EP0479042B1 - Beleuchtungsanordnung - Google Patents

Beleuchtungsanordnung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0479042B1
EP0479042B1 EP91115810A EP91115810A EP0479042B1 EP 0479042 B1 EP0479042 B1 EP 0479042B1 EP 91115810 A EP91115810 A EP 91115810A EP 91115810 A EP91115810 A EP 91115810A EP 0479042 B1 EP0479042 B1 EP 0479042B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
arrangement according
lighting arrangement
reflectors
viewing distance
light source
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP91115810A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0479042A3 (en
EP0479042A2 (de
Inventor
Christian Bartenbach
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=6415521&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=EP0479042(B1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0479042A2 publication Critical patent/EP0479042A2/de
Publication of EP0479042A3 publication Critical patent/EP0479042A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0479042B1 publication Critical patent/EP0479042B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V14/00—Controlling the distribution of the light emitted by adjustment of elements
    • F21V14/04—Controlling the distribution of the light emitted by adjustment of elements by movement of reflectors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S8/00—Lighting devices intended for fixed installation
    • F21S8/08—Lighting devices intended for fixed installation with a standard
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V7/00—Reflectors for light sources
    • F21V7/0008—Reflectors for light sources providing for indirect lighting

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a lighting arrangement with an optical device that breaks down light from a light source into a plurality of partial beams, and with a surface to be illuminated, onto which the light is directed, several partial beams being directed onto each partial surface of the surface and at the output of the optical Individual lighting surfaces are perceptible at a viewing distance.
  • Such a lighting arrangement is known from CH 627 252 A.
  • the light beam from a reflector lamp is directed against a reflector arrangement which has a large number of individual reflectors.
  • Each individual reflector is designed so that it illuminates the entire area to be illuminated.
  • the viewer of the reflector sees the image of the lamp in each individual reflector, but the light intensity of each image is only a fraction of the light intensity of the lamp corresponding to the number of reflectors.
  • the reduced light intensity, which the viewer perceives in each individual image is intended to avoid glare.
  • Such a lighting arrangement has proven itself in illuminating rooms up to a certain order of magnitude.
  • a transfer of such a lighting arrangement to larger areas, such as open spaces or larger halls, has so far failed due to the lack of ability of the lighting arrangement to provide enough light for the illumination.
  • the advantageous effect of the reduced light intensity of the image of the light source disappears in the reflector. So there is a blinding effect again.
  • the lighting arrangement In the case of lighting tasks, there are basically two distances to be distinguished from the lighting arrangement. First, there is the distance at which the area to be illuminated is located. At this distance, the lighting arrangement must provide enough light to achieve a desired brightness. The brightness can depend on several factors. For example, in a production hall in which production processes to be monitored visually take place, greater brightness will be required than in a large open space, such as a parking lot or a shipping yard. On the other hand, it should be noted that the eyes of people who are in the room to be illuminated are not always at the level of the area to be illuminated. This is obvious if the surface to be illuminated is the floor, since the eyes of the person are then about 1.5 to 2 m closer to the lighting arrangement.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a lighting arrangement with which a glare can be largely avoided even at high illuminance.
  • the two luminous surfaces then each stimulate only a single sensory cell on the retina, but the two sensory cells are adjacent, so that the contrast enhancement described above takes place again.
  • the minimum distance between two illuminated areas also depends on the distance between the viewers. It can be smaller with a small viewing distance than with a large viewing distance.
  • the sizes g, K and s depend on the illuminant used. For example, for halogen g is in the order of 0.5 to 0.7, K in the order of 8 to 9 and s in the order of 0.01 to 0.03. For high pressure sodium vapor as the illuminant, K is smaller and s larger, for high pressure mercury vapor as the illuminant, g is greater, K smaller and lower than for halogen. Exact values for the individual illuminants can easily be determined, for example, by simple experiments in which the glare effect is determined for different test subjects.
  • the maximum size of the luminous area is selected as a function of a luminous means used in the light source. It is assumed that the perception of glare is influenced, among other things, by the color of the light, which is determined by the illuminant used in the light source.
  • B is selected as a function of the sensation of glare that is reasonable in the viewing distance.
  • the optical device has a reflector arrangement with a multiplicity of adjustable reflectors.
  • the number of reflectors can be several hundred. This ensures that a large number of non-glare Luminous surfaces can be generated, which nevertheless produce sufficient brightness in the surface to be illuminated.
  • the adjustability of the reflectors provides a high degree of flexibility, so that the same reflector arrangement can be used for a large number of lighting tasks.
  • the manufacture of the reflector arrangement is simpler since the distance between adjacent luminous surfaces can be set at the place of installation. There is no need for complex alignments of a large number of reflectors during production.
  • the reflectors are adjustable in groups.
  • the distance between individual luminous surfaces can still be set for smaller groups with reasonable effort in that the reflectors of a group have a predetermined orientation to one another.
  • the adjustment in groups at the installation site is then simplified by the group-wise adjustment.
  • a group of collectively adjustable reflectors is arranged on a common carrier, a plurality of carriers being arranged in a frame and each carrier being adjustable in the frame.
  • a basic setting can be achieved by aligning the frame, for example in such a way that the light from the light source is directed onto the surface to be illuminated.
  • the individual luminous surfaces are then adjusted by adjusting the individual supports in the frame, as a result of which the individual groups of reflectors are adjusted.
  • the carrier can be pivoted in two directions in the frame. This allows the reflectors to be set so that the surface to be illuminated can be illuminated evenly or with a focus, as desired.
  • the pivot axes run substantially in the middle of the carrier.
  • the reflectors remain essentially the same distance from the light source even after pivoting. It is practically not necessary to compensate for the different distances of individual reflectors to the light source caused by the inclination by other measures.
  • a carrier advantageously has four to eight reflectors.
  • a group with four to eight reflectors can be constructed relatively easily so that a viewer can clearly distinguish between adjacent light surfaces. This is also possible with larger reflector groups, but in any case involves a higher construction effort.
  • the reflectors are dome-shaped.
  • a viewer perceives the virtual mirror image of the light source on each dome as a luminous surface.
  • the luminous surface on the reflector is greatly reduced compared to the luminous surface of the light source. This measure enables relatively small luminous area sizes and relatively large luminous area spacings to be achieved.
  • the light source has a plurality of emitters.
  • the spotlights throw their light in only one direction. If this direction does not aim at the surface to be illuminated, i.e. does not hit a viewer at a distance from the viewing area, there is no risk of glare from direct radiation.
  • the plurality of spotlights also generates a plurality of light areas on the reflector arrangement. Each light surface contributes to increasing the brightness of the surface to be illuminated. However, the individual light areas can be kept small enough to avoid glare.
  • the radiators are arranged at a distance from one another.
  • the distance that the radiators have from one another is found on the reflector arrangement.
  • the virtual mirror images of the individual radiators then have the desired minimum distance from one another.
  • the optical device has a lens arrangement.
  • the division of the light beam from the light source into several individual light areas can be achieved not only with reflectors, but also with a suitable arrangement of lenses which, as required, scatter or bundle the light.
  • the lens arrangement has individual lenses, the optical axes of which can be adjusted individually or in groups.
  • the optical axes of which can be adjusted individually or in groups.
  • the light source advantageously has a luminance of more than 100,000 cd / m. With luminances that begin in this order of magnitude, a relatively high brightness can be achieved in the area to be illuminated. The luminance can be increased practically indefinitely. Tests have shown that even at a luminance of 15,000,000 cd / m there is no significant or unpleasant glare.
  • a lighting arrangement 1 has a light source 2 which is attached to a mast 3.
  • the light source 2 has a large number of radiators 4, three of which are shown schematically.
  • the radiators are arranged on a platform 5.
  • the light beams 6 generated by them are directed vertically upwards, i.e. roughly parallel to the mast.
  • a reflector arrangement 7 is attached to the mast above the platform 5. The reflector arrangement is so large that it completely catches the light beams 6 emitted by the light source 2. At most, the emitters 4 on the edge of the platform 5 can guide a very small part of their light beam 6 past the reflector arrangement 7.
  • the reflector arrangement has a multiplicity of individual reflectors 8 which are dome-shaped. Sixteen individual reflectors are shown, which are arranged in an arrangement of four by four. In reality, the reflector arrangement has several hundred, for example 400, individual reflectors.
  • the virtual mirror image of the emitters 4 on the individual reflector 8 is reduced.
  • An observer at a viewing distance a perceives the virtual mirror image as a luminous surface. Since the viewer sees several individual reflectors 8 at the same time, he perceives a corresponding number of luminous surfaces 9, 10. However, this also means that a large number of light beams are directed at the point at which the viewer is located, so that there is sufficient brightness at this point or on the surface to be illuminated.
  • the individual reflectors 8 are designed such that the luminous surfaces 9, 10 do not exceed a predetermined size.
  • Each luminous area 9, 10 is limited by its largest dimension D.
  • the largest dimension D is the largest dimension of the illuminated area. In the simplest case of a circular illuminated area, the largest dimension D corresponds to the diameter of the illuminated area.
  • the sizes g, K and s are dependent on the illuminant used in the light source 2. In general it can be said that 0.5 ⁇ g ⁇ 0.9 6 ⁇ K ⁇ 9 1 ⁇ B ⁇ 6 0 ⁇ s ⁇ 0.3.
  • the value B is chosen as a function of the subjective glare of a viewer at the viewing distance a.
  • the size of the illuminated area is selected so that the viewer perceives a large number of very brightly illuminated areas, but sees them as sparkling. When viewed, the reflector appears like a very clear night sky, on which the star density is very high. However, the size of the illuminated area is not the only criterion for freedom from glare.
  • Fig. 3 illustrates this relationship.
  • a viewer located at viewing distance a that is to say a viewer who is in a viewing plane 11, can distinguish two adjacent illuminated surfaces 9, 10 if the solid angle y is greater than 10 arc minutes.
  • the light source has a luminance of more than 100,000 cd / m.
  • the light density can also assume values of 15,000,000 cd / m. In this case, the viewer perceives very brightly illuminated areas. Despite the high light intensity of these luminous areas, the luminous areas do not lead to glare as long as the predetermined maximum luminous area size is not exceeded and the minimum luminous area distance is not exceeded.
  • Glare can also occur with indirect glare, for example on wet floors, through metal or glass parts or through light surfaces such as paper or markings. At most, the viewer can use these reflecting surfaces as a mirror image of the reflector arrangement with a large number of brightly shining points after the reflection having the same distance from one another generated in the reflector arrangement, there is no fear of glare here.
  • the size of the luminous surfaces 9, 10 can be determined on the one hand by the spherical shape, but on the other hand by the distance of the spotlights 4 from the Influence reflector arrangement 7.
  • a limiting factor here is that the emitters must not be arranged so deep that an observer accidentally looks directly into them can.
  • a glare effect can, however, be avoided here by suitable shielding measures or by largely aligning the light beams 6 from the beams 4. In this way it is possible to achieve high luminance levels without having to use high masts to illuminate the area to be illuminated. High masts cannot be used in some areas, for example in buildings or in tunnels or on the apron of an airport.
  • the reflector arrangement 7 has several hundred individual reflectors 8.
  • the individual reflectors 8 are in groups of four individual reflectors summarized. Each group is arranged on a carrier 12.
  • the carriers 12 are in turn arranged in a frame 13 which is attached to the mast 3.
  • Each carrier 12 is rotatably supported in a subframe with the help of pivots.
  • the pivots 15 are arranged essentially in the middle of the carrier.
  • each carrier 12 can be pivoted about a vertical axis relative to the auxiliary frame 14.
  • the subframe 14 has horizontally arranged pivot pins 16 about which the subframe 14 can be pivoted in the frame 13.
  • the pivots 16 form an axis which likewise runs essentially in the center of the carrier 12 and intersects the axis formed by the pivots 15 at an angle of approximately 90 °.
  • the carrier 12 can thus be pivoted relative to the frame 13 in two different directions. Because the pivot axes run approximately in the middle of the carrier, the distance from the light source 2 changes only insignificantly when the carrier 12 is pivoted. The change in distance is so small that measures to compensate for a possible error can practically be omitted.
  • the individual reflectors 8 on a carrier 12 can be of identical design. Likewise, all supports can have the same reflectors. During production, it is only necessary to ensure that the four virtual mirror images of the light source 2, that is to say the four luminous surfaces which arise on the four individual reflectors 8, do not exceed the maximum size and do not fall below the minimum distance. The further adjustment, ie the alignment of the other reflectors 8, which are not arranged on the same support 12, can take place as soon as the reflector arrangement 7 is installed on the mast. For example, the reflector arrangement 7 can then be aligned such that an observer located at one point can only perceive illuminated surfaces 9, 10 on every second or third carrier 12.
  • the lighting arrangement can be realized not only with the aid of reflectors as optical devices that reflect the light back, but also with a lens arrangement that let the light through from a light source 102 and thereby scatter it.
  • a lens arrangement that let the light through from a light source 102 and thereby scatter it.
  • the light source 102 illuminates a first lens 40, which scatters the received light and forwards it to lenses 41, 42, 43 of a second lens plane.
  • the lenses 41 to 43 of the second lens plane in turn scatter the received light and pass it on to lenses 44, 45, 46, 47 of a third lens plane.
  • the lenses 40 to 47 are each connected to one another only by a single light beam. In reality, of course, it is not a point beam, but a beam with a finite spatial extension.
  • the shape of the lenses 40 to 47 can easily be determined by the person skilled in the art if he takes into account that at the output of the lenses 44 to 47 only those luminous areas may be created which do not exceed a predetermined size, but which maintain a predetermined minimum distance from one another. Additional lens planes can also be used.
  • the optical axes of the lenses can be adjusted individually or in groups.
  • the lenses 44, 45 or 46 and 47 can be adjusted together.
  • Such an arrangement with diffusing and / or converging lenses is always appropriate if the light source in a reflector arrangement would have to be arranged in an area that is required by the viewer.
  • the light source 102 can be arranged above the lens arrangement 40 to 47. There is no danger of a very hot or directly blinding light source in the danger area.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Non-Portable Lighting Devices Or Systems Thereof (AREA)
  • Vehicle Body Suspensions (AREA)
  • Polarising Elements (AREA)
  • Seal Device For Vehicle (AREA)
  • Projection Apparatus (AREA)
  • Lighting Device Outwards From Vehicle And Optical Signal (AREA)
EP91115810A 1990-10-04 1991-09-18 Beleuchtungsanordnung Expired - Lifetime EP0479042B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4031302 1990-10-04
DE4031302A DE4031302C2 (de) 1990-10-04 1990-10-04 Beleuchtungsanordnung mit einer Lichtquelle und einer optischen Einrichtung

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0479042A2 EP0479042A2 (de) 1992-04-08
EP0479042A3 EP0479042A3 (en) 1992-08-05
EP0479042B1 true EP0479042B1 (de) 1996-04-10

Family

ID=6415521

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP91115810A Expired - Lifetime EP0479042B1 (de) 1990-10-04 1991-09-18 Beleuchtungsanordnung

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US5219445A (ja)
EP (1) EP0479042B1 (ja)
JP (1) JPH0743963B2 (ja)
AT (1) ATE136632T1 (ja)
DE (1) DE4031302C2 (ja)
DK (1) DK0479042T3 (ja)
ES (1) ES2086450T3 (ja)
GR (1) GR3020249T3 (ja)

Families Citing this family (26)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5432504A (en) * 1993-03-19 1995-07-11 Shaw; John B. Visual display terminal device & method for eye strain reduction
KR0150999B1 (ko) * 1994-10-28 1998-12-15 김광호 평행광 조명장치
EP0735311A1 (de) * 1995-03-31 1996-10-02 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Beleuchtungssystem für einen Innenraum
EP0836046B1 (de) * 1996-10-02 1999-07-21 Siteco Beleuchtungstechnik GmbH Aussenleuchte mit Sekundärtechnik
EP0846915B1 (de) * 1996-12-04 2003-08-27 Siteco Beleuchtungstechnik GmbH Innenraumleuchte
DE29709589U1 (de) 1997-06-02 1997-09-04 Korsch, Alfred, 47918 Tönisvorst Lichtwerfer
DE19821721C2 (de) * 1998-05-14 2000-08-03 Siteco Beleuchtungstech Gmbh Standleuchte für Innenräume
AU3710401A (en) * 2000-02-29 2001-09-12 Christian Bartenbach Pole-mounted lamp
ATE516467T1 (de) 2002-10-15 2011-07-15 Siteco Beleuchtungstech Gmbh Reflektor mit strukturierter oberfläche, sowie leuchte und sekundärbeleuchtungssystem mit einem solchen reflektor
US20050106301A1 (en) * 2003-09-24 2005-05-19 Curt Jones Method and apparatus for cryogenically manufacturing ice cream
US7316122B1 (en) 2004-01-06 2008-01-08 Dippin' Dots, Inc. Tray for producing particulate food products
DE102004026160B4 (de) * 2004-05-28 2015-10-22 Siteco Beleuchtungstechnik Gmbh Beleuchtungssystem zur Erzeugung einer variablen Lichtverteilung
US20060062877A1 (en) * 2004-09-21 2006-03-23 Curt Jones Method and apparatus for storing food products
US20060093719A1 (en) * 2004-11-01 2006-05-04 Dippin' Dots, Inc. Particulate ice cream dot sandwich
US20070134394A1 (en) * 2005-12-12 2007-06-14 Dippin' Dots, Inc. Method of manufacturing particulate ice cream for storage in conventional freezers
US20070140044A1 (en) * 2005-12-15 2007-06-21 Dippin' Dots, Inc. Combined particulate and traditional ice cream
US20070140043A1 (en) * 2005-12-16 2007-06-21 Stan Jones Method and apparatus of combining food particles and ice cream
DE202006004481U1 (de) 2006-03-21 2006-05-24 Siteco Beleuchtungstechnik Gmbh LED-Scheinwerfer und Beleuchtungssystem mit einem solchen Scheinwerfer
DE102008019944A1 (de) * 2008-04-21 2009-10-29 Christian Bartenbach Tunnelleuchte sowie Tunnelbeleuchtungssystem mit einer Vielzahl solcher Tunnelleuchten
WO2010005472A2 (en) * 2008-06-16 2010-01-14 Light Prescriptions Innovators, Llc Multi-reflector led light source with cylindrical heat sink
WO2015087116A1 (en) 2013-12-13 2015-06-18 Dmy Mühendi̇sli̇k Elektri̇k Maki̇ne İnşaat Ve Bi̇li̇şi̇m San. Ti̇c. Ltd. Şti̇. A reflector for illumination
KR20160047060A (ko) * 2014-10-21 2016-05-02 삼성전자주식회사 조명장치
JP2016194880A (ja) * 2015-04-02 2016-11-17 谷口商会株式会社 信号機
DE102015006194A1 (de) * 2015-05-15 2016-11-17 Diehl Aerospace Gmbh Einrichtung, System und Verfahren zur Beleuchtung einer Zielfläche
EP3301500B1 (fr) * 2016-09-29 2023-09-06 Valeo Vision Système d'éclairage de véhicule automobile et véhicule automobile
DE102019114526A1 (de) * 2019-05-29 2020-12-03 Bartenbach Holding Gmbh Leuchte

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US569503A (en) * 1896-10-13 Adjustable reflecting-screen
US2471954A (en) * 1946-05-27 1949-05-31 Harvey Walter James Reflecting and focusing apparatus with pivotally adjustable spaced apart reflecting members for heat and light rays
US2968033A (en) * 1957-04-22 1961-01-10 James S Kreitzberg Reflector
FR1399448A (fr) * 1963-06-25 1965-05-14 Thomson Houston Comp Francaise Perfectionnements apportés à un réflecteur destiné à l'éclairage
FR1405314A (fr) * 1964-05-26 1965-07-09 Anciens Etablissements Huet & éclairage artificiel d'une surface déterminée
DE2362479A1 (de) * 1973-12-15 1975-06-19 Cima International Distributio Deckenleuchte
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JPS5753001A (en) * 1980-09-13 1982-03-29 Matsushita Electric Works Ltd Illuminator
DE3324028A1 (de) * 1983-07-04 1985-01-17 Christian 8000 München Bartenbach Leuchte mit einer lichtquelle hoher leuchtdichte
DE9006883U1 (de) * 1990-06-19 1990-08-23 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Reflektoranordnung

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2086450T3 (es) 1996-07-01
JPH04262302A (ja) 1992-09-17
GR3020249T3 (en) 1996-09-30
JPH0743963B2 (ja) 1995-05-15
DK0479042T3 (da) 1996-06-24
EP0479042A3 (en) 1992-08-05
EP0479042A2 (de) 1992-04-08
DE4031302C2 (de) 1996-04-11
ATE136632T1 (de) 1996-04-15
US5219445A (en) 1993-06-15
DE4031302A1 (de) 1992-04-09

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