EP1467593A2 - Microphone directionnel - Google Patents

Microphone directionnel Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1467593A2
EP1467593A2 EP03028514A EP03028514A EP1467593A2 EP 1467593 A2 EP1467593 A2 EP 1467593A2 EP 03028514 A EP03028514 A EP 03028514A EP 03028514 A EP03028514 A EP 03028514A EP 1467593 A2 EP1467593 A2 EP 1467593A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
membranes
directional microphone
microphone
directional
counter electrode
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP03028514A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1467593A3 (fr
Inventor
Torsten Dr. Niederdränk
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sivantos GmbH
Original Assignee
Siemens Audioligische Technik GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens Audioligische Technik GmbH filed Critical Siemens Audioligische Technik GmbH
Publication of EP1467593A2 publication Critical patent/EP1467593A2/fr
Publication of EP1467593A3 publication Critical patent/EP1467593A3/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
    • H04R1/32—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only
    • H04R1/34—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only by using a single transducer with sound reflecting, diffracting, directing or guiding means
    • H04R1/38—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only by using a single transducer with sound reflecting, diffracting, directing or guiding means in which sound waves act upon both sides of a diaphragm and incorporating acoustic phase-shifting means, e.g. pressure-gradient microphone
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
    • H04R1/32—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only
    • H04R1/40—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only by combining a number of identical transducers
    • H04R1/406—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only by combining a number of identical transducers microphones
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2410/00—Microphones
    • H04R2410/01—Noise reduction using microphones having different directional characteristics
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R25/00—Deaf-aid sets, i.e. electro-acoustic or electro-mechanical hearing aids; Electric tinnitus maskers providing an auditory perception
    • H04R25/40—Arrangements for obtaining a desired directivity characteristic
    • H04R25/402—Arrangements for obtaining a desired directivity characteristic using contructional means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R25/00—Deaf-aid sets, i.e. electro-acoustic or electro-mechanical hearing aids; Electric tinnitus maskers providing an auditory perception
    • H04R25/40—Arrangements for obtaining a desired directivity characteristic
    • H04R25/405—Arrangements for obtaining a desired directivity characteristic by combining a plurality of transducers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a directional microphone.
  • Modern hearing aids make use of directional microphone arrangements which, due to their direction-dependent microphone sensitivity, enable interference signals from lateral and rearward directions to be excluded. This spatial effect improves the useful signal to noise ratio, so that, for example, there is an increased intelligibility of the useful signal.
  • the conventional directional microphone arrangements are based on an evaluation of the phase (transit time) differences which arise in the case of a propagating sound wave between at least two spatially separate sound recording locations.
  • a differential pressure converter is known from US 4974117, which capacitively couples the two membranes.
  • the Pressure difference measured between the pressure in the volume between the membranes and the pressure in volume, which the surrounds both membranes.
  • the invention has for its object a directional microphone as well as the use of a directional microphone in one Specify hearing aid with the smallest possible Design lead to a good directivity.
  • the first-mentioned object is achieved according to the invention by a directional microphone with two membranes, each on the one hand over an air volume with one of two spatially separated Sound inlet openings are acoustically connected and on the other hand acoustically coupled with each other via a third volume of air are, and with means for generating at least one Output signal of the directional microphone from the vibration of a of the two membranes.
  • the increased directional resolution of a directional microphone after the Invention becomes more independent through the acoustic coupling of two Membrane reached.
  • the coupling is done by a low volume of air, which is located between the membranes. Strikes a sound wave below a certain one Sound incidence angle on the directional microphone, so the Sound wave the two microphone membranes to different Times.
  • the sound wave is transmitted from the membranes to the Volume passed between the two membranes. This causes a complex interaction of the two mechanically vibrating membranes.
  • An advantage of the invention is that a directional microphone according to the invention a very small and compact structure having.
  • the dimensions of the structure are predominantly given by the size of the membranes and by the air volumes that on the one hand establish the connection to the sound inlet openings and on the other hand couple the two membranes together.
  • Acoustic coupling becomes a coupling understood, which is generated by a sound wave, the forms in the air in the third volume of air.
  • Another The advantage is that due to the acoustic coupling that at the two sound inlet openings Sound pressure membrane vibrations are generated by the Depend sound direction.
  • the directional microphone form an electrical layer on one of the two Membranes and a counter electrode to this electrically conductive layer a capacitive transducer element.
  • a capacitive transducer element allows out of the vibration to generate an output signal from the membrane.
  • Such a converter element has the advantage that the technology of such transfer capacitive microphones to the directional microphone can be.
  • the counter electrode between the two membranes, which are arranged parallel to each other are arranged, with a small air gap each between one of the two membranes and the counter electrode lies.
  • this Directional microphone additionally a signal processing unit and an omnidirectional microphone, the microphone signal using the signal processing unit to generate the Output signal of the directional microphone according to a directional characteristic is used.
  • It can be omnidirectional Microphone either in a housing with the two membranes can be summarized, or the omnidirectional microphone can stand apart from the membranes as a standalone Be trained.
  • This form of training has the advantage that with the microphone signal from the omnidirectional microphone a direction-independent comparison variable is available stands with the help of the signal processing unit the output signal that is on the vibration one or both Membrane based, can be combined.
  • Figure 1 shows a schematic structure of a directional microphone 1 with a cylindrically shaped housing 3 along in section the cylinder axis 4.
  • membrane 5A, 5B preferably via brackets 6 on the housing 3 are attached airtight.
  • the membranes 5A, 5B are with air volumes 7A, 7B in contact. Strikes a sound wave on the Sound inlet openings 9A, 9B, it gets into the air volumes 7A, 7B and causes a deflection (vibration) of the membranes 5A, 5B due to the change by the sound wave Pressure is between the two membranes 5A, 5B third air volume 11 and a counter electrode 13.
  • the air volume 11 is composed of two air gaps 14A, 14B, between the counter electrode 13 and the two membranes 5A, 5B as well as from air feedthroughs 15A, 15B, which push through the counter electrode 13.
  • the air ducts 15A, 15B are e.g. round, parallel to each other and essentially Air channels running perpendicular to the membranes.
  • the Air volume 11 causes an acoustic coupling of the two Membrane 5A, 5B, which leads to negative negative feedback, there, if, for example, the membrane 5A by an incident Sound field viewed from the center of the directional microphone 1 the opposite swings due to the negative coupling Membrane 5B moved to the center of the directional microphone 1 becomes.
  • the membrane 5A has a passage opening 17, the one barometric pressure compensation of the air volume 11 above the air volume 7A connected to the environment enables.
  • the acousto-electrical conversion of the vibrations of the membrane 5A, 5B can be used, for example, with the aid of a capacitive converter system respectively.
  • a kind Plate capacitor from the counter electrode 13 and one electrically conductive layer 19A, 19B on one of the membranes 5A, 5B educated.
  • the Capacitor charged by means of a polarization voltage. The distance between changes due to the sound signals the layer on the membrane 5A, 5B and the counter electrode 13 and there is a change in capacitance of the capacitor which detects with an electronic impedance converter and is converted into an electrical voltage.
  • an electret condenser microphone be on the membrane 5A, 5B or on the surface the counter electrode 13 permanently stores an electrical charge becomes.
  • digital microphone or Moving coil microphone transducer technology is for acousto-electrical Change usable.
  • Figure 2 shows a simulated frequency dependence of the amount A and phase ⁇ of an output signal for the membrane 5A, 5B.
  • a sound incidence angle of 12.5 ° (indicated in FIG. 1) and a distance of the microphone inlet openings of 4 mm were assumed.
  • the upper part of the figure shows the amounts A 5A , A 5B of the two membrane vibrations over the frequency f in a frequency range from 10Hz to 10kHz.
  • the phases ⁇ 5A , ⁇ 5B of the output signals are shown.
  • the transit time difference of the incident sound wave onto the two membranes 5A, 5B is 2.5 ⁇ sec. Even with this minimal difference, there is already a clearly detectable difference between the two microphones in magnitude A and phase ⁇ at a frequency of 300 Hz. The difference becomes more pronounced with increasing frequency f.
  • FIG. 3 shows a simulated direction-dependent sensitivity distribution 21 5A of an output signal of the 'left' membrane 5A at 300 Hz.
  • This so-called directional characteristic is standardized to the sensitivity at a sound incidence angle of 0 °, which is standardized to the value 1 and is illustrated by the circle N.
  • the angle division corresponds to that from FIG. 1.
  • a significantly higher sensitivity can be seen on the side assigned to the membrane 5A and a lower sensitivity on the other side.
  • FIG. 4 shows a corresponding sensitivity distribution 23 5A of an output signal of the 'left' membrane 5A at 1600 Hz.
  • the structure of this directional characteristic is dominated by two areas of increased sensitivity, which are at 90 ° and 270 °. Again, the sensitivity is greater on the side associated with membrane 5A and there are large phase differences between the output signals.
  • FIG. 5 shows a functional diagram of a directional microphone system 25, which is an omnidirectional microphone 27, a directional microphone 29 with two membranes and a signal processing unit 31 having.
  • One or both signals from the diaphragm of the directional microphone 29 are with the signal of the omnidirectional microphone 27 in the signal processing unit 31 to one at an exit 32 present
  • the signal processing unit could additionally control the mixture so that the directivity is adaptively adapted to the sound field.
  • only one signal is a Membrane, which alone in terms of directional sensitivity an improvement over a gradient microphone represents, used and possibly together with an omnidirectional microphone in a housing or in separate Housings operated.

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Otolaryngology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Circuit For Audible Band Transducer (AREA)
  • Electrostatic, Electromagnetic, Magneto- Strictive, And Variable-Resistance Transducers (AREA)
EP03028514A 2003-04-09 2003-12-10 Microphone directionnel Withdrawn EP1467593A3 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10316287A DE10316287B3 (de) 2003-04-09 2003-04-09 Richtmikrofon
DE10316287 2003-04-09

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1467593A2 true EP1467593A2 (fr) 2004-10-13
EP1467593A3 EP1467593A3 (fr) 2009-12-16

Family

ID=32520181

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP03028514A Withdrawn EP1467593A3 (fr) 2003-04-09 2003-12-10 Microphone directionnel

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US7245734B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1467593A3 (fr)
CN (1) CN1536929A (fr)
DE (1) DE10316287B3 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2207364A1 (fr) 2009-01-07 2010-07-14 Robert Bosch GmbH Composant doté d'une structure de microphone micromécanique
WO2011015674A1 (fr) 2010-11-12 2011-02-10 Phonak Ag Dispositif auditif avec microphone

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DE102004010863B3 (de) * 2004-03-05 2005-10-20 Siemens Audiologische Technik Hörgerät mit mehreren Mikrofonen
EP2220875A4 (fr) * 2007-11-20 2013-10-30 Cochlear Ltd Microphone à électret implantable
US8855350B2 (en) * 2009-04-28 2014-10-07 Cochlear Limited Patterned implantable electret microphone
US9060229B2 (en) 2010-03-30 2015-06-16 Cochlear Limited Low noise electret microphone
JP5834383B2 (ja) * 2010-06-01 2015-12-24 船井電機株式会社 マイクロホンユニット及びそれを備えた音声入力装置
EP2730097B1 (fr) 2011-07-07 2019-09-18 Sonion Nederland B.V. Ensemble à récepteurs multiples et son procédé d'assemblage
US20150230010A1 (en) * 2011-08-05 2015-08-13 Nokia Corporation Transducer apparatus comprising two membranes
US9678713B2 (en) 2012-10-09 2017-06-13 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for processing commands directed to a media center
US9066187B2 (en) 2012-10-18 2015-06-23 Sonion Nederland Bv Dual transducer with shared diaphragm
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EP2908559B1 (fr) 2014-02-18 2016-10-05 Sonion A/S Procédé de fabrication d'ensembles de prothèses auditives
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US9888307B2 (en) * 2015-12-04 2018-02-06 Apple Inc. Microphone assembly having an acoustic leak path
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US11190880B2 (en) 2018-12-28 2021-11-30 Sonion Nederland B.V. Diaphragm assembly, a transducer, a microphone, and a method of manufacture
EP3675522A1 (fr) 2018-12-28 2020-07-01 Sonion Nederland B.V. Haut-parleur miniature essentiellement sans fuite acoustique
EP3726855B1 (fr) 2019-04-15 2021-09-01 Sonion Nederland B.V. Dispositif auditif personnel doté d'un canal de ventilation et d'une séparation acoustique
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EP0466676A2 (fr) * 1990-07-13 1992-01-15 VIENNATONE Gesellschaft m.b.H. Prothèse auditive avec un microphone directif muni d'une directivité variable
EP0942627A2 (fr) * 1998-03-09 1999-09-15 Siemens Audiologische Technik GmbH Prothèse auditive avec système de microphone directionnel et procédé de fonctionnement

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US2552878A (en) * 1947-09-24 1951-05-15 Electro Voice Second order differential microphone
EP0466676A2 (fr) * 1990-07-13 1992-01-15 VIENNATONE Gesellschaft m.b.H. Prothèse auditive avec un microphone directif muni d'une directivité variable
EP0942627A2 (fr) * 1998-03-09 1999-09-15 Siemens Audiologische Technik GmbH Prothèse auditive avec système de microphone directionnel et procédé de fonctionnement

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2207364A1 (fr) 2009-01-07 2010-07-14 Robert Bosch GmbH Composant doté d'une structure de microphone micromécanique
WO2011015674A1 (fr) 2010-11-12 2011-02-10 Phonak Ag Dispositif auditif avec microphone
US9232318B2 (en) 2010-11-12 2016-01-05 Sonova Ag Hearing device with a microphone

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US7245734B2 (en) 2007-07-17
US20050084128A1 (en) 2005-04-21
EP1467593A3 (fr) 2009-12-16
CN1536929A (zh) 2004-10-13
DE10316287B3 (de) 2004-07-15

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