WO2008013459A2 - Élément chauffant électrique - Google Patents

Élément chauffant électrique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008013459A2
WO2008013459A2 PCT/NZ2007/000193 NZ2007000193W WO2008013459A2 WO 2008013459 A2 WO2008013459 A2 WO 2008013459A2 NZ 2007000193 W NZ2007000193 W NZ 2007000193W WO 2008013459 A2 WO2008013459 A2 WO 2008013459A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fabric piece
fabric
courses
yarn
yarns
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/NZ2007/000193
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2008013459A3 (fr
Inventor
Henry Taira Wichman
Original Assignee
Ward, Robert, William
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ward, Robert, William filed Critical Ward, Robert, William
Publication of WO2008013459A2 publication Critical patent/WO2008013459A2/fr
Publication of WO2008013459A3 publication Critical patent/WO2008013459A3/fr

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/34—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs
    • H05B3/342—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs heaters used in textiles
    • H05B3/345—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs heaters used in textiles knitted fabrics
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/002—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements
    • H05B2203/005—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements using multiple resistive elements or resistive zones isolated from each other
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/011—Heaters using laterally extending conductive material as connecting means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/014—Heaters using resistive wires or cables not provided for in H05B3/54
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/017—Manufacturing methods or apparatus for heaters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/036—Heaters specially adapted for garment heating

Definitions

  • This invention relates to fabric or textile articles incorporating an electrical heating element or elements. More particularly the invention relates to a knitted fabric utilising at least one yarn incorporating an electrically conductive material providing a continuous electrical path throughout its length.
  • Fabric or textile articles incorporating an electrical heating element(s) are known however these generally have a distinct separation or disposition between the fabric and the heating element. Typical of this is the well known electric blanket structure wherein an elongate insulated electrical resistance wire is sewn in between layers of a cloth material.
  • Other prior art can be found in heated vehicle seats wherein a similar heating element to that mentioned above is juxtaposed interiorly of the fabric or leather covering of the seat. Further prior art relating to fabric garments can be found in USA Patents 3396264 and 3663796 with again there is a juxtaposed as distinct to integrated relationship between the heating element and the parent substrate and or overlay fabric.
  • the heating element is basically non-elastic and even with providing a concertinaed or "Zig-Zig" layout for the heating element limited stretch capabilities are possible rendering them not particularly suitable for use in, for example, clothing articles.
  • This is so even when juxtaposed with a stretchable substrate fabric as the expansion available from such a layout tends to be limited to the plane of the "Zig-Zag” layout and otherwise limited within two dimensions.
  • WIPO published patent application WO2005/065478 which while discussing the concept of a fabric having a more integrated heating element describes little of how this is to be achieved or applied.
  • a first object of this invention is to provide a knitted fabric wherein at least one of the yarns forming the fabric is electrically conductive enabling the establishment of an integrated rather than juxtaposed structure between the parent fabric and the heating element.
  • a further object is to provide such a fabric of a stretchable structure suitable for use in or as, for example, an article of clothing.
  • Yet a further object is to provide a fabric wherein the heating zone is achieved with "parallel” heating elements thus reducing the likelihood of complete malfunction resulting from a single heating element breakage.
  • a further object is to provide such a fabric suitable for laminating or being similarly layered to other materials to achieve additional benefits. Yet a further object is to provide the public with a useful choice.
  • a fabric piece fabricated from a precursor comprising continuous run of lengths of yarns knitted together in interlocking courses characterised in that at least one of the yarns is electrically inert at least about an outer surface thereof and at least one of the yarns incorporates an electrically conductive material in a manner that provides for a continuous electrical path of substantially constant electrical resistance throughout its length, the fabric piece being severed from the precursor run of fabric in a manner that provides that the courses of the electrically conductive yarn are disposed in an electrically effective parallel relationship, these electrically conductive yarn courses having a common electrical termination strips at each end thereof attached to the fabric piece.
  • a fabric piece as described in the preceding paragraph wherein the inert yarn and the electrically conductive yarn are knitted together in a manner that provides for at least one course of inert yarn to be interposed between what would otherwise be two adjacent courses of electrically conductive yarns as to be electrically insulated from one another.
  • a fabric piece as described in either of the two immediately preceding paragraphs wherein a rib or plain loop stitch configuration of knitting is utilised in the knitting of the lengths of yarns together as to provide that the fabric piece is stretchable.
  • a fabric piece as described in any one of the three immediately preceding paragraphs wherein the inert yarn is fully comprised of a natural material the courses of which act as an effective electrical insulator between the courses of the electrically conductive courses.
  • a precursor to a fabric piece as described in any one of the five immediately preceding paragraphs comprising a continuous run of lengths of yarns knitted together in interlocking courses characterised in that at least one of the yarns is electrically inert at least about an outer surface thereof and at least one of the yarns incorporates an electrically conductive material in a manner that provides for a continuous electrical path of substantially constant electrical resistance throughout its length.
  • an article incorporating a fabric piece as described in any one of the first five embodiments of the invention wherein the article includes a power source connected to the fabric piece via a controller adapted to monitor the electrical dynamics occurring within the fabric piece and adjust the output of the power source to substantially maintain a required heat output.
  • Fig 1 is a front view (partly schematic on an enlarged scale for clarity) of a fabric piece in accordance with this invention.
  • Figs 2 and 3 are front views of a section of a precursor run of fabric (again partly schematic on an enlarged scale for clarity) depicting the stretch characteristics of the fabric and fabric piece
  • Fig 4 is a perspective view (again partly schematic on an enlarged scale for clarity) of a fabric piece laminated on one side to a covering.
  • Fig 5 is a perspective view (again partly schematic on an enlarged scale for clarity) of an alternative covering to that depicted in Fig 4
  • a precursor run of the parent fabric 1 of this invention is preferably made in a continuous manner utilising a typical industrial knitting machine. It follows the maximum width of the parent fabric run 1 will be determined by the knitting machine specifications and the courses of yarn 2 and 3 comprising the run of fabric 1 will run transversely thereof As depicted in Fig 1 and described in more detail below laterally positioned and longitudinally extending electrical terminal strips 4 may also be attached to the parent run of fabric 1.
  • a spool or spools of an electrically inert yarn 3 is selected for knitting together with a spool(s) of a yarn 2 having an electrically conductive material therein.
  • the inert yarn 3 may be chosen from a wide selection of suitable materials, selection primarily depending upon the final requirements for the fabric piece 5.
  • a natural product like a woollen or cotton yarn will be selected however other natural and synthetic electrically inert yarns may be used.
  • a woollen yarn is preferred as it provides thermal and fire retardant characteristics ideal for use in the fabric piece 5.
  • the electrically conductive yarn 2 also may take a variety of forms. (In the drawings scale and variety render clear depiction of this feature difficult. Depiction of this feature is represented by a darken shade line.)
  • a composite yarn-mix is utilised comprising a combination of the yarn fibres from which the inert yarn 3 is spun and stainless steel, nichrome or carbon fibres integrally spun therewith.
  • the density and distribution of the electrically conductive fibres within the composite yarn 2 needs to be such as to provide a continuous electrical path of a substantially constant resistance throughout its length.
  • one or more fine continuous strands of electrically conductive wire or other suitable synthetic conductors may be spun into the composite yarn 2 either as part of its initial fabrication or as an additional spinning step.
  • the basic factors bearing upon the choice of electrically conductive element(s) include the fundamental electrical conductivity of the fibre or wire, the physical dimensions thereof particularly the cross-sectional area and length and the density and distribution thereof within the composite yarn 2. Also, referring to Figs 2 and 3 and as now discussed the physical knitted structure of the fabric run 1 bears on the choice and result.
  • the composite yarn 2 is fabricated to provide a "nominal" electrical resistance of between 100-2000 ohms per meter of length.
  • a "nominal" electrical resistance of between 100-2000 ohms per meter of length.
  • many factors outside the "basic" resistance of the electrically conductive elements within composite yarn 2 influence this "nominal” resistance.
  • the electrically conductive component(s) incorporated into the associated composite yarn 2 is effectively stretchable. This is despite the typically non-stretchable physical nature of the metal or other electrically conductive material fibres or strands themselves, the stretch capability being a component of the knitting loop.
  • Figs 2 and 3 This stretch capability is depicted in Figs 2 and 3; as represented by arrows 6, Fig 2 depicts the fabric 1 expanded or stretched and Fig 3 depicts the fabric 1 compacted or in a typical at rest state.
  • a resultant fabric piece 5 can be draped and/or stretched to closely follow or mould about a compound surface. It has been found that in so doing the extent of any stretching of the fabric piece 5 will alter the effective electrical resistance in part or the whole of the fabric piece 5. Further, by selecting a particular knit loop and knit pattern including the density or tightness of the knit structure the electrical resistance of the resultant fabric piece 5 can be altered. Thus, the heating dynamics of a final fabric piece 5 can be changed and thereby selected, within an appropriate range, during fabrication of the run of fabric 1.
  • a run of fabric 1 is fabricated from the yarn by knitting.
  • a variety of different knit loops preferably providing stretchability, can be used to form the precursor fabric 1.
  • the loop structure the density of yarns 1 and 2 and other factors of the knitting process can be altered to meet a required pattern.
  • a run of fabric 1 can be fabricated to a pattern required, to provide, with downstream cutting and sewing, a fabric piece 5 for a particular garment or garment panel.
  • the electrically conductive yarn 2 may either be used for the entire run of fabric 1 or may be interposed or alternated with lengths of the non-electrically conductive yarn 3 and even a mix of different yarns
  • the density can be limited by providing that only every second course may be comprised of the composite yarn 2.
  • the density can be varied by altering the tightness of the knit structure and/or the lineal ratio of electrically conductive yarn 2 to non-electrical yarn 3 of a particular blend.
  • the knitting process creates what are substantially parallel courses of the yarns 2 and 3 through the run of fabric 1, it being accepted that the courses are intertwining in the manner of knitted loops.
  • the courses are terminated at each end to thus isolate at least each course of electrically conductive yarn 2 from the others such courses of yarn 2
  • This transverse disposition "nominally parallel" nature of the courses of the knitted run of fabric 1 is utilised to provide the required associated "electrically parallel" arrangement for the courses of composite yarn to be utilised as heating elements.
  • the longitudinally running electrical terminal strips 4 are provided at each side of the otherwise electrically isolated composite courses 2 to couple them together in an electrically parallel relationship.
  • the terminal strips 4 are typically sewn or bonded into the fabric piece 5, the terminal strips 4 preferably being formed from lengths of thin copper, or other suitably electrically conductive material, wire or bands. It will be appreciated that the terminal strips 4 1 may be attached to either the precursor fabric run or later as part of fabricating a particular fabric piece 5.
  • the terminal strips 4 are connectable, such as by wires 7 to a suitable electrical power source (not depicted) which may be either AC or DC. Power is preferably fed to a fabric piece 5 via a controller (not depicted) incorporating various typical control means and indicators.
  • the controller includes means to achieve feed-back on the heating dynamics of a fabric piece 5 to maintain effective working and otherwise meet safety requirements of a fabric piece5.
  • the fabric piece 5 can be layered in a laminated with a variety of other materials. It is envisaged this will be appropriate for some garments incorporating a fabric piece 5. Preferably these layered products provide an electrical insulating (to reduce an undesirable "electrical tingling" that may otherwise occur) between a fabric piece 5 and a wearer of a garment incorporating a fabric piece as a heating means therein.
  • laminates may include a Neoprene rubber sheet 9 preferably with a fabric backing 8 already bonded to it to enhance water proofing and thermal insulation.
  • the fabric backing 8 is in the nature of a natural or artificial short fleece material to provide additional thermal insulation and assist bonding of the fabric piece 5 thereto.
  • a web of fusing adhesive is used to laminate the layers together either with or without utilising mechanical pressurising and/or thermal means.
  • the layering maybe achieved by laminating a sandwich type sheet material to the fabric piece 5.
  • a aerogel containing product 12 may be contained between suitable plastic sheets or metal foils 10.
  • a fusing web is used to achieve the laminate structure.
  • the sandwich structure is depicted "unsealed" for clarity. It will be appreciated that when so laminated or similarly layered with a non-stretchable material any stretch capability of the fabric piece 5 will be negated.
  • a Lycra material may be used as a laminate to produce a smooth surface.
  • a spray on coating may be used.
  • an hydrophobic materials such as "Cool Max” (trade mark) may be used to produce a composite fabric or garment having stretchability together with electrical heating capabilities.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Knitting Of Fabric (AREA)
  • Surface Heating Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une pièce de tissu (5) dans laquelle sont intégrés des moyens de chauffage fabriqués à partir d'une longueur de tissu précurseur (1) composé de longueurs de fils (2) et de fils (3) tricotés ensemble en rangées entrelacées. L'un des fils (3) au moins est réalisé dans un matériau électriquement inerte ou isolant tel que le coton ou la laine. Dans l'autre fil (2) est intégré un matériau électroconducteur qui offre un trajet électrique continu sur toute sa longueur. Lors du processus de tricotage, les rangées de mailles des fils (2) et (3) sont disposées en parallèle les unes par rapport aux autres, leurs boucles tricotées étant entrelacées, ce qui permet d'obtenir des éléments chauffants électriquement parallèles. En particulier, les rangées de fil électroconducteur ou composite (2) sont disposées en alternance avec au moins une rangée de fil inerte (3). Lorsque l'on sépare une pièce de tissu (5) de la longueur de tissu précurseur (1), les rangées de fil composite (2) sont électriquement isolées l'une de l'autre. Des bandes de terminaison électrique (4) sont attachées à chaque extrémité de la pièce de tissu (5), de manière qu'elles unissent les rangées de mailles composites en une relation électriquement parallèle. Les bandes (4) peuvent être attachées à la longueur de tissu précurseur (1). Des fils métalliques (7) attachés aux bandes terminales (4) permettent d'alimenter électriquement les rangées de mailles composites (2), et d'obtenir de la sorte une pièce de tissu chauffé. Il a été découvert qu'en modifiant la structure et les motifs des boucles tricotées, on peut modifier les capacités d'étirement et la densité de la longueur de tissu précurseur (1) et, par conséquent, réguler la résistance électrique des rangées de mailles composites (2) et les capacités chauffantes de la pièce de tissu (5). Dans une variante, une pièce de tissu (5) est déposée ou stratifiée entre d'autres matériaux, par exemple, une feuille caoutchoutée (9) avec un renfort d'envers en tissu (8), afin d'augmenter la résistance à l'usure de la pièce de tissu. Dans une autre variante, un produit aérogel (12) est contenu entre des feuilles de plastique ou des feuilles métalliques (10, 11), et est ensuite stratifié sur la pièce de tissu (5).
PCT/NZ2007/000193 2006-07-24 2007-07-23 Élément chauffant électrique WO2008013459A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NZ548676 2006-07-24
NZ54867606 2006-07-24

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2008013459A2 true WO2008013459A2 (fr) 2008-01-31
WO2008013459A3 WO2008013459A3 (fr) 2008-03-13

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Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102008034815A1 (de) * 2008-07-24 2010-02-04 Cotexx Gmbh Elektrisches Flächenheizelement sowie Verfahren zur Herstellung eines elektrischen Flächenheizelementes
US8240386B2 (en) 2009-12-30 2012-08-14 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Method for treating well bore with polyurethane composition
DE102011121451A1 (de) * 2011-12-16 2013-06-20 Audi Ag Heizvorrichtung für ein Kraftfahrzeug
JP2014157824A (ja) * 2011-12-09 2014-08-28 Sanki Consys Co Ltd 布ヒータ
US8876812B2 (en) 2009-02-26 2014-11-04 Megadyne Medical Products, Inc. Self-limiting electrosurgical return electrode with pressure sore reduction and heating capabilities
US20140339366A1 (en) * 2013-05-14 2014-11-20 Sikorsky Aircraft Corporation On-Blade Deice Heater Mat
CN104470004A (zh) * 2014-11-04 2015-03-25 大连果壳互动科技有限公司 一种有源柔性发热体及其制备方法和应用
WO2015105439A1 (fr) * 2014-01-13 2015-07-16 Kjell Lindskog Procédé et agencement de fabrication d'un produit ou d'achèvement d'un produit
WO2017120982A1 (fr) * 2016-01-15 2017-07-20 香港纺织及成衣研发中心有限公司 Élément électrothermique et son procédé de génération de chaleur
US9867650B2 (en) 2013-12-26 2018-01-16 Megadyne Medical Products, Inc. Universal self-limiting electrosurgical return electrode
WO2018143860A1 (fr) * 2017-02-06 2018-08-09 Kjell Lindskog Procédé et agencement concernant le chauffage d'ailes dans des parcs éoliens ou d'autres dispositifs
US10085791B2 (en) 2013-12-26 2018-10-02 Megadyne Medical Products, Inc. Universal self-limiting electrosurgical return electrode
US10165591B2 (en) 2009-06-17 2018-12-25 Qualcomm Incorporated Multi-user multiple input multiple output wireless communications
CN109722781A (zh) * 2019-03-08 2019-05-07 天津工业大学 一种基于纬编针织结构的电加热织物及其织造方法
JP2019175671A (ja) * 2018-03-28 2019-10-10 セーレン株式会社 面状発熱体

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EP1631122A1 (fr) * 2004-08-27 2006-03-01 Rolf Mayer Elément de chauffage électrique plan

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Cited By (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102008034815A1 (de) * 2008-07-24 2010-02-04 Cotexx Gmbh Elektrisches Flächenheizelement sowie Verfahren zur Herstellung eines elektrischen Flächenheizelementes
US8876812B2 (en) 2009-02-26 2014-11-04 Megadyne Medical Products, Inc. Self-limiting electrosurgical return electrode with pressure sore reduction and heating capabilities
EP3590454A1 (fr) 2009-02-26 2020-01-08 Megadyne Medical Products, Inc. Électrode de retour électrochirurgical autolimité ayant des capacités de chauffage et de réduction des escarres
US10165591B2 (en) 2009-06-17 2018-12-25 Qualcomm Incorporated Multi-user multiple input multiple output wireless communications
US8240386B2 (en) 2009-12-30 2012-08-14 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Method for treating well bore with polyurethane composition
JP2014157824A (ja) * 2011-12-09 2014-08-28 Sanki Consys Co Ltd 布ヒータ
DE102011121451A1 (de) * 2011-12-16 2013-06-20 Audi Ag Heizvorrichtung für ein Kraftfahrzeug
DE102011121451B4 (de) 2011-12-16 2023-02-02 Audi Ag Heizvorrichtung für ein Kraftfahrzeug und ein Kraftfahrzeug mit einer solchen Heizvorrichtung sowie ein Verfahren zum Herstellen einer solchen Heizvorrichtung
US20140339366A1 (en) * 2013-05-14 2014-11-20 Sikorsky Aircraft Corporation On-Blade Deice Heater Mat
US9327838B2 (en) * 2013-05-14 2016-05-03 Sikorsky Aircraft Corporation On-blade deice heater mat
US9867650B2 (en) 2013-12-26 2018-01-16 Megadyne Medical Products, Inc. Universal self-limiting electrosurgical return electrode
US10085791B2 (en) 2013-12-26 2018-10-02 Megadyne Medical Products, Inc. Universal self-limiting electrosurgical return electrode
US11464560B2 (en) 2013-12-26 2022-10-11 Megadyne Medical Products, Inc. Universal self-limiting electrosurgical return electrode
US10470252B2 (en) 2014-01-13 2019-11-05 Kjell Lindskog Method and arrangement for manufacture of a product or completion of a product
WO2015105439A1 (fr) * 2014-01-13 2015-07-16 Kjell Lindskog Procédé et agencement de fabrication d'un produit ou d'achèvement d'un produit
CN104470004A (zh) * 2014-11-04 2015-03-25 大连果壳互动科技有限公司 一种有源柔性发热体及其制备方法和应用
WO2017120982A1 (fr) * 2016-01-15 2017-07-20 香港纺织及成衣研发中心有限公司 Élément électrothermique et son procédé de génération de chaleur
WO2018143860A1 (fr) * 2017-02-06 2018-08-09 Kjell Lindskog Procédé et agencement concernant le chauffage d'ailes dans des parcs éoliens ou d'autres dispositifs
US11480157B2 (en) 2017-02-06 2022-10-25 Kjell Lindskog Method and arrangement related to heating of wings in wind power plants or other devices
JP2019175671A (ja) * 2018-03-28 2019-10-10 セーレン株式会社 面状発熱体
CN109722781A (zh) * 2019-03-08 2019-05-07 天津工业大学 一种基于纬编针织结构的电加热织物及其织造方法

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