EP0415156B1 - Procédé et appareil pour commander une ouvreuse des balles - Google Patents

Procédé et appareil pour commander une ouvreuse des balles Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0415156B1
EP0415156B1 EP90115424A EP90115424A EP0415156B1 EP 0415156 B1 EP0415156 B1 EP 0415156B1 EP 90115424 A EP90115424 A EP 90115424A EP 90115424 A EP90115424 A EP 90115424A EP 0415156 B1 EP0415156 B1 EP 0415156B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
bale
bales
take
row
sensor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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EP90115424A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0415156A1 (fr
Inventor
Thomas Gloor
Jost Aebli
Jürg Faas
Heinz Biber
Christoph Staeheli
Martin Kyburz
Peter Anderegg
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Maschinenfabrik Rieter AG
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Maschinenfabrik Rieter AG
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Priority claimed from DE19893926482 external-priority patent/DE3926482A1/de
Priority claimed from DE19893943322 external-priority patent/DE3943322A1/de
Application filed by Maschinenfabrik Rieter AG filed Critical Maschinenfabrik Rieter AG
Publication of EP0415156A1 publication Critical patent/EP0415156A1/fr
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01G—PRELIMINARY TREATMENT OF FIBRES, e.g. FOR SPINNING
    • D01G7/00—Breaking or opening fibre bales
    • D01G7/06—Details of apparatus or machines
    • D01G7/10—Arrangements for discharging fibres

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for operating a bale removal machine with a removal member, in which the height profile of a row of bales is determined by means of at least one sensor directed at the bale surface and used to control the position of the removal member during the subsequent bale removal, and a device for carrying out this method .
  • a method or a device of this type has already been described in DE-PS 31 53 246.
  • three sensors in the form of optical proximity switches are attached to the boom carrying the removal member. This is moved manually over the first bale in the row of bales. After pressing a start button, the boom drops. As soon as the first sensor emits a signal, the current meter reading is transferred to a memory. The same thing happens for every additional sensor. When the last sensor has also given its signal, the downward movement is stopped, the tower with the boom starts to move along the row of bales at a slow speed and the boom is adjusted to the measurement determined by the first responsive sensor plus a certain one Amount raised. When it arrives there, the boom drops again and the height is determined as above.
  • the aim of this first pass is to bring the row of bales to a uniform height so that subsequent removal operations can always be carried out with fixed delivery depths. This procedure does not take into account the different hardness of the different bales or the different components of the bale row.
  • a similar bale removal machine of the same type is known from DE-A-31 35 272.
  • European application 85 115 579 (publication number 193 647) of the present applicant describes a method for removing fiber flakes from textile fiber bales, in which the infeed for each removal movement along the row of bales is selected according to the bale hardness in the different areas of the bale.
  • This version takes into account the fact that bales have a different density, ie hardness, and in such a way that the hardness in the upper and lower area of the bale is lower than in the middle area, so that the infeed depth in the upper and lower area may be greater than in middle range.
  • this document also does not describe the determination of the hardness of the bales.
  • bale removal machine In practice, however, this is of greater importance, at least if you always want to operate a bale removal machine at the upper limits of performance in order to economically maintain maximum production. You can work with empirical values for the hardness of the individual bales, but in many cases this is not very accurate. For example, when creating a row of bales from bales of different origins (called components), some of the higher bales of a component are manually removed and placed on lower bales of the same component. This falsifies the assumed hardness distribution for the individual bales. Furthermore, bales of different provenances come from different areas by definition, they are therefore pressed together with different systems and have different fiber properties, so that the hardness distribution of the bales of different origins is also different.
  • components some of the higher bales of a component are manually removed and placed on lower bales of the same component. This falsifies the assumed hardness distribution for the individual bales.
  • bales of different provenances come from different areas by definition, they are therefore
  • the conceptual division of the bales into superimposed layers of different densities is carried out before the bale is removed, depending on the type of fibers involved, their origin, etc., and it is possible from the start to provide more than the three layers shown in the example shown.
  • the selected number of layers with different degrees of density corresponds to the number of detectors to be mounted on the guide rail, the mutual spacing of the detectors, preferably implemented as microswitches, corresponding to the thickness of the individual fiber material layers.
  • the detectors are position sensors which are arranged in such a way that they determine the previously defined, successively vertical working zones on the bales for the movable carriage of the bale removal machine.
  • the object of the present invention is to improve the method or the device of the type mentioned at the outset in such a way that overall one can work more economically, taking into account the hardness of the individual bales or components of the bale row, this hardness preferably already during the Determination of the height profile should be determined at the same time.
  • the received signal of the preferably optical, acoustic or radar wave sensor is processed to obtain a signal corresponding to the bale hardness, and that the infeed and possibly also the penetration depth of the removal member is controlled or regulated in accordance with this hardness signal .
  • the invention therefore works with a measuring sensor, which is also attached to the boom or the tower supporting the boom and is moved over the bale row at a uniform height during the height sensing.
  • the signals thus generated are then also evaluated according to the invention for determining the bale hardness in the surface area immediately below the measuring sensor, in which case the infeed can also be determined precisely using this relatively precise information, with a view to the desire to achieve the highest possible production or maintain.
  • the infeed i.e. the amount by which the entire removal member is moved down for the next processing of the row of bales, but also the depth of penetration of the removal member, i.e.
  • the amount by which the working elements, for example teeth of the removal member, move through the assigned grate stretching depends on the hardness of the bale to be removed, so that the present invention makes it possible to optimally adapt both the infeed and the penetration depth to the respective bale hardness.
  • the sensor signal into a hardness signal. If the hardness of the surface areas of the bale is high, the sound energy density recovered is greater than if it were a softer bale surface.
  • the hardness of the surface area can thus be derived from the amplitude of the received signal, the decrease in amplitude having to be taken into account with increasing distance between the measuring sensor and the bale surface.
  • the hardness signal is preferably determined from the fluctuations, in particular from the amplitude fluctuations of the sensor signals.
  • This can take place, for example, in that the hardness signal is determined by summing the deviations of the sensor signal from the mean value of this signal which are provided with positive signs.
  • Also generally applicable mathematical algorithms are known which make it possible to obtain the mean amplitude fluctuations of the sensor signals from these signals, the sensor signal being sampled at a frequency higher than the fundamental frequency of the signal, ie the fundamental frequency of the fluctuating or sensor signals.
  • the bale surface is scanned at various successive points. This is necessary because the time interval between successive measurements must be chosen to be long enough to take into account the transit time of the ultrasound signal and the transit time of the electronic signals. There must also be a certain safety margin between successive measurements so that the ultrasonic vibrations of one measurement can subside before the next measurement is made.
  • the hardness can be determined separately for each bale or for each component of the bale row. Thus, in the subsequent processing of the bales, a different infeed depth or reach-through depth can be selected for each bale or for each component.
  • the transfer of parts of one bale to another bale does not lead to any particular disruption to the working process, since the hardness of the bale surface is always measured up to date.
  • both the height profile and the hardness profile can be determined according to the invention with each pass.
  • bale removal machines in which bale rows are arranged on both sides of the bale removal machine, it is also possible to determine the height profile and the hardness profile of the one bale row while the other bale row is being removed.
  • the height profile scanned during a first pass of the removal member along a row of bales is preferably read into a computer which, on the basis of this height profile and the calculated hardness profile, calculates a delivery profile which changes over the length of the row of bales and in which the production takes into account the desired mixing ratio the provenance of the individual bales is kept almost at a maximum.
  • the computer is preferably programmed in such a way that, in the case of several passes, it endeavors to remove all bales in accordance with the hardness measured and the desired mixing ratio in such a way that at the end of the removal the whole row is removed without any significant bale residues.
  • Such a method facilitates the subsequent installation of a new row of bales and simplifies the subsequent removal of the new row of bales; this avoids unnecessary restrictions on the height and hardness of the new bale row.
  • the computer works in such a way that with each pass it always strives for a depth of infeed or a depth of infeed profile that is increasingly approximated to a horizontal line. To achieve this, of course, certain small losses in production must be accepted. However, these are overall less than the losses that occur without the inventive method.
  • a further increase in the utilization of the bale removal machine can be achieved in that the removal of the bale row already takes place in the first pass with simultaneous detection of the height profile, the removal member being constantly adjusted to the bale height in the first pass.
  • the determination of the height of the bale simultaneously with the detachment of fiber flakes from the bale surface is known per se from DE-PS 33 35 793.
  • two sensors are used there, which are arranged at different heights and parallel to the surface of the bale row. These sensors neither allow a very precise determination of the height profile of the fiber bales nor a determination of the hardness of the bales.
  • the procedure according to the invention is preferably such that the actual value of the flake flow is determined on the basis of the infeed depth and the respective hardness signal and the infeed depth in order to comply with the specified value or a maximum flocculation is regulated.
  • the actual value of the flake flow corresponds to the product of the infeed depth with the hardness signal, whereby of course geometric constants, such as the width of the bale row and the speed of movement of the bale removal machine along the bale row, must be taken into account.
  • the accuracy of the fiber mixture resulting from the various components is improved, particularly in those spinning mills in which the mixing ratios are primarily determined by the work of the bale removal machine.
  • the method according to the invention also offers the possibility of determining the beginning or the end of the bale row and, if appropriate, the presence and the length of gaps between the bales of the row by means of the sensor signal.
  • the sensor signal is reflected from the ground or from the bale carrier, which is at a known distance from the measuring sensor and can therefore be easily recognized by the sensor signal.
  • the ground or a bale carrier are very hard objects compared to the bales, so that the amplitude fluctuations of the Sensor signal are low, whereby the presence of the soil or the bale carrier and also the vertical bale boundaries can or can be determined from the sensor signal.
  • the acoustic signal emitted by the measuring sensor reflects with relatively small losses on the floor or on the carrier, reflects again on the measuring sensor or on the boom and then is received again by the measuring sensor after being reflected again on the ground.
  • the double signal i.e. the reception signal after the first reflection and the reception signal after the second reflection on the ground represent a special identifier for the ground or bale carrier.
  • the method according to the invention is preferably characterized in such a way that a signal proportional to the travel path of the removal member along the row of bales is generated and used by the computer when calculating the height profile or the infeed depth profile or the hardness profile is taken into account.
  • the corresponding signal which is proportional to the travel path of the removal member, can be generated by the drive itself in the case of a form-fitting and slip-free drive of the tower along the row of bales, for example by means of chains and sprockets.
  • a gear wheel or a perforated disk can be coupled to the shaft of the drive motor for the travel movement, the gear wheel or the perforated disk serving as a counting wheel and functioning together with an initiator as a pulse generator, the pulses of which are fed to the microprocessor via a line.
  • impulses indicate the path of the removal device, ie they are proportional to it.
  • the microprocessor or the controller is thus informed at all times of the exact position of the removal member in the longitudinal direction of the bale removal machine.
  • the necessary signals can be reliably determined by means of a path determination device that is independent of the slippage.
  • a path determination device that is independent of the slippage.
  • known guideway measuring devices in the form of magnetic strips and linear measuring devices, such as are used in the guides of machine tools, can be used here.
  • Such known magnetic stripe or linear measuring devices are, however, relatively complex, so that their use in bale removal machines in which the tower can be moved over a considerable distance, for example 20 m or more, can lead to considerable costs. It is therefore a further object of the present application to provide a guideway measuring device, in particular for a bale removal machine, which determines the current longitudinal position of the movable part, for example the tower, on the bale removal machine independently of any slippage of the drive system, the guideway measuring device being robust, reliable, maintenance-free and should be inexpensive and insensitive to dirt and interference.
  • the present invention provides a travel path measuring device, in particular for a bale removal machine with a non-slip-free drive system and with a mobile tower which can be moved along a row of bales by means of the drive system, characterized by an elongated part which extends along the row of bales and which is either fixedly arranged or connected to the tower and moves with it, by a scanning device which, depending on the arrangement of the elongated part, either along the mobile tower or at a specific point the bale row is arranged, the elongated part scans slip-free during the movement of the tower and every time the tower emits a pulse, and by a counting device which counts the pulses and generates a signal proportional to the route.
  • the elongated part consists of a rail and the scanning device consists of a wheel which, arranged on the tower, rolls along the rail without slippage, a pulse generator for delivering pulses being coupled to the wheel.
  • the scanning device consists of a wheel which, arranged on the tower, rolls along the rail without slippage, a pulse generator for delivering pulses being coupled to the wheel.
  • the rail can be designed as a toothed rack and the wheel as a toothed wheel meshing with it.
  • Another possibility is to form the elongated part by a chain which is attached to the tower and can be deflected around deflection devices at both ends of the bale row during a circular movement caused by the movement of the tower along the row of bales.
  • a scanning device is used, which is formed by a chain wheel which can be driven by the chain, a pulse generator for delivering pulses with the a fixed point of the row of bales arranged sprocket is coupled.
  • a very economical arrangement is achieved if the chain wheel is formed by one of the deflection devices.
  • Another possibility is to form the elongated part by means of a structure having regularly repeating narrower and wider areas, for example by means of a perforated rail or a tightly tensioned chain or an elongated structure having teeth and gaps, this structure being provided by a light barrier or inductive scanning device, or can be scanned by a mechanical switch device whose receiving circuit emits the pulses.
  • An elongated structure of this type which modulates the output signal of the scanning device, can in particular extend along the flock transport channel (suction channel) of a bale removal machine and be fastened thereon.
  • Such attachment of the elongated structure saves space and is generally possible, without causing disturbing restrictions, with respect to the other necessary parts of a bale removal machine.
  • a travel path measuring device according to the invention can be retrofitted to an existing bale removal machine in this way.
  • a particularly preferred embodiment of the travel path measuring device is characterized in that the repetition length of the structure is relatively large, for example more than about 10 cm, and that at a known, preferably constant driving speed, longitudinal measurements in the area between two successive pulses can be carried out by an interpolating device.
  • this structure can be produced very inexpensively, but the invention makes it possible Measurement of length units that are much smaller than the repetition length.
  • a device monitoring the time interval between the pulses is preferably provided. If, for example, the tower runs at a known constant speed along the row of bales, this monitoring device must determine the same time interval between two successive pulses. If the device determines that this time interval is not constant, then it is known that the validity of interpolated longitudinal measurements between the two points of the structure which generated the assigned impulses is suspect. You can therefore ignore these values or weight them differently depending on the intended use of the measurements so that the inaccuracy is taken into account.
  • a device of this type has the advantage that the measurement can be carried out again with the expected accuracy with the next pulses, since the rigid assignment between the pulses and the parts of the structure generating the pulses limits the extent of the incorrect measurements which occur due to interpolation errors.
  • the counting device and / or the interpolating device and / or the monitoring device is formed by a microprocessor or are.
  • the counting, interpolating and monitoring functions can then be implemented by appropriate programming of the microprocessor, preferably the microprocessor which is responsible for controlling the entire bale removal machine, the available information being able to be evaluated in the best possible way.
  • the microprocessor preferably the microprocessor which is responsible for controlling the entire bale removal machine, the available information being able to be evaluated in the best possible way.
  • an interpolation device implemented by the microprocessor will always know whether acceleration or deceleration of the tower movement has been initiated and take these different operating states into account when carrying out the interpolation.
  • a machine 1 for removing fiber flakes comprises a removal member 2, a machine frame 3 and a flake transport 4.
  • the removal member 2 itself comprises a boom or a housing construction 5, in which a rotating removal roller 6 is drivably mounted.
  • this housing construction 5 the fiber flakes removed from the fiber bales 7 by the removal roller 6 are further picked up and further conveyed into the flake transport 4 by ways not shown.
  • the housing construction 5 can be moved up and down in the direction of the arrow A by means of rollers 9 rotatably fastened to it and guided in guide rails 8 of the machine frame 3. In the figure, however, only one pair of rollers and only one rail 8 is shown; the rollers and rails provided on the opposite side in the same way are not visible.
  • the housing construction 5 has a driver 10 which is firmly connected to a chain 11 of a chain drive 12.
  • the chain drive 12 further comprises an upper, rotatable mounted sprocket 13 for the deflection of the chain 11 and a lower sprocket 14 for driving this chain 11.
  • the lower sprocket 14 is rotatably mounted on a drive shaft 15 of a transmission 16.
  • the chain drive 12, the transmission 16 and the electric motor 17 are referred to as a whole as a lifting device.
  • a gear 19 is rotatably mounted, which functions as a counting wheel together with an initiator 20 as a pulse generator, the pulses of which are fed to a microprocessor 22 via a line 21, which is particularly the case in FIG is shown.
  • the initiator 20 is commercially available and emits a pulse for each tooth of the gear 19 passing by.
  • the initiator 20 is provided to be stationary.
  • An upper limit switch 23 and a lower limit switch 24 are provided on the machine frame 3 for scanning the upper and lower end positions of the removal member.
  • the upper limit switch 23 is actuated by an upper surface 25 and the lower limit switch 24 by a lower surface 26 of the driver 10.
  • the upper limit switch 23 inputs its pulse via a line 27 and the lower limit switch 24 via a line 28 into the microprocessor 22.
  • a distance measuring sensor 30 is attached to the front side, ie the right side of the boom in FIG. 2. This consists of combined transmitter / receiver units and works in the present example on an ultrasound basis.
  • This distance measuring sensor can be, for example, a sensor of the Siemens type Act Sonar / Bero 3RG6044 / 3 MMOO. However, it can also be a sensor that works with a different measuring principle, for example an optical sensor or a sensor that works with radar waves.
  • the measuring beam 31 is directed onto the surface 32 of the bale row 7, ie perpendicular to it, the measuring beam detecting a 15 to 20 cm wide strip of the surface which, as shown in FIG. 3, is arranged approximately in the middle of the bale row.
  • Another line 34 connects the electric motor 17 to the microprocessor 22.
  • the machine frame 3 is arranged by means of wheels 35 fastened to it and drivable on rails 36, which are fastened on the spinning floor 37, along the fiber bale row 7 (not shown) and can be moved over the flock transport 4. Since the wheels 35 are not slip-free working elements, a special device is provided in this example to determine the exact longitudinal position of the tower 3 along the bale row 7.
  • This is the light barrier 38, which consists of transmitter and receiver parts which are arranged on opposite sides on a perforated rail 39.
  • the perforated rail 39 has a plurality of holes at the same distance from one another, the light barrier emitting a signal pulse as it passes through each hole, which is fed to the microprocessor 22 via the line 41.
  • the microprocessor 22 is able to determine the exact position of the tower along the row of bales.
  • grate 40 with individual grate bars 42 located between the individual toothed disks 81 of the removal roller 6.
  • Such grate bars are well known and are described, for example, in the German patent applications P 38 20 427.4 and P 38 27 517.1 of the applicant.
  • the bale row in the present example comprises five bales 43 to 47, which have different heights, the highest bale 47 on the right side of FIG. 2 and the lowest bale 43 on the left side of FIG 2 is arranged.
  • the bales 44 and 45 are of the same height and somewhat higher than the bale 43 and the bale 46 has a height which lies between those of the bales 45 and 47.
  • a gap 48 is shown between the bales 45 and 46, so that vertical bale boundaries 49 to 52 are provided at the beginning of the bale row, on both sides of the gap 48 and at the end of the bale row 7.
  • Fig. 3 shows that a similar bale row can be arranged on the other side of the bale removal machine, provided that the tower 3 is a rotatable tower that can also work on the second side of the bale row.
  • Reference number 30.1 also makes it clear here that a height sensor can also be arranged on the side of the tower opposite the boom 5, so that during the removal of fiber flakes from the one in FIG. 3 lower row with the sensor 30.1 the height profile and also the hardness profile of the bales of the upper row can be determined in a time-saving manner.
  • FIG. 4A shows the distance measurement signal of the measurement sensor 30 (or 30.1) during a measurement run above the row of the bales set up.
  • the measuring sensor 30 determines the distance to the opposite surface by measuring the transit times of ultrasonic waves from it to the opposite surface (floor 37 or bale surface 32 and back.
  • the cantilever with sensor 30 is in this example at a constant height H above the 4 and the output signal of the distance measuring sensor is subtracted from this height H, so that the fluctuating signal of Fig. 4A finally represents the height of the bale surface above the ground.
  • the sensor 30 easily Determine the height profile of the bales to be removed at the end of the bale removal.
  • 30.2 denotes a further sensor corresponding to sensor 30, which can measure the height profile after removal.
  • FIG. 4A is drawn on the same scale as FIG. 2, so that the association between the individual bales and the amplitude of the output signal of the distance measuring sensor 30 (or 30.1, 30.2) can be clearly seen.
  • the distance measuring sensor is located at the height H above the ground, and the actual output signal of the measuring sensor indicates the height H.
  • the beam from the sensor 32 now reaches the vertical bale boundary 49, as a result of which the distance between the sensor 32 and the reflecting surface, here the surface of the bale 43, is suddenly shortened and the overall amplitude of the signal increases.
  • the surface 43.1 of the bale 43 is sound-soft and is also a rough surface, the signal from the distance sensor exhibits large fluctuations with a relatively high frequency.
  • the amplitude fluctuations are not caused solely by fluctuations in the roughness of the surface of the bale 43, but rather by the fact that the measurement sensor always tries to deliver a clear measurement result and, due to the imprecise reflection of the sound beam on the sound-free surface of the bale 43, always delivers fluctuating measurement results. These fluctuations take place at a frequency which is far higher than indicated in FIG. 4A purely for the sake of illustration.
  • the measuring beam from the sensor 30 has reached the boundary between the bale 43 and the bale 44 and there is an amplitude jump upwards, while the signal itself has similar amplitude fluctuations as with the bale 43. It can be seen that the transition to the same high bale 45 the mean value of the signal remains approximately the same as for bale 44, however the amplitudes of the fluctuations are somewhat smaller. These smaller fluctuations, for example at 45.1, indicate that the upper surface area of the Bale 45 is harder than the corresponding areas of bales 43 and 44.
  • the beam from sensor 30 strikes vertical bale boundary 50.1, ie the sensor measures the distance between it and ground 37 again, which is why the amplitude of the received signal falls back to zero at 57, ie to a level which corresponds to level 53.
  • the amplitude of the height signal rises again to a mean value that is even higher than the corresponding mean value of the signal in the area of the bale 45.
  • the signal shows considerable Amplitude fluctuations 46.1, which indicate that the bale 46 is also relatively soft here.
  • the boundary between the bale 46 and the bale 47 has been reached and the amplitude of the distance sensor rises again, which is also correct because the bale 47 is the highest of the bale row 7.
  • the amplitude of the height signal lowers again at the vertical bale boundary 52, which is identified by 52.1 in FIG. 4a.
  • the computer 22 determines an average value from the distance signal of FIG. 4a and the result of this averaging is shown in FIG. 4b.
  • Averaging using a computer is very well known in itself, which is why this is not described separately here. It can be seen that the mean signal represents a very good reproduction of the height profile of the bale row 7 in FIG. 2, which is also intended.
  • the distance signal is also further processed by the computer 22 in order to obtain the hardness profile according to FIG. 4C.
  • This evaluation is carried out in such a way that the algebraic sum of the amplitude fluctuations from the mean is determined in a number of adjacent areas and then the reciprocal ones Values are formed. These reciprocal values then represent the hardness of the individual areas. It can be seen that in areas 53, 57 and 59, where the distance measurement signal shows hardly any fluctuations, since the floor 37 reflects well, this is determined as a hard object, which is why the hardness signal is applied these points have a high amplitude 53.3, 57.3 and 59.3.
  • the bales 43 and 44 and 46 have roughly the same hardness and, as already explained, this hardness is low, which is why the hardness is relatively low in the corresponding areas 43.3, 44.3, 46.3 of the hardness profile according to FIG. 4C.
  • the bales 45 and 47 have a greater hardness, which is comparatively high in both cases, which is why in these areas 45.3 and 47.3 the hardness signal has a higher amplitude.
  • the infeed depth profile according to FIG. 4D is determined by the computer 22, taking into account the intended constants. It can be seen that for the bale areas 43.4, 44.4 the infeed is the same size (because the hardness is the same size) and has a relatively high amount of 10 mm. The delivery depth at 46.4 is also the same for bale 46. In contrast, the infeed depth in areas 45.4 and 47.4 is reduced to around 5 mm, since the surfaces of these bales are harder.
  • the infeed depth profile of FIG. 4D also includes areas 53.4, 57.4 and 59.4 where the infeed is zero because the floor is very hard and, in addition, no material is to be removed from the floor.
  • the penetration depth of the removal member 6 i.e. the distance between the radially lowermost points of the toothed disks 81 and the grate bars 42 should also be set according to the hardness of the bales, whereby the penetration depth should be smaller for harder bales and the penetration depth may be higher for softer bales.
  • the corresponding penetration depth profile for the bale row of FIG. 2 is shown in FIG. 4E, the individual segments of the profile having been brought into line with the individual bales by means of the numbering of the bale row and the addition .5.
  • the signals for the vertical position of the removal member or the boom 5 are, as already described, determined by the computer on the basis of the signals on the lines 27, 28 and 21, and the computer sends control commands for the height of the removal member to the motor 17 Line 34.
  • the signals from the longitudinal sensor 38 are read into the computer via line 41. If necessary, more values can be extrapolled to achieve a finer resolution.
  • the sensor system is activated by the computer in each case when the longitudinal sensor signal is either read in or when the value is extracted in advance in order to store the measured value immediately returned by the sensor.
  • the distance measuring sensor 30 carries out distance measurements at regularly repeated time intervals and temporarily stores these dimensions in a buffer memory 60.
  • the computer 22 reads the stored values at times at times which are determined by the signals from the longitudinal sensor 38 via the line 33. From the values read in the computer, the latter then determines the height profile 4B by averaging, the hardness profile 4C by the algebraic addition of the amplitude fluctuations, the infeed depth profile from the reciprocal values of the hardness profile and the penetration depth profile in accordance with the hardness profile and on the basis of constants recorded in the computer.
  • the profiles themselves are then stored in memories of the computer 22 and can be called up permanently if desired.
  • FIG. 6 finally shows how the height profile of the bale row 7 from FIG. 2 is removed by successive work.
  • Fig. 6 it is assumed that one ablates simultaneously with the dimension of the height profile and first tries to maintain a constant ablation height so that the computer can correctly record data in any case.
  • This first pass is identified by 62.
  • the constant removal depth is chosen so low that the removal machine cannot be overloaded.
  • the computer determines the desired infeed depth for each bale during the next pass and checks whether the height profile is changed in an undesirable manner if these infeed depths are observed, so that larger vertical jumps occur. If this is not the case, the row of bales is removed according to the calculated infeed depth according to lines 63 ... 67. If, however, larger jumps appear, the maximum is removed from the higher points and something from the other areas less so that the height profile gradually becomes smoother.
  • the goal is to reach a horizontal line 68 at the lower end of the bale at the end passage so that all bales or bale remnants are of the same height, which ensures a good prerequisite for the removal of the next row of bales to be set up.
  • a simplified embodiment of the machine is also conceivable.
  • the removal member is gradually brought up to the surface of the bale.
  • the removal device is now set to a constant height, the value of which is calculated by the computer in such a way that on the one hand a maximum removal depth is not exceeded, but on the other hand the production is already possible is held high.
  • a small production loss can be accepted in this area.
  • the bale group is leveled at the latest from the sixth pass (reference number 75). It is therefore no longer necessary to switch off the feed motor in order to change the height of the removal member.
  • this method depends in part on whether the mixing ratios of the fibers are determined by the bale removal machine itself or whether the individual components are removed separately and led to individual mixing shafts, with the mixing ratios of the flakes ultimately being in the mixing station and not be determined by the flake removal. If there are improper bale heights that in no way allow convergent removal, this can be done by Computers are displayed, which prompts the operator to manually remove or / or relocate the bales to create more favorable conditions.
  • a measuring system is preferred which ensures a slip-free measurement of the longitudinal position of the tower along the row of bales, regardless of whether slip occurs during operation of the tower when the tower is being driven.
  • a light barrier 38 which cooperates with a perforated rail 39, is mentioned as a concrete embodiment.
  • FIG. 8 Another possibility is shown in FIG. 8.
  • the rail 39 has been replaced by a rail 39.1 with an I-shaped cross section.
  • the rail 39.1 is fixedly attached to two flanges 82 and 84, for example by welding, in which a likewise vertically extending shaft is located in these flanges 86 is rotatably mounted.
  • a non-rotatable rubber wheel 88 is located on the shaft, which is pressed lightly against the longitudinal side 89 of one leg of the I-shaped rail 39.1. When the tower moves vertically to the plane of FIG. 8, the rubber wheel 88 therefore rolls on the longitudinal edge 89 and thus leads to a slip-free rotary movement of the shaft 86.
  • a perforated disk 90 ie a disk with a Row of holes in its circumferential area, so that a rotation of the rubber wheel drives to a rotation of the perforated disc 90, which is also connected to the shaft 86 in a rotationally fixed manner.
  • a light barrier 38.1 with transmitter and receiver parts encompasses the peripheral area of the perforated disk 90 and thus generates a pulse sequence corresponding to the sequence of holes and webs in the perforated disk when the perforated disk rotates on the shaft 86.
  • This pulse sequence is fed to the microprocessor 22 via line 41.1 and processed there, corresponding to signal 41 in FIGS. 1 to 5.
  • the gear 88.2 is rotatably attached to the shaft 86.2, which drives the perforated disk 90.2, which is also non-rotatably connected thereto.
  • a light barrier 38.2 generates a pulse sequence which is applied to the microprocessor 22 via the line 41.2.
  • FIG. 10 shows a side view of a bale removal machine, in which the tower 3 runs between two end positions 96 and 98.
  • the tower is driven by the wheels 35.
  • Above the floor 37 there is a revolving chain 100 which is attached to the tower 3 at one point and runs at both ends via respective deflection wheels 102, 104.
  • the deflection gear 102 is rotatably mounted on a shaft 106 which is rotatably mounted in a C-shaped receptacle 108.
  • the deflection gear 104 is rotatably mounted on a shaft 110 which is rotatably mounted in a receptacle 112.
  • the chain is in the 10 interrupted at a point 100.1. 8 and 9 there is a perforated disk 90.3 on the shaft 106, which is fixed to the shaft 106 in a rotationally fixed manner.
  • a light barrier 38.3 which, when the perforated disk rotates, supplies a pulse train via line 41.3 to the microprocessor 22. It can be seen that when the tower 3 moves along the row of bales, the corresponding movement of the chain leads to a rotary movement of the shaft 106, this rotary movement being determined without slippage by the light barrier 38.3.
  • FIG. 11 shows a further embodiment in which a perforated rail 39.4 is fastened to the fiber suction channel 4 via brackets 114. Circular holes 116 are arranged in the perforated rail 39.4 at a constant distance L. Since this fiber suction channel is very long, only its beginning is shown in FIG. 11. This figure also shows a hint of a displaceable cover 4.1 of the fiber suction channel, which ensures in a manner known per se that the fiber suction channel is closed, except where the tower feeds the removed fiber flakes into the channel.
  • an inductive proximity switch 38.4 is provided for scanning the row of holes 116, which is fastened to the machine frame 3 of the bale removal machine and thus with the tower of the bale removal machine along the perforated rail 39.4, i.e. is moved along the row of bales.
  • the inductive proximity switch passes one of the holes 116, it generates a pulse, and this pulse train is applied to the microprocessor 22 via line 41.4 in accordance with the other embodiments.
  • Fig. 11 also shows an alternative embodiment in which a rod 118 with a regular, ie depressions 120 having a constant spacing are also fastened to the brackets 114.
  • a mechanical button 122 which is fastened to the machine frame 3 of the tower of the bale removal machine and thus moves with it along the rod 118 and along the row of bales.
  • the mechanical pushbutton 122 has a plunger with a hemispherical end (not shown), which is pressed into the respective depression each time as it passes through the depressions 120 and is then pushed out again due to the relative movement and hemispherical surface. Every time the plunger moves into a recess, a mechanical switching process is triggered, which moves electrical switching contacts and applies a corresponding pulse train to the microprocessor 22 via the line 41.5.
  • FIG. 12 shows an even simpler arrangement, in which rectangular sheet metal parts 124 are welded onto the fiber suction channel 4 at regular intervals at 126, so that the sheet metal parts form teeth 128 and gaps 130 therebetween.
  • a scanning device 39.6 designed as a light barrier is fastened via a C-shaped holder 132, the light barrier here also consisting of transmitting and receiving parts and due to the light beam extending between these two parts the relative movement through the vertical edges of the teeth 128 is periodically interrupted and released again. This produces a pulse train which is applied to the microprocessor 22 via line 41.6 as before.
  • two adjacent holes can be formed into a longitudinal hole at both ends of the perforated rail, as a result of which the output signal of the corresponding scanning device is at a constant level and no longer switches on and off, as during a movement along the row of bales.
  • the box 140 represents an interpolating device, which consists of the signals read in via the line 41, 41.1, 41.2, 41.3, 41.4, 41.5 or 41.6 and the information available in the computer 22 about the speed or acceleration or deceleration of the movement of the tower along the bale row divides the time intervals between subsequent pulses so that the resulting time signals also serve as a measure of the longitudinal position of the tower along the bale row. If the speed of the movement is constant, the time intervals must be divided into constant units.
  • the computer 22 can have a monitoring device 142 which checks that, when the next pulse arrives via the line 41-41.6, the longitudinal position calculated by the interpolating device corresponds to the position correctly marked by these pulses. If this is not the case, the longitudinal positions calculated between the last two pulses from line 41-41.6 are to be regarded as faulty and should therefore be ignored.
  • Box 144 shows the counting device, which counts the pulses via line 41-41.6 and / or from interpolating device 142 and thereby generates a signal proportional to the travel path.
  • the interpolator 140, the monitor 142 and the counter 144 are integrated in the computer 22, i.e. implemented in software. However, they can also represent separate units, i.e. can be realized as hardware.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Preliminary Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)

Claims (23)

  1. Procédé utilisé pour le fonctionnement d'une machine de prélèvement sur balles (1), avec un organe de prélèvement (2) dans lequel, à l'aide d'au moins un détecteur (30, 30.1, 30.2) dirigé vers la surface des balles (32), le profil de hauteurs d'une rangée de balles (7) est déterminé et pris en considération pour la commande de la position de l'organe de prélèvement (2), lors du prélèvement sur balles suivant,
    caractérisé par le fait que,
    dans le but d'obtenir un signal (figure 4C) correspondant à la dureté des balles, le signal de réception (figure 4A) du détecteur (30, 30.1, 30.2), qui est de préférence optique, acoustique ou travaillant avec des ondes radar, est traité, et que le réglage (figure 4D) et, le cas échéant, également la profondeur de pénétration (figure 4E) de l'organe de prélèvement (2) sont commandés ou réglés en fonction de ce signal de dureté.
  2. Procédé selon revendication 1,
    caractérisé par le fait que
    le signal de dureté est déterminé par les fluctuations des signaux de détecteur (figure 4A), par exemple, par le fait que le signal de dureté est déterminé par la somme des déviations, pourvues d'une polarité positive, du signal de détecteur par rapport à la valeur moyenne de ce signal, et où, le cas échéant, le signal de détecteur est analysé, de préférence, avec une fréquence qui est plus grande que le double de la fréquence fondamentale de ce signal.
  3. Procédé selon revendication 2,
    caractérisé par le fait
    qu'un détecteur (30, 30.1, 30.2) est utilisé qui est, par exemple, mis en marche périodiquement, et transmet immédiatement la valeur mesurée momentanée, sous forme digitalisée, à l'ordinateur (22) qui mémorise celle-ci dans un Array.
  4. Procédé selon une des revendications 1 à 3,
    caractérisé par le fait que
    la dureté est déterminée séparément pour chaque balle (43-47), respectivement pour chaque composant de la rangée de balles (7).
  5. Procédé selon une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé par le fait que
    le profil de hauteurs (figure 4B) de la rangée de balles (7) est déterminé pendant un parcours à vide de l'organe de prélèvement, au-dessus de la rangée de balles.
  6. Procédé selon une des revendications précédentes 1 a 4, dans lequel des rangées de balles (7) sont disposées des deux côtés de la machine de prélèvement sur balles (1),
    caractérisé par le fait que
    le profil de hauteurs (figure 4B) d'une des rangées de balles (7) est déterminé pendant le prélèvement sur l'autre rangée de balles (7).
  7. Procédé selon une des revendications précédentes 1 à 6,
    caractérisé par le fait que
    le profil de hauteurs (figure 4A), détecté pendant un premier passage de l'organe de prélèvement (2) le long d'une rangée de balles, est mis en mémoire dans un ordinateur (22) qui, en fonction de ce profil de hauteurs (figure 4B) et du profil de duretés calculé (figure 4C), déduit par calcul un profil de réglages (figure 4D) qui change le long de la longueur de la rangée de balles (7), et avec lequel la production est maintenue en approche d'un maximum, tout en prenant en considération la proportion désirée du mélange des provenances de chaque balle individuelle (43-47).
  8. Procédé selon revendication 7,
    caractérisé par le fait que
    l'ordinateur (22) est programmé pour s'appliquer, pendant plusieurs passages, et en correspondance avec les duretés individuelles mesurées et la proportion désirée du mélange, à prélever toutes les balles (43-47) de telle sorte que, à la fin du prélèvement, toute la rangée (7) soit décortiquée sans restes de balles notables, et où, de préférence dans chaque passage, l'ordinateur (22) se concentre à atteindre continuellement une profondeur de réglage respectivement un profil des profondeurs de réglage qui s'approche de plus en plus à une ligne horizontale.
  9. Procédé selon une des revendications 7 ou 8,
    caractérisé par le fait que,
    pendant le premier passage, le prélèvement sur la rangée de balles (7) est déjà réalisé en enregistrant simultanément le profil de hauteurs (figure 4B), et où l'organe de prélèvement (2) est commandé en suivant la hauteur des balles, d'une manière constante ou progressive, pendant le premier passage.
  10. Procédé selon revendication 9,
    caractérisé par le fait que
    l'ordinateur (22) détermine les courbes de hauteurs de passage (62-67; 70-75) optimales pour les passages suivants, afin d'obtenir, d'une part, une production toujours en approche du maximum, et d'être arrivé, d'autre part, à une hauteur minimale (68) dans le dernier passage.
  11. Procédé selon une des revendications 7 à 10,
    caractérisé par le fait
    qu'une valeur de consigne pour le courant de flocons de la machine de prélèvement peut être donnée à l'avance, que la valeur réelle du courant de flocons est déterminée en fonction de la profondeur de réglage (figure 4D) et du signal de dureté individuel (figure 4C), et la profondeur de réglage est réglée de manière à maintenir le courant de flocons prédéterminé respectivement un courant de flocons maximum.
  12. Procédé selon une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé par le fait que
    le début (49) respectivement la fin (52) de la rangée de balles (7) et, le cas échéant, la présence et la longueur des espaces vides (48) entre les balles (43-47) de la rangée (7) sont déterminés par le signal de détecteur (figure 4A).
  13. Procédé selon une des revendications mentionnées jusqu'a présent,
    caractérisé par le fait
    qu'un signal (41), proportionnel au chemin parcouru par l'organe de prélèvement (2) le long de la rangée de balles, est produit et pris en considération par l'ordinateur (22) lors du calcul du profil de hauteurs (figure 4B) respectivement du profil des profondeurs de réglage (figure 4D) respectivement du profil de duretés (figure 4C).
  14. Procédé utilisé pour le fonctionnement d'une machine de prélèvement sur balles avec un organe de prélèvement (2) dans lequel, à l'aide d'au moins un détecteur (30, 30.1, 30.2) dirigé vers la surface des balles, le profil de hauteurs d'une rangée de balles est déterminé et pris en considération pour la commande de la position de l'organe de prélèvement (2), lors du prélèvement sur balles suivant,
    caractérisé par le fait
    qu'un détecteur de mesure de distance (30, 30.1, 30.2) est utilisé pour la détermination du profil de hauteurs, particulièrement un détecteur optique, acoustique ou travaillant avec des ondes radar, qui mesure directement la distance comprise entre lui-même et la surface des balles (32) respectivement le sol (37).
  15. Procédé selon une des revendications 1 à 14,
    caractérisé par le fait que,
    lors du prélèvement sur une rangée de balles (7), pendant le premier passage, l'organe de prélèvement (2) est dirigé pas à pas en suivant la surface des balles (32), que, pendant le deuxième et éventuellement aussi pendant le troisième passage, l'organe de prélèvement (2) est réglé sur une hauteur constante, dont l'importance est calculée par l'ordinateur (22) de telle manière que, d'une part, une profondeur de prélèvement maximale ne soit pas dépassée, d'autre part, la production soit cependant déjà maintenue aussi élevée que possible, et que, de préférence au plus tard lors du quatrième passage, elle soit nivelée sur le groupe de balles.
  16. Dispositif utilisé pour le fonctionnement d'une machine de prélèvement sur balles (1), avec un organe de prélèvement (2) servant à décortiquer au moins une rangée de balles (7), avec un arrangement (22) qui commande ou règle la hauteur de l'organe de prélèvement, et avec au moins un détecteur (30, 30.1, 30.2) dirigé vers la surface de la rangée de balles, déterminant le profil de hauteurs (figure 4B) de la rangée de balles (7),
    caractérisé par le fait que
    le, respectivement chaque détecteur est un détecteur de mesure de distance (30, 30.1, 30.2), particulièrement un détecteur optique, acoustique ou travaillant avec des ondes radar, lequel mesure la distance par rapport à la surface des balles (32), respectivement au début (49) et à la fin (52) de la rangée de balles (7), ou la distance par rapport au sol (37) ou par rapport à un porteur de balles, lorsqu'il y a des espaces vides (48) à l'intérieur de la rangée de balles, et où un arrangement (22) est prévu qui détecte, dans les signaux de distance (figure 4A) du détecteur de mesure de distance (30, 30.1, 30.2), la dureté individuelle des balles (43-47) dans la zone de la surface des balles (32).
  17. Dispositif selon revendication 16,
    caractérisé par le fait
    qu'un arrangement (22) est prévu pour la commande du réglage (figure 4D) de l'organe de prélèvement (2) en fonction de la dureté de balles déterminée (figure 4C), et/ou qu'un arrangement (22) est prévu pour la commande de la profondeur de pénétration (figure 4E) de l'organe de prélèvement (2) en fonction de la dureté de balles déterminée (figure 4C), et où le détecteur de mesure de distance (30, 30.1) est disposé de préférence dans le bras (5) portant l'organe de prélèvement (2), devant l'organe de prélèvement (2), vu dans la direction de prélèvement, et, le cas échéant, plusieurs détecteurs de mesure de distance, travaillant en parallèle l'un par rapport a l'autre, sont disposés dans le bras (5) portant l'organe de prélèvement, devant l'organe de prélèvement (2), vu dans la direction de prélèvement, et où, au choix, un détecteur supplémentaire de mesure de distance (30.2) est disposé sur la partie dorsale du bras (5) portant l'organe de prélèvement (2).
  18. Dispositif selon revendication 16, dans lequel l'organe de prélèvement (2) est porté par une tour (3) pouvant se déplacer et pivoter, laquelle est prévue pour le prélèvement sur des rangées de balles (7) disposées des deux côtés du chemin de déplacement,
    caractérisé par le fait que
    le détecteur de mesure de distance (30.1) est disposé sur le côté de la tour (3) qui est opposé à l'organe de prélèvement.
  19. Dispositif selon une des revendications précédentes 16-18,
    caractérisé par
    un détecteur de mesure de chemin (38, 38.1, 38.2, 38.3, 38.4, 38.6) déterminant la position longitudinale de l'organe de prélèvement le long de la rangée de balles, qui est relié à l'ordinateur (22).
  20. Dispositif selon une des revendications 16 à 19, avec un arrangement de mesure de chemin parcouru, pour être utilisé avec la machine de prélèvement sur balles, lequel possède un système d'entraînement qui n'est pas sans glissement, et une tour (3) pouvant se déplacer le long de la rangée de balles (7) au moyen du système d'entraînement,
    caractérisé
    par une partie oblongue (39.1; 39.2; 100; 39.4; 4, 124) s'étendant le long de la rangée de balles (7), qui est soit disposée d'une manière fixe, ou reliée avec la tour (3) et se déplace avec celle-ci, par un arrangement palpeur (38.1; 38.2; 38.3; 38.4; 38.6) qui, selon la disposition de la partie oblongue, est disposé soit sur la tour pouvant se déplacer ou à un endroit déterminé le long de la rangée de balles, et palpe sans glissement la partie oblongue (39.1; 39.2; 100; 39.4; 4, 124) pendant le mouvement de déplacement de la tour, et émet une impulsion a chaque fois que la tour (3) a parcouru une étape déterminée, et, par un arrangement compteur (144) qui compte les impulsions et produit un signal qui est proportionnel au chemin parcouru.
  21. Dispositif selon revendication 20,
    caractérisé par le fait que
    la partie oblongue est un rail (39.1; 39.2) et l'arrangement palpeur est une roue (88, 88.2) qui est disposée sous la tour (3) et roule sans glissement le long du rail, et qu'un donneur d'impulsions (90, 90.2) est accouplé avec la roue pour la livraison d'impulsions, et où, d'une manière avantageuse, le rail est formé comme une crémaillère (39.2) et la roue comme un pignon denté (88.2) qui s'engrène avec celle-ci.
  22. Dispositif selon revendication 20,
    caractérisé par le fait
    que la partie oblongue est formée par une chaîne (100) qui est fixée à la tour (3) et peut changer de direction aux deux extrémités de la rangée de balles (7), pendant un mouvement de circulation autour d'arrangements de renvoi (102, 104), provoqué par le mouvement de la tour le long de la rangée de balles (7) ; que l'arrangement palpeur est formé par un pignon de chaîne (102) pouvant être entraîné par la chaîne ; et qu'un donneur d'impulsions (90.3) est accouplé avec le pignon de chaîne (102) disposé à un lieu fixe de la rangée de balles (7) pour la livraison d'impulsions, et où le pignon de chaîne forme de préférence un des arrangements de renvoi (102, 104).
  23. Dispositif selon revendication 20,
    caractérisé par le fait que
    la partie oblongue est formée par une structure possédant des zones plus étroites et plus larges, se répétant régulièrement, par exemple, par un rail troué (39.4), ou par une chaîne fortement tendue, ou par une formation oblongue (4, 124) possédant des dents (128) et des espaces vides (130), et que la structure peut être palpée par une cellule photoélectrique (132, 38.6) ou par un arrangement palpeur à induction dont le circuit récepteur émet les impulsions, et où la structure oblongue (4, 124) s'étend de préférence le long du canal de transport de flocons (4) (canal d'aspiration) et est fixée à celui-ci, de préférence, que la longueur répétitive de la structure est relativement grande, par exemple plus de 10 cm environ, et que, avec une vitesse de déplacement connue, de préférence constante, des mesures longitudinales peuvent être réalisées, par un arrangement d'interpolation, dans la zone comprise entre deux impulsions qui se suivent, et, le cas échéant, qu'un arrangement est prévu pour surveiller l'espace de temps compris entre les impulsions, et où l'arrangement compteur (144) et/ou l'arrangement d'interpolation (140) et/ ou l'arrangement de surveillance (142) est, respectivement sont formé(s) d'une manière opportune par un microprocesseur (22).
EP90115424A 1989-08-10 1990-08-10 Procédé et appareil pour commander une ouvreuse des balles Expired - Lifetime EP0415156B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3926482 1989-08-10
DE19893926482 DE3926482A1 (de) 1989-08-10 1989-08-10 Verfahren und vorrichtung zum betrieb einer ballenabtragmaschine
DE3943322 1989-12-29
DE19893943322 DE3943322A1 (de) 1989-12-29 1989-12-29 Verfahren und vorrichtung zum betrieb einer ballenabtragmaschine

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0415156A1 EP0415156A1 (fr) 1991-03-06
EP0415156B1 true EP0415156B1 (fr) 1996-07-10

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US (2) US5105507A (fr)
EP (1) EP0415156B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH03220323A (fr)
DE (1) DE59010412D1 (fr)

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US5105507A (en) 1992-04-21
DE59010412D1 (de) 1996-08-14
JPH03220323A (ja) 1991-09-27
EP0415156A1 (fr) 1991-03-06
US5121418A (en) 1992-06-09

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