EP0416295B1 - Dispositif et appareil pour tester la maniabilité de tabac et la dureté des cigarettes - Google Patents

Dispositif et appareil pour tester la maniabilité de tabac et la dureté des cigarettes Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0416295B1
EP0416295B1 EP90115014A EP90115014A EP0416295B1 EP 0416295 B1 EP0416295 B1 EP 0416295B1 EP 90115014 A EP90115014 A EP 90115014A EP 90115014 A EP90115014 A EP 90115014A EP 0416295 B1 EP0416295 B1 EP 0416295B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tobacco
cigarettes
test plunger
force
test
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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EP90115014A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0416295A3 (en
EP0416295A2 (fr
Inventor
Wolfgang Dr. Graudejus
Martin Dr. Rattemeyer
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HF and PhF Reemtsma GmbH and Co
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HF and PhF Reemtsma GmbH and Co
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Publication of EP0416295A3 publication Critical patent/EP0416295A3/de
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24C—MACHINES FOR MAKING CIGARS OR CIGARETTES
    • A24C5/00—Making cigarettes; Making tipping materials for, or attaching filters or mouthpieces to, cigars or cigarettes
    • A24C5/32—Separating, ordering, counting or examining cigarettes; Regulating the feeding of tobacco according to rod or cigarette condition
    • A24C5/34—Examining cigarettes or the rod, e.g. for regulating the feeding of tobacco; Removing defective cigarettes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24C—MACHINES FOR MAKING CIGARS OR CIGARETTES
    • A24C5/00—Making cigarettes; Making tipping materials for, or attaching filters or mouthpieces to, cigars or cigarettes
    • A24C5/32—Separating, ordering, counting or examining cigarettes; Regulating the feeding of tobacco according to rod or cigarette condition
    • A24C5/34—Examining cigarettes or the rod, e.g. for regulating the feeding of tobacco; Removing defective cigarettes
    • A24C5/343—Examining cigarettes or the rod, e.g. for regulating the feeding of tobacco; Removing defective cigarettes by mechanical means, e.g. feelers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to methods and devices for determining a size of deformation of tobacco articles, namely a method and a device for determining the filling capacity of tobacco as well as a method and a device for determining the hardness of cigarettes according to the preambles of claims 1, 8, 5 and 14 respectively .
  • the filling capacity corresponds to the visco-elasticity or compressibility of tobacco. It can be defined as the volume that a given mass of tobacco occupies for a certain time after exposure to a certain pressure.
  • the filling capacity of tobacco strongly depends on its temperature and humidity. Since tobacco shows a pronounced relaxation behavior, a reproducible measurement of the filling capacity of tobacco is only possible using a method that is also precisely timed.
  • the filling capacity depends on the type of tobacco and is an important parameter for the assessment of the tobacco quality.
  • the hardness of a cigarette is an important parameter for assessing its quality.
  • the hardness is closely correlated with the filling capacity of the cut tobacco; a cut tobacco of high filling capacity provides a hard cigarette for a given cigarette size and a given tobacco weight.
  • a method for determining the hardness of cigarettes can be completely analogous to a method to determine the fillability of tobacco. It is only to be ensured by a suitable design of the surfaces coming into contact with the tobacco product that the forces acting on the tobacco product are optimally transmitted.
  • a method and a device for determining the filling capacity of cut tobacco are from the article "Investigations with an improved densimeter for checking the filling capacity of cut tobacco and the hardness of cigarettes" by H.W. Lorenz and F. Seehofer, Contributions to Tobacco Research, Volume 4, No. 7 (1968) known.
  • the preambles of claims 1 and 8 are based on this document.
  • For a filling capacity measurement about 20 g of tobacco are loosely filled into a cylindrical container of about 60 mm in diameter. After this container is inserted into the known device, a pressure plate with an applied weight is lowered from above onto the tobacco by an electric motor. As soon as the pressure plate has been placed on the tobacco, the motor continues to run empty into an end position.
  • the position of the pressure plate and thus the height of the tobacco column is transferred to a dial gauge or another display device. After a preselected time, on the order of 1 minute, has elapsed, the motor automatically lifts the pressure plate with the weight on it from the compressed cut tobacco, and the final height of the tobacco column, which decreases over time, is used as a measure of the filling capacity is displayed.
  • the force acting on the tobacco or the cigarettes is built up quickly but in a poorly reproducible manner in the initial phase while the pressure plate is being lowered onto the cut tobacco or the cigarettes. Then the force is determined by the weight placed on it.
  • the known method is therefore limited to the use of an essentially constant test force.
  • the exact measurement of a curve which represents the course of the final height of the tobacco column or cigarettes as a function of time, is cumbersome, since a separate measurement must be carried out for each time value.
  • the temperature and the moisture or the water content of the tobacco which have a strong influence on the filling capacity or hardness, cannot be measured directly in the known device. For example, the humidity must be determined separately using a drying cabinet.
  • the tobacco moisture can change during the lengthy filling capacity or hardness measurements or if the associated moisture determination is not carried out immediately before or after, which leads to a falsification of the results for the filling capacity or hardness.
  • a device for determining the hardness of cigarettes is also known, in which at the beginning of the hardness determination by means of a motor, a weight of approximately 5 g per cigarette is placed on a given number of cigarettes. At this point the thickness of the cigarettes is measured, ie the distance between the base of the cigarettes and the pressure plate. In the further course, the force on the cigarettes is increased, but is not measured until a defined value of approx. 250 g is applied to each cigarette. At this moment the thickness of the cigarettes is again measured.
  • the method for determining the hardness of cigarettes carried out with this known device thus provides a connection between Power and thickness of the cigarettes, for which there are only two measuring points.
  • a fundamental problem with the use of weights is that the force acting on the tobacco product due to frictional forces can be reduced by an unknown amount.
  • Claim 20 relates to a device for the optional determination of the filling capacity of tobacco or the hardness of cigarettes.
  • the method according to the invention for determining the filling capacity of tobacco runs reliably, quickly, easily and in a user-friendly manner. Since the force acting on the tobacco is measured during the compression of the tobacco, a variety of test options open up for assessing the inherently complex size "filling capacity".
  • the drive of the test stamp by a motor allows the use of larger containers to hold the tobacco, so that a larger amount of tobacco can be examined and the reproducibility of the measured values obtained is improved.
  • the use of larger containers to hold the tobacco further enables leaf tobacco to be examined, so that the method is not limited to cut tobacco.
  • the filling capacity values obtained from leaf tobacco can be correlated with the filling capacity values for the cut tobacco obtained later from the leaf tobacco, which provides particularly reliable results because Both leaf tobacco and cut tobacco are examined using the same procedure.
  • the fact that after completion of the compression movement of the test stamp during a relaxation period the test stamp remains in its end position and during the relaxation period the force acting on the tobacco is measured at predetermined time intervals and given to the computer for further processing get another meaningful curve that shows the decreasing force during the relaxation period that the tobacco exerts on the test stamp as a function of time.
  • the conditions are well defined because the length of the tobacco column is kept constant.
  • the temperature and the moisture of the tobacco are determined during or immediately after the compression by means of measuring devices attached in the container or on the test stamp. Because the measurements of the temperature and humidity of the tobacco in the Containers and in the immediate vicinity to determine the filling capacity data, it is ensured that their values actually correspond to the temperature and humidity of the tobacco present during the compression and relaxation measurements. Once these values are known, the filling capacity data of a given measuring or test procedure can be corrected to standard conditions (e.g. 22 ° C, 12% tobacco moisture). This considerably simplifies the comparison of filling capacity data obtained in different measurements.
  • the method according to the invention for determining the hardness of cigarettes achieves the advantages already mentioned in connection with the filling capacity determination of tobacco. Analogous to a large container for holding the cut tobacco or leaf tobacco, a large sample holder can be used this time, on which many cigarettes can be placed. Good reproducibility of the measured force is then achieved, since averaging over a large number of cigarettes takes place during the course of the method.
  • Relaxation data relevant to the hardness of cigarettes are preferably obtained by holding the test stamp in its end position during a relaxation period after the compression movement of the test stamp has ended and by measuring the force acting on the cigarettes at predetermined time intervals during the relaxation period and passing it on to the computer for further processing .
  • the advantages achieved thereby correspond to those mentioned in connection with the relaxation measurements on tobacco.
  • the temperature and the moisture of the cigarettes are determined during or immediately after compression by means of measuring devices attached to the test stamp and / or the sample holder.
  • This provides reliable temperature and humidity values for the cigarettes, which can be used to correct the hardness data obtained to standard conditions (e.g. 22 ° C, 12% humidity). This makes it easier to compare hardness data obtained in different measurement processes.
  • the test stamp is preferably formed in a ring shape therein.
  • the sample holder for holding the cigarettes has a plurality of radially arranged troughs, each of which has approximately the length of a cigarette, is flat in the central region opposite the test stamp and is delimited in the two end regions by webs from the respectively adjacent troughs.
  • the ring-shaped test stamp can preferably be removed from the device and exchanged for a second ring, which after its assembly is located over the area of the filters of the cigarettes lying on the sample holder.
  • the test procedure for determining the hardness of the filter is identical to that for determining the hardness of the cigarettes.
  • the test stamp on a device for determining the filling capacity of tobacco is required Filling capacity determination with the measuring devices attached to it can be exchanged for the test stamp for hardness determination with the measuring devices located thereon and the container for filling capacity determination with the measuring devices located therein can be exchanged for the sample holder for hardness determination with the measuring devices located thereon.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 First of all, the structure of the device for determining the filling capacity of tobacco shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is described.
  • Two parallel guide rods 2 are attached to a base 4 and stabilized at their upper ends by a cross rod 6.
  • a test stamp 8 which is circular in cross section, is attached to a work crossmember 11 via a connecting rod 10.
  • the working crossmember 11 can be moved along the guide rods 2.
  • the forces occurring on the test stamp 8 can be determined via a dynamometer 12 which is installed between the connecting rod 10 and the lower side of the working crossmember 11.
  • the working crossmember 11 contains a frame 14 which can be moved along the guide rods 2 via slide bearings 16.
  • a stepper motor 18 is located at the upper end of the frame 14.
  • the stepper motor 18 drives a precision spindle 20 which is mounted at its lower end in a bearing 22 fastened to the frame 14.
  • a nut 24, which is in engagement with the precision spindle 20, is rigidly attached to a crossmember 26, which in turn is immovably connected to the guide rods 2.
  • This drive of the working crossmember 11 via the spindle 20 allows the working crossmember 11 to be raised or lowered; no rotatable parts appear on the outside; in particular, the dynamometer 12 is rigidly connected to the frame 14.
  • the Working crossmember 11 is covered by two cladding plates 28 which run in planes parallel to the plane in FIG. 2, as can be seen in FIG. 1.
  • the tobacco R is located in a cylindrical container 30, the inside diameter of which is slightly larger than the outside diameter of the test stamp 8.
  • the container 30 is seated on a slide 32, which slides on two rails 34 and is laterally displaceable, as shown in FIG.
  • a stop piece 36 on each rail 34 defines the exact position of the slide 32 and the container 30 with respect to the test stamp 8.
  • a limit switch 38 is attached to the crossbar 6 and is actuated when the working crossmember 11 moves upwards as soon as it has reached its highest intended position.
  • the stepper motor 18 is thereby safely switched off, regardless of the other control signals that it receives.
  • a flexible connecting cable 40 connects the stepper motor 18 to a stepper motor controller 42, see FIG. 1.
  • the stepper motor controller 42 is connected to a computer 44. Since the pitch of the precision spindle 20 is known, the position of the working crossmember 11 and thus of the test plunger 8 is obtained with high accuracy over the number of steps covered by the stepper motor 18. In order for this type of distance measurement to work, however, the absolute position of the test stamp 8 must be determined once after the device has been switched on. For this purpose, the test stamp 8 is moved to a set-up standard.
  • the stepper motor control 42 and the computer 44 keep track of all the forward and backward steps of the stepper motor 18, so that at any later point in time the absolute distance between the lower edge of the test stamp 8 and the predetermined zero point can be determined.
  • the process of setting up using the Setup standards are explained below in connection with the description of the method for determining the filling capacity of tobacco.
  • the stepper motor control 42 and the computer 44 therefore take on not only the control of the working crossmember 11, but also the measurement of the distance traveled by the test stamp 8.
  • the required transducers and interfaces are contained in the stepper motor 18, the stepper motor controller 42 and the computer 44.
  • a distance measurement could also be carried out via an external length measuring device, which reports the absolute position of the test stamp 8 at any time via a transducer and an interface to the computer 44.
  • the dynamometer 12 consists of a commercially available force measuring hub.
  • the measured values of the dynamometer 12 are supplied to the computer 44 via an interface 48. They differ from the force exerted by the test stamp 8 on the tobacco by a constant weight, since the dynamometer 12 is not mounted directly on the interface between the test stamp 8 and tobacco R.
  • the method for determining the filling capacity of tobacco allows a correction of the measured force values with respect to these constants and also enables calibration of the force meter 12 used, see below.
  • one or more dynamometers could also be installed below the container 30.
  • FIG. 3 shows an arrangement of temperature sensors and electrodes for determining the temperature and humidity of the tobacco R.
  • the test stamp 8 In its lower area, the test stamp 8 consists of an insulator 50, the lower edge of which defines the lower edge 51 of the test stamp. An insulator 54 is also attached to the bottom 52 of the container 30, the upper edge of which defines the upper edge 55 of the bottom.
  • a first temperature sensor 56 is inserted into the insulator 50 of the test stamp 8 and a second temperature sensor 58 into the insulator 54 at the bottom of the container 30.
  • the two temperature sensors are preferably Pt 100 resistors. These are precision platinum resistors through which a constant current is conducted in a known manner; the voltage drop measured along the resistors is a measure of the temperature.
  • the temperature sensors 56 and 58 are connected to a computer via measuring transducers (not shown) and interfaces.
  • This can be the computer 44.
  • two computers communicating with one another are used, a main computer and the computer 44 as a secondary computer. In this case, the temperature measurements are sent to the main computer.
  • the moisture of the tobacco R is determined by a resistance measurement.
  • a resistance measurement there are two first electrodes 60A and 60B on the insulator 50 of the test stamp 8 and two second electrodes 62A and 62B on the insulator 54 on the bottom of the container 30.
  • These electrodes are connected to a known measuring device for determining the moisture of tobacco (not shown), and the results for the moisture of the tobacco are transmitted to the computer, here the main computer, via an interface (not shown).
  • a moisture measurement works in such a way that an alternating voltage with constant amplitude is applied between two electrodes.
  • the current flowing through the tobacco is converted via a predetermined resistance into a voltage, which is therefore a measure of the electrical resistance of the tobacco and thus its moisture.
  • the measuring device for determining the moisture of the tobacco must occasionally be calibrated with the aid of tobacco of known moisture.
  • Metal disks 64 are attached to the insulator 54 between the second electrodes 62A and 62B at the bottom of the container 30. Corresponding metal disks are also located between the first electrodes 60A and 60B. When a voltage is applied to the first electrodes 60A, 60B or second electrodes 62A, 62B, these metal disks enlarge the tobacco area detected by the measurement and thus increase the reliability of the moisture measurements.
  • the inside of side wall 66 the container 30 is provided with an electrically insulating coating.
  • FIG. 4 shows how the electrodes are switched in the exemplary embodiment in order to determine the moisture content of the tobacco R.
  • a voltage is first applied between the two electrodes 60A and 60B.
  • the measured value U 1 corresponds to a first value for the moisture of the tobacco.
  • the temperature T 1 of the tobacco is measured via the first temperature sensor 56 and the measured values are fed to the main computer. This is shown in Figure 4 (a).
  • the voltage is then applied between the two electrodes 62A and 62B, Figure 4 (b).
  • Your measured value U 2 like the temperature T 2 determined by the second temperature sensor 58, is transmitted to the main computer.
  • the main computer can calculate representative mean values from the temperature values T 1 and T 2 and the voltage values U 1 and U 2 .
  • Figures 5 and 6 show a device for determining the hardness of cigarettes. This device is constructed similarly to the device for determining the filling capacity of tobacco, and the same or corresponding components are provided with reference numerals increased by 100.
  • Two guide rods 102 are fastened on a base 104 and connected at their upper ends by a cross rod 106.
  • An annular test stamp 108 with a pressure surface 109 is attached to a test stamp carrier 110.
  • the test stamp carrier 110 is connected via three dynamometers 112A, 112B and 112C to an intermediate piece 113 which is attached to the underside of the frame 114 of a working crossmember 111.
  • the work crossbar 111 is driven by a stepper motor 118.
  • the drive elements of the work traverse 111 such as a precision spindle, which is supported in a traverse, are the same as in the case of the device for determining the filling capacity of tobacco. For this reason, the components located within the work crossbar 111 are not shown again in FIG.
  • the stepper motor 118 is connected via a flexible connecting cable 140 to a stepper motor control 142, which in turn is connected to a computer 144, see FIG. 5.
  • the control of the up and down movement of the work crossbar 111 and the measurement of the distance traveled by the test stamp 108 is carried out precisely as in the device for determining the filling capacity of tobacco.
  • a limit switch 138 is attached to the crossbar 106.
  • three dynamometers 112A, 112B and 112C are provided in the exemplary embodiment, see FIG. 7 (a), which connect the large-area test stamp carrier 110 to the intermediate piece 113, see FIG 7 (b).
  • the dynamometers 112A, 112B and 112C can in turn be designed as commercially available force measuring hubs. They are connected to the computer 144 via a flexible connecting cable 146 and an interface 148. Alternatively, one or more dynamometers could also be installed on the sample holder 170 described in the following paragraph.
  • the cigarettes Z lie on a sample holder 170, which is attached to the base 104 via a holder 172.
  • the sample holder 170 is shown in particular in FIG. 7 (d) and in FIG. 8.
  • the surface of the sample holder 170 is essentially flat and runs parallel to the pressure surface 109 of the test stamp 108.
  • a plurality of cigarettes Z lie in a circular arrangement on the sample holder 170.
  • the position of each cigarette Z in the radial direction is determined by a cylindrical stop ring 174 , the height of which is approximately as large as the thickness of a cigarette Z, see FIG. 6 and FIG. 8 (b).
  • each trough 176 is delimited from the respective neighboring troughs by inner webs 180 and outer webs 182. These webs 180 and 182 are shown hatched in FIG. They rise above the level of the central areas 178.
  • the cigarettes Z1 and Z2 lie at both ends in trough regions due to the design of the inner webs 180 and the outer webs 182, which preferably have the shape of a cutout from a cylinder jacket.
  • the depth of both trough regions is preferably equal to the radius of a cigarette Z1, Z2, and the radius of an associated cylinder is somewhat larger than the radius of a cigarette Z1, Z2.
  • the inner webs 180 extend over one Length that is slightly larger than the length of a cigarette filter ZF1, ZF2.
  • the outer webs 182 are long enough to hold short cigarettes Z2 in addition to long cigarettes Z1.
  • Figure 8 (a) only two cigarettes Z1 and Z2 of different lengths are shown. As a rule, however, the sample holder 170 is completely filled with cigarettes Z of the same length and type.
  • the distance between the printing surface 109 of the test stamp 108 and the central areas 178 on the sample holder 170 is the same for all cigarettes Z. Since not all cigarettes Z have the same diameter due to manufacturing tolerances, they are compressed to different extents during the compression movement of the test stamp. The measured values obtained for the force exerted on the cigarettes are nevertheless reliable average values, since averaged over a large number of cigarettes becomes.
  • a flat central area 178 has the advantage over a curved one that the conditions are also comparable for cigarettes of different diameters, because there is no question of a suitable radius of curvature for the central area 178, which could only be optimally matched to a cigarette diameter.
  • the annular test stamp 108 can be unscrewed from the test stamp carrier 110 and replaced by a second ring or filter stamp 190.
  • the filter stamp 190 has a smaller radius than the test stamp 108 and lies opposite the filters ZF1, ZF2 of the cigarettes Z1, Z2 on the sample holder 170.
  • the temperature of the cigarettes Z is determined by means of one or more temperature sensors which are installed on the sample holder 170, on the test stamp 108 or on the test stamp carrier 110.
  • Pt 100 platinum precision resistors can be used for this purpose, which are connected to a main computer via a transducer and an interface, similar to that described above in connection with the device for determining the filling capacity of tobacco.
  • the moisture of the cigarettes, or more precisely, the tobacco in the cigarettes can also be measured in a comparable manner and transmitted to the computer.
  • the test stamp 108 can be switched as one electrode and the sample holder 170 as the other electrode of a voltage device, which determines the electrical resistance of the cigarettes Z lying on the sample holder 170 via a current measurement. Because the current also flows through the cigarette paper, its electrical resistance must be taken into account as an empirical variable in the measurement in order to determine the resistance and thus the moisture of the tobacco in the Close cigarettes. Calibration measurements are required for this.
  • the devices described for determining the filling capacity of tobacco and the hardness of cigarettes are largely identical.
  • the same apparatus can therefore be used to drive the test stamps 8 and 108 and to record and process the measured values for distance, force, temperature and humidity.
  • a functional device for determining the filling capacity of tobacco into a functional device for determining the hardness of cigarettes
  • only the test stamp 8 with the connecting rod 10 and the associated dynamometer 12, including the measuring devices for temperature and humidity, attached to the test stamp 8, against the Test stamp 108 located on the test stamp carrier 110 with the measuring devices for temperature and humidity attached to it and the force gauges 112A, 112B and 112C mounted on the intermediate piece 113 can be exchanged.
  • the sample holder 170 takes place on the holder 172 with the measuring devices for temperature and humidity located thereon.
  • the force gauges 12 or 112A, 112B, 112C can also be located below the container 30, e.g. be attached to the slide 32, or to the sample holder 170 or the holder 172.
  • the method for determining the filling capacity of tobacco which is carried out with the explained device for determining the filling capacity of tobacco, is described below.
  • the measurements are made on cut tobacco; Peeled leaf tobacco or the full leaves of a small-leaved tobacco could also be used.
  • the control, data acquisition and data processing is carried out in the exemplary embodiment by two computers.
  • the computer 44 henceforth called secondary computer, controls the stepper motor 18, whereby the position of the test stamp 8 is known, and takes the measured values for the force exerted on the cut tobacco.
  • This secondary computer communicates with a main computer, to which the devices for measuring the temperature and humidity of the cut tobacco are connected, and which also takes over the further data evaluation.
  • all control, data acquisition and evaluation processes can be carried out just as well from a single computer.
  • the length of the tobacco column between the lower edge 51 of the test stamp 8 and the upper edge 55 of the bottom of the container 30 is henceforth referred to as the residual height RH.
  • the upper edge 55 of the base indicates the zero point position O for the position of the test stamp 8. Due to the set-up procedure described below for determining a starting position of the test stamp 8 in absolute length units, all values for the residual height RH are automatically related to the zero point position O.
  • test sequence i.e. the individual process steps for determining the filling capacity of cut tobacco are explained.
  • the measuring range A of the dynamometer 12 the height E of a set-up standard 68, the distance L between the upper edge 55 of the base and the upper edge of the container 30, the position G of the starting position of the test stamp 8 with respect to the zero point 0, the time interval H between individual measurements during the relaxation period, the distance M between the lower edge 51 of the test stamp 8 and the upper edge 55 of the bottom of the container 30, at which data acquisition is started, the test speed N, at which the test stamp 8 during the compression of the cut tobacco, the maximum force F (MAX), when reached the compression process is ended and the test stamp 8 is stopped, the measuring interval P during the compression process, the relaxation period Q (order of minutes) and the position V of the starting position of the test stamp 8 with respect to the zero point position O.
  • a set-up standard 68 for example a cylinder of known height E with a holding edge, is placed on the upper edge of the container 30 and the command to start the set-up is given to the main computer, see FIG. 9 (b).
  • the main computer transmits the command signal "a" to the secondary computer.
  • the test stamp 8 is lowered until shortly before the set-up standard 68, and then the set-up standard 68 is approached to a defined force, which is determined via the dynamometer 12.
  • the absolute value for this position of the test stamp 8 is L + E, see FIG. 9 (a) and FIG. 9 (b).
  • test stamp 8 Since this value is known, all future positions of the test stamp 8 can be determined via the number of steps (forward or backward) covered by the stepping motor 18, as already explained.
  • the test stamp 8 moved to the starting position G, and the slave computer sends a signal BS2 to the main computer, which indicates that the starting position G has been reached.
  • the device is now ready for measurements on cut tobacco.
  • the main computer After the set-up standard 68 has been removed from the container 30, data for the test designation and characteristic data for the cut tobacco, the filling capacity of which is to be determined, are input into the main computer.
  • the cut tobacco sample is weighed out (e.g. 400 g), and the tobacco mass is automatically received by the main computer to which the scale is connected.
  • the cut tobacco can then be filled into the container 30. It is useful that the container 30 is slidable on the carriage 32 along the rails 34, the precise position with respect to the test stamp 8 being defined by the stop pieces 36.
  • the main computer transmits the control command "c" to the secondary computer, which then first controls the sample stamp 8 to point M, see FIG. 9 (c).
  • a relaxation measurement for the cut tobacco R is now carried out during the relaxation period Q, in that the secondary computer receives and stores measured values for the force F with the interval H.
  • the main computer causes the measurements of the temperatures T 1 and T 2 and the moisture-relevant voltage values U 1 and U 2 , as in the Description of the device for determining the filling capacity of tobacco explained. These values are transferred to the main computer and saved there.
  • the secondary computer sends the control signal BS9 to the main computer, whereupon the latter outputs the control signal "i" to the secondary computer. This causes the secondary computer to move the test stamp 8 back to its starting position G. When the starting position G is reached, the secondary computer outputs the control signal BS3 to the main computer.
  • the main computer then requests all measured values of the test sequence from the secondary computer via the control signal "k".
  • the measured values are transmitted and stored in the format "force F, residual height RH, test area", the parameter for the test area distinguishing between the values for the compression measurement and those for the relaxation measurement.
  • the values for the force F have already been corrected with regard to the offset.
  • the main computer displays a compression curve and a relaxation curve for the tested cut tobacco from the measured data, from which values for the filling capacity can be taken.
  • the main computer uses the data available for the tobacco type identifier and the measured temperature and humidity to correct the curves or filling capacity values obtained to standard conditions. This is explained in more detail below.
  • the test stamp 8 remains in the starting position G. As soon as a new cut tobacco sample has been filled into the container 30, a further measurement to determine the filling capacity can begin. The following test sequence is initiated by the user with a new command command to the main computer, which then transmits the control signal "c" to the secondary computer. A renewed setup to determine the absolute position of the test stamp 8 is generally not necessary. With critical However, the main computer sends error messages back to the work traverse 11 via the control signal "m" in the starting position with a stop at the limit switch 38.
  • the control signal "m" is emitted, for example, when the force absorbed by the dynamometer 12 exceeds a predetermined limit value or when switches of the safety devices of the system are not closed. In these cases, and basically when the device is switched on, the setting-up by means of the setting-up standard 68 must be repeated.
  • the calibration of the force meter 12 should be checked at periodic intervals.
  • a calibrated calibration measuring hub 69 is used, which is placed under the test stamp 8 instead of the container 30, see FIG. 10.
  • the height C of the calibration measuring hub 69 above the zero point position O and the starting position G 'for calibration measurements are transferred as parameters from the main computer to the secondary computer .
  • the test stamp moves from the starting position G 'to the calibration measuring hub 69 at a minimum speed.
  • the force measurement values obtained via the dynamometer 12 can then be compared with those of the calibrated calibration measuring hub 69 in order to correct the values obtained from the dynamometer 12, if necessary .
  • the value pairs of the compression measurement force F, residual height RH at constant speed N of the test stamp 8
  • the mass m of the cut tobacco about 400 g with a volume of the container 30 of about 5 liters
  • the temperature measurements T 1 , T 2 and their mean T the voltage values U 1
  • a compression curve can be represented from the measured value pairs of the compression measurement, see FIG. 11.
  • the force F acting on the tobacco is plotted as a function of the residual height RH.
  • the remaining height RH decreases from left to right. Since in the exemplary embodiment the test stamp 8 is moved at a constant speed N, there is a linear relationship between the residual height RH and the time t K elapsed during the compression of the cut tobacco; the time t K increases from left to right.
  • the curve in FIG. 11 ends at the maximum force F (MAX).
  • the "filling capacity" FF of the cut tobacco can be described as the residual height RH1 with a defined test force F1, see FIG. 11.
  • the force F determined during the relaxation measurement is plotted in FIG. 12 as a function of the time t R for two different types of tobacco.
  • the curves plotted in FIG. 12 represent the solid / liquid behavior of the two types of tobacco examined.
  • the standard conditions are, for example, 400 g tobacco mass, a temperature of 22 ° C and a tobacco moisture content of 12% (based on the total substance).
  • the corrections can be carried out after the relaxation measurement in the main computer as explained below, so that after a measurement the corrected value of the filling capacity can already be output.
  • correction steps listed below are all based on known, empirical relationships. When calculating them, empirical coefficients are used that are specific to the tobacco mixture examined. These correction coefficients are stored in the main computer.
  • the filling capacity FF (0) (corresponds to RH1) for a given mass, moisture and temperature of the cut tobacco is obtained, for example, by spline interpolation.
  • a mass correction is carried out by normalizing to the balanced tobacco mass, which provides a corrected filling capacity value FF (1).
  • the measured value U for the voltage depends directly on the temperature T. This must be taken into account when the actual moisture WG of the tobacco is calculated using U.
  • the filling capacity at a given humidity also depends directly on the temperature T.
  • FF f (T)
  • the filling capacity FF (1) can be converted into the filling capacity value FF (2) at 22 ° C and the given humidity WG of the tobacco.
  • Another equation finally allows the conversion of FF (2) to FF (3) when using the actual moisture WG, where FF (3) is the filling capacity value corrected to a tobacco moisture of 12% and thus the filling capacity value completely corrected to standard conditions examined tobacco variety.
  • the procedure for determining the hardness of cigarettes is practically the same as the procedure for determining the fillability of tobacco.
  • the same computer programs can even be used. Only the values for some of the parameters entered in the main computer are different.
  • the zero point position O is defined by the surface of the sample holder 170 in the central regions 178 of the troughs 176 for the cigarettes Z.
  • the residual height RH now corresponds to this "residual thickness" of the cigarettes; it is determined by the distance between the surface of the sample holder 170 in the central regions 178 and the pressure surface 109 of the test stamp 108.
  • the total force F exerted on the cigarettes is equal to the sum of the offset-corrected forces which are indicated by the three dynamometers 112A, 112B, 112C.
  • FIG. 13 shows a compression curve measured on cigarettes.
  • the force F1 defining the starting position should be chosen to be as small as possible.
  • FIG. 12 shows two relaxation curves measured on cigarettes. They are similar to the relaxation curves of cut tobacco.
  • the hardness values are again mixture-specific depending on the parameters temperature, tobacco moisture and tobacco weight per cigarette.
  • the hardness values like the filling capacity values for cut tobacco, can be corrected to standard conditions using empirical relationships, with the addition of empirically known properties of the cigarette paper must be taken into account in order to infer the moisture of the tobacco contained in the cigarette from the moisture-relevant measurement values.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing Of Cigar And Cigarette Tobacco (AREA)

Claims (20)

  1. Procédé pour déterminer la capacité de remplissage de tabac, dans lequel on exerce une force au moyen d'un poinçon mobile (8) sur une quantité donnée de tabac dans un récipient (30) refermé sur un côté par le poinçon d'essai mobile (8), et dans lequel on mesure la longueur de la colonne de tabac soumise à l'action de la force, ainsi que le temps, caractérisé en ce que pour exercer la force, le poinçon d'essai (8) est entraîné d'une façon prédéterminée au moyen d'un moteur (18), et le tabac (R) est comprimé, en ce que la force exercée sur le tabac (R) est mesurée au niveau du poinçon d'essai (8) ou au niveau d'une surface de support du récipient (30), en ce que la longueur de la colonne de tabac est mesurée par la course de déplacement parcourue par le poinçon d'essai (8), en ce que les valeurs mesurées pour la force et la course sont saisies pendant la compression et envoyées à un calculateur (44) pour la poursuite du traitement, par l'intermédiaire de convertisseurs de valeurs mesurées et d'interfaces (42, 48), et en ce que la température du tabac (R) et/ou l'humidité du tabac (R) sont déterminées comme paramètres supplémentaires déterminants pour la valeur de la capacité de remplissage, dans des mesures indépendantes, et sont admises à un calculateur.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que, après terminaison du mouvement du compression du poinçon d'essai (8), le poinçon d'essai (8) demeure dans sa position finale pendant une période de relaxation, et en ce que pendant la période de relaxation, la force agissant sur le tabac (R) est mesurée à des intervalles de temps prédéterminés et envoyée au calculateur (44) pour la poursuite du traitement.
  3. Procédé selon l'une ou l'autre des revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce que la température du tabac (R) est déterminée pendant ou immédiatement après la compression, comme paramètre déterminant pour la valeur de la capacité de remplissage, au moyen de dispositifs de mesure agencés dans le récipient (30) ou sur le poinçon d'essai (8).
  4. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1, 2 ou 3, caractérisé en ce que l'humidité du tabac (R) est déterminée pendant ou immédiatement après la compression comme paramètre déterminant pour la valeur de la capacité de remplissage, au moyen de dispositifs de mesure (60A, 60B, 62A, 62B) agencés dans le récipient (30) ou sur le poinçon d'essai (8).
  5. Procédé pour déterminer la dureté de cigarettes, dans lequel on exerce une force sur un nombre prédéterminé de cigarettes (Z), qui reposent sur un porte-échantillon essentiellement plat (170) et depuis un poinçon d'essai (108) mobile perpendiculairement à la surface du porte-échantillon (170) et présentant une surface de compression (109) qui s'étend parallèlement à la surface du porte-échantillon (170), et dans lequel l'épaisseur des cigarettes (Z) soumises à l'action de la force, ainsi que le temps, sont mesurés, caractérisé en ce que, pour exercer la force, le poinçon d'essai (108) est entraîné d'une façon prédéterminée au moyen d'un moteur (118), et les cigarettes (Z) sont comprimées, en ce que la force exercée sur les cigarettes (Z) est mesurée au niveau du poinçon d'essai (108) ou bien au niveau du porte-échantillon (170), en ce que l'on mesure l'épaisseur des cigarettes (Z) par la course de déplacement parcourue par le poinçon d'essai (108), en ce que les valeurs mesurées pour la force et pour la course pendant la compression sont saisies et envoyées à un calculateur (145) pour la poursuite du traitement, par l'intermédiaire de convertisseurs de valeurs et d'interfaces (142, 148), et en ce que la température des cigarettes (Z) et/ou l'humidité des cigarettes (Z) sont déterminées comme autres paramètres déterminants pour la valeur de la dureté, dans des mesures indépendantes, et sont admises à un calculateur.
  6. Procédé selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que après la terminaison du mouvement de compression du poinçon d'essai (108), le poinçon d'essai (108) demeure dans sa position finale pendant une période de relaxation, et en ce que pendant la période de relaxation, on mesure à des intervalles temporels prédéterminés la force qui agit sur les cigarettes (Z) et on la transmet au calculateur (144) pour la poursuite du traitement.
  7. Procédé selon l'une ou l'autre des revendications 5 et 6, caractérisé en ce que la température et/ou l'humidité des cigarettes (Z) sont déterminées pendant ou immédiatement après la compression, comme paramètres déterminants pour la valeur de la dureté, au moyen de dispositifs de mesure agencés sur le poinçon d'essai (108) et/ou sur le porte-échantillon (170).
  8. Appareil pour déterminer la capacité de remplissage de tabac, comprenant un récipient (30) ouvert d'un côté afin de recevoir le tabac (R), un poinçon d'essai (8) mobile dans une direction en pénétration dans le récipient, et refermant celui-ci, destiné à exercer une force sur le tabac (R), un dispositif de mesure de course (18, 42, 44) pour déterminer la longueur de la colonne de tabac qui se trouve entre le poinçon d'essai (8) et une paroi (55) du récipient (30) opposé audit poinçon d'essai, ainsi qu'un dispositif de mesure de temps (44), caractérisé par un dispositif d'entraînement (11) pour le poinçon d'essai (8), commandé par un calculateur (44) et contenant un moteur (18), destiné à appliquer la force sur le tabac (R) ; par des éléments de mesure d'efforts (12) agencés sur le poinçon d'essai (8) ou sur la surface d'appui du récipient (30), ainsi que par des convertisseurs de valeurs mesurées et par des interfaces (42 48) pour saisir automatiquement les valeurs de mesure pour la force et la longueur de la colonne de tabac, et leur transmission à un calculateur (44).
  9. Appareil selon la revendication 8, caractérisé par des dispositifs de mesure (56, 58), agencés dans le récipient (30) ou sur le poinçon d'essai (8), pour déterminer la température du tabac (R), ainsi que par des convertisseurs de valeurs mesurées et par des interfaces pour saisir automatiquement les valeurs représentant la température, et pour les transmettre à un calculateur.
  10. Appareil selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que, au niveau de la surface (51) du poinçon d'essai (8) en contact avec le tabac (R), et au niveau de la paroi intérieure (55) du récipient (30) située à l'opposé de celui-ci, sont agencées respectivement une résistance de précision en platine (56, 58) pour déterminer la température du tabac (R).
  11. Appareil selon l'une des revendications 8, 9 ou 10, caractérisé par des dispositifs de mesure (60A, 60B, 62A, 62B), agencés dans le récipient (30) ou sur le poinçon d'essai (8), pour déterminer l'humidité du tabac (R), ainsi que par des convertisseurs de valeurs mesurées et par des interfaces pour saisir automatiquement les valeurs représentant l'humidité, et pour les transmettre à un calculateur.
  12. Appareil selon la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce que, sur la surface (51) du poinçon d'essai (8) en contact avec le tabac (R), et sur la paroi intérieure (55) du récipient (30) située à l'opposé de celui-ci, sont agencés respectivement un agencement formé de plusieurs électrodes isolées les unes des autres (60A, 60B, 62A, 62B), lesdites électrodes pouvant être branchées à une source de tension, afin de déterminer la conductivité au moyen du courant qui s'écoule à travers le tabac (R) et/ou au moyen de la tension mesurée, comme constituant une mesure de l'humidité du tabac (R).
  13. Appareil selon l'une des revendications 8 à 12, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif d'entraînement (11) pour le poinçon d'essai (8) comporte une broche de précision (20) mise en rotation par un moteur pas à pas (18), et le nombre des pas parcourus par le moteur pas à pas (18) étant utilisable comme mesure pour la longueur de la colonne de tabac.
  14. Appareil pour déterminer la dureté de cigarettes, comprenant un porte-échantillon (170) essentiellement plan pour recevoir les cigarettes (Z), un poinçon d'essai (108) mobile perpendiculairement à la surface du porte-échantillon (170), pour exercer une force sur les cigarettes (Z), et présentant une surface de compression (109) qui s'étend parallèlement à la surface du porte-échantillon (170), un dispositif de mesure de course (118, 142, 144) pour déterminer l'épaisseur des cigarettes (Z) qui se trouvent entre la surface de compression (109) du poinçon d'essai (108) et la surface supérieure du porte-échantillon (170), ainsi qu'un dispositif de mesure de temps (54), caractérisé par un dispositif d'entraînement (111) pour le poinçon d'essai (108), contenant un moteur (118) et commandé par un calculateur (144), afin d'appliquer la force sur les cigarettes (Z) ; par un dispositif de mesure d'efforts (112A, 112B, 112C) agencé sur le poinçon d'essai (108) ou sur le porte-échantillon (170) ; ainsi que par des convertisseurs de valeurs de mesure et par des interfaces (142, 148) pour saisir automatiquement les valeurs mesurées pour la force et l'épaisseur des cigarettes (Z) pour les transmettre à un calculateur (144).
  15. Appareil selon la revendication 14, caractérisé par des dispositifs de mesure agencés sur le porte-échantillon (170) ou sur le poinçon d'essai (108) pour déterminer la température des cigarettes (Z), ainsi que par des convertisseurs de valeurs mesurées et par des interfaces pour saisir automatiquement les valeurs représentant la température et pour les transmettre à un calculateur.
  16. Appareil selon l'une ou l'autre des revendications 14 et 15, caractérisée par des dispositifs de mesure agencés sur le porte-échantillon (170), ou sur le poinçon d'essai (108) pour déterminer l'humidité des cigarettes (Z), ainsi que par des convertisseurs de valeurs mesurées par des interfaces pour saisir automatiquement les valeurs représentant l'humidité et pour les transmettre à un calculateur.
  17. Appareil selon l'une des revendications 14, 15 ou 16, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif d'entraînement (111) pour le poinçon d'essai (108) comporte une broche de précision mise en rotation par un moteur pas à pas (118), le nombre des pas parcourus par le moteur pas à pas (118) étant utilisable comme mesure pour l'épaisseur des cigarettes (Z).
  18. Appareil selon l'une des revendications 14 à 17, caractérisé en ce que le poinçon d'essai (108) est réalisé sous forme annulaire, et en ce que le porte-échantillon (170) comporte une pluralité de moulures agencées radialement (176) pour recevoir les cigarettes (Z), lesdites moulures ayant respectivement environ la longueur d'une cigarette (Z1, Z2, Z), et dans lesdites moulures, les zones centrales (178) opposées au poinçon d'essai (108) sont réalisées de manière plane, et les deux zones d'extrémité sont délimitées vis-à-vis des moulures respectivement voisines au moyen de barrettes (180, 182).
  19. Appareil selon la revendication 18, caractérisé en ce que le poinçon d'essai annulaire (108) est susceptible d'être enlevé de l'appareil et échangé contre un second anneau (190) qui se trouve vis-à-vis de la région des filtres (ZF1, ZF2) des cigarettes (Z) reposant sur le porte-échantillon (170) et qui peut être utilisé pour une détermination de la dureté des filtres (ZF1, ZF2).
  20. Appareil pour déterminer au choix la capacité de remplissage de tabac ou bien la dureté de cigarettes, selon l'une des revendications 8 à 13 d'une part et selon l'une des revendications 14 à 19 d'autre part, caractérisé en ce que, sur un appareil pour déterminer la capacité de remplissage de tabac selon l'une des revendications 8 à 13, le poinçon d'essai (8, 10) pour déterminer la capacité de remplissage peut être échangé, avec les dispositifs de mesure qui s'y trouvent le cas échéant (12, 56, 60A, 62B), contre le poinçon d'essai (108, 110, 113) pour déterminer la dureté, avec les dispositifs de mesure (112A, 112B, 112C) qui s'y trouvent le cas échéant et selon l'une des revendications 14 à 19, et en ce que le récipient (30) pour déterminer la capacité de remplissage avec les dispositifs de mesure qui s'y trouvent (58, 62A, 62B) et selon l'une des revendications 8 à 13, peut être échangé contre le porte-échantillon (170) pour déterminer la dureté avec les dispositifs de mesure qui s'y trouvent, selon l'une des revendications 14 à 19.
EP90115014A 1989-09-02 1990-08-04 Dispositif et appareil pour tester la maniabilité de tabac et la dureté des cigarettes Expired - Lifetime EP0416295B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3929155A DE3929155A1 (de) 1989-09-02 1989-09-02 Verfahren und vorrichtung zum bestimmen der fuellfaehigkeit von tabak und der haerte von cigaretten
DE3929155 1989-09-02

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EP0416295A2 EP0416295A2 (fr) 1991-03-13
EP0416295A3 EP0416295A3 (en) 1992-10-28
EP0416295B1 true EP0416295B1 (fr) 1997-05-02

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US (1) US5209124A (fr)
EP (1) EP0416295B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH03254670A (fr)
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DE3929155A1 (de) 1991-03-14
JPH03254670A (ja) 1991-11-13
EP0416295A3 (en) 1992-10-28
DE3929155C2 (fr) 1993-06-17
DE59010709D1 (de) 1997-06-05
US5209124A (en) 1993-05-11
CA2022790A1 (fr) 1991-03-02
EP0416295A2 (fr) 1991-03-13

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