EP0454045A2 - Appareil de séchage centrifuge - Google Patents

Appareil de séchage centrifuge Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0454045A2
EP0454045A2 EP91106497A EP91106497A EP0454045A2 EP 0454045 A2 EP0454045 A2 EP 0454045A2 EP 91106497 A EP91106497 A EP 91106497A EP 91106497 A EP91106497 A EP 91106497A EP 0454045 A2 EP0454045 A2 EP 0454045A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
drum
dryer according
centrifuge
product
baffle plate
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP91106497A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0454045B1 (fr
EP0454045A3 (en
Inventor
Hans Joachim Dipl.-Ing. Titus
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
TITUS HANS JOACHIM
Original Assignee
TITUS HANS JOACHIM
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by TITUS HANS JOACHIM filed Critical TITUS HANS JOACHIM
Publication of EP0454045A2 publication Critical patent/EP0454045A2/fr
Publication of EP0454045A3 publication Critical patent/EP0454045A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0454045B1 publication Critical patent/EP0454045B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04BCENTRIFUGES
    • B04B15/00Other accessories for centrifuges
    • B04B15/06Other accessories for centrifuges for cleaning bowls, filters, sieves, inserts, or the like
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04BCENTRIFUGES
    • B04B3/00Centrifuges with rotary bowls in which solid particles or bodies become separated by centrifugal force and simultaneous sifting or filtering

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a centrifugal dryer with a horizontally mounted drive shaft, a drum connected to it rotating, a filter arranged inside the drum, which encloses a conically enlarged work space from the connection side of the drive shaft, an axially displaceable baffle plate forming an end face of the work space, and with a drum and baffle plate encapsulating centrifuge housing.
  • peeling devices for emptying, due to their movement sequences, cause contamination due to seal abrasion, for example, which are intolerable in high-quality pharmaceutical substances. Peeling devices contain deposits that are wetted by the suspension and, after dripping, allow an unwashed product to crust over. The crust is reinforced by the fine dust generated during the peeling process, which gets onto the still moist deposit surfaces. With a certain thickness, the crust breaks off in the most vibratory dry spin phase and contaminates the end product.
  • Peeling devices are also disadvantageous because a residual layer always remains in the drum, the compression of which causes increasingly longer filtration times for the subsequent batches.
  • the centrifuge To remove the residual layer, the centrifuge must be stopped and opened, solvent vapors being drawn off while the residual layer is being scraped off and scooped out.
  • foreign particles get into products with high purity requirements, and workers and the environment are polluted.
  • peeling centrifuges in addition to contamination, there are also losses due to the product entering the mother liquor room during peeling operation.
  • inert substances must be re-inerted after opening the centrifuge, which leads to N2 and time expenditure.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a separation apparatus which can perform a mechanical and / or thermal separation technique while eliminating the disadvantages described above in discontinuous or continuous operation.
  • the product should be able to be emptied completely in the moist or dry state without a peeling device and without a residual layer.
  • One proposal of the invention comprises a pressure chamber centrifuge drum with a solid jacket and a replaceable, multi-layer sintered metal mesh filter cone with a low surface friction.
  • the annular space between the solid jacket and the filter insert is divided into several chambers, each containing a diffuser opening through which compressed gas is injected by means of fixed nozzles to detach the product from the filter and to simultaneously flow and dry the product.
  • the open drum end carries a flange as a system for an axially displaceable baffle plate which, as a gas-tight seal, enables the working space in the filter cone to be filled or washed by the drive shaft as a closed container.
  • the process steps of filling / washing / drying / spinning are carried out in the work area, which is free from internals exposed to wetting with mother liquor and ensures the highest level of product purity. After spinning dry
  • the working space must be pressurized to reduce the capillary rise in the residual moisture remaining in the product layer adhering to the filter cone and to achieve the lowest final moisture levels, since it is impossible for the gas pressure to escape through the sealed baffle plate.
  • the product layer is blown off the filter cone by supersonic flow impulses injected into the pressure chambers and the pressure increase thus induced.
  • the product forms a z. B. 50% of the work space filling heap, which is moved on like a drum dryer at a reduced speed.
  • hot gas is injected into the pressure chambers below, which now flows through the circulated product from below and, due to the high gas velocity, causes a turbulent product flow with high heat exchange and efficient drying. Since the product is only on a partial area of the filter cone and constantly falls down due to the rotation, the inflowing gas passes through the filter cone, cleaned with dust, and escapes through the diffusers into the centrifuge housing, from where it is passed on through connecting pieces.
  • the baffle plate During the drying phase, which can be carried out in the negative pressure, normal pressure or positive pressure range, the baffle plate remains in a gas-tight system in the drum flange, so that no leakage flows occur.
  • the baffle plate In order to empty the working area after drying, the baffle plate is adjusted by means of an axial drive unit and by a switching device brought into a rotating mode with the drum or a decoupled mode of operation.
  • the extended end of the drum is surrounded by an inwardly open ring channel from which one or more product delivery lines originate.
  • the baffle plate is displaceable between a position closing the access to the ring channel and a position releasing the exit from the working area.
  • At least one blade can be attached to the drum flange, which feeds the product to one or more delivery lines in the ring channel.
  • the centrifuge housing including the drum and ring channel can be flooded and washed when the drum rotates, whereby the washing liquid takes the same route as the product otherwise.
  • Another proposal for the invention provides a perforated conical drum with a metal filter insert.
  • at least one distributor line with radially inwardly directed nozzles is provided within the centrifuge housing near the outer drum circumference and serves to supply washing liquid, backwash the filter surface and / or to supply compressed air or hot gas. It pressure surges can be exerted with hot gas in order to detach the dewatered product from the filter and convey it away. The flowability of the product along the conical drum wall can be increased by external supply of hot gas.
  • a washing tube guided into the drum by the drive shaft can have nozzles which can be acted upon on an inner peripheral region of the drum wall in order to enable product washing on the continuous path of the product along the drum wall between the initial filtration and the final reduction in the final moisture.
  • the product is discharged completely, in that the entire filter cake is pushed continuously along the drum wall to the ring channel.
  • the cone jacket of the drum can have several longitudinal areas with different opening angles, e.g. 15 ° on a first longitudinal third for the initial filtration, while a smaller angle on the second longitudinal third causes a slower longitudinal feed, with the exception of the outlet gap, which can be finely adjusted via the baffle plate, the dwell time of the product in the Working space is also influenced by additional parameters such as drum speed, friction, viscosity or thixotropy of the product mixture, temperature, strength of the compressed gas surges injected from the outside, etc.
  • the baffle plate and its setting options allow you to choose between batch operation and continuous operation.
  • a horizontally mounted hollow shaft 7 is connected to a frequency-controlled drive motor 1 via a V-belt drive 2.
  • the shaft 7 carries a conical perforated centrifuge drum 4, in which a circumferentially closed filter cone 3 is held, which can consist of woven sintered metal sieves.
  • the hollow shaft 7 carries a deflection hood 8 in front of the mouth in order to guide the supplied suspension in the direction of the arrow to the smallest drum circumference.
  • the hollow shaft 7 is supported in a bearing housing 18 on a machine stand 15 and carries a connection 5 held by means of a mechanical seal for the supply of suspension or washing liquid.
  • a centrifuge housing 17 is fixedly connected to the bearing housing 18 and is sealed against the shaft 7 via a shaft seal 14 and closed by a cover through which a circular baffle plate 9 can be axially displaced.
  • the baffle plate 9 is mounted on a central axis 20 which is moved by a drive unit 19 arranged on the outside of the cover.
  • the baffle plate 9 can be moved along a stationary guide 21 into an inner guide surface at the extended end of the drum 4 in order to close the working space 23 in a discontinuous operation.
  • a product cake A drawn above the central axis is formed from the filtered suspension.
  • the product, freed from mother liquor, is washed and centrifuged dry. Then at reduced speed and when the baffle plate 9.1 is open, the product is emptied into a ring channel 10, which is sealed off at the periphery of the extended drum end and is open to the inside, has any suitable cross section, is supported on the centrifuge housing 17 or on its cover and bears a guide 21 solely due to the centrifugal force , against which the baffle plate lies in its open position 9.2.
  • the drum 4 When spinning dry, the drum 4 can be pressurized via the hollow shaft. Thereafter, hot gas pressure surges can be introduced from one or more distribution lines 16 with a slowly rotating drum, which completely detach the product cake A from the heated filter surface 3. The hot gas entering the drum 4 escapes via a rotating filter attached to the baffle plate 9 through the axis 21 into a vacuum line.
  • a defined outlet gap is set by the baffle plate 9 and the drum 4 is constantly subjected to suspension.
  • the mother liquor is spun off over a first cone length a and collected in a discharge nozzle 6.
  • On a second cone length b, the product is washed with washing liquid injected through the pipeline 25 and then centrifuged dry on a cone length c.
  • the centrifugally moist product flows off without residue into the ring channel 10, in which the blades 11 attached to the drum circumference feed the product to a current dryer 12 or, via the indicated down pipe 13, to a vacuum dryer or container.
  • Radially inwardly directed nozzles extend from the distribution line 16, which in certain cases can consist of a single longitudinal slot and are used optionally for supplying washing liquid, backwashing the filter surface and / or for supplying compressed air or hot gas.
  • a drum base 30 is fastened on the end of the hollow shaft 28, which is inserted into the centrifuge housing 17 in a sealed manner, from which a cylindrical drum shell 32, or a drum drum 32 which is slightly tapered towards its free end, extends.
  • a sintered filter fabric consisting of a stiffened metal filter cone 36, on the outside of which, at circumferential intervals, U-profiles 38 are welded as a receptacle for web walls 40 which extend radially inwards from the drum jacket 32 and which extend into the conical annular space Subdivide gas-tight pressure chambers 42 from one another.
  • Each pressure chamber contains a circular or elongated diffuser opening 44 in the drum base 30, through which pressure surges are injected in its upper positions by one or more nozzles 46 arranged in the fixed rear wall 45 of the housing at selectable intervals.
  • the pressure rise resulting from the supersonic flow in the pressure chamber 42 has the effect that the product layer adhering to the inside of the filter cone 36 is detached and falls over the entire segment surface.
  • a baffle plate 52 is rotatably mounted on an axis 50, which is sealed in the housing cover 48 and which, as in the example according to FIGS. 1 and 2, can be displaced between an end position closing the working space 53 and the exit to the ring channel 54, more or less opening intermediate positions.
  • the drum flange 34 carries a socket with an annular surface 56 for the circumference 58 of the baffle plate. Suspension or washing liquid are fed to the conical ring nozzles 28a and 60a through the hollow shaft 28 and through an inner tube 60.
  • filtered mother liquor or washing liquid passes through the filter cone 36 into the pressure chambers 42 and flows from there along the drum shell through the diffuser openings 44 into the housing 17 or through its collecting connection 72.
  • the entire apparatus is operated during of the spin operation slightly inclined, namely raised at the left end in Fig. 2.
  • the hollow space 28 is pressurized with gas pressure to reduce the capillary rise in the residual moisture remaining in the product.
  • hot gas can first be blown into the pressure chambers 42 with low pressure surges in order to heat the filter cone and to dry the sticky base layer of the product. After this pre-drying, high-pressure shocks occur, under which the product layer breaks and falls off. At the same time, the filter cone is cleaned from the outside in.
  • hot gas is introduced in pressure surges via the lower nozzle 47 in order to convectively dry the product as an eddy current.
  • the product collected in the lower half of the work area is constantly shifted at low speed, thus accelerating drying.
  • the injected gas exits through the upper half of the cone.

Landscapes

  • Centrifugal Separators (AREA)
EP91106497A 1990-04-26 1991-04-23 Appareil de séchage centrifuge Expired - Lifetime EP0454045B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4013388A DE4013388A1 (de) 1990-04-26 1990-04-26 Zentrifugen-trockner
DE4013388 1990-04-26

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0454045A2 true EP0454045A2 (fr) 1991-10-30
EP0454045A3 EP0454045A3 (en) 1992-01-02
EP0454045B1 EP0454045B1 (fr) 1993-08-04

Family

ID=6405183

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP91106497A Expired - Lifetime EP0454045B1 (fr) 1990-04-26 1991-04-23 Appareil de séchage centrifuge

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US5163895A (fr)
EP (1) EP0454045B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2957750B2 (fr)
DE (2) DE4013388A1 (fr)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19635346C1 (de) * 1996-08-31 1998-03-26 Wienicke Heinz Juergen Diskontinuierliche Filterzentrifuge mit einer Trocknungsvorrichtung für das schleuderfeuchte Gut
WO2000044767A2 (fr) * 1999-01-27 2000-08-03 Aventis Pharma Deutschland Gmbh Procede de sechage de cristaux de proteine
WO2002078852A1 (fr) * 2001-03-28 2002-10-10 Heinkel Aktiengesellschaft Centrifugeuse a tiroir
WO2006133858A2 (fr) * 2005-06-15 2006-12-21 Fima Maschinenbau Gmbh Dispositif de centrifugation caracterise par une technologie analytique des procedes amelioree
WO2006133859A2 (fr) * 2005-06-15 2006-12-21 Fima Maschinenbau Gmbh Dispositif de centrifugation ameliore pour eviter une contamination croisee
WO2007096044A2 (fr) * 2006-02-22 2007-08-30 Fima Maschinenbau Gmbh Procede d'utilisation d'une centrifugeuse
DE102007003071A1 (de) * 2007-01-20 2008-07-24 Westfalia Separator Gmbh Verfahren zur Phasentrennung eines Produktes mit einer Zentrifuge und Separator
WO2008104535A2 (fr) 2007-02-28 2008-09-04 Richard Denk Procédé et dispositif de chargement et déchargement sans contamination
CN106391330A (zh) * 2016-10-10 2017-02-15 江苏牡丹离心机制造有限公司 一种拉袋离心机

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2711076B1 (fr) * 1993-10-13 1995-12-08 Robatel Slpi Dispositif étanche et déformable élastiquement pour le débatissage de la couche résiduelle.
US5743840A (en) * 1996-06-24 1998-04-28 Carr Separations, Inc. Centrifuge with a heating jacket for drying collected solids
US6430842B1 (en) 2001-05-09 2002-08-13 Carter Day International, Inc. Assembly for supporting a rotating structure
DE10245013A1 (de) * 2002-09-20 2004-04-01 Heinkel Aktiengesellschaft Filterzentrifuge
DE10331732A1 (de) * 2003-07-11 2005-02-10 Westfalia Separator Ag Zentrifuge
US8075668B2 (en) * 2005-03-29 2011-12-13 Dresser-Rand Company Drainage system for compressor separators
US8257587B2 (en) * 2007-04-05 2012-09-04 Ludowici Australia Pty. Ltd. Centrifugal scroll screen apparatus
JP4924466B2 (ja) * 2008-02-21 2012-04-25 株式会社日立プラントテクノロジー 遠心脱水装置
US20100199514A1 (en) * 2009-02-10 2010-08-12 Vermont Organics Reclamation Inc. Optimized apparatus and method for manure management
WO2011100158A2 (fr) 2010-02-10 2011-08-18 Dresser-Rand Company Collecteur de fluide séparateur et procédé
US8663483B2 (en) 2010-07-15 2014-03-04 Dresser-Rand Company Radial vane pack for rotary separators
US8673159B2 (en) 2010-07-15 2014-03-18 Dresser-Rand Company Enhanced in-line rotary separator
US8657935B2 (en) 2010-07-20 2014-02-25 Dresser-Rand Company Combination of expansion and cooling to enhance separation
US8821362B2 (en) 2010-07-21 2014-09-02 Dresser-Rand Company Multiple modular in-line rotary separator bundle
JP5936144B2 (ja) 2010-09-09 2016-06-15 ドレッサー ランド カンパニーDresser−Rand Company 洗浄可能に制御された排水管
CN102706110A (zh) * 2012-06-26 2012-10-03 江苏赛德力制药机械制造有限公司 离心干燥机
CN102974472A (zh) * 2012-12-04 2013-03-20 江苏牡丹离心机制造有限公司 一种带有热风烘干装置的卧式螺旋卸料离心机
GB2522411A (en) 2014-01-22 2015-07-29 Mann & Hummel Gmbh Self-cleaning centrifugal separator
WO2016210435A1 (fr) * 2015-06-26 2016-12-29 M-I L.L.C. Système de nettoyage pour un séchoir centrifuge
CN106076667A (zh) * 2016-08-04 2016-11-09 江苏赛德力制药机械制造有限公司 一种能清除残余滤饼层的离心机转鼓
US10814338B2 (en) 2017-08-09 2020-10-27 Delta Separations, Llc Device, system and methods for separation and purification of organic compounds from botanical material
US20200316501A1 (en) * 2017-12-19 2020-10-08 Xeros Limited Filter for a treatment apparatus
CN108889461A (zh) * 2018-09-04 2018-11-27 江苏赛德力制药机械制造有限公司 一种滤饼清除卧式刮刀离心机
CN112742613B (zh) * 2020-12-16 2021-09-17 安徽天祥药业有限公司 一种卧式螺旋沉降离心机

Citations (4)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3385443A (en) * 1967-08-14 1968-05-28 Cuza Cerso Roberto Continuously operating centrifugal device
FR2411636A1 (fr) * 1977-12-16 1979-07-13 Bosco Ind Mecc Spa Centrifugeuse a marche continue
DE3042948A1 (de) * 1980-11-14 1982-07-08 Salzgitter Maschinen Und Anlagen Ag, 3320 Salzgitter Schubzentrifuge
DE3340636C2 (fr) * 1983-11-10 1987-06-19 Krauss-Maffei Ag, 8000 Muenchen, De

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US1312316A (en) * 1919-08-05 Method of separating solids from suspension in liquids and apparatus therefor
US1355559A (en) * 1918-10-31 1920-10-12 Mauss Wilhelm Centrifugal separation
US3301708A (en) * 1964-05-05 1967-01-31 Buckau Wolf Maschf R Apparatus for separating crystals from sugar syrup
US3437209A (en) * 1967-02-01 1969-04-08 Mrs Ralph H L Becker Continuous centrifugal filter construction
US3674206A (en) * 1970-11-20 1972-07-04 John S Wendt Jr Centrifugal separator with means controlling flow
US3824701A (en) * 1972-09-05 1974-07-23 B Norquist Portable centrifugal drier for small articles
US4000074A (en) * 1974-09-20 1976-12-28 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Centrifuge having an inner, invertible, funnel-like container
US4245777A (en) * 1979-08-30 1981-01-20 Pennwalt Corporation Centrifuge apparatus
AU538688B2 (en) * 1979-10-20 1984-08-23 Klockner-Humboldt-Deutz Aktiengesellschaft Discharge control device for centrifuge

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3385443A (en) * 1967-08-14 1968-05-28 Cuza Cerso Roberto Continuously operating centrifugal device
FR2411636A1 (fr) * 1977-12-16 1979-07-13 Bosco Ind Mecc Spa Centrifugeuse a marche continue
DE3042948A1 (de) * 1980-11-14 1982-07-08 Salzgitter Maschinen Und Anlagen Ag, 3320 Salzgitter Schubzentrifuge
DE3340636C2 (fr) * 1983-11-10 1987-06-19 Krauss-Maffei Ag, 8000 Muenchen, De

Cited By (23)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19635346C1 (de) * 1996-08-31 1998-03-26 Wienicke Heinz Juergen Diskontinuierliche Filterzentrifuge mit einer Trocknungsvorrichtung für das schleuderfeuchte Gut
WO2000044767A2 (fr) * 1999-01-27 2000-08-03 Aventis Pharma Deutschland Gmbh Procede de sechage de cristaux de proteine
WO2000044767A3 (fr) * 1999-01-27 2001-11-08 Aventis Pharma Gmbh Procede de sechage de cristaux de proteine
US6408536B1 (en) * 1999-01-27 2002-06-25 Aventis Pharma Deutschland Gmbh Process for drying protein crystals
CZ300915B6 (cs) * 1999-01-27 2009-09-09 Sanofi - Aventis Deutschland GmbH Zpusob sušení proteinových krystalu
WO2002078852A1 (fr) * 2001-03-28 2002-10-10 Heinkel Aktiengesellschaft Centrifugeuse a tiroir
DE10115381A1 (de) * 2001-03-28 2002-10-24 Heinkel Ag Stülpfilterzentrifuge
WO2006133859A3 (fr) * 2005-06-15 2007-03-08 Fima Maschb Gmbh Dispositif de centrifugation ameliore pour eviter une contamination croisee
DE102005028825A1 (de) * 2005-06-15 2006-12-28 Fima Maschinenbau Gmbh Verbesserte Zentrifugenvorrichtung zur Vermeidung von Cross-Kontamination
DE102005028832A1 (de) * 2005-06-15 2006-12-28 Fima Maschinenbau Gmbh Zentrifugenvorrichtung mit verbesserter Prozessanalysetechnologie
WO2006133859A2 (fr) * 2005-06-15 2006-12-21 Fima Maschinenbau Gmbh Dispositif de centrifugation ameliore pour eviter une contamination croisee
WO2006133858A3 (fr) * 2005-06-15 2007-04-19 Fima Maschb Gmbh Dispositif de centrifugation caracterise par une technologie analytique des procedes amelioree
EP1797959A1 (fr) * 2005-06-15 2007-06-20 FIMA Maschinenbau GmbH Dispositif de centrifugation amélioré destiné à éviter la contamination croisée
WO2006133858A2 (fr) * 2005-06-15 2006-12-21 Fima Maschinenbau Gmbh Dispositif de centrifugation caracterise par une technologie analytique des procedes amelioree
DE102006009200A1 (de) * 2006-02-22 2007-08-30 Fima Maschinenbau Gmbh Verfahren für den Betrieb einer Zentrifuge
WO2007096044A3 (fr) * 2006-02-22 2007-11-08 Fima Maschb Gmbh Procede d'utilisation d'une centrifugeuse
EP1958698A1 (fr) * 2006-02-22 2008-08-20 FIMA Maschinenbau GmbH Procédé de fonctionnement d'une centrifugeuse
WO2007096044A2 (fr) * 2006-02-22 2007-08-30 Fima Maschinenbau Gmbh Procede d'utilisation d'une centrifugeuse
US7972520B2 (en) 2006-02-22 2011-07-05 Fima Maschinenbau Gmbh Process for operating a centrifuge
DE102007003071A1 (de) * 2007-01-20 2008-07-24 Westfalia Separator Gmbh Verfahren zur Phasentrennung eines Produktes mit einer Zentrifuge und Separator
WO2008104535A2 (fr) 2007-02-28 2008-09-04 Richard Denk Procédé et dispositif de chargement et déchargement sans contamination
WO2008104535A3 (fr) * 2007-02-28 2009-03-05 Richard Denk Procédé et dispositif de chargement et déchargement sans contamination
CN106391330A (zh) * 2016-10-10 2017-02-15 江苏牡丹离心机制造有限公司 一种拉袋离心机

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0454045B1 (fr) 1993-08-04
DE59100241D1 (de) 1993-09-09
DE4013388A1 (de) 1991-10-31
US5163895A (en) 1992-11-17
EP0454045A3 (en) 1992-01-02
JP2957750B2 (ja) 1999-10-06
JPH04227865A (ja) 1992-08-17

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