EP0411073A1 - Procede et dispositif d'amelioration de la precision du tir - Google Patents

Procede et dispositif d'amelioration de la precision du tir

Info

Publication number
EP0411073A1
EP0411073A1 EP19900901529 EP90901529A EP0411073A1 EP 0411073 A1 EP0411073 A1 EP 0411073A1 EP 19900901529 EP19900901529 EP 19900901529 EP 90901529 A EP90901529 A EP 90901529A EP 0411073 A1 EP0411073 A1 EP 0411073A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
parameters
pilot
projectiles
trajectory
projectile
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP19900901529
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Heinz Piccolruaz
Andreas Wernli
Hans-Jürgen GUNTERMANN
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Rheinmetall Air Defence AG
Original Assignee
Contraves AG
Oerlikon Contraves AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Contraves AG, Oerlikon Contraves AG filed Critical Contraves AG
Publication of EP0411073A1 publication Critical patent/EP0411073A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41G—WEAPON SIGHTS; AIMING
    • F41G3/00—Aiming or laying means
    • F41G3/14—Indirect aiming means
    • F41G3/142—Indirect aiming means based on observation of a first shoot; using a simulated shoot

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for improving the accuracy of impact of projectiles in a shooting range, comprising a measuring device for tracking and measuring a projectile along a trajectory, a computer for calculating the controllable parameters (shooting elements) and one in accordance with the servo-adjusted effector (gun, launcher or the like) supplied by the computer, the method by which the controllable parameters are calculated on the basis of available target parameters and known predetermined parameters and the trajectory of a pilot projectile is measured with the aid of the measuring device and the the pilot trajectory thus determined is used to correct the controllable parameters for the active projectiles.
  • the invention in question is therefore in the field of fire control and relates in particular to a method for improving the accuracy of unguided and unarmed projectiles. Under unarmed projectiles, missiles can also follow on their ballistic flight the flame cut can be understood. It is assumed that the current and future location of the target, for example its trajectory or trajectory, is exactly known and cannot be influenced and is described by so-called target parameters.
  • controllable parameters for example, shooting elements, guide values
  • predetermined parameters for example, shooting elements, guide values
  • the predefined parameters are those which have an influence on the trajectory of a projectile, but which cannot be changed by the method, i.e. cannot be controlled.
  • they can be grouped into two classes, a first class with parameters that are independent of the shooting system and the floor, such as the wind, the temperature, the air pressure, etc., as a function of the location, and a second class, with parameters that depend on the shooting range and the floor, such as the location and the setting errors of the effectors, deviations from the expected thrust, etc.
  • the basic problem of fire control is therefore to select the controllable parameters (e.g. the direction of the cannon tube from which a projectile is fired and its flight characteristics) so that the projectile also meets the target under the influence of the specified parameters.
  • the specified para- ter for example the weather conditions, the location and the rotational position of the gun's mount and the like, should be known as well as possible.
  • the specified parameters are measured using conventional methods and then taken into account when calculating the controllable parameters.
  • the meteo data e.g. vectorial wind speed, pressure and temperature of the air.
  • these processes are usually so complex and lengthy that they cannot be carried out sufficiently often to also include the specified parameters, which strongly depend on the location (the destination) and the time, e.g. to know the wind speed sufficiently well.
  • Target if the specified parameters themselves do not depend on it. For example, it does not make sense to use the corrections mentioned at the beginning of a burst of fire from the end of the previous burst of fire if the target moves quickly locally.
  • a PIlot projectile with the same flight characteristics as that of the intended active projectile is fired and the pilot trajectory of this pilot projectile is determined by the interaction of the measurement device (radar device) with the flight computer.
  • the directional errors of the effector or the storage of the piercing point of the pilot trajectory from the preselected target object can also be determined in the trajectory computer.
  • Such directional errors result from the action of unknown disturbance variables, such as wind, pressure and temperature and the like, which are referred to here as predefined parameters.
  • predefined parameters such as predefined parameters.
  • only the effect of all of these disturbance variables can affect the trajectories of pilot projectiles are recorded and taken into account by correcting the trajectory of the active projectile, but not these disturbance variables themselves.
  • the object of the invention is to be able to quickly include those predetermined parameters (unknown disturbance variables) which are to be included in a correction of the controllable parameters in the fire control calculation, and even then to be available for the entire space to be covered by the effector (s) if no specific target is yet available.
  • the basic idea of the method according to the invention is not only the locally and / or temporally poorly transmissible effect of a total of locally and / or temporally easily transmissible predetermined parameters on the trajectory of the projectiles or the influence to determine and take into account these effects on the controllable parameters and thus the fire control calculation, but rather the specified parameters themselves; for certain applications, a part of them, namely those which depend on the shooting range and the floor, can be given priority.
  • the trajectories of pilot projectiles are measured, which should not necessarily collide with a target, but are shot anywhere where a target might later be.
  • the same measuring device that later also measures the target (or the target shot) can be used for this purpose.
  • the pilot projectiles can also be fired from the same effector that will later fire the active projectiles. There is enough time to evaluate the measured values intensively and thus to determine them themselves as the cause on the basis of the effect of the predetermined parameters, as a result of which the corresponding corrections of the controllable parameters, above all, can be better transmitted locally, by using the predetermined parameters and the location depend on the goal.
  • the method according to the invention can be automated and can be carried out periodically in times of increased alarm readiness.
  • the specified parameters themselves are inferred as the cause. This conclusion is possible using modern computing methods, of which the Extended Kalman filter is particularly well suited.
  • the movement of the projectile is described by a stochastic differential equation whose state vector contains, for example, the position and speed of the projectile.
  • the state vector is now expanded to include the predetermined parameters sought by no longer considering and treating these as unchangeable parameters, but that as a state variable.
  • the controllable parameters are still considered and treated as unchangeable parameters.
  • the partial derivation of the measured values is calculated and used according to the specified parameters.
  • the effector-dependent specified parameters e.g. set-up error and muzzle velocity
  • this partial derivative is rather large near the effector and rather small away from the effector.
  • the effector-independent predefined parameters e.g. meteo data
  • it is small near the effector and large away from the effector. This makes it easier to distinguish the effector-dependent from the effector-independent predetermined parameters on the basis of a single pilot shot. Nevertheless, if it is to be safe and accurate, such a distinction requires the evaluation of many pilot shots in as different directions as possible.
  • the measuring device can be used, in particular, for the bombardment of moving targets, that is to say with variable target parameters measure both the trajectories of the pilot projectiles and the trajectory of the target.
  • the pilot projectiles can also be of a different type than the active projectiles, so that their movement is described by a different differential equation and is influenced in a different way by the specified parameters.
  • different pilot projectiles are measured, which react differently to the parameters to be determined.
  • the pilot projectiles can carry special devices, for example transponders, corner reflectors, Luneberg lenses and the like, which facilitate their measurement.
  • the active projectiles themselves can also serve as pilot projectiles, and in particular preceding active projectiles can serve as pilot projectiles for a subsequent salvo.
  • a pilot projectile is shot down towards the north.
  • the measuring device observes a deviation towards the east as an effect.
  • Two specified parameters come into question as the cause, namely 1 Westwind or 2.
  • a setup error regarding the side angular position of the lower gun mount Now a target appears in the south. Then the trajectories of the war projectiles must be corrected to the west in the first case and to the east in the second case.
  • This example also shows that the pilot projectiles should be shot wherever possible, where effective projectiles may have to be shot. This is the only way to estimate or identify the parameters and differentiate them.
  • the example also shows that the method can differentiate between the effect of predetermined parameters which depend on the projectile and the gun (in the example, the set-up error) and those which are not dependent on the projectile and gun (that is to say from influencing variables such as the west wind mentioned in the example).
  • the influences of the various predefined parameters are noticeable in different ways along the trajectory.
  • the initial movement of the projectile is primarily dependent on the influencing factors which are related to the shooting range and the projectile, whereas e.g. an unexpectedly rapid decline after the apex is likely to have meteorological causes.
  • the basic idea of this method variant is based on the simplifying assumption that the course of the first part of the trajectory of a projectile, that is to say for example the first 300 to 800 m after leaving the pipe, is only approximately dependent on the specified parameters, which depend on the projectile and gun (device-dependent default parameters GAVP), so that the estimated values of these parameters can be determined from a measurement of the first part of the trajectory alone.
  • the prerequisite for this procedure of the method according to the invention is that the trajectory can be measured from the beginning. It is characterized by a saving in computing power, thus enabling shorter reaction times.
  • This method is particularly suitable for increasing the target performance of artillery tube weapon fire control units if the existing tactical processes are not to be changed. For this reason, a so-called inconsistent shooting is carried out for the most part before the actual firing, whereby one or more shots are usually fired with a main gun. If the trajectories of such pilot shots are now measured and modeled using the simplified method according to the invention, the result of the first Part of the trajectory is the effective v 0 vector (amount, azimuth and elevation). This makes it possible to determine, apart from the wind influences neglected for the initial phase, the misalignment of the main gun and the deviations of the exit velocity amount calculated back on the pipe muzzle from the expected value.
  • the location coordinates of the effector from which the projectile emanates can also be determined as predetermined parameters from this first trajectory section.
  • the simplified method according to the invention can also be extended to the active shots or part of the active shots. Two further advantages are associated with this: firstly, there is no need for the customary, generally inaccurate measurement of the v 0 amount, for example via the Doppler effect, the inaccuracy of which is caused by exit errors, swirl effects of the projectile, after-effects of powder and the like, and secondly, the location coordinates of the guns can be checked relative to the trajectory measuring device and corresponding corrections can be derived therefrom.
  • the variant of the method according to the invention discussed here solves the problem, compared to the known methods, that error transmission no longer takes place from the main gun to the other guns, because each v 0 deviation introduced by the main gun is planted on the other guns and thus on the entire effective shooting, for example. Too large an amount of the initial velocity of the pilot projectile results in an impact in the target area that is too wide. According to the procedures that have been used up to now, i.e. by means of human or electronic observers in the target area this deviation can be attributed, for example, to the effect of mereological influences and the outgoing elements of all guns for active firing are thereby corrected in elevation by a corresponding compensation value.
  • a shooting range with at least the following, known elements is required: at least one sensor as a measuring device, for example radar, laser, TV or Flir, with an at least biaxial sensor servo, which combines the to a common line of sight can give parallel sighting lines of the sensors any direction and, in particular, keep them permanently directed at the target or projectile to be measured; at least one effector, for example a gun or rocket launcher, each with an at least two-axis ef servo servo, which sets the controllable parameters such as the direction of departure of the projectiles; at least one preferably digital computer which estimates the specified parameters as the mentioned state variable and controls the sensor servo and the ef servo servo; Data channels which connect the sensors to the computer or computers and the
  • Fig. 1 schematically a side view of a shooting range
  • FIG. 2 a fire control system of a shooting range according to FIG. 1, shown as a block diagram.
  • a shooting range 100 is shown in schematic side view in FIG.
  • a measurement device 20 and a weapon device (efector) 10 are included, from which a projectile 15 can be fired or fired at a trajectory I.
  • the measuring device 20, which is designed as a stationary or mobile, self-propelled unit, is provided, for example, with a radar, laser, IR or TV tracking device 21 as a sensor, by means of which one or more projectiles 15 fired in succession over a certain period of time and can be sighted and measured over a certain local area with a beam S or beams S., _ n .
  • the weapon device 10 which is also designed as a stationary or mobile, self-propelled unit and which can also be structurally combined with the measuring device 20 containing the fire control computer, has a weapon barrel 11 which, with means not shown, with regard to the controllable parameters, such as the azimuth guide variables and Elevat ⁇ - on - is adjustable for fighting targets.
  • Fig. 2 the principle of the shooting system 100 described above is shown as a block diagram, in which with 22 a command position, with 35 a fire control computer unit, with 10 the weapon device, with 15 or 15 ⁇ , the projectiles fired, 20 is the measuring device and 25 is a computer with memory.
  • the data channels between the blocks carry the following information:
  • the functional sequence of the method according to the invention results from the block diagram in FIG. 2 as follows: From the command point 22, data of the target parameters are sent to the fire control computer unit 35 via the data channel 40, and from this the calculated controllable parameters are sent via the data channel 43 passed on to the weapons facility 10.
  • the trajectories 1., _ N of the projectiles 15,... Fired by the weapon device 10 are measured by the surveying device 20 and the trajectory data are transmitted to the computer 25 via the data channel 47. This calculates and, if necessary, temporarily stores the specified parameters, which are fed to the fire control computer unit 35 via the data channel 48.
  • This fire control computer unit takes the specified parameters into account when calculating the controllable parameters which are fed to the weapon device 10 via the data channel 43 in order to fire live projectiles with the appropriate weapon setting.
  • an estimate of the v 0 vector is calculated from the measurement of the first section of the trajectory, the amount and direction of which deviate more or less from the theoretically expected v 0 vector.
  • both the trajectories of the pilot projectiles and the trajectory of the target are measured by the same measuring device 20, the fire control computer unit 35 can be structurally combined with the computer 25, eliminating the need to enter the target parameters via the data channel 40.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
  • Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

Selon un procédé d'amélioration de la précision du tir de projectiles (15) par une installation de tir, on mesure les trajectoires de projectiles pilotes (15) au moyen d'un dispositif de mesure (20) et on utilise les trajectoires pilotes (1) ainsi obtenues pour corriger les éléments du tir des projectiles actifs. A cet effet, on tire un ou plusieurs projectiles pilotes (15) dans la direction de cibles possibles et/ou connues, on calcule les paramètres prédéterminés qui influencent la trajectoire sur la base des trajectoires pilotes (1), puis on les enregistre et on les utilise immédiatement ou par la suite pour calculer les éléments du tir. Selon une variante simplifiée du procédé, on détermine l'écart de l'effecteur (10) utilisé pour calculer les éléments du tir par la seule mesure de la section initiale de la trajectoire du projectile.
EP19900901529 1989-01-24 1990-01-24 Procede et dispositif d'amelioration de la precision du tir Withdrawn EP0411073A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH20789 1989-01-24
CH207/89 1989-01-24

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0411073A1 true EP0411073A1 (fr) 1991-02-06

Family

ID=4181697

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19900901529 Withdrawn EP0411073A1 (fr) 1989-01-24 1990-01-24 Procede et dispositif d'amelioration de la precision du tir

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0411073A1 (fr)
BR (1) BR9004712A (fr)
CA (1) CA2023659A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1990008936A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5454265A (en) * 1991-06-20 1995-10-03 Diehl Gmbh & Co. Installation for the measurement of the altitude of a surface wind, particularly for improving the hitting accuracy of unguided projectiles
FI98957C (fi) * 1996-06-19 1997-09-10 Pekka Pylkkaenen Menetelmä tykin, kranaatin- tai raketinheittimen tai vastaavan ammuksen lentoradan korjaamiseksi
DE19718947B4 (de) * 1997-05-05 2005-04-28 Rheinmetall W & M Gmbh Pilotgeschoß
GB0223437D0 (en) * 2002-10-03 2003-02-26 Alenia Marconi Systems Ltd Improvements in or relating to targeting systems
US7121183B2 (en) * 2004-03-29 2006-10-17 Honeywell International Inc. Methods and systems for estimating weapon effectiveness
CN1981207B (zh) 2004-07-02 2010-05-05 互动体育竞赛有限公司 确定发射弹丸实际方向和预定方向之间偏差的方法和装置
KR100947898B1 (ko) 2005-03-03 2010-03-17 인터액티브 스포츠 게임스 에이/에스 스포츠 공의 회전 파라미터 결정
US9645235B2 (en) 2005-03-03 2017-05-09 Trackman A/S Determination of spin parameters of a sports ball
US10393870B2 (en) 2005-03-03 2019-08-27 Trackman A/S Determination of spin parameters of a sports ball
KR102408358B1 (ko) 2009-01-29 2022-06-14 트랙맨 에이/에스 레이더 및 촬상 요소를 포함하는 조립체
IL204455A (en) * 2010-03-14 2015-03-31 Shlomo Cohen Artillery firing system and method
EP2605036B1 (fr) 2011-12-16 2019-10-23 Trackman A/S Procédé et capteur pour déterminer une direction d'arrivée de radiation par impact
US10379214B2 (en) 2016-07-11 2019-08-13 Trackman A/S Device, system and method for tracking multiple projectiles
US10444339B2 (en) 2016-10-31 2019-10-15 Trackman A/S Skid and roll tracking system
US10989791B2 (en) 2016-12-05 2021-04-27 Trackman A/S Device, system, and method for tracking an object using radar data and imager data

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH550375A (de) * 1972-10-05 1974-06-14 Contraves Ag Artilleriepilotgeschoss.
US3848509A (en) * 1972-10-31 1974-11-19 Us Navy Closed-loop gun control system
FR2250095B1 (fr) * 1973-11-07 1978-11-17 Dassault Electronique
US4449041A (en) * 1980-10-03 1984-05-15 Raytheon Company Method of controlling antiaircraft fire
SE460501B (sv) * 1986-09-17 1989-10-16 Bofors Ab Saett och anordning att foelja en raketprojektil i dess bana

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO9008936A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BR9004712A (pt) 1991-07-30
CA2023659A1 (fr) 1990-07-25
WO1990008936A1 (fr) 1990-08-09

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP1304539B1 (fr) Procédé et dispositif pour pointer un tube de cannon et utilisation du dispositif
EP0411073A1 (fr) Procede et dispositif d'amelioration de la precision du tir
EP1848953B1 (fr) Procede de determination d'une solution de conduite de tir
CH694382A5 (de) Verfahren zur Bekämpfung mindestens eines Flugzieles mittels einer Feuergruppe, Feuergruppe aus mindestens zwei Feuereinheiten und Verwendung der Feuergruppe.
EP1920209B1 (fr) Procede d'optimisation du declenchement du tir d'une arme ou d'une piece d'artillerie
DE602004001766T2 (de) Verfahren zum aktivieren eines geschosses in einer flugbahn an einem gewünschten punkt und zu einem berechneten zeitpunkt
DE3531596C2 (de) Verfahren zum Bekämpfen eines Zieles mit einem Geschütz
DE2936643A1 (de) Verfahren und anordnung fuer die abschaetzung der richtgenauigkeit einer waffe
DE3013405C2 (de) Verfahren zum Vermeiden des Nachrichtens von Abschußgeräten für ballistische Flugkörper
DE1553994B2 (de) Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Abfeuern von nichtgelenkten Geschossen gegen bewegte Luftziele
EP1314950A1 (fr) Procédé et dispositif pour l'évaluation des erreurs de pointage d'un système d'arme et utilisation du procédé
DE3303763C2 (fr)
DE1951622A1 (de) Anordnung zur Simulation von Schussbahnen
CH656453A5 (en) Device for firing simulation using light pulses
WO2022083822A1 (fr) Détermination de solution de guidage de tir d'arme d'artillerie
EP2989408B1 (fr) Procédé d'exploitation d'un système d'arme
EP1450125A1 (fr) Procédé et dispositif pour combattre une cible
DE4018198C2 (de) Lenkverfahren für Geschosse und Anordnungen zur Durchführung des Verfahrens
DE19912093A1 (de) Verfahren zur Schußsimulation
EP3350535B1 (fr) Tourelle téléopérée et procédé de commande d'une tourelle téléopérée
EP0862042B1 (fr) Procédé pour la formation d'équipes d'artilleurs, installation pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé et utilisation de cette installation
DE19805850C1 (de) Lenkflugkörper
DE19806911C2 (de) Verfahren zur Überwachung der Ausichtung einer Artilleriewaffe
DE2827856B1 (de) Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur qualitativen Bestimmung der Ablage eines am Ziel vorbeifliegenden Geschosses
DE102022001289A1 (de) Verfahren zum Ausweichen eines Flugkörpers vor einem Abfangflugkörper

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19900817

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): BE CH DE FR GB IT LI NL SE

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN

18D Application deemed to be withdrawn

Effective date: 19920801