EP0462790B1 - A building and building method - Google Patents

A building and building method Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0462790B1
EP0462790B1 EP91305491A EP91305491A EP0462790B1 EP 0462790 B1 EP0462790 B1 EP 0462790B1 EP 91305491 A EP91305491 A EP 91305491A EP 91305491 A EP91305491 A EP 91305491A EP 0462790 B1 EP0462790 B1 EP 0462790B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
building
room
room units
wall
units
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP91305491A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0462790A1 (en
Inventor
Jarmo Salmenmaki
Jarmo Wacker
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Meyer Turku Oy
Original Assignee
Masa Yards Oy
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Masa Yards Oy filed Critical Masa Yards Oy
Publication of EP0462790A1 publication Critical patent/EP0462790A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0462790B1 publication Critical patent/EP0462790B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/348—Structures composed of units comprising at least considerable parts of two sides of a room, e.g. box-like or cell-like units closed or in skeleton form
    • E04B1/34807—Elements integrated in a skeleton

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a building according to the preamble of claim 1 and which is known from FR-A-1 372 468.
  • the framework of the building is made of concrete or of steel-reinforced concrete.
  • steel-reinforced concrete framework refers either to a structure made entirely of steel reinforced concrete or to a structure of load-bearing columns and beams at least mainly made of steel and different level load bearing floors at least mainly made of concrete or steel-reinforced concrete.
  • the invention further relates to a method for creating the interior of such a building and a method for creating such a building.
  • a known building technique has been developed involving constructing a frame of the building relatively rapidly using mostly prefabricated supporting building elements.
  • the interior of the building is still made mostly manually, which makes it expensive and time consuming.
  • planning the various stages of construction at the building site is difficult, because workers of different professions have different tasks to perform and the proper timing of these tasks demands accurate planning and time scheduling.
  • prefabricated room units is known in the shipbuilding industry (see FI-62647, GB-A-1600110 and US-A-3363597) and in buildings (see US-A-2499498, US-A-3638380 and US-A-3823520). According to this known art, a frame is built to hold the room units in place, the room units thus forming the building itself and not being used to create the interior of a completed building.
  • the object of the invention is to solve several problems relating to the construction of buildings.
  • the most important aims are to reduce the time taken to construct the interior of buildings, to construct much of the interior building remote from the building site, and to improve in a simple way the sound insulation of the building.
  • the invention contributes to improving the fire safety of buildings.
  • a building is characterised by the characterizing features of claim 1.
  • the invention is mainly based on the fact that the actual room spaces and their interiors are built as prefabricated room units and are so installed that between the room units and the bearing structures of the building air gaps are provided which, in cooperation with the walls/ceilings of the room units, considerably improve the sound insulation between the insides of the various room units and adjacent bearing structures.
  • Buildings e.g. a hotel building, made according to the invention can be constructed considerably faster than conventionally constructed buildings. It has been calculated that the building time of a hotel complex comprising about hundred rooms can be reduced by as much as five months by constructing the building in accordance with the invention. At the same time a very high quality level of interior decoration and fittings for the building can be achieved and sound insulation problems can be solved more easily than in a conventional building.
  • the invention can best be applied to a so-called column-beam-building in which the main bearing structures of the building are vertical columns and horizontal beams supported by the columns.
  • the beams support the different level bearing floors which can take up conventional loads occurring on each floor level.
  • the outer wall or another vertical wall structure of the building may comprise further vertical bearing structures of the building's supporting framework.
  • the floor level of the building is an open space including only some supporting columns, into which space the prefabricated room units can be installed.
  • air gaps are also provided between two adjacent room units in order to achieve, in cooperation with the walls of the room units, a good sound insulation.
  • the sound insulation between the inside of a room unit and either the inside of an adjacent room unit or an adjacent bearing structure depends on the structure of the wall/ceiling of the room unit and the size of the air gap adjacent the wall/ceiling. Since heavy mass is a very good barrier to airborne sound, the incorporation of heavy building material, e.g. sheet metal, plates or tiles of ceramic or stone material and plaster board (gypsum), in the wall/ceiling structure of a room unit which is adjacent a sound-insulating air gap greatly improves the sound insulation. Lighter building material, in particular mineral wool, should be used in the wall/ceiling structure in combination with the heavy material.
  • heavy building material e.g. sheet metal, plates or tiles of ceramic or stone material and plaster board (gypsum
  • a layer of mineral wool, possibly lined at its outside with paper, plastics, glass fibre fabric or the like, should be positioned adjacent the air gap, whereas the heavy building material should be positioned as far away as possible from the air gap, e.g. at or close to the inside of a wall/ceiling structure of the room unit.
  • a suitable width for the air gap is from 40 to 100 mm, preferably from 50 to 80 mm.
  • a wider gap in cooperation with an adjacent room unit wall or ceiling usually provides better sound insulation, but, in order to save space, there is generally no need to use unnecessarily large air gaps.
  • the air gaps may, with advantage, be provided with non-rigid, e.g. soft, gap-closing elements of sound dampening material.
  • a gap-closing element comprises a soft mineral wool strip applied across the air gap.
  • Such gap-closing elements are useful also for improving fire safety, because they act as barriers within the air gap network for preventing the spread of fire or high temperatures therethrough.
  • the basic rectangular form should, however, be slightly modified, so that, for instance, in some corners of the room unit a bevelling or some other recess is provided, the purpose of which is to leave room for the building's vertical bearing structures, e.g. support columns or the like. Also the basic rectangular form of the room units may be modified to leave suitable space for pipes and cables. If a room unit includes a bathroom or the like, it is usually of advantage to make space for the pipes and cables close to the bathroom unit.
  • the room units are dimensioned according to a modular system suitable for the building structure.
  • the maximum length of the module is usually about 7 m and the largest preferable width is about 3.4 m due to transportation factors. In special cases even a width of 4 m can be considered.
  • Room units smaller than the modules, for instance, WCs, bathrooms or the like, are preferably integrated into room units with modular dimensions. In practice this means that a modular room unit may be divided into two or several sub-portions.
  • the room units can advantageously be brought into the building through an open outer wall of the framework.
  • a room unit intended for location close to an outer wall can with advantage be provided beforehand with a building element forming a part of the outer wall.
  • outer walls elements can separately be installed in the outer wall when all the room units of one particular floor have been accommodated within that floor.
  • the room units are made sufficiently stiff that they are self-supporting. This facilitates their transportation to the building site and their subsequent installation.
  • the stiffness of the room unit should preferably be such that the room unit does not need to be separately supported in the building. The only support given to the room units by the building will then be the support of the bearing floors. The lack of other supports will have a positive effect on the sound insulation. Exceptionally large room units may also be brought to the building site in parts.
  • Figure 1 shows primarily only different level bearing floors 1 of a framework of a concrete house building. Between the floor levels, a number of prefabricated room units 2 are arranged, each having walls indicated by reference numeral 3 and a ceiling indicated by reference numeral 4. The illustrated room units 2 are bottomless with exception of the wash and WC department 5, where a floor 6 has been installed during manufacture of the room unit.
  • the floor 6 of the wash and WC department 5 is shown in Figure 1 only schematically. Usually it is somewhat above the average floor level of the building and is provided with a drain including sewer pipes and with other required equipment, for instance floor warming means.
  • the outer wall of the building consists partly of outer wall elements 7 connected to room units 2, which elements may include a window 8, a balcony door or anything else serving the building.
  • the outer wall element 7 can be affixed to the room unit 2 at the manufacturing stage of the latter or, alternatively, the outer wall element 7 can be installed into the outer wall after the installation of the room unit 2.
  • Each air gap 9 in cooperation with the wall or ceiling of the room unit concerned, provides an effective sound insulation between the room unit and the adjacent bearing structure. If, as shown in Figure 1, there is a corridor or similar public space to the right of the room unit, a thin panel wall 10 may be installed between the room unit and the corridor.
  • the ceiling height may be somewhat lower than in the actual room space of the room unit. This is of advantage because the difference in ceiling height may, as shown in Figure 1, be used, for instance, for accommodating air conditioning ducts or tubing 11 supplied to the room unit.
  • Figure 2 shows, for instance, how the interior of an entire hotel floor may be formed according to the invention.
  • two types of room unit 2 a and 2 b which are mirror images of each other, are used.
  • the advantage is obtained that pipes to be connected to the wash and WC departments 5, which have been integrated into the room units already in the manufacturing phase, may be located to the same pit 12, to which also other required service lines, e.g. air conditioning pipes, electric cables etc., are located.
  • Support columns of the building framework have been indicated by the reference numeral 13.
  • the room units With a corner bevelling 14, so dimensioned that the column 13 is located in the space provided by the bevelling, the advantage is obtained that virtually all of the available floor space area is used. Because there is normally room for two room units between two support columns 13, there is also the advantage, in placing the room units in mirror unit pairs, that the corner bevelling is always facing a support column.
  • the interior of the building is created during construction of the building by moving the prefabricated room units through open outer wall openings of the framework.
  • the room unit 2 a is moved in first and is then moved slightly to one side so that the column 13 is positioned in the corner bevelling of the room unit.
  • the mirror image room unit 2 b is placed adjacent room unit 2 a .
  • proper supplemental wall elements 15 are placed in the outer wall in front of the support column 13 and, if required, also in front of the gaps between a pair of room units.
  • the room units are manufactured so that the supporting parts of the walls and ceilings are made of bent steel sheets, typically from about 0.7 mm to 1.00 mm thick.
  • a mineral wool layer typically about 15 mm thick, is glued.
  • the mineral wool layer may be considerably thicker.
  • the density of the mineral wool is preferably greater than 200 kg/m 3 .
  • the metal surface side of the wall structure is arranged towards the inside of the room unit and the mineral wool insulation is towards the air gap between the room units. If the sound insulation of the wall structure is to be improved, this is most conveniently achieved by increasing the amount of heavy building material in the wall structure in such a part that is as far as possible from the air gap.
  • Such a heavy building material can be, for instance, a plaster board or Dutch-tile or the like.
  • a suitable surface material such as textile, plastic or the like.
  • each air gap is completely free of mechanical contact.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
EP91305491A 1990-06-19 1991-06-18 A building and building method Expired - Lifetime EP0462790B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI903074 1990-06-19
FI903074A FI88740C (fi) 1990-06-19 1990-06-19 Husbyggnadsfoerfarande

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0462790A1 EP0462790A1 (en) 1991-12-27
EP0462790B1 true EP0462790B1 (en) 1997-01-15

Family

ID=8530663

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP91305491A Expired - Lifetime EP0462790B1 (en) 1990-06-19 1991-06-18 A building and building method

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0462790B1 (da)
JP (1) JP3105945B2 (da)
DE (1) DE69124145T2 (da)
DK (1) DK0462790T3 (da)
ES (1) ES2095913T3 (da)
FI (1) FI88740C (da)
NO (1) NO179148C (da)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102011109102A1 (de) * 2011-08-02 2013-02-07 Karl Krüger GmbH & Co. KG Raummodul
USD765266S1 (en) 2013-07-22 2016-08-30 Vastint Hospitablity B.V. Prefabricated module design
US9464436B2 (en) 2012-01-23 2016-10-11 Vastint Hospitality B.V. Prefabricated panel for a building

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10055960A1 (de) * 2000-11-11 2002-05-23 Werner Peter Gebäude
PT2617912T (pt) 2012-01-23 2016-07-08 Vastint Hospitality B V Módulo pré-fabricado para um edifício
PT2617911T (pt) 2012-01-23 2016-07-08 Vastint Hospitality B V Processo e sistema para a construção de um edifício
CN106917520A (zh) * 2017-04-25 2017-07-04 覃毅 一种装配式别墅
JP7038246B1 (ja) * 2021-08-25 2022-03-17 憲正 西田 鉄筋ｒｃ構造物の再生方法及び再生構造

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1095449A (da) * 1900-01-01
FR1265925A (fr) * 1960-05-24 1961-07-07 Procédé pour la réalisation de constructions et constructions obtenues par ce procédé
FR1372468A (fr) * 1963-05-15 1964-09-18 Procédé pour la construction d'immeubles composés d'éléments préfabriqués, immeubles obtenus par ce procédé et éléments pour leur construction
US3712007A (en) * 1970-08-03 1973-01-23 E Kump Building system and components therefor
DE2219202A1 (de) * 1972-04-20 1973-10-25 Church Murray Verfahren zum herstellen von mehrgeschossigen bauten aus raumzellen
BE844795A (fr) * 1976-08-02 1976-12-01 Systeme modulaire pour la construction de batiments selon les normes applicables aux conteneurs maritimes
IT1077506B (it) * 1977-01-21 1985-05-04 Viviani Giuliano Struttura di edificio ad ossatura fissa ed elementi abitativi mobili
NL8300888A (nl) * 1983-03-11 1984-10-01 Bouwcooerdinatie Nederland B V Werkwijze voor het construeren van een gebouw, alsmede door toepassing van deze werkwijze geconstrueerd gebouw.

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102011109102A1 (de) * 2011-08-02 2013-02-07 Karl Krüger GmbH & Co. KG Raummodul
US9464436B2 (en) 2012-01-23 2016-10-11 Vastint Hospitality B.V. Prefabricated panel for a building
USD765266S1 (en) 2013-07-22 2016-08-30 Vastint Hospitablity B.V. Prefabricated module design

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FI903074A0 (fi) 1990-06-19
NO912368D0 (no) 1991-06-18
NO912368L (no) 1991-12-20
DE69124145T2 (de) 1997-06-12
FI88740B (fi) 1993-03-15
FI88740C (fi) 1993-06-28
NO179148B (no) 1996-05-06
DK0462790T3 (da) 1997-06-16
EP0462790A1 (en) 1991-12-27
JP3105945B2 (ja) 2000-11-06
DE69124145D1 (de) 1997-02-27
NO179148C (no) 1996-08-14
ES2095913T3 (es) 1997-03-01
JPH04231551A (ja) 1992-08-20
FI903074A (fi) 1991-12-20

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