EP0517735B1 - Verfahren zum stabilen betrieb eines plasmatrons mit wasserdampf als plasmagas - Google Patents
Verfahren zum stabilen betrieb eines plasmatrons mit wasserdampf als plasmagas Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0517735B1 EP0517735B1 EP91904221A EP91904221A EP0517735B1 EP 0517735 B1 EP0517735 B1 EP 0517735B1 EP 91904221 A EP91904221 A EP 91904221A EP 91904221 A EP91904221 A EP 91904221A EP 0517735 B1 EP0517735 B1 EP 0517735B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- temperature
- plasma
- plasmatron
- steam
- plasma gas
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000004157 plasmatron Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title abstract description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010891 toxic waste Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 210000002381 plasma Anatomy 0.000 abstract description 71
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 13
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 37
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000001311 chemical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 hydrogen ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000008280 chlorinated hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012084 conversion product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006735 deficit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007257 malfunction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100001234 toxic pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000003440 toxic substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D3/00—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances
- A62D3/10—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances by subjecting to electric or wave energy or particle or ionizing radiation
- A62D3/19—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances by subjecting to electric or wave energy or particle or ionizing radiation to plasma
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
- H05H1/24—Generating plasma
- H05H1/26—Plasma torches
- H05H1/28—Cooling arrangements
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D2101/00—Harmful chemical substances made harmless, or less harmful, by effecting chemical change
- A62D2101/20—Organic substances
- A62D2101/22—Organic substances containing halogen
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for the stable operation of a plasmatron with initially essentially water vapor as the plasma gas according to the preamble of claim 1.
- Plasmatrons which are used for chemical material conversion, are mainly operated with a gas that is chemically inert to the plasmatron materials as the plasma gas.
- processes of plasma pyrolysis work with hydrogen as the plasma gas.
- the erosion of the parts which are exposed to or are in contact with the arc is particularly high in the case of plasmatrons which are operated using water vapor as the plasma gas.
- This high erosion load therefore affects in particular the cathode and the anode.
- the relatively high loss of electrode mass leads to a short service life of the electrodes of the plasmatron, which is operated with water vapor as the plasma gas, so that continuous operation is practically impossible due to the frequently necessary change of electrodes.
- the invention has for its object to provide a method for stable operation of a plasmatron, which is operated with water vapor as the plasma gas, by a continuous with intensive cooling of all thermally highly stressed parts, in particular the electrodes of the plasmatron, and in the other conventional thermal process conditions Operation by increasing the service life of thermally highly stressed parts of the plasmatron and by reducing or avoiding fluctuations in the operating parameters of the plasmatron can be reached.
- the causes are to be eliminated, which lead to a substantially higher electrode erosion and to fluctuations in the operating parameters in the case of plasmatrons with water vapor as plasma gas in comparison with plasmatrons with other gas plasmas, without, on the other hand, disadvantageous changes in the thermal process conditions or in the cooling area.
- the cooling of the cooled parts of the plasma cartridge is preferably limited and / or a condensation temperature of the plasma gas is lowered.
- a further improvement of the method according to the invention for reducing condensation problems with regard to the water vapor plasma on the hot water-cooled parts of the plasmatron, in particular the anode and cathode thermally acted upon by the arc, is achieved according to a further preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention in that the cooling of the thermally highly stressed parts of the plasma cartridge, in particular the electrodes, are combined by hot water with a temperature of at least 80 ° C. with a lowering of the condensation temperature of the plasma gas by admixing a gas with a low condensation temperature.
- Air is preferably added to the plasma vapor after the evaporation stage to lower the condensation temperature of the plasma gas mixture, the
- the condensation temperature of the water vapor plasma gas component is, for example, 80 ° C., while in this case the electrode cooling according to the invention by means of hot water maintains an electrode temperature of more than 80 ° C.
- This problem is preferably solved by limiting the cooling of the thermally highly stressed and therefore cooled parts of the plasmatron by using hot water as a coolant with a temperature of at least approximately 80 ° C.
- the limitation of the cooling is achieved by only reducing the thermal driving force between the electrode surface, preferably the anode inner wall, and the cooling water.
- a particularly effective solution is achieved according to an advantageous embodiment of the invention by a combination of the limitation of cooling in conjunction with the use of hot water as a coolant and the simultaneous lowering of the condensation temperature of the water vapor plasma by admixing a gas with a condensation temperature lower than that of water vapor, the Cooling water inlet temperature is controlled so that the surface temperature of the cathode and anode of the plasma cartridge is at least close to the condensation temperature of the plasma gas mixture corresponding to the new water vapor partial pressure.
- Air is preferably additionally mixed into the water vapor as the gas reducing the condensation temperature of the water vapor plasma.
- the invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of an exemplary embodiment for the destruction of toxic waste products with the aid of a chemical substance conversion by treatment in plasma cartridges which are operated essentially with water vapor as the plasma gas.
- a plasma system for the destruction of toxic waste products preferably for the chemical conversion of waste products containing chlorinated or fluorinated hydrocarbons, consists of 10 plasma cartridges, each with a power of 30 kW, with the corresponding reactors and necessary additional units in a conventional manner.
- the system is operated with 25 kg / h of steam at a temperature of 300 ° C at 0.1 mPa as plasma gas.
- the plasmatron has a cooling device which uses cooling water as a coolant for cooling the thermally highly stressed parts of the plasmatron, in particular the anode and cathode.
- the cooling water inlet temperature at the anode and increased the cathode by reducing the cooling in the cooling water circuits of the system to preferably 80 ° C., so that the thermally highly stressed parts of the plasmatons are subject to hot water cooling.
- a cooling water speed of 50 to 70 m / s a cooling water outlet temperature of 81 to 82 ° C is reached.
- Such a temperature control only insignificantly reduces the thermal driving force compared to the cooling water temperature, which is normally kept at room temperature, due to the (considerable) temperature difference between the surface temperature of the electrode and the original cooling water temperature, ie sufficient cooling of the electrodes can also be achieved with hot water.
- a second preferred embodiment of the invention in the form of the use of hot water according to the invention with a temperature of preferably At least 80 ° C cooled plasmatrons for the destruction of toxic waste products by chemical conversion, the fluctuations in the operation of the plasmatrons that may still remain despite the reduction of the electrode cooling through the use of hot water cooling are not justifiable, since this, even if to a small extent, makes the leakage more toxic Pollutants could occur.
- the cooling according to the invention of the thermally particularly stressed plasmatron parts, in particular the electrodes with hot water combined with a reduction in the condensation temperature of the water vapor plasma gas.
- the condensation temperature can be reduced by admixing a foreign gas with a condensation temperature lower than that of water vapor to the water vapor. In this case, e.g. 62.5 m3 / h of air mixed into the plasma vapor after the evaporation stage.
- the condensation temperature of the water vapor plasma component is now 80 ° C.
- the electrode temperature with the electrode cooling according to the present invention is at least in this case preferably slightly more than 80 ° C., condensation of water vapor can be completely prevented in this way, so that the cause of fluctuations in the operation of the plasmatons are completely eliminated and a continuous flow of the material conversion processes is guaranteed. In this way, breakthroughs of toxic substances through a water vapor plasmatron can be completely avoided.
- the invention provides a plasmatron and a method for the stable operation of a plasmatron with water vapor as the plasma gas, in which the fluctuations typical of water vapor plasmas, sudden fluctuations in the Operating conditions and increased electrode erosion can be avoided.
- This is achieved by limiting the cooling of the thermally highly stressed plasmatron parts, in particular electrodes, as a result of using hot water as the coolant, which is used at a temperature of at least 80 ° C. most preferably.
- the condensation of water vapor at strongly cooled areas of the plasmatron which leads to severe disturbances or interruptions of the plasma jet as a result of the arc and explosive evaporation of the condensate, and to material erosion from the electrode surface, leads to electrode erosion.
- the invention not only brings about stable operation and long electrode life, but also improves the efficiency of the plasmatron and the yield of the plasma chemical processes.
- the effect of the hot water cooling of the plasmatron electrodes can preferably be additionally increased by lowering the condensation point of the water vapor plasma atmosphere by adding a gas to the water vapor with a condensation temperature which is lower than that of water vapor, so that the latter now Water vapor partial pressure corresponding condensation temperature of the plasma gas mixture is below the temperature which is maintained as the surface temperature even at the most cooled points of the plasmatron, the electrodes, so that condensation and resulting condensate evaporation phenomena in the arc area of the plasmatron are actually avoided.
- the pressure conditions in the plasma reactor and the respective phase conversion products, deviations and modifications can be carried out with the aim of avoiding the problems with plasmatron parts resulting from the condensation of the water vapor on cooled plasmatron parts, which essentially contain water vapor as plasma gas by ensuring, by choosing the cooling and / or condensation conditions, that condensation of the plasma gas or gas mixture or parts thereof does not occur at the cooled areas, in particular the electrodes of the plasmatron.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
- Plasma Technology (AREA)
- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
- Transition And Organic Metals Composition Catalysts For Addition Polymerization (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
- Physical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
- Surface Treatment Of Glass Fibres Or Filaments (AREA)
- External Artificial Organs (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
- Drying Of Semiconductors (AREA)
- Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DD90338145A DD299613A7 (de) | 1990-02-26 | 1990-02-26 | Verfahren zum stabilen betrieb von plasmatrons mit wasserdampf als plasmagas |
| DD338145 | 1990-02-26 | ||
| PCT/EP1991/000348 WO1991013532A1 (de) | 1990-02-26 | 1991-02-26 | Plasmatron mit wasserdampf als plasmagas und verfahren zum stabilen betrieb des plasmatrons |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0517735A1 EP0517735A1 (de) | 1992-12-16 |
| EP0517735B1 true EP0517735B1 (de) | 1995-12-27 |
Family
ID=5616667
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP91904221A Expired - Lifetime EP0517735B1 (de) | 1990-02-26 | 1991-02-26 | Verfahren zum stabilen betrieb eines plasmatrons mit wasserdampf als plasmagas |
Country Status (12)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5498826A (es) |
| EP (1) | EP0517735B1 (es) |
| JP (1) | JPH0821474B2 (es) |
| AT (1) | ATE132316T1 (es) |
| DD (1) | DD299613A7 (es) |
| DE (1) | DE59107163D1 (es) |
| DK (1) | DK0517735T3 (es) |
| ES (1) | ES2084155T3 (es) |
| FI (1) | FI923813A0 (es) |
| GR (1) | GR3019093T3 (es) |
| RU (1) | RU2067790C1 (es) |
| WO (1) | WO1991013532A1 (es) |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2724806A1 (fr) * | 1994-09-16 | 1996-03-22 | Pompes Maupu Entreprise | Procede et dispositif d'assistance par plasma au vapo-craquage non-catalytique de composes hydrocarbones et halogeno-organiques |
| JP2985762B2 (ja) * | 1996-03-18 | 1999-12-06 | 日本電気株式会社 | 排気ガスの処理方法及び処理装置 |
| WO2004048851A1 (en) * | 2002-11-25 | 2004-06-10 | David Systems Technology, S.L. | Integrated plasma-frequency induction process for waste treatment, resource recovery and apparatus for realizing same |
| WO2014124521A1 (en) | 2013-02-15 | 2014-08-21 | Pyrogenesis Canada Inc. | High power dc non transferred steam plasma torch system |
| RU2721931C1 (ru) * | 2020-01-13 | 2020-05-25 | Общество С Ограниченной Ответственностью "Плазариум" | Прямоточный парогенератор для плазменной системы, плазменная система с таким парогенератором и способ генерации перегретого пара |
| CN111246649A (zh) * | 2020-01-16 | 2020-06-05 | 江苏河海新能源股份有限公司 | 水蒸汽等离子发生装置 |
| CN111586954B (zh) * | 2020-06-08 | 2022-09-09 | 江苏帕斯玛环境科技有限公司 | 水蒸气等离子体产生的方法 |
Family Cites Families (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE215325C (es) * | ||||
| DE218984C (es) * | 1908-04-16 | |||
| DE1417746A1 (de) * | 1960-11-28 | 1969-02-13 | Berghaus Elektrophysik Anst | Verfahren zur Durchfuehrung chemischer Prozesse |
| HU184389B (en) * | 1981-02-27 | 1984-08-28 | Villamos Ipari Kutato Intezet | Method and apparatus for destroying wastes by using of plasmatechnic |
| DD218984A1 (de) * | 1983-06-01 | 1985-02-20 | Adw Ddr | Verduesungsvorrichtung fuer fluessigkeiten in hochtemperaturplasmen |
| US4582004A (en) * | 1983-07-05 | 1986-04-15 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Electric arc heater process and apparatus for the decomposition of hazardous materials |
| DE3330750A1 (de) * | 1983-08-26 | 1985-03-14 | Chemische Werke Hüls AG, 4370 Marl | Verfahren zur erzeugung von acetylen und synthese- oder reduktionsgas aus kohle in einem lichtbogenprozess |
| US4642440A (en) * | 1984-11-13 | 1987-02-10 | Schnackel Jay F | Semi-transferred arc in a liquid stabilized plasma generator and method for utilizing the same |
| SE453920B (sv) * | 1985-03-01 | 1988-03-14 | Skf Steel Eng Ab | Sett och anordning for forgasning av fossila brenslen samt reformering av gasformiga brenslen |
| CA1324823C (en) * | 1988-08-08 | 1993-11-30 | Robert Chrong-Wen Chang | Method and apparatus for plasma pyrolysis of liquid waste |
| DE3922383C2 (de) * | 1988-08-11 | 1994-06-09 | Grimma Masch Anlagen Gmbh | Verfahren zur Vernichtung toxischer Abprodukte und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens |
| JPH084707B2 (ja) * | 1988-11-10 | 1996-01-24 | 工業技術院長 | 有機ハロゲン化合物の分解方法 |
| US5026464A (en) * | 1988-08-31 | 1991-06-25 | Agency Of Industrial Science And Technology | Method and apparatus for decomposing halogenated organic compound |
| JPH0722607B2 (ja) * | 1989-09-01 | 1995-03-15 | 工業技術院長 | プラズマ反応法による有機ハロゲン化合物の分解方法および装置 |
| JPH03242158A (ja) * | 1990-02-20 | 1991-10-29 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | フルオロカーボンの分解処理方法 |
| JP2617144B2 (ja) * | 1990-04-13 | 1997-06-04 | 新日本製鐵株式会社 | ハロゲン化有機化合物のプラズマ分解処理方法 |
-
1990
- 1990-02-26 DD DD90338145A patent/DD299613A7/de not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1991
- 1991-02-26 JP JP3504220A patent/JPH0821474B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-02-26 EP EP91904221A patent/EP0517735B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-02-26 ES ES91904221T patent/ES2084155T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-02-26 DE DE59107163T patent/DE59107163D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-02-26 DK DK91904221.8T patent/DK0517735T3/da active
- 1991-02-26 US US08/323,590 patent/US5498826A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-02-26 AT AT91904221T patent/ATE132316T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-02-26 RU SU915053005A patent/RU2067790C1/ru active
- 1991-02-26 WO PCT/EP1991/000348 patent/WO1991013532A1/de active IP Right Grant
-
1992
- 1992-08-25 FI FI923813A patent/FI923813A0/fi not_active Application Discontinuation
-
1996
- 1996-02-23 GR GR960400513T patent/GR3019093T3/el unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH05506536A (ja) | 1993-09-22 |
| GR3019093T3 (en) | 1996-05-31 |
| RU2067790C1 (ru) | 1996-10-10 |
| EP0517735A1 (de) | 1992-12-16 |
| FI923813A (fi) | 1992-08-25 |
| FI923813A0 (fi) | 1992-08-25 |
| JPH0821474B2 (ja) | 1996-03-04 |
| DE59107163D1 (de) | 1996-02-08 |
| DD299613A7 (de) | 1992-04-30 |
| ES2084155T3 (es) | 1996-05-01 |
| WO1991013532A1 (de) | 1991-09-05 |
| DK0517735T3 (da) | 1996-03-18 |
| ATE132316T1 (de) | 1996-01-15 |
| US5498826A (en) | 1996-03-12 |
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