EP0414250A2 - Videosignalwiedergabegerät - Google Patents

Videosignalwiedergabegerät Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0414250A2
EP0414250A2 EP90116193A EP90116193A EP0414250A2 EP 0414250 A2 EP0414250 A2 EP 0414250A2 EP 90116193 A EP90116193 A EP 90116193A EP 90116193 A EP90116193 A EP 90116193A EP 0414250 A2 EP0414250 A2 EP 0414250A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
signal
time
base
chroma
reproduced
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP90116193A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0414250B1 (de
EP0414250A3 (en
Inventor
Takao C/O Sony Corporation Takahashi
Hiroshi C/O Sony Corporation Okada
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Sony Corp
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Sony Corp
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Publication date
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Publication of EP0414250A2 publication Critical patent/EP0414250A2/de
Publication of EP0414250A3 publication Critical patent/EP0414250A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0414250B1 publication Critical patent/EP0414250B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N9/00—Details of colour television systems
    • H04N9/79—Processing of colour television signals in connection with recording
    • H04N9/87—Regeneration of colour television signals
    • H04N9/89—Time-base error compensation

Definitions

  • This invention relates generally to video signal reproducing apparatus, such as, a video tape recorder (VTR) or the like, and more particularly is directed to a video signal reproducing apparatus which incorporates a time-base corrector.
  • VTR video tape recorder
  • TBC time-base corrector
  • a video signal reproducing circuit which incorporates a time-base corrector according to the prior art is shown schematically on Fig. 1 to include a rotary head drum assembly 1 around which a magnetic recording tape T is helically wrapped so that a magnetic head (not shown) provided in the drum assembly 1 will reproduce a video signal recorded in slant tracks on the tape T.
  • the video signal reproduced from the magnetic tape T is shown to be supplied to a memory 2 which is included in a time-­base corrector (TBC).
  • TBC time-­base corrector
  • the reproduced video signal is also supplied to an automatic frequency control (AFC) circuit 3 which generates a write clock signal W synchronized with the reproduced video signal which is written in the memory 2 in accordance with the write clock signal W.
  • AFC automatic frequency control
  • a standard or reference oscillation signal is supplied from an oscillator 4 to the time-base corrector memory 2 as a read clock signal R. Therefore, time-­base fluctuations that may appear in the reproduced video signal due to a jitter component therein are removed from the video signal as the latter is read from the memory 2 in accordance with the standard read clock signal R.
  • the resulting stable read-out video signal is supplied to an output terminal 5.
  • the read clock signal R from the oscillator 4 is also supplied to a frequency divider 6 in which it is frequency-divided by a divisor n, whereupon the resulting frequency-divided signal is supplied to a servo control circuit 7 as a control signal therefor.
  • the servo control circuit 7 effects servo control of a motor 8 for driving the rotary head drum assembly 1, and may also effect servo control of a capstan motor (not shown) by which the tape T is longitudinally advanced about the drum assembly 1.
  • the rotary head drum assembly 1 and the capstan for driving the tape are controlled on the basis of the read clock signal R for the memory 2 of the time-base corrector, and the writing cycle and the reading cycle of the memory 2 are approximately equal to each other. Therefore, it is possible to avoid or inhibit overtaking of the writing of the video signal in the memory 2 by the reading of the video signal from the memory, with the result that a stable time-­base correction can be performed.
  • the reproduced video signal is written in the memory 2 as a composite video signal.
  • the luminance and chrominance signals constituting the composite video signal must be kept in a stable interleaved relationship and, therefore, the described arrangement is, for the most part, utilized only in professional video tape recorders.
  • the video signal reproducing circuit described with reference to Fig. 1 cannot be applied to a consumer or home video tape recorder of the type in which the chroma signal is down-converted in the recorded signal.
  • a chroma signal extracted from the reproduced video signal is demodulated to provide a base band signal which is then applied to a time-base corrector.
  • the chroma signal it is desirable that the chroma signal be supplied directly to the time-base corrector without being first subjected to processing, such as, the described demodulation or the like.
  • a reproduced video signal is supplied directly to a time-base corrector in the form of a high frequency signal reproduced from the magnetic tape so as to avoid deterioration of the reproduced signal by an intervening demodulation or other signal processing
  • the side band of the luminance signal included in the reproduced high frequency signal is expanded to a high band so that the operating frequency of the memory in the time-base corrector must be considerably increased, with a resulting increase in the scale of the circuit.
  • Such a large scale circuit is difficult to provide in actual practice.
  • the reproducing servo circuit 7 is controlled on the basis of the read clock signal R for the memory 2 of the time-base corrector, as in the prior art circuit shown in Fig. 1, if such memory 2 has a large storage capacity, for example, is a field memory so as to be capable of storing one field period of the reproduced video signal, the storage capacity of the memory is sufficient for ensuring that the read cycle of the video signal can be prevented from overtaking the writing cycle of the video signal in the memory 2.
  • an apparatus for reproducing, from a record medium, a video signal recorded in the latter and including an FM-modulated luminance signal and a chroma signal down-converted from an original frequency band the FM-modulated luminance signal reproduced from the record medium is demodulated and then the time-base of the demodulated luminance signal is corrected, whereas, the time-base of the down-converted chroma signal reproduced from the record medium is corrected and then the reproduced chroma signal is up-converted to its original frequency band.
  • an apparatus for reproducing, from a record medium, a video signal recorded in the latter and including an FM-­modulated luminance signal, a chroma signal down-converted from an original frequency band and an FM-modulated audio signal the FM-modulated luminance signal reproduced from the record medium is demodulated and then the time-base of the demodulated luminance signal is corrected, whereas, the time bases of the down-converted chroma signal and the FM-modulated audio signal reproduced from the record medium are corrected and then the time-base corrected chroma signal is up-converted to its original frequency band.
  • a reproducing servo circuit for example, for controlling the motor driving a rotary head drum assembly and/or the capstan motor of a VTR during a reproducing operation, is controlled in response to a phase difference between writing and reading addresses applied to a memory of the time-base corrector so that such memory can be provided with a relatively small capacity.
  • VTR video tape recorder
  • a luminance signal is FM-modulated and a chroma signal is down-converted prior to being recorded on a magnetic tape.
  • an audio signal may be FM-modulated so as to be frequency-multiplexed with the video signal and recorded on the magnetic tape with the video signal.
  • the reproduced frequency-­modulated luminance signal Y RF and down-converted chrominance signal C RF are respectively applied to input terminals 11Y and 11C (Fig. 2). Further, the reproduced FM-modulated audio signal A FM is supplied to a respective input terminal 11A.
  • the reproduced frequency-modulated luminance signal Y RF is applied from the input terminal 11 y to a luminance signal processing circuit 12 in which the signal Y RF passes through a limiter circuit 13 to an FM-demodulating circuit 14.
  • the resulting FM-demodulated luminance signal is supplied to a deemphasizing circuit 15 and is there suitable deemphasized.
  • a drop-out in the high frequency level of the reproduced video signal is detected and gives rise to a detection signal which is supplied to a comb filter 17.
  • the deemphasized luminance signal from the circuit 15 is supplied through a sub-emphasizing circuit 16 to the comb filter 17.
  • a drop-out is compensated on the basis of the drop-out detection signal from the demodulating circuit 14, and a vertical correlation of the reproduced video signal is detected.
  • a vertical correlation detection signal is supplied from the comb filter circuit 17 through a chroma signal time base corrector 20C to a chroma signal processing circuit 32.
  • the deemphasized luminance signal from the circuit 15 is also supplied to a synchronizing signal separating circuit 18 which detects an interval in which a burst signal is supplied and provides a corresponding burst flag signal through the chroma signal time-­base corrector 20C to the chroma signal processing circuit 32.
  • the luminance signal output from the comb filter 17 is supplied through a deemphasizing circuit 19 to a luminance signal time­base corrector 20Y which, as hereinafter described, is desirably integrated with the chroma signal time-base corrector 20C.
  • the luminance signal time-base corrector 20Y is a digital time-base corrector utilizing a memory. More specifically, in the luminance signal time-base corrector 20Y, a signal supplied thereto is converted from analog to digital form, and the resulting digital signal is then written in a memory.
  • the digital signal written or temporarily stored in the memory is read therefrom on the basis of a stable read clock, and is then reconverted from digital to analog form so as to provide a base band luminance signal Y having a corrected time-base and which is delivered from the time-base corrector 20Y through a luminance signal output terminal 33Y.
  • the down-converted chroma signal C RF applied to the chroma signal terminal 11C and the FM-modulated audio signal A FM applied to the audio signal input terminal 11A are supplied to a mixer 31, and the resulting mixed signal is supplied from the mixer 31 to the chroma signal time-base corrector 20C.
  • a mixed signal having a corrected time-base is supplied from the chroma signal time-base corrector 20C to the chroma signal processing circuit 32 which derives therefrom a chroma signal C up-converted to its original frequency band by suitable processing thereof, for example, by demodulation or the like, of the down-converted chroma signal.
  • Such chroma signal C is supplied to a chroma signal output terminal 33C.
  • the chroma signal processing circuit 32 performs the required processing of the reproduced chroma signal on the basis of the vertical correlation detection signal and the burst flag signal supplied thereto through the time-base corrector 20C from the luminance signal processing circuit 12.
  • An FM-modulated audio signal A FM having a corrected time-base is supplied from the chroma signal time-base corrector 20C through an output terminal 33A to a suitable audio signal processing circuit (not shown).
  • a time-base corrector 20 which incorporates both the luminance signal time-base corrector 20Y and the chroma signal time-base corrector 20C of Fig. 2 and a control circuit therefor, will now be described further with reference to Fig. 3 in which the base band luminance signal applied from the deemphasizing circuit 19 on Fig. 2 to a terminal 21Y and the down-converted chroma signal applied from the mixer 31 to a terminal 21C are both shown to be supplied to respective inputs of the time-base corrector 20.
  • a memory provided within the time-base corrector 20 of Fig. 3 has a storage capacity sufficient to store therein the luminance signal and the chroma signal of 5 horizontal scanning periods (5H).
  • the luminance and chrominance signals are written in the time-base corrector memory on the basis of a write clock signal W supplied thereto from an automatic frequency control (AFC) circuit (not shown) through a terminal 20a.
  • the write clock signal W is also supplied from the terminal 20a to a first 5H counter 23 which generates a write reset signal WR whenever the counter 23 counts a number of the write clock signals W equivalent to 5 horizontal scanning periods (5H).
  • Such write reset signal WR is supplied from the counter 23 to the time-base corrector 20.
  • a read clock signal R from an oscillator 24 is supplied to the time-base corrector 20, and the luminance signal and chroma signal written in the memory of the time-base corrector 20 are read therefrom on the basis of the read clock signal R and are respectively fed through a luminance signal output terminal 22Y and a chroma signal output terminal 22C for transmission to later stages of the circuit.
  • the read clock signal R is also supplied from the oscillator 24 to a second 5H counter 25 which generates a read reset signal RR whenever the counter 25 counts a number of the read clock signals R equivalent to 5 horizontal scanning periods (5H), and such read reset signal RR is supplied to the time-base corrector 20.
  • the read reset signal RR from the second 5H counter 25 is also shown to be supplied to window pulse generating circuit 26 which, in response to the read reset signal RR, generates a window pulse signal WP supplied to one input terminal of an AND gate 27.
  • the window pulse signal WP generates between high and low level portions each having a duration of 2.5H.
  • the reset signal WR from the first 5H counter 23 is shown to be supplied to the other input terminal of the AND gate 27, and the output of the AND gate 27 is supplied to the 1/n counter 28 for controlling the count start value n of the latter.
  • the 1/n counter 28 is also shown to be supplied with the read clock signal R from the oscillator 24, and the count output of the counter 28 is supplied through an output terminal 20b as a control signal for a reproducing servo circuit (not shown) which, as in the prior art circuit of Fig. 1, may control the motor driving the rotary head drum assembly and/or the capstan motor.
  • the second 5H counter 25 On the basis of the read clock signal R, the second 5H counter 25 generates the read reset signal RR as a pulse which rises at every 5H periods, as shown in Fig. 4 A.
  • the window pulse generating circuit 26 In response to such read reset signal RR, the window pulse generating circuit 26 generates the window pulse signal WP with the waveform shown in Fig. 4B. More particularly, the window pulse signal WP has a high level for an interval of 2.5H periods which, as shown on
  • Figs. 4A and 4B is substantially intermediate the leading edges of successive read reset pulses RR.
  • the output of the AND circuit 27, which receives the window pulse signal WP (Fig. 4B) and the write reset signal WR (Fig. 4C), is supplied to the 1/n counter 28. If the write reset pulse WR rises up during the period in which the window pulse signal WP is at a high level, as in Figs. 48 and 4C, the output of the AND circuit 27 is at a high level during the existence of the write reset pulse or signal WR, that is, the write reset signal WR (Fig. 4C) is, in effect, supplied to the 1/n counter 28.
  • the write reset pulse or signal WR rises up during a period in which the window pulse signal WP is at a low level, that is, if there is no coincidence between the high level portions of the write reset signal or pulse WR and the window pulse signal WP, the output of the AND gate 27 remains at a low level so that the write reset signal or pulse WR is not supplied through the AND gate 27 to the 1/n counter 28.
  • the count start value of the 1/n counter 28 is suitably changed in response to the output of the AND gate 27 so that the control signal supplied from the counter 28 to the reproducing servo circuit will vary the rotation of the rotary head drum assembly and/or of the capstan in the sense to maintain the generation time of the write reset pulse WR during the period in which the window pulse signal WP is at high level.
  • the count start value of the 1/n counter 28 is varied so that the phase difference between the write reset signal WR and the read reset signal RR is maintained at or near the maximum.
  • a video tape recorder having the video signal reproducing circuit of Fig. 2 provided with the time-base corrector of Fig. 3 will now be described with reference to Figs. 5A-5F.
  • the luminance signal Y RF applied to the terminal 11Y after being reproduced from the magnetic tape provides the luminance signal typically shown in Fig. 5A after being FM-demodulated by the circuit 14 in the luminance signal processing circuit 12.
  • the chroma signal C RF applied to the terminal 11C after being reproduced from the magnetic tape is as typically shown in Fig. 5B, and thus contains a burst signal b.
  • the synchronizing separating circuit 18 in the luminance signal processing circuit 12 generates a burst flag signal (Fig. 5C) whose phase or timing coincides with the timing of the burst signal b in the reproduced chroma signal C RF (Fig. 5B).
  • a time-base corrected luminance signal Y (Fig. 5D) is fed from the latter to the output terminal 33Y.
  • a time difference or delay t between the luminance signal (Fig. 5A) at the input to the time-base corrector 20A and the corresponding luminance signal (Fig. 5D) at the output thereof.
  • the time t is shown to be shorter than it is in actual practice for the sake of convenience in illustration and explanation.
  • the chroma signal (Fig.
  • time-base corrector 20C output from the time-base corrector 20C is similarly delayed by the time t relative to the input chroma signal (Fig. 5B).
  • the output chroma signal from the time-base corrector 20C is still a down-­converted chroma signal so that the time-base corrected chroma signal must be frequency-converted or up-converted to its original frequency band by the chroma signal processing circuit 32.
  • the reproduced luminance signal is demodulated, as in the circuit 14, before being supplied to the time-base corrector 20Y and the burst flag signal is generated by the synchronizing separating circuit 18 and the vertical correlation detection signal is provided by the comb filter 17 in the luminance signal processing circuit 12 in advance of the time-base corrector 20Y, such burst flag signal and vertical correlation detection signal are coincident, in timing, with the reproduced luminance and chroma signals shown in Figs. 5A and 5B, respectively. If the burst flag signal shown in Fig.
  • the burst flag signal from the synchronizing separating circuit 18 and the vertical correlation detection signal from the comb filter 17 are supplied to the chroma signal processing circuit 32 through the time-base corrector 20C so that they are time-base corrected and thereby delayed to the same extent as the chroma signal and luminance signal supplied through the time-base correctors 20C and 20Y, respectively. Therefore, the chroma signal (Fig. 5E), the burst flag signal (Fig. 5F) and the vertical correlation detection signal (not shown) are coincident in timing as supplied to the chroma signal processing circuit 32.
  • the processing of the chroma signal in the circuit 32 can be effected with proper timing on the basis of the burst flag signal and the vertical correlation detection signal.
  • the burst flag signal and the vertical correlation detection signal are each one-bit signals of either high level or low level
  • the time-base corrector 20C need only have an extra storage capacity of two bits so as to permit the burst flag signal and the vertical correlation detection signal to be time-base corrected.
  • the luminance signal and the chroma signal extracted from the video signal reproduced from the magnetic tape are time-base corrected by the correctors 20Y and 20C, respectively, for removing any jitter component and thereby making it possible to obtain a satisfactory reproduced signal.
  • the luminance signal which contains a major portion of the recorded information, is FM-­demodulated before being fed to the time-base corrector 20Y, such time-base corrector 20Y does not need to process a signal extended to a high band, as would be the case if the reproduced high frequency FM-modulated luminance signal was supplied, in that form, to the time-base corrector 20Y.
  • the load on the memory of the time-base corrector 20Y is relatively reduced.
  • the down-­converted reproduced signal is time-base corrected by the corrector 20C before the chroma signal is frequency-converted or up-converted to its original frequency band.
  • the time-base correction of the chroma signal is carried out under conditions in which the deterioration of the chroma signal is minimized.
  • the video signal reproducing circuit according to the embodiment of the invention illustrated in Fig. 2 can satisfactorily carry out the necessary signal processing with relatively little signal deterioration and by means of a simplified time-base corrector including a memory of relatively small storage capacity.
  • the time-base corrector 20 comprisesd of the correctors 20Y and 20C is carried out in association with the reproducing servo circuit, as described above with reference to the control circuit of Fig. 3, it is sufficient if the time-base corrector has a memory with a storage capacity of merely several horizontal lines, as distinguished from the relatively massive storage capacity employed in field memories or the like required in the prior art. Therefore, the storage capacity of the memory can be very substantially reduced to simplify and reduce the cost of the time-base corrector.
  • the reproduced FM-modulated audio signal is mixed with the reproduced chroma signal and is then time-base corrected in the same time-base corrector 20C so that any time-base fluctuations in the reproduced audio signal are removed therefrom to provide an excellent output audio signal with little if any wow and flutter components. It is also to be noted that such improvement in the quality of the output audio signal is achieved without providing.a separate or additional time-base corrector for the audio signal.
  • the luminance signal may be time-base corrected at any other locations in the circuit after the luminance signal has been FM-demodulated.
  • the output of the FM-­demodulating circuit 14 in the luminance signal processing circuit 12′ is supplied directly to a luminance signal time-base corrector 20Y′, and the time-base corrected luminance signal from the corrector 20Y′ is supplied to the deemphasizing circuit in the luminance signal processing circuit 12′.
  • the drop-out detecting signal provided in the demodulating circuit 14 is supplied through the time base corrector 20Y′ to the comb filter 17 for ensuring that the timing of the drop-out compensation in the comb filter 17 will be correct.
  • the burst flag signal from the synchronizing separating circuit 18 in the luminance signal processing circuit 12′ and the vertical correlation detection signal from the comb filter 17 also in the processing circuit 12′ are supplied directly to the chroma signal processing circuit 32, that is, do not need to be passed through the chroma signal time-base corrector 20C′.
  • the burst flag signal and the vertical correlation detection signal are derived from the time-base corrected luminance signal, and hence are subjected to the same delay as the chroma signal in passing through the time base corrector 20C′.
  • the time-base correctors 20Y′ and 20C′ may be incorporated in a single unit which is controlled as described above with reference to Fig. 3.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Television Signal Processing For Recording (AREA)
  • Signal Processing Not Specific To The Method Of Recording And Reproducing (AREA)
EP90116193A 1989-08-25 1990-08-23 Videosignalwiedergabegerät Expired - Lifetime EP0414250B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP219815/89 1989-08-25
JP1219815A JP2864550B2 (ja) 1989-08-25 1989-08-25 映像信号再生装置

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0414250A2 true EP0414250A2 (de) 1991-02-27
EP0414250A3 EP0414250A3 (en) 1991-11-06
EP0414250B1 EP0414250B1 (de) 1996-03-27

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP90116193A Expired - Lifetime EP0414250B1 (de) 1989-08-25 1990-08-23 Videosignalwiedergabegerät

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US5285288A (de)
EP (1) EP0414250B1 (de)
JP (1) JP2864550B2 (de)
KR (1) KR100195379B1 (de)
DE (1) DE69026166T2 (de)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP3083382B2 (ja) * 1991-12-26 2000-09-04 パイオニア株式会社 画像情報再生装置の再生速度制御装置
KR950011664B1 (ko) * 1993-07-28 1995-10-07 삼성전자주식회사 영상 재생 시스템의 재생 에러 보정회로

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EP0059333A2 (de) * 1981-02-05 1982-09-08 Sony Corporation Zeitbasiskorrekturschaltung für ein Farbvideosignalwiedergabegerät
JPS59221186A (ja) * 1983-05-31 1984-12-12 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 時間軸補正装置
US4490750A (en) * 1980-10-20 1984-12-25 Sony Corporation Apparatus for reproducing a video signal
JPS61256888A (ja) * 1985-05-09 1986-11-14 Canon Inc ビデオ信号記録装置
EP0292108A2 (de) * 1987-04-10 1988-11-23 Sony Corporation Zeitfehler-Korrigiervorrichtung für Bildsignalen

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JPS57115085A (en) * 1981-01-07 1982-07-17 Canon Inc Magnetic recording and reproducing device
JPS594279A (ja) * 1982-06-29 1984-01-11 Sony Corp 磁気記録再生装置
JPS5934785A (ja) * 1982-08-20 1984-02-25 Sony Corp 記録装置
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JPS6141294A (ja) * 1984-08-02 1986-02-27 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 記録再生装置
JPH0712229B2 (ja) * 1984-12-25 1995-02-08 ソニー株式会社 時間軸補正装置
JPS623590A (ja) * 1985-06-28 1987-01-09 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd カラ−映像信号再生装置
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JPS6359195A (ja) * 1986-08-29 1988-03-15 Hitachi Ltd 磁気記録再生装置
JPS63209391A (ja) * 1987-02-26 1988-08-30 Sharp Corp ビデオテ−プレコ−ダ
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US4490750A (en) * 1980-10-20 1984-12-25 Sony Corporation Apparatus for reproducing a video signal
EP0059333A2 (de) * 1981-02-05 1982-09-08 Sony Corporation Zeitbasiskorrekturschaltung für ein Farbvideosignalwiedergabegerät
JPS59221186A (ja) * 1983-05-31 1984-12-12 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 時間軸補正装置
JPS61256888A (ja) * 1985-05-09 1986-11-14 Canon Inc ビデオ信号記録装置
EP0292108A2 (de) * 1987-04-10 1988-11-23 Sony Corporation Zeitfehler-Korrigiervorrichtung für Bildsignalen

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Title
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JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF MOTION PICTURE ENGINEERS. vol. 94, no. 12, December 1985, NEW YORK US pages 1249 - 1256; Acker: "Component Processing in Time-Base Correctors and Post-Production Switchers" *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 11, no. 110 (E-496) 07 April 1987, & JP-A-61 256888 (CANON) 14 November 1986, *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 9, no. 95 (E-310) 24 April 1985, & JP-A-59 221186 (MATSUSHITA) 12 December 1984, *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0414250B1 (de) 1996-03-27
JP2864550B2 (ja) 1999-03-03
DE69026166T2 (de) 1996-08-08
DE69026166D1 (de) 1996-05-02
JPH0382292A (ja) 1991-04-08
KR910005682A (ko) 1991-03-30
EP0414250A3 (en) 1991-11-06
KR100195379B1 (ko) 1999-06-15
US5285288A (en) 1994-02-08

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