EP0487504B1 - Dispositif pour le chauffage d'un produit long en matériau conducteur électrique - Google Patents

Dispositif pour le chauffage d'un produit long en matériau conducteur électrique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0487504B1
EP0487504B1 EP92101679A EP92101679A EP0487504B1 EP 0487504 B1 EP0487504 B1 EP 0487504B1 EP 92101679 A EP92101679 A EP 92101679A EP 92101679 A EP92101679 A EP 92101679A EP 0487504 B1 EP0487504 B1 EP 0487504B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
capacitor
plates
heating
strand
web
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP92101679A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0487504A1 (fr
Inventor
Eckhard Schulz
Georg Zimmermann
Franz Wosnitza
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sicowa Verfahrenstechnik fuer Baustoffe GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Sicowa Verfahrenstechnik fuer Baustoffe GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sicowa Verfahrenstechnik fuer Baustoffe GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Sicowa Verfahrenstechnik fuer Baustoffe GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP0487504A1 publication Critical patent/EP0487504A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0487504B1 publication Critical patent/EP0487504B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B3/00—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor
    • B28B3/20—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor wherein the material is extruded
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B11/00—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles
    • B28B11/24—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for curing, setting or hardening
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B7/00—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels
    • B28B7/40—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels characterised by means for modifying the properties of the moulding material
    • B28B7/42—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels characterised by means for modifying the properties of the moulding material for heating or cooling, e.g. steam jackets, by means of treating agents acting directly on the moulding material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B15/00—Details of, or accessories for, presses; Auxiliary measures in connection with pressing
    • B30B15/0088—Lubricating means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B15/00—Details of, or accessories for, presses; Auxiliary measures in connection with pressing
    • B30B15/34—Heating or cooling presses or parts thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B5/00—Presses characterised by the use of pressing means other than those mentioned in the preceding groups
    • B30B5/04—Presses characterised by the use of pressing means other than those mentioned in the preceding groups wherein the pressing means is in the form of an endless band
    • B30B5/06—Presses characterised by the use of pressing means other than those mentioned in the preceding groups wherein the pressing means is in the form of an endless band co-operating with another endless band
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
    • H05B6/46—Dielectric heating
    • H05B6/60—Arrangements for continuous movement of material

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for heating a strand guided in a channel formed by conveyor belts made of a conductive material that solidifies by heating, a capacitor plate arrangement which is connected to a high-frequency generator being arranged electrically insulated from the strand, the capacitor plate arrangement being two pairs of capacitor plates, which are connected to the potential-free connection of the high-frequency generator, is provided.
  • Such a device is known from EP-A-0085318, in which two capacitor plates are arranged on two opposite sides of the channel offset by approximately their length from one another, which are connected to a non-potential-free connection of the high-frequency generator, while on both sides adjacent to the two capacitor plates In each case two further capacitor plates are arranged, which are connected to the potential-free connection of the high-frequency generator and extend along the channel to such an extent that the strand is no longer at potential outside the heating range.
  • the heating of the strand is not sufficiently uniform and, as a result, it can lead to the formation of shells within the strand, which affects the homogeneity of the end product and thus its strength, if, for example, building materials to be hardened are heated.
  • DE-C-933 046 discloses a flow container designed as a cylindrical condenser for bulk material to be dried, granular and thus loose. Its overheating should be avoided by constant changes in the position of the bulk material caused by the flow container. However, this device is unsuitable for heating a strand of conductive material.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to provide a device of the type mentioned at the outset which enables uniform heating of the strand and prevents shell formation within the strand.
  • the object is achieved in that between the pairs of capacitor plates there is a cylindrical capacitor, consisting of a capacitor electrode surrounding the conveyor belts and at least one capacitor counter electrode located in the interior of the strand, which is arranged in the area of the surrounding capacitor electrode.
  • the skin effect in heating devices using high-frequency electrical energy is normally a second-order disturbance, it can become a dominant effect depending on the capacitor plate size.
  • the capacitor plates each from several, preferably two, partial plates which are at the same potential and whose adjacent edges are separated by a slot which is preferably kept as small as possible.
  • Fig. 1 shows essentially schematically and in perspective a strip strand system with a device for heating the strand.
  • the 1 comprises four belts 10, 11, 12 and 13, which are arranged such that they form a rectangular channel 14 between them.
  • the belts 10 to 13 are guided around rollers 15 and driven synchronously by means of a drive, not shown.
  • the tapes 10 to 13 are, if necessary, also supported adjacent to the channel 14 by support gratings, not shown, while the vertical tapes 12 and 13 can additionally be guided at their edges via slide rails.
  • the lower horizontal belt 10 is extended beyond the outlet end of the channel 14 and guided to the belt running control via a dancer roller 16.
  • a filling device e.g. a filling funnel 17, which is expediently arranged such that it can be moved out of the inlet region of the channel 14 by means of a piston-cylinder unit for cleaning.
  • the outlet opening of the filling funnel 17 is located in the inlet area of the channel 14.
  • a cutting device 18 is provided, which can be moved in the feed direction of the strip 10 from an initial position synchronously with the feed speed of the strip 10 and can be returned to the initial position after the cutting process has been carried out.
  • the cutting device 18 has a bracket 19, which receives a cutting wire 19a to and fro and is adjustable in the vertical direction in accordance with the cutting progress and can be moved with a slide 20.
  • a belt weighing line can follow the cutting device 18 be provided.
  • the tapes 10 to 13 consist of an electrically non-conductive plastic, while adjacent to the tapes 12 and 13, namely on the outside of the tape parts, which form the entrance area of the channel 14, a schematically illustrated capacitor plate arrangement 21 is provided, which is connected via corresponding lines 22 a high frequency generator 23 are connected.
  • a raw mixture for example consisting of quartz sand, lime, water, cement with an accelerator / retarder system and foam for the production of lime silicate stones
  • the raw mixture passes into the channel 14 and is conveyed through the belts 10 to 13 on the predetermined channel cross section kept.
  • the raw mixture in the duct 14 is heated, for example, to a temperature of 50 ° C. via the capacitor plate arrangement 21, so that the raw mixture solidifies due to the strengthening reactions of the cement that are set in motion.
  • the solidifying strand of raw mixture in channel 14 is conveyed through belts 10 to 13 to the outlet end of channel 14. A relative movement between the strand and the belts 10 to 13 and between the belts 10 to 13 does not take place here, so that the wear problems are minimal.
  • the tapes 10 to 13 are sprayed with a separating agent by spray devices 24 before they are deflected to the channel 14.
  • wipers 25 are provided, which remove any adhering material from the belts 10 to 13.
  • the solidified strand After the solidified strand exits the channel 14, it is transported further through the lower belt 10 and divided into individual stone blanks 26 by means of the cutting device 18.
  • the isolated stone blanks 26 can then optionally be weighed on a belt weighing line in order to be able to readjust the composition of the raw mixture in this way in order to ensure the most uniform possible To achieve cullet bulk density of the stone blanks 26.
  • the waste heat from the high-frequency generator 23 can be used by blowing hot air generated by the generator cooling, for example by means of a hood, onto the stone blanks 26 in order to harden them, so that these have a sufficiently high strength for subsequent transport to an autoclave, but they do not must be fully generated by the heating in the region of the capacitor plate assembly 21.
  • the length of the channel 14 is dimensioned such that the emerging strand has a desired strength, which may be increased to the necessary value by reheating with warm air from the generator cooling or another heat source.
  • the area of the channel 14 is expediently accommodated in a housing (not shown) which is at ground potential and which extends from the filling funnel 17 to the cutting device 18.
  • the belts 10 to 13 with their rollers 15 as well as support grids and sliding guides can be adjusted with respect to their belt levels so that the cross section of the channel 14 can be changed.
  • the length of the blanks 26 can be changed by the cycle of the cutting device 18.
  • the feed speed of the belts 10 to 13 is expediently adjustable, in particular continuously variable, in order to be able to adapt the feed speed to the heating speed and the size of the capacitor plate arrangement 21 accordingly.
  • the belt strand system is suitable, for example, for the production of blanks for wall blocks, in particular lightweight blocks, for example based on lime silicate, gas or foam concrete or made of coarse-ceramic material, the raw mixture containing large amounts of foam and water, so that body density down to 0.2 g / cm3 can be achieved.
  • capacitor plate arrangement 21 shown in the cross-sectional representation of FIGS. 2 and 3
  • two pairs of mutually opposing capacitor plates 30 are provided adjacent to the belts 12 and 13, with a cylinder capacitor consisting of one of the conveyor belts 10, 11, 12, 13 surrounding capacitor electrode 31 and a capacitor counterelectrode 32 located in the interior of the strand, which is arranged in the area of the surrounding capacitor electrode 31, so that in the longitudinal direction of the channel 14 on each of the two opposite sides a capacitor plate 30, the capacitor electrode 31 and one Follow capacitor plate 30 in succession.
  • the outer capacitor plates 30 are connected to the potential-free connection (0) of the high-frequency generator 23 and extend along the channel 14 so far that the stray fields emanating from the cylindrical capacitor are picked up by the capacitor plates 30 on both sides, so that the strand within the channel 14 is free of contact voltage outside the heating area.
  • the capacitor electrode 31 is connected to the other non-potential-free connection (+) of the high-frequency generator 23.
  • the capacitor counter electrode 32 is connected to the floating connection (0) of the high-frequency generator 23.
  • the capacitor counterelectrode 32 is protected from the strand material located in the channel 14 by a sleeve 40 made of insulating plastic, the outer capacitor electrode 31 and the inner capacitor counterelectrode 32 being at different potentials or else symmetrical zero potentials.
  • the capacitor electrode 31 (and possibly also the capacitor plates 30) can consist of a plurality of sub-plates 31 a, 31 b arranged adjacent to one another in order to keep the skin effect in the strand material as low as possible.
  • the partial plates 31a, 31b are at the same potential, and their adjacent edges are separated by a slot 37, which can be as narrow as possible due to the same potential.
  • the concavity of the capacitor plate 30, 31 can be filled with a material 41 with the highest possible dielectric constant, so that its surface facing the corresponding band 10, 11, 12 or 13 is flat and abuts against it.
  • plastics have a dielectric constant in the order of magnitude of about 2 to 4 (with a loss factor tg ⁇ , which is extremely low, so that the plastic practically does not heat up)
  • materials such as calcium titanate are provided here, whose dielectric constant is much larger than 1. In addition, these materials show high dimensional stability and a low coefficient of thermal expansion.
  • FIG. 6 shows the normalized potential curve between two opposite capacitor plates for a plastic layer between the strand and the capacitor plate (dashed) and for a material 41 with a high dielectric constant between the strand and the capacitor plate (solid line). Obviously, there is a much smaller voltage drop across the capacitor plates in the latter case, which significantly increases operational reliability.
  • the strand material has a dielectric constant of approx. 40 to 80 and a noteworthy loss factor tg ⁇ , i.e. the continuous material can be heated particularly well by means of a high-frequency field.
  • the capacitor plates on the sides facing the strips with a plastic layer or to embed the capacitor plates in plastic in order to keep the wear of the strips moving along the capacitor plates low.
  • this plastic coating should be as thin as possible so as not to influence the stress profile too much.
  • the material 41 can be ground and polished on the side facing the belt.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Constitution Of High-Frequency Heating (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Control Of Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • General Induction Heating (AREA)
  • Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)

Claims (5)

  1. Dispositif pour le réchauffage d'un boudin, constitué en un matériau électriquement conducteur qui se solidifie par échauffement, transporté dans un canal (14) formé par des tapis transporteurs (10 à 13), dans lequel est prévu un agencement (21) de plaques de condensateur connecté à un générateur haute fréquence (23) et disposé de manière électriquement isolée par rapport au boudin, l'agencement (21) de plaques de condensateur présentant deux paires de plaques de condensateur (30) qui sont connectées à la borne de potentiel nul du générateur haute fréquence (23), caractérisé en ce qu'un condensateur cylindrique, constitué par une électrode de condensateur (31) qui enveloppe les tapis transporteurs (10 à 13) et par au moins une contre-électrode de condensateur (32) disposée à l'intérieur du boudin dans la zone de l'électrode de condensateur enveloppante (31), est disposé entre les paires de plaques de condensateur (30).
  2. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les plaques de condensateur de l'électrode de condensateur enveloppante (31) sont constituées par au moins deux plaques partielles (31a, 31b) qui sont séparées par une fente (37).
  3. Dispositif selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que les plaques de condensateur de l'électrode de condensateur enveloppante (31) présentent une concavité en direction du boudin, cette concavité étant remplie par un matériau électriquement isolant (41).
  4. Dispositif selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que le matériau électriquement isolant présente une constante diélectrique nettement supérieure à 1, de préférence supérieure à 100.
  5. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que les électrodes de condensateur (31, 32) se faisant face par rapport au boudin peuvent être portées à des potentiels symétriques par rapport au potentiel nul.
EP92101679A 1985-12-10 1986-12-09 Dispositif pour le chauffage d'un produit long en matériau conducteur électrique Expired - Lifetime EP0487504B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19853543569 DE3543569A1 (de) 1985-12-10 1985-12-10 Vorrichtung zum erwaermen eines strangs aus elektrisch leitfaehigem material
DE3543569 1985-12-10
EP86117107A EP0228615B1 (fr) 1985-12-10 1986-12-09 Dispositif pour réchauffer une billette en matériau conducteur électrique

Related Parent Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP86117107.2 Division 1986-12-09

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0487504A1 EP0487504A1 (fr) 1992-05-27
EP0487504B1 true EP0487504B1 (fr) 1994-10-26

Family

ID=6288080

Family Applications (4)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP92101680A Expired - Lifetime EP0486472B1 (fr) 1985-12-10 1986-12-09 Installation de chauffage d'un produit long en matériau électriquement conducteur
EP92101679A Expired - Lifetime EP0487504B1 (fr) 1985-12-10 1986-12-09 Dispositif pour le chauffage d'un produit long en matériau conducteur électrique
EP86117107A Expired - Lifetime EP0228615B1 (fr) 1985-12-10 1986-12-09 Dispositif pour réchauffer une billette en matériau conducteur électrique
EP92101681A Expired - Lifetime EP0485363B1 (fr) 1985-12-10 1986-12-09 Installation de chauffage d'un produit long en matériau électriquement conducteur

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP92101680A Expired - Lifetime EP0486472B1 (fr) 1985-12-10 1986-12-09 Installation de chauffage d'un produit long en matériau électriquement conducteur

Family Applications After (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP86117107A Expired - Lifetime EP0228615B1 (fr) 1985-12-10 1986-12-09 Dispositif pour réchauffer une billette en matériau conducteur électrique
EP92101681A Expired - Lifetime EP0485363B1 (fr) 1985-12-10 1986-12-09 Installation de chauffage d'un produit long en matériau électriquement conducteur

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (4) EP0486472B1 (fr)
AT (4) ATE114212T1 (fr)
DE (5) DE3543569A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3817831A1 (de) * 1988-05-26 1989-11-30 Sicowa Verfahrenstech Verfahren zur herstellung von bloecken
DE69018899D1 (de) * 1989-08-21 1995-06-01 Gen Electric Material mit einer hohen dielektrischen Konstante, das elektrischer Felder zum Erhitzen von Kunststoffen erzeugt.
DE102021121013A1 (de) 2021-08-12 2023-02-16 KB Engineering GmbH Verfahren zur Herstellung von ein- oder mehrschichtigen Formelementen, insbesondere von Wand- oder Steinelementen, sowie zugehörige Anlage

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2288269A (en) * 1941-06-04 1942-06-30 Compo Shoe Machinery Corp Electrostatic heating apparatus
DE858868C (de) * 1951-02-18 1952-12-11 Siemens Ag Verfahren zum Behandeln eines z. B. stueckfoermigen Gutes durch die Einwirkung einesWechselfeldes

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2712586A (en) * 1952-05-23 1955-07-05 Bostadsforskning Ab High frequency heating system
DE933046C (de) * 1953-04-19 1955-09-15 Siemens Ag Vorrichtung zum Behandeln von insbesondere koernigem Schuettgut durch ein Hochfrequenzfeld
AT184997B (de) * 1954-08-09 1956-03-10 Bostadsforskning Ab Einrichtung zur Hochfrequenzerhitzung von Werkstücken, die in Wagen, Schiebern od. dgl. durch eine Erhitzungsanlage befördert werden
EP0085318B1 (fr) * 1982-01-30 1987-09-09 SICOWA Verfahrenstechnik für Baustoffe GmbH & Co. KG Dispositif pour le chauffage d'une coulée en matériau conducteur électrique ainsi que son application

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2288269A (en) * 1941-06-04 1942-06-30 Compo Shoe Machinery Corp Electrostatic heating apparatus
DE858868C (de) * 1951-02-18 1952-12-11 Siemens Ag Verfahren zum Behandeln eines z. B. stueckfoermigen Gutes durch die Einwirkung einesWechselfeldes

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE81434T1 (de) 1992-10-15
DE3650076D1 (de) 1994-10-27
ATE113434T1 (de) 1994-11-15
EP0228615A3 (en) 1988-06-08
DE3650141D1 (de) 1994-12-22
DE3686938D1 (de) 1992-11-12
DE3543569A1 (de) 1987-06-11
EP0487504A1 (fr) 1992-05-27
DE3650115D1 (de) 1994-12-01
EP0485363B1 (fr) 1994-11-17
EP0485363A3 (en) 1992-05-27
EP0228615A2 (fr) 1987-07-15
ATE114212T1 (de) 1994-12-15
EP0485363A2 (fr) 1992-05-13
EP0486472A2 (fr) 1992-05-20
EP0486472B1 (fr) 1994-09-21
EP0228615B1 (fr) 1992-10-07
ATE112129T1 (de) 1994-10-15
EP0486472A3 (fr) 1992-05-27

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