EP0387117B1 - Textile thermocollant destiné à l'entoilage et son procédé de fabrication - Google Patents

Textile thermocollant destiné à l'entoilage et son procédé de fabrication Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0387117B1
EP0387117B1 EP90400484A EP90400484A EP0387117B1 EP 0387117 B1 EP0387117 B1 EP 0387117B1 EP 90400484 A EP90400484 A EP 90400484A EP 90400484 A EP90400484 A EP 90400484A EP 0387117 B1 EP0387117 B1 EP 0387117B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
textile
layer
stiffening
weft
accordance
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP90400484A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0387117A1 (fr
Inventor
Pierre Groshens
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
CHARGETEX 16
Lainiere de Picardie BC SAS
Original Assignee
Lainiere de Picardie SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Application filed by Lainiere de Picardie SA filed Critical Lainiere de Picardie SA
Publication of EP0387117A1 publication Critical patent/EP0387117A1/fr
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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H13/00—Other non-woven fabrics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41—WEARING APPAREL
    • A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
    • A41D27/00—Details of garments or of their making
    • A41D27/02—Linings
    • A41D27/06—Stiffening-pieces
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04B—KNITTING
    • D04B21/00—Warp knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes
    • D04B21/14—Fabrics characterised by the incorporation by knitting, in one or more thread, fleece, or fabric layers, of reinforcing, binding, or decorative threads; Fabrics incorporating small auxiliary elements, e.g. for decorative purposes
    • D04B21/16—Fabrics characterised by the incorporation by knitting, in one or more thread, fleece, or fabric layers, of reinforcing, binding, or decorative threads; Fabrics incorporating small auxiliary elements, e.g. for decorative purposes incorporating synthetic threads
    • D04B21/165—Fabrics characterised by the incorporation by knitting, in one or more thread, fleece, or fabric layers, of reinforcing, binding, or decorative threads; Fabrics incorporating small auxiliary elements, e.g. for decorative purposes incorporating synthetic threads with yarns stitched through one or more layers or tows, e.g. stitch-bonded fabrics
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/44—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/44—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
    • D04H1/46—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/54—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
    • D04H1/541—Composite fibres, e.g. sheath-core, sea-island or side-by-side; Mixed fibres
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/54—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
    • D04H1/542—Adhesive fibres
    • D04H1/549—Polyamides
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/54—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
    • D04H1/542—Adhesive fibres
    • D04H1/55—Polyesters
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2403/00—Details of fabric structure established in the fabric forming process
    • D10B2403/01—Surface features
    • D10B2403/011—Dissimilar front and back faces
    • D10B2403/0112—One smooth surface, e.g. laminated or coated
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2403/00—Details of fabric structure established in the fabric forming process
    • D10B2403/02—Cross-sectional features
    • D10B2403/024—Fabric incorporating additional compounds
    • D10B2403/0241—Fabric incorporating additional compounds enhancing mechanical properties
    • D10B2403/02411—Fabric incorporating additional compounds enhancing mechanical properties with a single array of unbent yarn, e.g. unidirectional reinforcement fabrics
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24033—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including stitching and discrete fastener[s], coating or bond
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/40—Knit fabric [i.e., knit strand or strip material]
    • Y10T442/494—Including a nonwoven fabric layer other than paper
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
    • Y10T442/637—Including strand or fiber material which is a monofilament composed of two or more polymeric materials in physically distinct relationship [e.g., sheath-core, side-by-side, islands-in-sea, fibrils-in-matrix, etc.] or composed of physical blend of chemically different polymeric materials or a physical blend of a polymeric material and a filler material
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
    • Y10T442/682—Needled nonwoven fabric
    • Y10T442/684—Containing at least two chemically different strand or fiber materials
    • Y10T442/688—Containing polymeric strand or fiber material

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a fusible textile intended for interlining and its manufacturing process.
  • It relates more particularly to fusible textiles intended for the interlining of breastplates, co-breastplates, breastplate reinforcements or breastplates.
  • Iron-on textiles incorporating a layer of nonwoven have great flexibility but do not offer sufficient nervousness.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore a fusible textile intended for the interlining which, while remaining light, has a large volume and at the same time a good nervousness.
  • a fusible textile intended for interlining of the type comprising a nonwoven textile layer, a weft, a knitted yarn ensuring the connection between the weft and the nonwoven textile layer, and a layer of adhesive. fusible.
  • the weft is composed of threads having undergone a strong retraction after their association with the non-woven textile layer.
  • the invention also relates to a process for manufacturing a fusible textile intended for interlining of the type in which a nonwoven textile web is formed, a "RACHEL" loom is made to bond this web with a weft by a sewing thread, the textile thus obtained is finished, a thermoadhesive coating layer is deposited. According to the invention, during finishing, the frame undergoes a strong shrinkage.
  • the fusible textile 1 intended for the interlining comprises a nonwoven textile layer 2.
  • this layer 2 The main role of this layer 2 is to give the fusible textile a large volume relative to its weight. It is produced from a sheet of fibers which is not very compacted, and possibly undergoes a minimum binding to give just sufficient cohesion to the fibers in order to avoid the attachment of the surface fibers to the knitting members before its association with the weft 3 .
  • the weakly bound and therefore not very resistant fiber sheet will be transported without tension to the knitting front.
  • this bonding can be carried out by hot calendering.
  • the fibers of this layer 2 of nonwoven fabric are preferably made of two-component polyamide, one of them being capable of being melted and of ensuring binding by calendering.
  • This layer 2 of nonwoven fabric can also be produced with synthetic fibers, for example polyester or polyamide, or even with natural and artificial fibers (example Viscose). A weak bonding of this nonwoven layer can be achieved by needling.
  • the fusible textile intended for the interlining comprises a weft 3 made up of threads 6.
  • This weft 3 is preferably a straight weft.
  • a knitted yarn 4 provides the connection between the weft 3 and the non-woven textile layer 2. It can be multifilament.
  • the non-woven textile layer 2 constitutes a bottom which is pierced by the needles during knitting.
  • the knitting is preferably a knitted fabric and the weft 3 is preferably inserted during knitting.
  • the wefts 6 of weft 3 are capable of strong shrinkage during finishing.
  • This retraction decreasing the width of the nonwoven textile web gives it a volume greater than that which it had initially and therefore better relief.
  • This mode of association of a nonwoven web 2 and a retractable weft 3 makes it possible to obtain a fusible textile intended for the interlining having a controlled elasticity in the direction perpendicular to the weft 3 while it has good nervousness in the direction of the weft 3, while retaining an extensibility determined by the conditions of the shrinkage treatment.
  • Different yarns are known to have a high shrinkage capacity on finishing (high bulk).
  • These threads can be textured polyester or polyamide threads comprising continuous filaments to which it was given during their manufacture, according to a known technique, a crimp memory.
  • wires are momentarily fixed to their maximum length and when they are subjected to the finishing treatment, by the effect of temperature or of an adequate aqueous treatment, they take a new configuration giving the wires which incorporate them a dimension less than their initial dimension.
  • the rate of the weft retraction is at least 15%. It can reach 40%.
  • Yarns of retractable fibers for example High Bulk Acrylic
  • the presence of the weft 3 on one of the faces of the layer of nonwoven fabric provides the heat-bonding fabric of the invention with asymmetrical properties. Surprisingly, it has been found preferable, when using the fusible textile, to locate the weft 3 in contact with the drapery. The nervousness thus obtained is thus greater. For this reason, the weft 3 and the adhesive layer 5 are preferably on the same side of the nonwoven layer 2.
  • the retraction of the weft 3 decreasing the width of the nonwoven layer 2 therefore increases its average thickness which has been compressed during knitting and thereby its volume by forcing the fibers to a crimping effect under the action of the retraction.
  • the retraction of the frame 3 will be produced during the finishing.
  • other means can be envisaged to produce this retraction.
  • a fusible textile intended for interlining may have a density of 70 to 100 g per m2 for the production of co-plastrons or plastron reinforcements.
  • the layer of iron-on adhesive is produced by a point coating of 2 to 17 mesh for example [number of points of iron-on material in a square whose diagonal measures 2.4 cm (1 inch)].
  • the fusible material constituting the layer of adhesive is any one of those commonly used to laminate the reinforcing fabrics to the textiles to receive them. It can be based on vinyl polymers, polyolefins, polyamides, etc.
  • These substances can be in the form of powder or paste.
  • the usual coating methods can be used.
  • the preferred method is that of coating by screen printing type printing.
  • a layer 2 of nonwoven fabric is formed.
  • the nonwoven layer 2 used is not very compacted and has a light binding.
  • This bonding can be carried out by hot calendering or else this non-woven textile layer can be weakly needled or pre-needled, for example with a density of penetration needles of 20 to cm 2.
  • the nonwoven layer consists of polyamide, polyester or even natural or artificial fibers.
  • a non-woven textile layer 2 is fed with a "RACHEL” loom also called “weft loom” with weft insertion.
  • a "RACHEL” loom is schematically represented in FIG. 3.
  • the weft 3 is deposited on the nonwoven layer 2.
  • the assembly is slightly compressed between the front 11 and the felling plate 12.
  • the compound needle 13 cooperates with known manner with the pass bars 14 for making the knitting.
  • the layer 2 of non-woven fabric is pierced by the needles 11 of the loom and is therefore inserted into the knitted fabric and held by it.
  • the loom inserts a weft 3 in the knitted fabric and therefore on the surface of the layer 2 of nonwoven fabric.
  • weft threads 6 undergo a shrinkage which decreasing their size leads to a decrease in the width of the textile produced therefore of the nonwoven layer 2 and increases its volume.
  • the textile is then subjected to conventional finishing operations, shrinkage can occur during these operations.
  • thermoadhesive coating layer is deposited on the textile.
  • This coating is preferably a coating by points and is carried out for example by an engraving cylinder of the screen printing type.
  • the invention allows the production of a fusible textile intended for the interlining whose volume is greater than that which would be naturally imparted by the layer of nonwoven fabric, the nervousness of which is largely determined by the properties of the weft threads.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Details Of Garments (AREA)
  • Woven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Manufacturing Of Multi-Layer Textile Fabrics (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Knitting Of Fabric (AREA)
EP90400484A 1989-03-08 1990-02-21 Textile thermocollant destiné à l'entoilage et son procédé de fabrication Expired - Lifetime EP0387117B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8903045A FR2644043B1 (fr) 1989-03-08 1989-03-08 Textile thermocollant destine a l'entoilage et son procede de fabrication
FR8903045 1989-03-08

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0387117A1 EP0387117A1 (fr) 1990-09-12
EP0387117B1 true EP0387117B1 (fr) 1992-06-17

Family

ID=9379497

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP90400484A Expired - Lifetime EP0387117B1 (fr) 1989-03-08 1990-02-21 Textile thermocollant destiné à l'entoilage et son procédé de fabrication

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (1) US5194320A (cs)
EP (1) EP0387117B1 (cs)
JP (1) JPH0788615B2 (cs)
AT (1) ATE77213T1 (cs)
CA (1) CA2011687C (cs)
DE (1) DE69000144T2 (cs)
DK (1) DK0387117T3 (cs)
ES (1) ES2033161T3 (cs)
FR (1) FR2644043B1 (cs)
GR (1) GR3005308T3 (cs)

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FR2724186B1 (fr) * 1994-09-02 1997-09-19 Picardie Lainiere Procede de fabrication d'un support textile composite destine au renfort d'une ceinture et support textile composite ainsi obtenu
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FR2747893B1 (fr) * 1996-04-30 1998-06-19 Picardie Lainiere Col a support textile de renforcement
DE19636722C2 (de) * 1996-09-10 1999-07-08 Kufner Textilwerke Gmbh Vliesverbund für Bekleidung, Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung und dessen Verwendung
DE19644111C2 (de) * 1996-10-23 1998-12-24 Kufner Textilwerke Gmbh Elastische Einlage
FR2763482B1 (fr) * 1997-05-26 1999-08-06 Picardie Lainiere Entoilage thermocollant a filaments de gros titrage
EP0927523A1 (de) * 1997-10-22 1999-07-07 Hänsel Textil GmbH & Co. Textile Fixiereinlage sowie Verfahren und Vorrichtung zu ihrer Herstellung
FR2773956B1 (fr) * 1998-01-28 2000-03-03 Picardie Lainiere Support textile de renforcement d'un col de chemise ou piece equivalente
US6524980B1 (en) 1999-10-01 2003-02-25 The Garland Company, Inc. Roofing membranes using composite reinforcement constructions
JP2002357002A (ja) * 2001-05-31 2002-12-13 Toray Ind Inc コンクリート補修・補強用シート材とそれを用いたコンクリート構造物
US20090089911A1 (en) * 2007-10-05 2009-04-09 Smith Timothy J Comfortable Protective Garments

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2033161T3 (es) 1993-03-01
JPH0788615B2 (ja) 1995-09-27
DE69000144T2 (de) 1992-12-24
CA2011687C (fr) 1994-09-06
DE69000144D1 (de) 1992-07-23
US5194320A (en) 1993-03-16
ATE77213T1 (de) 1992-07-15
DK0387117T3 (da) 1992-10-05
FR2644043A1 (fr) 1990-09-14
GR3005308T3 (cs) 1993-05-24
FR2644043B1 (fr) 1992-03-20
JPH02277865A (ja) 1990-11-14
CA2011687A1 (fr) 1990-09-08
EP0387117A1 (fr) 1990-09-12

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