EP0466676A2 - Prothèse auditive avec un microphone directif muni d'une directivité variable - Google Patents

Prothèse auditive avec un microphone directif muni d'une directivité variable Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0466676A2
EP0466676A2 EP91890130A EP91890130A EP0466676A2 EP 0466676 A2 EP0466676 A2 EP 0466676A2 EP 91890130 A EP91890130 A EP 91890130A EP 91890130 A EP91890130 A EP 91890130A EP 0466676 A2 EP0466676 A2 EP 0466676A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
microphone
hearing aid
directional
aid according
hearing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP91890130A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0466676B1 (fr
EP0466676A3 (en
Inventor
Zlatan Dipl.-Ing. Dr. Ribic
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Viennatone GmbH
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Viennatone GmbH
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Viennatone GmbH filed Critical Viennatone GmbH
Publication of EP0466676A2 publication Critical patent/EP0466676A2/fr
Publication of EP0466676A3 publication Critical patent/EP0466676A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0466676B1 publication Critical patent/EP0466676B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R25/00—Deaf-aid sets, i.e. electro-acoustic or electro-mechanical hearing aids; Electric tinnitus maskers providing an auditory perception
    • H04R25/40—Arrangements for obtaining a desired directivity characteristic
    • H04R25/407—Circuits for combining signals of a plurality of transducers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
    • H04R1/32—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only
    • H04R1/34—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only by using a single transducer with sound reflecting, diffracting, directing or guiding means
    • H04R1/38—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only by using a single transducer with sound reflecting, diffracting, directing or guiding means in which sound waves act upon both sides of a diaphragm and incorporating acoustic phase-shifting means, e.g. pressure-gradient microphone
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R19/00—Electrostatic transducers
    • H04R19/01—Electrostatic transducers characterised by the use of electrets
    • H04R19/016—Electrostatic transducers characterised by the use of electrets for microphones

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a hearing aid for the hearing impaired with a directional microphone whose directional characteristic can be changed.
  • One type is the so-called pressure microphone, which converts air pressure into electrical voltage, the other the so-called gradient microphone, the gradient of the air pressure serving as the source variable.
  • the pressure microphone picks up the sound regardless of the direction of incidence, as long as its dimensions are small in relation to the wavelength.
  • the pressure microphone therefore has a so-called omnidirectional characteristic.
  • the gradient microphone picks up the sound at two points, whereby the pressure difference is perceived at these points. It is typical of this type of microphone that the directional characteristic looks like the number 8 in one plane. This type of directivity is therefore also referred to as the "figure of eight". Since the gradient of the pressure is frequency-dependent, gradient microphones transmit low frequencies weaker than high frequencies, with a slope of + 6dB / octave. It is possible and known to install acoustic attenuators and delay elements in one of the two sound inputs, which creates intermediate stages from figure eight to almost spherical characteristics (e.g. cardiac or cardioid characteristics). If a sound inlet opening is closed at all with a pressure gradient microphone, this acts like a normal pressure microphone with omnidirectional characteristics.
  • acoustic attenuators and delay elements in one of the two sound inputs, which creates intermediate stages from figure eight to almost spherical characteristics (e.g. cardiac or cardioid characteristics). If a sound inlet opening is closed at
  • hearing aids today are equipped either with a normal pressure microphone or with a directional microphone (gradient microphone).
  • Directional microphones are ideal for a noisy environment, but you have to put up with low-frequency suppression and easily audible self-noise in a quiet environment.
  • Printing microphones on the other hand, can achieve good results in a quiet environment, but not in a noisy environment, which is why it also has trials given to compensate for their disadvantages by combining both types of microphone.
  • a hearing aid in which the closing of a speech opening can be carried out manually with a kind of mechanical valve. Apart from the constructive difficulties with this type of switching of the directional characteristic, it is not always easy for the hearing impaired to recognize which characteristic would be optimal for him in a certain acoustic situation.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a hearing aid which avoids the disadvantages of conventional devices described above, the directional characteristic being controlled automatically as a function of the input signal or output signal in such a way that all possible characteristics between ball and figure eight would be adjustable.
  • a hearing device of the type mentioned at the outset in that the directional microphone is an electric microphone and the change in the directional characteristic takes place electrically and continuously.
  • the microphone has a directional characteristic (e.g. heart-shaped).
  • the microphone becomes a pressure capsule, i.e. linear and with spherical characteristics.
  • the directional microphone is formed by two printing systems, the speaking openings of which are arranged spatially separated, the output voltage of one microphone being inverted and added to the output voltage of the other microphone via a controllable attenuator, thus simulating the function of a gradient microphone becomes.
  • the low-frequency suppression acts like loud signals like an ASP ("Automatic Signal Processing") and thus improves speech intelligibility.
  • ASP Automatic Signal Processing
  • the directional characteristic suppresses the noise from undesired directions. In a quiet environment, the reproduction is rich in bass, pleasant sound and the microphone picks up sound from all directions.
  • controllable attenuator is manually adjustable. This enables user intervention.
  • controllable attenuator is designed as a current- or voltage-controlled attenuator
  • the input or output signal of the hearing aid is used as the manipulated variable
  • the two individual microphones are replaced by a double-membrane system in a housing.
  • a normal pressure capsule has a membrane that is connected to the outside air on one side and to a closed chamber on the other side. The deflection of the diaphragm is therefore only dependent on the current pressure of the outside air.
  • a gradient capsule practically consists of only one diaphragm connected to the outside air on both sides and is to be regarded as a system with two inputs. Each side of the diaphragm corresponds to an inlet, the diaphragm deflection being controlled by the pressure difference between the two inlets.
  • a gradient effect can also be achieved artificially with two pressure capsules. If the two pressure capsules are spatially separated, they take up the pressure at two points, namely where the entrances of the capsules are arranged. The two electrical signals from the capsules represent the two pressure variables.
  • Fig. 1 is a circuit diagram of the hearing aid according to the invention and Fig. 2 is a sectional view illustrating the structure of a further preferred embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 1 shows an arrangement with two pressure capsules. Mi1 1 and Mi2 2.
  • an inverter 3 it is possible to reverse the phase of a signal and to add both signals in a summing amplifier 4.
  • this procedure only the difference between the two signals is transmitted to the output 5 of the circuit and a typical gradient effect is thereby achieved.
  • the attenuator 6 can be, for example, a voltage-controlled attenuator VCA, which receives its control signal via a control amplifier and rectifier 7 directly from one of the two microphones ("input-controlled”) or - as indicated by dashed lines - from the output (output stage) of the hearing aid ("output controlled”).
  • VCA voltage-controlled attenuator
  • FIG. 2 A much more elegant option is the two-membrane system according to the invention, as shown schematically in FIG. 2.
  • these are two interconnected pressure capsules in a housing 10, with separate inputs and outputs.
  • the rear volumes 11, 12 are connected to one another by holes 13, 14 in the counter electrodes E1 and E2 15, 16 and an acoustic resistor 17 between them.
  • I1 is the mouth 18 of the (forward facing) main system M1.
  • the mouth 12 of the second system can be arranged 19 on the opposite narrow side, consist of a hole with a socket in the cover 20, or also consist of a deflection 21, inside of which e.g. known means for sound attenuation and / or delay 22 can be arranged.
  • "P" is a substrate 23 which is used for contacting on the outside and on which FET amplifiers for both systems can also be arranged,
  • Such a capsule shows the same properties as the system described above with two pressure capsules.
  • the advantage, however, is that the system is smaller and cheaper.
  • Double-membrane condenser microphones with electrically changeable directional characteristics are already known from the literature (e.g. "Taschenbuch der technical Akustik", Springer Verlag, 1975). However, these are “normal” condenser microphones with an external, adjustable and switchable polarization voltage. However, such a circuit would not be feasible with the "electret” microphones used in hearing aids, since the amount and polarity of the bias can not be influenced from the outside.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Otolaryngology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Neurosurgery (AREA)
  • Circuit For Audible Band Transducer (AREA)
EP91890130A 1990-07-13 1991-06-25 Prothèse auditive avec un microphone directif muni d'une directivité variable Expired - Lifetime EP0466676B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT1500/90 1990-07-13
AT0150090A AT407815B (de) 1990-07-13 1990-07-13 Hörgerät

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0466676A2 true EP0466676A2 (fr) 1992-01-15
EP0466676A3 EP0466676A3 (en) 1992-07-29
EP0466676B1 EP0466676B1 (fr) 1995-03-08

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP91890130A Expired - Lifetime EP0466676B1 (fr) 1990-07-13 1991-06-25 Prothèse auditive avec un microphone directif muni d'une directivité variable

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US5214709A (fr)
EP (1) EP0466676B1 (fr)
AT (1) AT407815B (fr)
CA (1) CA2046416C (fr)
DE (1) DE59104846D1 (fr)
DK (1) DK0466676T3 (fr)

Cited By (24)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0499699A1 (fr) * 1991-02-20 1992-08-26 Phonak Ag Prothèse auditive avec au moins deux microphones
EP0605666A1 (fr) * 1992-03-25 1994-07-13 Motorola, Inc. Microphone en ceramique piezoelectrique a annulation des vibrations
FR2711515A1 (fr) * 1993-10-21 1995-05-05 Boucobza Fabien Dispositif d'aide à l'audition.
EP0664071A4 (fr) * 1993-04-13 1995-05-18 Waldhauer Ruth Legal Represent Prothese auditive a systeme de commutation de microphone.
EP0782371A3 (fr) * 1995-12-27 1998-12-09 Tibbetts Industries, Inc. Système de microphone avec in situ sensibilité réduite à l'accélération
DE19822021A1 (de) * 1998-05-15 1999-12-02 Siemens Audiologische Technik Hörgerät mit automatischem Mikrofonabgleich sowie Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Hörgerätes mit automatischem Mikrofonabgleich
DE19856798A1 (de) * 1998-12-09 1999-12-16 Siemens Audiologische Technik Höhrhilfegerät mit verbesserter Richtwirkung bei Mehrkanal-AGC-Systemen sowie Verfahren zum Betrieb eines derartigen Hörhilfegeräts
DE19849739A1 (de) * 1998-10-28 2000-05-31 Siemens Audiologische Technik Adaptives Verfahren zur Korrektur der Mikrofone eines Richtmikrofonsystems in einem Hörgerät sowie Hörgerät
WO2001001731A1 (fr) * 1999-06-24 2001-01-04 Widex A/S Procede de commande de la directionalite de la caracteristique de reception de son d'une aide auditive, et aide auditive dans laquelle est applique ledit procede
DE19954880C1 (de) * 1999-11-15 2001-01-25 Siemens Audiologische Technik Elektromagnetischer Wandler zur Schallerzeugung in Hörhilfen, insbesondere miniaturisierten elektronischen Hörgeräten
DE19948907A1 (de) * 1999-10-11 2001-02-01 Siemens Audiologische Technik Verfahren zur Signalverarbeitung in einer Hörhilfe sowie Hörhilfe
US6704422B1 (en) 2000-10-26 2004-03-09 Widex A/S Method for controlling the directionality of the sound receiving characteristic of a hearing aid a hearing aid for carrying out the method
US6751325B1 (en) 1998-09-29 2004-06-15 Siemens Audiologische Technik Gmbh Hearing aid and method for processing microphone signals in a hearing aid
DE10310579A1 (de) * 2003-03-11 2004-09-23 Siemens Audiologische Technik Gmbh Automatischer Mikrofonabgleich bei einem Richtmikrofonsystem mit wenigstens drei Mikrofonen
EP1467593A2 (fr) * 2003-04-09 2004-10-13 Siemens Audiologische Technik GmbH Microphone directionnel
US6930957B2 (en) 2000-08-11 2005-08-16 Phonak Ag Method for directional location and locating system
EP1499160A3 (fr) * 2003-07-16 2007-10-03 Siemens Audiologische Technik GmbH Prothèse auditive directionnelle
US7286677B2 (en) 1996-12-31 2007-10-23 Etymotic Research, Inc. Directional microphone assembly
US7372973B2 (en) 1998-03-02 2008-05-13 Phonak Ag Hearing aid
EP2101513A1 (fr) * 2006-11-22 2009-09-16 Funai Electric Advanced Applied Technology Research Institute Inc. Dispositif d'entrée vocale, procédé de production de ce dernier et système de traitement d'informations
US7832080B2 (en) 2007-10-11 2010-11-16 Etymotic Research, Inc. Directional microphone assembly
EP2280558A1 (fr) * 2008-05-20 2011-02-02 Funai Electric Advanced Applied Technology Research Institute Inc. Dispositif à circuit intégré, dispositif d'entrée sonore, et système de traitement d'information
CN102037738A (zh) * 2008-05-20 2011-04-27 株式会社船井电机新应用技术研究所 声音输入装置及其制造方法、以及信息处理系统
CN101543089B (zh) * 2006-11-22 2013-07-03 株式会社船井电机新应用技术研究所 语音输入装置及其制造方法、信息处理系统

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NL1007321C2 (nl) 1997-10-20 1999-04-21 Univ Delft Tech Gehoorinrichting voor het verbeteren van de verstaanbaarheid voor slechthorenden.
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EP1643798B1 (fr) * 2004-10-01 2012-12-05 AKG Acoustics GmbH Microphone comprenant deux capsules microphoniques à gradient de pression
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US9554207B2 (en) 2015-04-30 2017-01-24 Shure Acquisition Holdings, Inc. Offset cartridge microphones
US9668065B2 (en) * 2015-09-18 2017-05-30 Sonion Nederland B.V. Acoustical module with acoustical filter
US10367948B2 (en) 2017-01-13 2019-07-30 Shure Acquisition Holdings, Inc. Post-mixing acoustic echo cancellation systems and methods
EP3804356A1 (fr) 2018-06-01 2021-04-14 Shure Acquisition Holdings, Inc. Réseau de microphones à formation de motifs
US11297423B2 (en) 2018-06-15 2022-04-05 Shure Acquisition Holdings, Inc. Endfire linear array microphone
WO2020061353A1 (fr) 2018-09-20 2020-03-26 Shure Acquisition Holdings, Inc. Forme de lobe réglable pour microphones en réseau
EP3942842A1 (fr) 2019-03-21 2022-01-26 Shure Acquisition Holdings, Inc. Boîtiers et caractéristiques de conception associées pour microphones matriciels de plafond
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TW202044236A (zh) 2019-03-21 2020-12-01 美商舒爾獲得控股公司 具有抑制功能的波束形成麥克風瓣之自動對焦、區域內自動對焦、及自動配置
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Cited By (44)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0499699A1 (fr) * 1991-02-20 1992-08-26 Phonak Ag Prothèse auditive avec au moins deux microphones
EP0605666A1 (fr) * 1992-03-25 1994-07-13 Motorola, Inc. Microphone en ceramique piezoelectrique a annulation des vibrations
EP0605666A4 (fr) * 1992-03-25 1995-04-05 Motorola Inc Microphone en ceramique piezoelectrique a annulation des vibrations.
US6327370B1 (en) 1993-04-13 2001-12-04 Etymotic Research, Inc. Hearing aid having plural microphones and a microphone switching system
EP0664071A4 (fr) * 1993-04-13 1995-05-18 Waldhauer Ruth Legal Represent Prothese auditive a systeme de commutation de microphone.
EP0664071A1 (fr) * 1993-04-13 1995-07-26 WALDHAUER, Ruth (legal representative of the deceased inventor) Prothese auditive a systeme de commutation de microphone
US5524056A (en) * 1993-04-13 1996-06-04 Etymotic Research, Inc. Hearing aid having plural microphones and a microphone switching system
US7590253B2 (en) 1993-04-13 2009-09-15 Etymotic Research, Inc. Hearing aid having switchable first and second order directional responses
US6101258A (en) * 1993-04-13 2000-08-08 Etymotic Research, Inc. Hearing aid having plural microphones and a microphone switching system
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DK0466676T3 (da) 1995-05-22
EP0466676B1 (fr) 1995-03-08
ATA150090A (de) 1992-08-15
CA2046416C (fr) 1997-12-02
DE59104846D1 (de) 1995-04-13
US5214709A (en) 1993-05-25
AT407815B (de) 2001-06-25
EP0466676A3 (en) 1992-07-29
CA2046416A1 (fr) 1992-01-14

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