EP0481191B1 - Appareil pour enlever des cigarettes de leur emballage - Google Patents

Appareil pour enlever des cigarettes de leur emballage Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0481191B1
EP0481191B1 EP91114064A EP91114064A EP0481191B1 EP 0481191 B1 EP0481191 B1 EP 0481191B1 EP 91114064 A EP91114064 A EP 91114064A EP 91114064 A EP91114064 A EP 91114064A EP 0481191 B1 EP0481191 B1 EP 0481191B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
compressing
cigarettes
pack
packaging
upsetting
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP91114064A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0481191A1 (fr
Inventor
Iain Stewart
Alfred Dr. Brinker
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Maschinenfabrik Fr Niepmann GmbH and Co
Fr Niepmann and Co Maschinenfabrik
Original Assignee
Maschinenfabrik Fr Niepmann GmbH and Co
Fr Niepmann and Co Maschinenfabrik
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Publication date
Application filed by Maschinenfabrik Fr Niepmann GmbH and Co, Fr Niepmann and Co Maschinenfabrik filed Critical Maschinenfabrik Fr Niepmann GmbH and Co
Publication of EP0481191A1 publication Critical patent/EP0481191A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0481191B1 publication Critical patent/EP0481191B1/fr
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24C—MACHINES FOR MAKING CIGARS OR CIGARETTES
    • A24C5/00—Making cigarettes; Making tipping materials for, or attaching filters or mouthpieces to, cigars or cigarettes
    • A24C5/36—Removing papers or other parts from defective cigarettes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B69/00—Unpacking of articles or materials, not otherwise provided for
    • B65B69/0033—Unpacking of articles or materials, not otherwise provided for by cutting

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for removing cigarettes from a packaging enclosing them with at least one knife cutting the packaging at right angles to the alignment of the cigarettes along an end face and a separation station for separating the cigarettes from the cut packaging before further processing, the separation station being two parallel ones Has side walls between which the packaging can be fixed.
  • the problem with cigarette production is often to open a large number of fully filled and packaged cigarette boxes. This can be done, for example, as part of a quality control, with a view to using the cigarettes for subsequent test trials, or because the cigarettes or the packaging are defective.
  • the tobacco in defective cigarette boxes should also be reused.
  • the individual cigarettes must therefore be removed from the cigarette boxes recognized as defective and removed from the normal production process in order to recover the valuable tobacco and to return it to the manufacturing process.
  • a generic device for emptying a package is known from US-A-2 470 236.
  • an end face of the packaging is partially cut open by a knife and then the packaging is moved by means of a carrier within the separating station to an ejection device.
  • the ejection device presses with a tongue on the side of the package opposite the cut side and thus pushes some of the cigarettes aligned transversely to the side walls of the separation station out of the package.
  • the packaging must then be moved to the end of the separation station.
  • this known device In addition to the carrier that moves the packaging within the separation station, this known device requires a separate ejection device in order to remove the cigarettes from the packaging. In addition to this increased construction effort, a complete emptying of the packaging is not necessarily guaranteed, since the front side of the packaging is only partially cut open, namely about a third, and it can therefore easily happen that cigarettes remain in the closed part of the packaging.
  • Another device for emptying packaging is known from DE-A-2 840 999.
  • the packaging which is shortened on one end face by means of a full cut, is moved along a curved path by a driver pin fastened to a chain in order to align the packaging with the cut side down.
  • the packaging is then pushed by a reciprocating piston between two rotating, flexible belts that transport the packaging to a vibrating device.
  • the packaging is emptied under the influence of the vibrating device acting on the flexible belts.
  • this known device In addition to the enormous construction costs of this known device with a curved track with chain drive as well as the flexible conveyor belts and an additional vibrating device, this known device has the disadvantage that it is not suitable for emptying hard box cardboard packaging, since these are not deformable by the flexible belts, so that the vibrating device alone cannot empty the packaging.
  • a device for removing cigarettes from the packaging surrounding them is known from US-A-3 386 320.
  • the cigarette boxes are cut open by a total of three disc knives, the first two cuts being made along the narrow long sides of the cigarette boxes, while a further cut is carried out at right angles to this.
  • This further cut is carried out as a full cut, in which the part of the cigarette box containing the filter of the cigarettes is separated from the part containing the valuable tobacco.
  • Both parts, now separated from each other, are fed to screening drums, in which there is a strong swirling and subsequent separation of the individual components, for example according to their different specific weights.
  • This known device requires a total of three knives arranged on different axes in order to cut open the cigarette boxes to such an extent that they can then be subjected to a process-related separation process in the sieve drums.
  • this known device has the disadvantage that a clean separation in packaging material on the one hand and cigarettes or cigarette paper on the other hand is not always possible with the help of the sieve drums. It cannot be excluded that components of the packaging, e.g. B. from cardboard, tinfoil or wrapping film into the tobacco.
  • the treatment in a sieve drum together with parts of the cigarette packaging for the tobacco cut is very demanding. Cigarette tobacco is particularly valuable the long-fiber portions, which, however, undergo undesirable comminution in the course of such a treatment, so that their value for reuse is reduced.
  • the difficult cuts and the complex opening process can only be carried out with packaging designed as a hard box.
  • a safe removal or exposure of the further packaging material which is usually located within cigarette boxes, e.g. Foil paper, not possible. This would either hinder the complete emptying of the packaging or be emptied together with the cigarettes, which would lead to the separation problems already described above.
  • the known device requires a very precise adjustment, which makes the device as a whole complicated.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a device for removing cigarettes from the packaging surrounding them, which with a simple structure, a safe separation between cigarettes on the one hand and the components the packaging, on the other hand, without the risk of crushing the long-fiber tobacco, which is particularly valuable with regard to reuse.
  • the solution to this problem is characterized in that the at least one knife cuts open the packaging with a full cut and in that the side walls of the separating station are designed as swash plates which can be swiveled from a horizontal to an oblique to vertical position, the mutually facing inner surfaces of which form swage surfaces, whereby the distance between the upsetting surfaces is less than the width of the packaging between their respective two narrow longitudinal sides parallel to the cigarettes, with which the packaging lies against the upsetting surfaces during the pivoting process in such a way that the large longitudinal sides of the packaging parallel to the cigarettes are due to of the minimum dimension between the width of the packaging and the distance between the upsetting surfaces, concave outwards and the cigarettes in the pivoted position can be removed from the packaging under the influence of gravity through the cut end face.
  • a device designed in this way enables a safe separation between the cigarettes on the one hand and the components of the packaging on the other.
  • the package opened by a cut along the end face is pivoted between the compression surfaces by preferably 90 ° so that the cigarettes slide out of the package through the open end face under the influence of gravity.
  • the cross section of the packaging increases, so that the individual cigarettes can separate from one another and from the inner surface of the packaging and slide out of the box under the influence of gravity. Up to this point in time, ie until the cigarettes have been completely removed from the box, there is no stress on the individual tobacco fibers, so that it is possible to gently separate them from the cigarette paper in a subsequent separation process.
  • the cigarette packs can be emptied after the part of the cigarette pack containing the cigarette filters has already been cut off, which results in the subsequent separation of tobacco and cigarette paper further simplified.
  • the packaging can be emptied between the two upsetting surfaces via that opening which is produced when the part of the cigarette box which receives the cigarette filters is cut off.
  • the upsetting surfaces can be moved against each other in a pulsating manner at least at the end of the pivoting process, so that even stuck cigarettes fall out under the effect of gravity.
  • the insertion of the packaging between the two upsetting surfaces is facilitated if, according to a further development of the invention, the upsetting surfaces in the region of their circumference each change into inclined inlet surfaces, the greatest distance from which corresponds at least to the width of the packaging between their respective two narrow longitudinal sides.
  • the upsetting surfaces are formed by the mutually facing surfaces of two parallel upsetting disks, which are rotatably mounted about a common axis.
  • the upsetting surfaces are formed by pocket-like depressions on the upsetting disks. These pocket-like depressions take up the narrow long sides of the packaging. As a result, even with unstable soft packs of cigarettes, the packaging can be securely compressed, swiveled and emptied without the risk of the packaging slipping or falling out prematurely.
  • the pocket-like depressions are preferably provided with an insertion bevel. This makes it easier to insert the packaging between the two upsetting surfaces.
  • the compression effect is improved if the boundary walls of the pocket-like depressions are chamfered at least in the area of the floor.
  • the compression surfaces formed by the pocket-like depressions are pivoted in a clocked manner by predeterminable angles of rotation. This enables exact coordination of the individual movements "inserting the packaging between the compression surfaces”, “pivoting” and “falling out of the cigarettes”.
  • Compression springs can be arranged between the upsetting disks and stops which limit the maximum distance between the upsetting disks and which are located on cross bars which penetrate the upsetting disks. In this way, it is possible to pulsatingly compress the upsetting disks to support the emptying process.
  • a pin which is pivotable on an axis of rotation parallel to the axis of the upsetting disks and can be swiveled into the cylindrical space between the upsetting disks. This is designed so that it only retains parts of the cigarette packaging, but does not hinder the falling out of the cigarettes.
  • the pin is preferably located at the end of a lever pivotably mounted on the axis of rotation, the shape of which, according to a preferred embodiment, is adapted to the outer contour of the upsetting disks. In this way, the lever prevents the packaging from moving sideways during the pivoting movement.
  • a flap which can be swiveled into the cylindrical space between upsetting disks and which in its swung-in position forms an inclined plane over which the cigarettes can slide into a provided collecting container.
  • both the pin attached to the lever and the flap must be removed from the pivoting range of the packaging, for which purpose the flap and lever are preferably coupled to one another.
  • the cut packaging is preferably fed into the area between the compression surfaces via a feed path by means of a slide which can be moved parallel to it.
  • the emptied packaging is separated from the compression surfaces.
  • the packaging is separated by means of two knives, which are designed as circular knives in a first variant, while a second variant uses a toothed jigsaw or band saw.
  • the cutting edges of the circular knives are preferably designed to be smooth so as to enable a smooth cut without the occurrence of packaging particles. Otherwise, such packaging particles could end up in the tobacco and reduce its value.
  • a suction device is arranged in the area of the knives, which removes the packaging particles resulting from the separation of the packaging from the cutting area.
  • the device for removing cigarettes shown in FIG. 1 from the packaging surrounding it consists of a cutting station 1 and a separating station 2.
  • the cutting station 1 has a cutting device 3 which consists of a common shaft 4 and two knives 5a, spaced thereon 5b exists.
  • FIG. 2 shows that the cigarette packages Z to be emptied are fed to the cutting station 1 via a magazine 6.
  • the lowest cigarette packaging Z in each case lies on a cutting table 7, by means of which this packaging is moved into the effective area of the knives 5a, 5b by means of a horizontally movable plunger 8 (see FIG. 1).
  • FIG. 1 shows that the knives 5a, 5b are arranged such that each cigarette packet Z is cut open with a total of two full cuts made at right angles to the alignment of the cigarettes.
  • the knife 5b separates the part of the cigarette box Z containing the cigarette filters F, while the other knife 5a separates the opposite end face S of the cigarette box Z.
  • the knife 5b is set similarly to knife 5a in such a way that it separates the other end face of the package Z.
  • the parts S and F pass through ejection chutes 9a, 9b into a common collecting container 10, while the part of the cigarette packaging containing the tobacco is pushed onto a horizontal feed path 11 arranged at right angles to the cutting table 7.
  • the fixed feed path 11 is designed in the form of an elongated, U-shaped sheet which surrounds an axis 12 approximately in the form of a semicircle.
  • the axis 12 is the common axis of rotation of two mutually coupled swash plates 13a, 13b, the structure of which is explained in more detail below.
  • Each of the two upsetting disks 13a, 13b consists of a circular plate which, in the area of its circumference, has an inclined inlet surface 14 in the form of a flat bevel on its inside assigned to the respective other upsetting disk.
  • the mutually facing surfaces of the upsetting disks 13a, 13b form upsetting surfaces 15a, 15b which merge into the inlet surface 14 in their outer region. It is crucial for the construction of the separation station 2 that the distance between the upsetting surfaces 15a, 15b from each other is less than the width B of the cigarette packaging Z between their respective two narrow longitudinal sides 16.
  • Each of the upsetting disks 13a, 13b therefore has a minimum dimension shown in FIG. 1 M compared to the corresponding dimension of the packaging Z. This minimum dimension M is only a few millimeters on each side.
  • the packaging Z is transported along the feed path 11 to the area between the two upsetting disks 13a, 13b by means of a slide 17 which is movable parallel to the feed path 11.
  • the inclined inlet surfaces 14 facilitate the insertion of the packaging between the two upsetting surfaces 15a, 15b.
  • the two upsetting disks 13a, 13b are connected to one another via a total of four transverse rods 18 arranged parallel to the axis.
  • the cross bars 18 have stops 19 at their ends, which rest on the outer sides of the upsetting disks 13a, 13b and thus limit their greatest possible distance.
  • the stops can be designed to be adjustable so as to be able to adjust the spacing of the upsetting disks 13a, 13b in this way.
  • Compression springs 20 are located on the cross bars 18 on both upsetting surfaces 15a, 15b under pressure and thus act on the upsetting disks 13a, 13b against the stops 19.
  • An eccentric 21 is arranged on a fixed axis of rotation in the immediate vicinity of the one upsetting disk 13a and, with appropriate rotation, applies a periodic pressure to the outer surface exerts the upsetting surface 13a and can thus set it in a shaking motion.
  • the separating station 2 works in the following way:
  • the package Z which has already been cut open via the slide 17 along the feed path 11, comes completely between the two upsetting disks 13a, 13b and is there due to the between the narrow longitudinal sides 16 of the package and the upsetting surfaces 15a, 15b existing friction clamped. Since the distance between the compression surfaces 15a, 15b from one another is less than the width B of the packaging Z, the packaging Z bulges in the manner shown in the lower part of FIG. the large long sides of packaging Z bulge outwards in a concave manner. If the upsetting disks 13a, 13b are then rotated by approximately 90 °, the packaging Z swings into the position shown in the lower part of FIG. 1 or in the left part of FIG.
  • a flap 22 is located below the upsetting disks 13a, 13b the upsetting disks 13a, 13b and is swung out of this area after the emptying process has ended so as not to impede the further movement of the now emptied packaging between the two upsetting disks 13a, 13b.
  • a pin 23 engages under the open end face of the packaging in order in this way to also empty packaging parts, e.g. Tinfoil to prevent.
  • the pin 23 does not interfere with the falling-out cigarettes because of its inclined position.
  • the pin 23 is arranged at the outer end of a lever 24 which is pivotably mounted on an axis of rotation 25 parallel to the axis 12.
  • the shape of the lever 24 is roughly adapted to the outer contour of the upsetting disks 13a, 13b and is therefore suitable for additionally guiding the packaging.
  • the lever 24 is pivoted back with the pin 23 before the emptied packaging is transported further by clocked further rotation of the upsetting disks 13a, 13b.
  • the packaging Z is usually released from its clamping position between the two upsetting disks 13a, 13b by pushing it against a fixed scraper 26 during further transport, which is formed by the lower part of the feed path 11 which is guided in a U-shape around the axis 12.
  • the stripped packages Z arrive in the same collecting container 10, into which the packaging parts separated in the cutting station 1 are also guided.
  • FIGS. 1 to 3 an embodiment variant of the device is shown.
  • the knives 5a, 5b used in the form of circular knives used in the first variant according to FIGS. 1 to 3 are replaced by a toothed band saw or jigsaw.
  • a toothed band saw or jigsaw At the Particles and particles of the packaging Z that occur during the cutting process are removed from the cutting area with the aid of a suction device 27 and therefore cannot get into the tobacco.
  • Fig. 4 shows that in this embodiment, the upsetting disks 13a, 13b are not flat on their inside, but each have four pocket-like depressions 28 arranged at 90 ° to each other.
  • the upsetting surfaces 15a, 15b are each formed on the bottom 29 of the pocket-like depressions 28.
  • the bottom 29 is each provided with a bevel 30 in the region of its edge.
  • each of the upsetting surfaces 15a, 15b of the pocket-like depressions 28 is provided with an inlet surface 14, which facilitates the insertion of the package Z between the two upsetting surfaces 15a, 15b.
  • the packaging Z is released from its clamping position between the compression surfaces 15a, 15b of the pocket-like depressions 28 by the packaging Z pushing against the stationary scraper 26 during further transport.
  • the stripped packs Z in turn get into the collecting container 10.

Claims (25)

  1. Dispositif pour enlever les cigarettes d'un emballage (Z) qui les entoure, comprenant un couteau, qui ouvre l'emballage perpendiculairement à l'orientation des cigarettes le long de l'une des faces frontales, et comprenant une station de séparation (2) pour séparer les cigarettes de l'emballage ouvert avant leur traitement ultérieur, la station de séparation comportant deux parois latérales (13a, 13b) entre lesquelles l'emballage (Z) peut être immobilisé, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins un couteau (5a, 5b) ouvre l'emballage (Z) en le découpant complètement, et en ce que les parois latérales de la station de séparation (2) sont conçues sous la forme de disques d'écrasement (13a, 13b) qui peuvent pivoter d'une position horizontale vers une position inclinée à verticale et dont les faces intérieures en vis-à-vis forment des surfaces d'écrasement (15a, 15b), l'écartement des surfaces d'écrasement (15a, 15b) étant inférieur à la largeur (B) de l'emballage (Z) entre ses deux grands côtés étroits (16) qui sont parallèles aux cigarettes et par lesquels l'emballage (Z) est en contact avec les surfaces d'écrasement (15a, 15b) lors du pivotement, de façon que les grands côtés larges, parallèles aux cigarettes, de l'emballage (Z) se bombent vers l'extérieur sous forme concave en raison de la dimension supérieure (M) de l'emballage (Z) dans sa largeur (B) par rapport à l'écartement des surfaces d'écrasement (15a, 15b), et de façon que les cigarettes amenées en position de pivotement puissent, sous l'influence de la gravité, être retirées de l'emballage (Z) à travers la face frontale ouverte (S).
  2. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins à la fin du pivotement, les surfaces d'écrasement (15a, 15b) peuvent être déplacées l'une contre l'autre de manière saccadée.
  3. Dispositif selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que, dans la zone de leur périphérie, les surfaces d'écrasement (15a, 15b) se prolongent chacune par des surfaces d'entrée inclinées (14) dont l'écartement maximum correspond au moins à la largeur (B) de l'emballage (Z) entre ses deux grands côtés étroits (16).
  4. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, 2 ou la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que les surfaces d'écrasement (15a, 15b) sont formées par les faces en vis-à-vis de deux disques d'écrasement parallèles (13a, 13b) qui sont montés en rotation autour d'un axe commun (12).
  5. Dispositif selon au moins l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que les surfaces d'écrasement (15a, 15b) sont formées chacune dans le fond (29) de renfoncements en forme de poches (28) ménagés dans les disques d'écrasement (13a, 13b) pour recevoir les grands côtés étroits (16), parallèles aux cigarettes, des emballages (Z).
  6. Dispositif selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que les renfoncements en forme de poches (28) comportent une surface d'entrée inclinée (14).
  7. Dispositif selon la revendication 5 ou 6, caractérisé en ce que les parois de délimitation des renfoncements en forme de poches (28) sont biseautées au moins dans la zone du fond (29).
  8. Dispositif selon la revendication 5, 6 ou 7, caractérisé en ce que les surfaces d'écrasement (15a, 15b) formées par les renfoncements en forme de poches (28) pivotent de manière cadencée selon des angles de rotation prédéfinis.
  9. Dispositif selon au moins l'une des revendications 4 à 8, caractérisé par plusieurs ressorts de pression (20) disposés entre les disques d'écrasement (13a, 13b) ainsi que par des butées (19) qui limitent l'écartement maximal des disques d'écrasement (13a, 13b) et qui sont montées sur des entretoises (18) traversant les disques d'écrasement (13a, 13b).
  10. Dispositif selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que les entretoises (18) traversent les ressorts de pression (20).
  11. Dispositif selon la revendication 9 ou la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce que les butées (19) sont réglables.
  12. Dispositif selon au moins l'une des revendications 4 à 11, caractérisé par une tige (23) qui est montée pivotante sur un axe de rotation (25) parallèle à l'axe (12) et qui, en pivotant, peut pénétrer dans l'espace cylindrique compris entre les disques d'écrasement (13a, 13b).
  13. Dispositif selon la revendication 12, caractérisé en ce que la tige (23) est fixée à l'extrémité d'un levier (24) monté pivotant sur l'axe de rotation (25).
  14. Dispositif selon la revendication 13, caractérisé en ce que la forme du levier (24) est adaptée au contour extérieur du disque d'écrasement (13a, 13b).
  15. Dispositif selon la revendication 13, caractérisé par un volet (22) qui, en pivotant, peut pénétrer, sous le levier (24), dans l'espace cylindrique compris entre les disques d'écrasement (13a, 13b) et qui, en position pénétrante, forme un plan incliné.
  16. Dispositif selon la revendication 15, caractérisé en ce que le volet (22) et le levier (24) sont accouplés l'un à l'autre, de façon que le volet (22) ne fasse pivoter la tige (23) qu'à la fin de son déplacement.
  17. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par une piste d'alimentation (11) qui est destinée aux emballages ouverts (Z) et qui s'étend sensiblement horizontalement jusque dans la zone comprise entre les surfaces d'écrasement (15a, 15b).
  18. Dispositif selon la revendication 17, caractérisé par un poussoir (17) qui peut se déplacer parallèlement à la piste d'alimentation (11) et qui est destiné à l'acheminement des emballages ouverts (Z).
  19. Dispositif selon la revendication 17 ou la revendication 18, caractérisé par un diviseur (26) qui est solidarisé entre les surfaces d'écrasement (15a, 15b) sous la piste d'alimentation (11).
  20. Dispositif selon au moins l'une des revendications 1 à 19, caractérisé en ce, pour ouvrir l'emballage (Z), il est prévu deux couteaux (5a, 5b) dont l'un découpe la face frontale inférieure (S) de l'emballage et l'autre la face frontale supérieure de l'emballage ou, en présence de cigarettes à bout filtre, la partie (F) contenant le filtre de l'emballage (Z).
  21. Dispositif selon la revendication 20, caractérisé en ce que les couteaux (5a, 5b) sont conçus sous la forme de couteaux circulaires.
  22. Dispositif selon la revendication 21, caractérisé en ce que les couteaux circulaires possèdent une lame lisse.
  23. Dispositif selon la revendication 21, caractérisé en ce que les couteaux circulaires possèdent une lame dentée.
  24. Dispositif selon la revendication 20, caractérisé en ce que les couteaux (5a, 5b) sont conçus sous la forme d'une scie dentée à ruban ou sauteuse.
  25. Dispositif selon la revendication 23 ou 24, caractérisé en ce qu'un dispositif d'aspiration (27) est disposé dans la zone des couteaux (5a, 5b).
EP91114064A 1990-09-12 1991-08-22 Appareil pour enlever des cigarettes de leur emballage Expired - Lifetime EP0481191B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE9012972U DE9012972U1 (fr) 1990-09-12 1990-09-12
DE9012972U 1990-09-12

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0481191A1 EP0481191A1 (fr) 1992-04-22
EP0481191B1 true EP0481191B1 (fr) 1995-06-14

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US (1) US5275523A (fr)
EP (1) EP0481191B1 (fr)
DE (2) DE9012972U1 (fr)

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EP0481191A1 (fr) 1992-04-22
DE59105702D1 (de) 1995-07-20
US5275523A (en) 1994-01-04
DE9012972U1 (fr) 1990-11-15

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