EP0163112B1 - Procédé et dispositif pour la séparation centrifuge de mélanges de minéraux à grains fins - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif pour la séparation centrifuge de mélanges de minéraux à grains fins Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0163112B1
EP0163112B1 EP85104851A EP85104851A EP0163112B1 EP 0163112 B1 EP0163112 B1 EP 0163112B1 EP 85104851 A EP85104851 A EP 85104851A EP 85104851 A EP85104851 A EP 85104851A EP 0163112 B1 EP0163112 B1 EP 0163112B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
section
separating
fine
fluid
circumferential surface
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EP85104851A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0163112A2 (fr
EP0163112A3 (en
Inventor
Walter Sedlaczek
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Miset AG
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Miset AG
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Priority to AT85104851T priority Critical patent/ATE46832T1/de
Publication of EP0163112A2 publication Critical patent/EP0163112A2/fr
Publication of EP0163112A3 publication Critical patent/EP0163112A3/de
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Publication of EP0163112B1 publication Critical patent/EP0163112B1/fr
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04B—CENTRIFUGES
    • B04B5/00—Other centrifuges
    • B04B5/02—Centrifuges consisting of a plurality of separate bowls rotating round an axis situated between the bowls

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for obtaining a heavy and a light material fraction from a fine grain mineral mixture under the influence of centrifugal force, the fine grain mineral mixture being mixed with a fluid being fed in as a fluidized material flow in the direction of a main axis, and a device for carrying out the method.
  • a continuously operating centrifuge for separating solid-liquid mixtures is already known (DE-PS-915 799), in which several sieve drums are arranged on the arms of a rotor and can be rotated in a planetary manner about the vertical axis of rotation of the rotor. Each sieve drum can also be rotated about its own axis parallel to the rotor axis of rotation.
  • the centrifuge also has a distribution device for supplying the mixture to the screen drums, a material discharge device and a drive device for the rotor and the screen drums.
  • a similar centrifuge is also known (DE-OS-2 902 691), which is also intended for the continuous separation of solid-liquid mixtures and which has, in a vertical rotor, planetarily arranged, counter-rotating filter drums with a perforated or closed jacket, in which the material to be centrifuged does not move over the drum shell but the solids are removed by means of screws or troughs passing through the sieve drums.
  • This centrifuge is also unsuitable for separating fluidized fine-grain mineral mixtures because it only allows liquid to be separated while the solids are being discharged together.
  • a device for obtaining a light goods and a heavy goods fraction from a fine grain mineral mixture is known (DE-PS-1 133 321), in which a slurry containing the mixture is fed axially to a cylindrical vessel.
  • the vessel has at least one screw-shaped discharge groove for the heavy goods fraction in the cylindrical wall and contains a propeller with which the added slurry is set in rotation.
  • the heavy goods fraction is discharged in the upper part of the vessel, which is set in torsional and longitudinal vibrations, while the light goods fraction is sucked off by means of an immersion lifter or the like.
  • Such a device is only suitable for processing very fine-grained material, is of relatively complicated and therefore costly construction, also tends to malfunction and only achieves low throughputs per machine unit.
  • US-A-4 052 518 shows a device which serves to separate cereal grains from chaff, shell parts and other undesirable waste products.
  • the device shown does have some features which can be found in principle in the device according to the invention, but without being suitable for carrying out the method according to the invention.
  • the features known in this way are taken into account in the preamble of the independent device claim. This known device would not be suitable for carrying out the separation of actual heavy and light goods fractions.
  • a housing of the separating device is shown in e.g. B. ball bearings 1 a central shaft 1 a rotatably mounted.
  • the supply of the fluidized material flow symbolically represented in FIG. 1 by an arrow 2 takes place via a pipe 3 coaxial with the central shaft 1a, so that the material flow is fed in the direction of the main axis A of the separating device determined by the central shaft 1a.
  • the fine grain mineral mixture to be separated into weight fractions is mixed as usual in a storage container with liquid, in particular water or gas, in particular air, for which purpose the storage container contains an agitator or is equipped with a blower.
  • Devices for such treatment of material to be separated are well known, so that they do not need to be described in detail and are also not shown in the drawing.
  • the device is first described using the example of wet goods to be separated, ie goods mixed with liquid.
  • the crop stream 2 is divided into several, in the exemplary embodiment shown, into four crop streams 2a.
  • the central shaft 1a carries at the input end as a centrifugal distributor a centrifugal pump 6, the housing 7 on the central shaft 1a z. B. is flanged and has as outlets 8 four laterally outgoing feeder arms 8a in the form of flanged pipe branches.
  • a pipe section 5 is flanged to the inlet of the centrifugal pump 6, to which the pipe 3 is connected via a seal 4, such as is used to seal rotating shafts.
  • Each cutting element 14 is arranged in an evenly distributed manner around the central shaft 1a, their longitudinal axes B running parallel to the main axis A. Each cutting element 14 is about its longitudinal axis B in z. B. ball bearings 13 rotatably mounted in the support arms or support disks 12 attached to the central shaft 1a. Only one of the mutually identical cutting elements 14 is shown in FIG. 1.
  • Each cutting element 14 has an essentially tubular hollow body 15, the inner lateral surface 16 of which forms the cutting element wall.
  • a pipe bend 11 is flanged to each metering arm 8 of the pump housing 7 and is connected to one of the cutting elements 14 at its outlet end via a seal 17, which is designed in the same or similar manner as the seal 4.
  • the central shaft 1a rotates with the cutting elements 14 arranged on its support arms or support disks 12 about the main axis A and at the same time and independently of this, the cutting elements 14 rotate about their longitudinal axes B.
  • the drive device required for this can be of any design, However, it is preferably set up in such a way that the directions of rotation and the speeds can be selected for the central shaft 1a and for the cutting elements 14.
  • the rotating drive of the central shaft 1a by a drive member 29 and the rotating drive of the cutting element 14 is shown schematically by a gear pair 19.
  • the cutting elements 14, which will be described in detail below, are very sensitive to changes in throughput. Changes in the volume and / or in the fine-grain mineral mixture proportion of the partial material flow to the cutting element would inevitably and automatically also result in a change in the cutting performance of the cutting element. Uniformity of the good task is therefore an essential prerequisite for high cutting performance.
  • the continuously supplied material flow is therefore divided into several, here in four metered partial material flows with the same volume and the same proportion of fine grain mineral mixture.
  • the separating device contains the centrifugal pump 6 already mentioned above as a centrifugal distributor, which is fed with fine grain mineral mixture from the storage container and from which all cutting elements 14 are fed uniformly.
  • the dosage is on the one hand by a simple change of the impeller with the blades or blades of the centrifugal pump to the specification of the respective material flow, for. B. the turbidity adjustable and on the other hand the speed of the centrifugal pump can be optimized for the given fine grain mineral mixture.
  • the impeller 9 of the centrifugal pump 6 has as many blades or vanes 10 as there are cutting elements 14, the vanes 10 being aligned with the metering arms 8a of the pump housing 7 (FIG. 2 ).
  • the impeller 9 or, in the exemplary embodiment shown, the pump cross with the blades or blades 10 is designed as an exchangeable structural unit which can be adjusted and fastened on the end face of the central shaft 1a.
  • the partial material flow rotates in a first section of the separation area at the same angular velocity as the partition wall about its longitudinal axis B.
  • the tubular hollow body 15 of the cutting element 14 has a first, cylindrical section 15a, in which, as shown in FIG. 3, preferably Driver wings 18 are arranged.
  • This intrinsic rotation of the partial material flow centrifuges the fine grain mineral mixture in this first section against the septum section 16a.
  • the partial material flow with the cutting element 14, which rotates about its longitudinal axis B is also rotated about the main axis A lying outside the cutting element 14, preferably at a speed different from the speed of the self-rotation.
  • the partial material flow with the already pre-sorted fine-grain mineral mixture enters the second section, in which, according to the invention, its own rotation slows down and the partial material flow or the material plug is guided in a screw-like path along the partition 16b of this second section to the discharge.
  • Decreasing self-rotation is achieved in a simple manner for the partial material flow or grafting in that the driver wings 18 are omitted in the second section of the cutting element 14.
  • a plurality of screw-thread-like grooves or grooves 20 are preferably provided in the partition 16b in the second section of the partition element 14, the pitch direction of which is selected such that the outer layer of the partial material flow or plug of material against the discharge is selected for the direction of rotation of the partition element 14 about its longitudinal axis B is screwed.
  • the feed to the discharge does not come to a standstill due to the frictional resistance in the screw-thread-like grooves or grooves 20, the heavy material fraction in the grooves or grooves 20 on the partition 16b with an additional, in the direction of the discharge acting force component.
  • This additional force component for the material transport is preferably generated in a simple manner in that the second section of the separation area is continuously widened towards the discharge, i. H. the second section of the cutting element 14 has a conical shape with an increasing diameter towards the discharge.
  • the device also can be operated with a horizontally arranged central shaft 1a. Accordingly, while the separation of the fine-grain mineral mixture takes place in the first section 15a, the separated heavy goods fraction is transported to the discharge in the second section 15b, the second section 15b being designed as a preferably conical screw tube conveyor.
  • the second section 15b By forming the second section 15b in the form of a screw tube conveyor, an even better separation of the fine grain mineral mixture is achieved. Since the fluidization and pulsation of the fine-grain mineral mixture caused by the combination of the rotary movements about the main axis A and about the longitudinal axis B also continues to act in the second section 15b of the cutting element 14 and, in particular, on the partition 16b, the screw threads arise, i. H. a further concentration of the heavy goods fraction in the grooves or grooves 20, which require a much longer discharge time for the heavy goods fraction detected by them than for the inner layer comprising essentially light goods lying thereon.
  • the heavy goods fraction which has been concentrated still further thus reaches a collecting space 21 provided in the second separating element section 15b somewhat above its base 15c, which is separated from one of the separating wall 16b inwardly projecting circumferential wall 21a is formed, and is discharged therefrom through preferably adjustable first discharge openings 22, distributed along the collecting space 21, and discharged as usual.
  • the light material fraction located in the second section 15b of the cutting element 14 closer to the longitudinal axis B, and most of the fluid in the center, e.g. B. liquid, are discharged radially through the circumference of the hollow body 15 at the bottom 15c, preferably also adjustable second discharge openings 23.
  • each tubular cutting element 14 is surrounded in the region of the second section 15b by an outer jacket 25 which delimits an annular space 26 around the second section 15b.
  • the annular space 26 is over a variety of z. B. radial nozzle bores 27 (Fig. 4) with the interior of the second hollow body portion 15b in connection.
  • the annular space 26 is supplied with fluid, liquid or gas which is injected through the nozzle bores 27 into the second section 15b. If the second section 15 b is equipped with screw threads, the nozzle bores 27 are arranged at the bottom of the grooves or grooves 20.
  • the fluid injected under pressure through the nozzle bores 27 is effective only in the fluidization lifting phase, so that the heavy material fraction accumulated on the partition 16b flows essentially radially through the fluid and is cleaned of any light goods particles still present in it through the injected fluid inwards to the longitudinal axis B, d. H. washed or blown into the separated light material fraction and discharged with it.
  • the outer jacket 25 expediently has a longitudinal slot 28, in which, as shown in FIG.
  • the wall region delimiting one longitudinal side is placed obliquely outwards, so that air flows out when the cutting element rotates in the direction of the arrow the ambient atmosphere is pressed through the slot 28 into the annular space 26 and no additional supply lines to the annular space are required.
  • This above-described additional injection of gas, in particular air, into the second hollow body section 15b is particularly advantageous in the case of a dry material flow, that is to say in the case of a fine-grain mineral mixture mixed with gas, in particular air, and is therefore always provided for the separation of dry material.
  • the device is otherwise designed in the same way as above for the separation of wet fine-grain mineral mixture mixed with a liquid, in particular water, only with the difference that a centrifugal blower is used as a centrifugal distributor 6 instead of a centrifugal pump .
  • the ball bearings 1 are mounted so that they can vibrate and an additional drive device for oscillating the central shaft 1a is provided.
  • the central shaft 1a When the central shaft 1a is arranged vertically, z. B. the central shaft 1a with its ball bearings 1 arranged in the housing, bearing bolts and leaf springs comprising swing bearings 31 and rest with its lower end face on an unbalance disk or knob disk 30 which is fixedly arranged in the housing.
  • the drive devices for the central shaft 1 a and the cutting elements 14 can be adjusted with respect to the direction of rotation and rotational speed, so that the cutting elements 14 can rotate in the same or in the opposite direction as the central shaft 1. Since both the rotational speed about the main axis A, which determines the metering of the partial product flows 2a, and the rotational speed of the cutting elements 14 during operation can be adjusted, an optimal cutting process can be created for each fine grain mineral mixture.

Claims (19)

1. Procédé pour gagner une fraction lourde et une fraction légère par action centrifuge à partir d'un mélange de minéraux à grains fins, dans lequel le mélange de minéraux à grains fins mélangé avec un fluide est chargé sous forme d'un courant de matière (2) en direction d'un axe principal (A), caractérisé en ce que le courant de matière chargé en continu (2) est subdivisé en plusieurs courants de matière partiels dosés (2a) ayant chacun un même volume et une même proportion en mélange de minéraux à grains fins et chaque courant de matière partiel (2a) étant conduit à travers une zone de séparation s'étendant à une distance parallèlement à l'axe principal (A) et entouré par une surface circonférentielle (16) intérieure présentant une symétrie de rotation d'un élément de séparation (14) tubulaire, lesdits éléments de séparation (14) étant mis en rotation d'une part ensemble autour de l'axe principal et d'autre part individuellement autour de leur propre axe longitudinal en ce que chaque courant partiel (2a) dans une première section (15a) de sa zone de séparation est mis en rotation autour de l'axe longitudinal (B) avec la même vitesse angulaire que l'élément de séparation (14) pour centrifuger le mélange de minéraux à grains fins sur la surface circonférentielle intérieure (16), le mélange de minéraux à grains fins étant ainsi fluidisé et la fraction lourde, séparée de la fraction légère, s'accumulant sur la surface circonférentielle (16), grâce à l'effet combiné des mouvements de rotation de l'élément de séparation (14) autour de l'axe principal (A) et autour de l'axe longitudinal (B), tandis que, dans une seconde section suivante (15b) de la zone de séparation, le mouvement rotatif du courant de matière partiel (2a) est réduit et la fraction lourde accumulée est déplacée le long de la surface circonférentielle (16) en direction d'ouverturés de décharge latérales (22) et déchargée à travers ces dernières, la fraction légère et le fluide étant déchargés à la fin de la zone de séparation.
2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que dans une seconde section (15b) de la zone de séparation la fraction lourde accumulée est avancée le long d'un pas en hélice sur la surface circonférentielle (16) jusqu'aux ouvertures de décharge (22).
3. Procédé selon la revendication ou 2, caractérisé en ce que la fraction lourde accumulée dans la seconde section (15b) de la zone de séparation est avancée vers les ouvertures de décharge (22) sur une surface circonférentielle (16) qui s'élargit coniquement vers la fin la zone de séparation.
4. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que l'on injecte à chaque élément de séparation (14) du fluide dans la seconde section (15b) de la zone de séparation, à partir de l'extérieur à travers un grand nombre de buses latérales (27).
5. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que les éléments de séparation (14) en rotation exécutant des oscillations en direction de leurs axes longitudinaux (B).
6. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que la direction de rotation des éléments de séparation individuels (14) autour de leurs axes longitudinaux (B) est la même ou opposée à la direction de rotation des éléments de séparation (14) autour de l'axe principal (A).
7. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que les éléments de séparation individuels (14) tournent autour de leurs axes longitudinaux (B) à un nombre de tours déterminé et ces éléments de séparation (14) tournent autour de l'axe principal (A) à un autre nombre de tours.
8. Appareil pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel plusieurs éléments de séparation (14) tubulaires sont distribués uniformément autour de l'axe de l'arbre, désigné ci-après axe principal (A), pour tourner autour de leurs axes longitudinaux (B) parallèles à l'axe principal (A) dans des moyens de retenue (12) fixés sur un arbre central (1a) et un distributeur centrifuge (6) avec une entrée coaxiale (5) et des sorties périphériques (8) étant intégré dans l'arbre central (1a), ledit distributeur central (6) étant construit pour distribuer un mélange de fluide et de minéraux à grains fins uniformément chargé sous forme d'un courant de matière à travers l'entrée sous forme de courants de matière partiels dosés sur les éléments de séparation (14); un ou plusieurs dispositifs d'entraînement étant prévus avec lesquels l'arbre central (1a) et les éléments de séparation (14) sont reliés ou peuvent être accouplés pour faire tourner l'arbre central (1a) avec le distributeur centrifuge (6) et les éléments de séparation (14) autour de l'axe principal (A) et en même temps de faire tourner les éléments de séparation (14) autour de leurs axes longitudinaux (B); chaque élément de séparation tubulaire (14) ayant une surface circonférentielle intérieure (16) présentant une symétrie de rotation par rapport à l'axe longitudinal (B) et comprenant une première section et en suite une seconde section (15b) en forme de pot qui est fermée par un fond (15c), chacun éléments de séparation comprenant au-dessus du fond (15c) une chambre de collection (21) pour matière lourde s'étendant autour de la surface circonférentielle intérieure (16), et qui est ouverte en direction de la première section (15a), et présentant un nombre de premières ouvertures de décharge (22) amenant à l'extérieur pour recevoir et décharger la fraction lourde déposée sur la surface circonférentielle intérieure (16) et déplacée le long de cette surface dans la chambre de collection (21), et présentant d'autre part dans le fond (15c) des secondes ouvertures de décharge (23) pour la décharge de la fraction légère et de fluide à partir de la région centrale de la chambre autour de l'axe longitudinal (B), caractérisé en ce que ledit distributeur centrifuge (6) présente un rotor coaxial par rapport à l'arbre central (1a) et en ce que la première section (15a) de chaque élément de séparation (14) présente à l'extrémité des moyens d'entraînement (18) pour le courant de matière partiel, pour ainsi faire tourner ce dernier dans la première section avec la même vitesse angulaire que l'élément de séparation (14) autour de l'axe longitudinal (B), et en ce que lesdites secondes ouvertures de décharge (23) prévues dans le fond (15c) mènent également latéralement vers l'extérieur.
9. Appareil selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que les premières et/ou les secondes ouvertures de décharge (22 resp. 23) sont ajustables.
10. Appareil selon la revendication 8 ou 9, caractérisé en ce que des ailes d'entraînements radiales (18) sont prévues dans la première section (15a) de chaque élément de séparation (14) pour mettre en rotation le courant de matière partiel.
11. Appareil selon l'une des revendications 8 à 10, caractérisé en ce que la seconde section (15b) de chaque élément de séparation (14) présente une surface circonférentielle intérieure s'élargissant coniquement de la première section (15a) vers le fond (15c).
12. Appareil selon l'une des revendications 8 à 11, caractérisé en ce que la seconde section (15b) de chaque élément de séparation (14) est construit comme convoyeur tubulaire à vis présentant au moins une vis formée par une gorge ou rainure (20) dans la surface circonférentielle intérieure (16b) et s'étendant de la première section (15a) en direction de la chambre de collection (21) pour la matière lourde.
13. Appareil selon l'une des revendications 8 à 12, caractérisé en ce que dans chaque élément de séparation (14) un corps de refoulement (24) coaxial par rapport à l'axe longitudinal (B) est prévu sur le fond (15c) pour diriger la fraction légère et du fluide en direction desdites secondes ouvertures de décharge (23).
14. Appareil selon l'une des revendications 8 à 13, caractérisé en ce que la seconde section (15b) de chaque élément de séparation (14) est entourée d'une chemise extérieure (25) pour former tout autour de la seconde section (15b) un espace annulaire (26) qui peut être remplit de fluide et qui présente un nombre de trous de buse (27) aboutissant dans la surface circonférentielle intérieure (16b) et qui sont placés le long de gorges ou rainures (20) dans le cas d'une seconde section (15b) construite comme convoyeur à vis, et qui mènent dans la seconde section (15b) de l'élément de séparation tubulaire (14).
15. Appareil selon la revendication 14, caractérisé en ce que la chemise extérieure (25) présente une fente longitudinale (28) s'élargissant radialement pour, lors d'un élément de séparation (14) en rotation, insuffler de l'air comme fluide dans l'espace annulaire (26) et, à travers les trous de buse (27), dans ladite seconde section (15b).
16. Appareil selon l'une des revendications 8 à 15, caractérisé en ce que pour un mélange de minéraux à grains mouillé et un liquide, en particulier de l'eau comme fluide, le distributeur centrifuge (6) est constitué par une pompe centrifuge dont le rotor (9) est monté de manière échangeable et réglable coaxialement dans l'arbre central (1a).
17. Appareil selon la revendication 15, caractérisé en ce que pour un mélange de minéraux à grains fins sec et un gaz, en particulier de l'air comme fluide, le distributeur centrifuge (6) est constitué par une souffleuse centrifuge dont le rotor (9) est monté de manière échangeable et réglable coaxialement dans l'arbre central (1a).
18. Appareil selon l'une des revendications 8 à 17, caractérisé en ce que l'arbre central (1a) avec le distributeur centrifuge (6) et les éléments de séparation (14) est monté de manière à pouvoir être déplacé en va-et-viens le long de l'axe principal (A) tout en étant accouplé à des moyens d'entraînement (30) pour produire des mouvements oscillatoires de va-et-viens.
19. Appareil selon l'une des revendications 8 à 18, caractérisé en ce que l'arbre central (1a) est monté horizontalement.
EP85104851A 1984-05-02 1985-04-22 Procédé et dispositif pour la séparation centrifuge de mélanges de minéraux à grains fins Expired EP0163112B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT85104851T ATE46832T1 (de) 1984-05-02 1985-04-22 Verfahren und vorrichtung zum trennschleudern von feinkornmineralgemischen.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH2129/84 1984-05-02
CH2129/84A CH665964A5 (de) 1984-05-02 1984-05-02 Verfahren und vorrichtung zum trennschleudern von feinkornmineralgemischen.

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0163112A2 EP0163112A2 (fr) 1985-12-04
EP0163112A3 EP0163112A3 (en) 1987-11-04
EP0163112B1 true EP0163112B1 (fr) 1989-10-04

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EP85104851A Expired EP0163112B1 (fr) 1984-05-02 1985-04-22 Procédé et dispositif pour la séparation centrifuge de mélanges de minéraux à grains fins

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US (1) US4673491A (fr)
EP (1) EP0163112B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE46832T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU582576B2 (fr)
CH (1) CH665964A5 (fr)
DD (1) DD232844A5 (fr)
DE (1) DE3573375D1 (fr)
PL (1) PL143345B1 (fr)
SU (1) SU1475478A3 (fr)
ZA (1) ZA853095B (fr)

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ZA821077B (en) * 1981-02-23 1983-04-27 Lowan Ltd Apparatus for the separation of particles from a slurry
DE3262176D1 (en) * 1981-04-23 1985-03-21 Anderson Strathclyde Plc Integrated cutter, breaker and haulage drive gearcase
US4481020A (en) * 1982-06-10 1984-11-06 Trw Inc. Liquid-gas separator apparatus

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Publication number Publication date
US4673491A (en) 1987-06-16
EP0163112A2 (fr) 1985-12-04
PL143345B1 (en) 1988-02-29
PL253194A1 (en) 1986-02-11
ATE46832T1 (de) 1989-10-15
SU1475478A3 (ru) 1989-04-23
AU582576B2 (en) 1989-04-06
EP0163112A3 (en) 1987-11-04
CH665964A5 (de) 1988-06-30
AU4166385A (en) 1985-11-07
DD232844A5 (de) 1986-02-12
DE3573375D1 (en) 1989-11-09
ZA853095B (en) 1985-12-24

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