel, LLC Systems for maintaining moisture in a textile electrode
CN114286460A (zh) * 2020-09-28 2022-04-05 通用汽车环球科技运作有限责任公司 用于汽车内部加热元件的纬编针织物叉指状电极

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0532468B1 (fr) 1997-04-16
ES2101825T3 (es) 1997-07-16
ATE151941T1 (de) 1997-05-15
DE59208350D1 (de) 1997-05-22

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