Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
  • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
  • B24D7/00—Bonded abrasive wheels, or wheels with inserted abrasive blocks, designed for acting otherwise than only by their periphery, e.g. by the front face; Bushings or mountings therefor
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
  • B23Q17/00—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
  • B23Q17/09—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring cutting pressure or for determining cutting-tool condition, e.g. cutting ability, load on tool
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
  • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
  • B24B33/00—Honing machines or devices; Accessories therefor
  • B24B33/08—Honing tools
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
  • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
  • B24B49/00—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation
  • B24B49/18—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation taking regard of the presence of dressing tools
  • B24B49/183—Wear compensation without the presence of dressing tools
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T407/00—Cutters, for shaping
  • Y10T407/27—Cutters, for shaping comprising tool of specific chemical composition

Definitions

• the invention relates to a tool for machining, formed by a cutting body serving for machining and thereby subject to wear and a cutting body carrier carrying the cutting body.
• Another possibility is to monitor the delivery path in the case of electronic-mechanical or electronic-hydraulic delivery of the tools.
• this only means an indirect control of wear, for example the cutting surface of a honing stone.
• the infeed is carried out in steps by a certain number of impulses, then - according to the suspected wear and tear - after a presettable number of processing cycles, a likewise pre-settable number of additional infeed impulses can be provided.
• even such a device does not provide actual wear monitoring, but only wear compensation.
• only the sum of the additional impulses required for compensation and the comparison with an empirically predetermined usable height of the cutting surface of a honing stone gives that of one Machine control usable information whether it is necessary to replace a honing stone. With modern machine controls, the usable height of the cutting surface, the number of steps each
• the object of the invention is therefore to provide a tool of the type mentioned and a suitable measuring device which makes it possible to directly record the state of wear of a tool, ie to determine when the cutting body is worn, so that a replacement of the Tool is required.
• the measurement should be carried out directly on the tool, ie register the wear state as such, and not
• the measurement should also be independent of the inaccuracies in the manufacture of the cutting surface, ie in spite of such inaccuracies in the height of the cutting surface, the measurement process should also be accurate still work if the tool is wetted by flushing and / or cooling media (eg honing oil).
• the arrangement should also be simple; existing machines should be able to be retrofitted with it. Wear monitoring should be able to be coupled to the machine controls by appropriate interfaces so that either an automatic workpiece change or a Mel to the operating personnel.
• an electromagnetic radiation at specific wavelengths is selectively absorbing and / or emitting substance Layer, embedded in a layer of other material, or as a coating of an indicator carrier arranged as a discrete element following the cutting body.
• the selectively absorbing and / or emitting substance arranged underneath appears.
• the mentioned property of selective absorption or emission is determined by the measuring device according to the invention. From this determination, a signal can be derived which either informs operator personnel or causes an automatic tool change. So all mistakes and shortcomings are one
• FIG. 1 shows a cross section through an embodiment of a tool
• Figure 2 shows an embodiment of a measuring device
• Figure 3 shows the arrangement of the measuring device of Figure 3 on a honing tool.
• Figure 4 shows the cross section through a second
• FIG. 5 shows the cross section of a stamp for producing a tool according to FIG. 4;
• FIG. 6 shows a step in the production of a further exemplary embodiment of a tool according to the invention.
• Figure 7 shows the cross section through another
• FIG. 8 shows a plan view of the tool according to FIG. 7.
• a honing stone 1 (FIG. 1) is formed by a cutting surface 2, an adhesive layer 3 and a steel sole 4.
• the steel sole is usually approx. 1-3 mm thick, the adhesive layer usually 0.1 to 0.2 mm. It consists of binding material and various non-ferrous metals (e.g. copper, zinc, tin).
• the cutting surface consists of binding material with embedded diamond grain, with a diameter of 7 - 400 ⁇ m and a concentration of 1 to 200 carats / cm 3 .
• Such honing stones are used at temperatures of 700 - 1000 . sintered.
• a fluorescent dye shown in the form of powder particles 5 in the ratio of two parts of binding powder to one part of dye, is embedded in the adhesive layer 3. Fluorescent dyes that can withstand high temperatures and are not toxic are known from the cosmetics and printing industries. They are obtained using so-called fluorophores.
• FIG. 2 shows a measuring device for measuring the wear of a honing stone 1. If the cutting surface 2 has worn out to such an extent that the adhesive layer 4 containing the fluorescent dye becomes apparent, this can then be determined:
• a measuring device 10 is provided on the relevant machine tool (honing machine, grinding machine). It has a selectively emitting radiation arrangement, formed by a radiation source 11, filter 12 and a lens arrangement 13 for focusing the emitted radiation.
• the bundled radiation strikes the honing stone 1, ie - after the cutting coating 2 has worn - the adhesive layer 3 containing the fluorescent substance 5.
• a receiver arrangement is also provided, consisting of a lens arrangement 14, filters 15 and corresponding photodiodes 16.
• the photodiodes 16 are a detector, ie a component, the electrical signal of which is determined by the incident radiation.
• the transmitter arrangement and the receiver arrangement are such that the radiation which is emitted by the substance 5 when it is excited by the transmitter arrangement, is received by the receiver arrangement. Only one filter 12 or 15 is shown in the figures. This is done for the sake of clarity of presentation. In order to determine the individual wavelengths of the specific spectra, several filters 12 or 15 with assigned lenses can be provided in a coordinated manner.
• the filters 12 are so determined that a specific wavelength distribution (spectrum) remains from the radiation source 11, which reaches the surface of the tool 1.
• This radiation is called excitation radiation, e.g. with wavelengths of 254 and 366 nm.
• excitation radiation e.g. with wavelengths of 254 and 366 nm.
• emission radiation e.g. with wavelengths of 490, 530, 610 nm.
• the excitation radiation of a certain spectrum can now be generated either in that the radiation source II itself already emits a correspondingly selective spectrum (e.g. a mercury low-pressure radiator).
• a correspondingly selective spectrum e.g. a mercury low-pressure radiator.
• Another possibility, as shown in Fig. 2 is that appropriate filters between the radiation source and the surface to be excited by the excitation radiation 12 brings in, the permeability is selected accordingly.
• the filters 15 are tuned such that they only let radiation of the corresponding emission spectrum pass through. This ensures absolutely that only the radiation caused by fluorescence of the fluorescent dye in the adhesive layer 3 reaches the photodiode 16 and leads there to a corresponding electrical signal.
• Such an arrangement is insensitive to any other radiation (scattered light from other radiation sources; unwanted reflections, etc.).
• a further receiver is provided in the form of a photodiode 21, which directly receives the radiation emitted by the radiation source 11.
• the signals from both photodiode arrays 16 and 21 reach a quotient generator 22. It provides the ratio of the two signals. This ensures that fluctuations in the illumination intensity (for example caused by fluctuations in the power supply (not shown)) are not included in the final signal on line 23 emitted by the quotient generator 22.
• the signal at the output of the quotient generator 22 reaches a personal computer PC for evaluation and / or registration. Additional lines 24, 24 ', 24 "are used, for example, to signal" pre-warning "," earliest time to change ",” latest time to change ".
• FIG. 3 shows the arrangement of the measuring device 10 in the vicinity of a honing tool 30, along the circumference of which a plurality of honing stones 1 are arranged.
• the fluorescent dye in the form of powder particles 5 is mixed into the adhesive layer 3, which becomes apparent as soon as the cutting surface 2 is worn.
• FIG. 4 Another embodiment of the honing stone is shown in FIG. 4.
• the adhesive layer 3 is provided with a groove 40. This is cut so deep that it just protrudes into the surface of the cutting surface 2 or adjoins it in such a way that after wear of the cutting surface 2 the groove is exposed from the outside.
• the groove itself has e.g. a cross section of 0.3 x 0.3 mm.
• a copper wire 41 is inserted as an indicator tor carrier; it has a coating 42 made of fluorescent dye as an indicator.
• the coating can be about 0.1 mm thick.
• a molded part 43 consisting of adhesive layer 3 and cutting surface 2 is produced, into which a groove 40 is then made with the aid of a stamp 44 shown in cross section in FIG. 5.
• the copper wire 41 is then laid in this groove. Then the steel sole 4 is pressed on and the entire honing stone 1 is sintered.
• a groove 50 is introduced into the tool (for example by spark erosion) from the side of the steel soleplate 4 such that the foot of the groove just protrudes into or closes with the cutting surface 2 and, if the cutting surface 2 wears, the groove 50 from this side is exposed. becomes.
• Fluorescent dye 5 is then introduced into the groove.
• the groove is then closed with solder 51.
• the advantage here is that the dye does not have to be exposed to the temperature and pressure of a sintering process because it is only then introduced.
• a hole can also be drilled instead of a groove. It generally has to be a depression that extends to the cutting surface.
• the measuring device 10 is a photometric arrangement including the selectively absorbing and / or emitting substance, in the tool by means of a transmitter / receiver arrangement.
• the fluorometric method shown it is also possible to determine absorption of infrared radiation or UV radiation. With all types of radiation, it is particularly advantageous if it is not visible light in order to exclude stray light or extraneous light influences. In all of these ways, it is possible to obtain a perfectly functioning measuring device suitable for self-identification of worn tools (honing stones, grinding wheels).
• a chip removing tool has a cutting element (2) which achines metal and is therefore prone to wear, and a support (4) for the cutting element.
• a layer of a substance (5) Arranged between the cutting element (2) and the cutting element support (4) is a layer of a substance (5) which selectively absorbs and / or emits an electromagnetic beam on specific wavelengths. Said layer is either embedded in a layer of another material (4) or constitutes a coating (42) of an indicator support (41) which forms a separate element connected to the cutting element (2).

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Finish Polishing, Edge Sharpening, And Grinding By Specific Grinding Devices (AREA)
• Constituent Portions Of Griding Lathes, Driving, Sensing And Control (AREA)
• Machine Tool Sensing Apparatuses (AREA)
• Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=6332937

Family Applications (2)

Family Applications After (1)

Country Status (5)

Families Citing this family (24)

Family Cites Families (18)

• 1987
  • 1987-08-03 DE DE3725652A patent/DE3725652A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 1988
  • 1988-07-27 WO PCT/EP1988/000682 patent/WO1989000902A2/de not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1988-07-27 EP EP88905842A patent/EP0364482A1/de active Pending
  • 1988-07-27 US US07/460,940 patent/US5144773A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1988-07-27 DE DE8888201645T patent/DE3869514D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1988-07-27 EP EP88201645A patent/EP0302565B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1988-07-27 JP JP63506072A patent/JPH02503770A/ja active Pending

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