EP0349415B1 - Verfahren und Einrichtung zur Steuerung eines Matrixbildschirmes, der Grauwerte anzeigt - Google Patents

Verfahren und Einrichtung zur Steuerung eines Matrixbildschirmes, der Grauwerte anzeigt Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0349415B1
EP0349415B1 EP89401825A EP89401825A EP0349415B1 EP 0349415 B1 EP0349415 B1 EP 0349415B1 EP 89401825 A EP89401825 A EP 89401825A EP 89401825 A EP89401825 A EP 89401825A EP 0349415 B1 EP0349415 B1 EP 0349415B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
line
gray level
screen
columns
lines
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EP89401825A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0349415A1 (de
Inventor
Anne Ghis
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Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA
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Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique CEA
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
    • G09G3/34—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source
    • G09G3/36—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source using liquid crystals
    • G09G3/3611—Control of matrices with row and column drivers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
    • G09G3/22—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
    • G09G3/34—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source
    • G09G3/36—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source using liquid crystals
    • G09G3/3611—Control of matrices with row and column drivers
    • G09G3/3685—Details of drivers for data electrodes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G2310/00—Command of the display device
    • G09G2310/02—Addressing, scanning or driving the display screen or processing steps related thereto
    • G09G2310/0264—Details of driving circuits
    • G09G2310/027—Details of drivers for data electrodes, the drivers handling digital grey scale data, e.g. use of D/A converters
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G2320/00—Control of display operating conditions
    • G09G2320/06—Adjustment of display parameters
    • G09G2320/0693—Calibration of display systems
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
    • G09G3/2007—Display of intermediate tones
    • G09G3/2014—Display of intermediate tones by modulation of the duration of a single pulse during which the logic level remains constant

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and a device for controlling a matrix display screen intended for displaying images having gray levels. It applies in particular to the control of fluorescent micro-tip screens or liquid crystal screens.
  • the images can be in black and white or in color, the expression "gray level” meaning in the latter case “color halftone”.
  • the lines are successively addressed, that is to say carried from an appropriate potential Vlp to another suitable potential Vla une times per image and during a time T called "line time" which is the same for all the lines and which is equal to the quotient of the duration of an image by the number of lines; simultaneously with the addressing of each line, the columns receive signals making it possible to control the respective states of the image elements, or pixels, of the line considered, according to the desired image: a column is brought to an appropriate potential Vca if the corresponding pixel must be on and at another suitable potential Vce if the corresponding pixel must, on the contrary, be off.
  • the addressing of the line considered ceases and the next line is addressed, the signals received by the columns depending on the respective states desired for the pixels of this next line and so on.
  • a first technique consists in subjecting a column to an intermediate potential between Vca and Vce so that the corresponding pixel has an intermediate brightness between that which corresponds to the lit pixel and that which corresponds to the extinct pixel.
  • a second technique consists in bringing a column to the Vca potential only for a fraction of the line time, proportional to the quantity of light desired for the corresponding pixel and then to bringing this column to the Vce potential during the rest of the line time (temporal modulation of the control potential of each column).
  • this time for establishing the voltage across a pixel further depends on the access resistance to this pixel linked to its position in the screen. It follows that the charge time of the pixel also depends on this position: for the same control potential, two pixels for example located at the two ends of the same column do not have the same brightness, the pixel closest to the column contact to which the control potential having the highest brightness is applied.
  • the present invention relates to a method and a device for controlling a matrix screen displaying gray levels, which uses a temporal modulation of the control potential of each column and therefore does not have the drawback of the first known technique mentioned above. , and which also does not cause a problem of non-linearity as posed by the second known technique mentioned above.
  • US-A-4 193 095 discloses a device for controlling a matrix screen displaying gray levels.
  • the device includes means for combining a plurality of divided light periods to provide a grayscale image and means for increasing or decreasing the respective widths of the divided light periods in correlation with each other.
  • the present invention firstly relates to a method of controlling a matrix display screen intended to display images whose image elements have gray levels, the gray levels being identified by whole numbers i increasing from 0 to an integer m at least equal to 1, this screen comprising a plurality of rows and a plurality of columns whose intersections are respectively associated with picture elements, method according to which, for each image, these lines are successively activated for a given time T called line time which is the same for all the lines, and, when each line is activated, the columns are simultaneously and respectively controlled by signals intended for activate these columns, each signal being applied for a time which depends on the gray level of the image element corresponding to the intersection of the activated line considered and of the column controlled by the signal considered, process characterized in that the line time T is subdivided into N equal time intervals dt, N being an integer at least equal to m, in that for each line and for each of the gray levels i of this line , a gray level i is respectively associated with a chosen integer Nil of intervals
  • the present invention makes it possible to correlate the time of application of the potential Vac during the line time with the voltage-brightness characteristic of the screen considered.
  • Nil quantities in the present invention and the possibility of choosing these quantities means that one can balance a posteriori - that is to say once the screen and the electronic circuits associated with it are ready to operate or even have already operated - the gray levels obtained with respect to each other, either to obtain a particular gray scale, regular or logarithmic for example, or to compensate for an aging of the screen-circuit assembly, or else to choose a better compromise between coupling and brightness.
  • the coupling in question is a phenomenon which is linked to the resistance of access to different pixels and which visually results in "smudges" from one line of the screen to the other.
  • the sequences of numbers Nil1 and Nil2 can be identical (non-differentiation of the lines on the screen, the lines l1 and l2 not necessarily being successive lines.
  • Nml is less than N, which makes it possible to suppress the phenomenon of smearing from one line to the other, as will be seen more clearly below.
  • FIG. 1 schematically illustrates the principle of the all-or-nothing display in the case of a particular fluorescent screen with microtips.
  • all or nothing display means a display for which each pixel can only be in the off state or in the on state, with no intermediate state.
  • FIG. 1 also shows specific addressing signals for the first three columns of the screen C1, C2 and C3, these signals leading to the following image on the screen: the pixels corresponding to the intersections of the columns C1 , C2 and C3 with line L1 are respectively in the states off, on and off; the intersections of these same columns with the line L2 respectively lead to pixels in the on, off and off states and the same intersections with the line L3 respectively lead to pixels in the on, off and on states.
  • the line time T is divided into N equal intervals dt.
  • N is at least equal to m.
  • N is much greater than m.
  • the gray level 0 (pixel off) is associated with 0 intervals regardless of the number l of the line. In other words, N0l is zero whatever l.
  • the number of intervals dt associated with each of the gray levels is strictly increasing with the brightness of this gray level.
  • the sequence of numbers Nil is a strictly increasing sequence of the variable i.
  • the maximum gray level m (corresponding to a lit pixel) is associated with a number of intervals Nml less than or equal to N whatever l.
  • the column electrode whose pixel must have the non-zero gray level brightness i is carried, from the beginning of the line time T, at the activation potential Vca (0V for certain fluorescent micro-tip screens) and maintained at this potential for Nil time intervals dt, l being the number of the line considered, after which this electrode is brought back at the extinction potential Vce (45V for these fluorescent micro-tip screens) and this, until the start of the next line.
  • the gray levels obtained with a regular distribution over time were compared in accordance with the second known technique, mentioned above (application time of Vac proportional to the desired brightness) with the gray levels obtained with an adjusted distribution.
  • for a fluorescent microtip screen whose emission characteristic is shown in FIG. 3.
  • the variations of the intensity J of the electronic current are represented as a function of the voltage v between a cathode (column) and a grid (line) of the screen. , expressed in volts.
  • the invention makes it possible to obtain luminosity ratios which increase substantially in arithmetic progression, which is not the case. in the prior art.
  • the coupling is limited to 2.7% of the current emitted by a gray level point 15 and this coupling is zero for the other levels 0 to 14.
  • Nile numbers can be determined as follows: - the image of a checkerboard is formed on the screen, or a succession of bands alternately lit (maximum gray level) and unlit (gray level 0). It suffices in fact to form an image comprising an extinct part and a lit part and more precisely, an image comprising at least on the same column a lit point immediately followed by a lit point.
  • the fraction of the line time during which the column electrodes are maintained at the activation potential is then varied, for the lit pixels, either by varying Nml to N constant, or by varying N to Nml constant. In this way, the best compromise between the coupling and the brightness is sought, knowing that the larger Nml / N, the better the brightness but the stronger the coupling.
  • a uniform gray level image m resulting from the previous compromise is then formed on the screen and the brightness of this image is measured for example by means of a photometer or by measuring the anode current (in the case a fluorescent screen with micro-tips).
  • the luminosity which must be obtained for each of the other gray levels is calculated according to a luminosity scale which has been set (regular or logarithmic scale by example).
  • the lowest brightness line is first determined by measuring the respective luminosities of all the lit lines, successively for example.
  • the lowest brightness line is generally the last line, that is to say the one furthest from the contacts allowing the addressing of the screen columns.
  • the number of intervals dt to be assigned to the maximum gray level of this other line is then adjusted, for each other line, so that it has the same brightness as said lowest brightness, the latter being taken for reference. During this adjustment, only said other line considered is lit on the screen.
  • FIG. 5 schematically represents a first particular embodiment of the device which is the subject of the invention, making it possible to control a matrix screen 2, for example a fluorescent screen with microtips, for which the lines of the point of view of their brightness.
  • This screen includes a set of lines 4 parallel to each other and a set of columns 6 which are parallel to each other and perpendicular to the lines.
  • the end of each line is provided with a line contact.
  • the end of each column is provided with a column contact.
  • the device shown in FIG. 5 comprises means 8 for controlling the lines and means 10 for controlling the columns.
  • the intersection of a given line and a given column defines a picture element 12 which appears on the screen when this line and this column are addressed in an appropriate manner.
  • the device represented in FIG. 5 further comprises means 13 provided for supplying the information concerning the gray levels of the pixels, this information being coded in binary system, on 4 bits and denoted GP, and the synchronization pulses, in particular those of start of line.
  • the GP information is presented successively to the input of the shift register 14 and moved in this register 14 so that at the start of the addressing of a line, each information item, which is associated with a pixel, occupies the position of the shift register which is associated with the column corresponding to this pixel.
  • each item of information GP is transferred from its position in the register 14 to the inputs D of the flip-flop 16 of 4 bits associated with this position.
  • the non-inverting outputs Q of this flip-flop are sent to one P of the two inputs (4 bits) of the comparator 18 of 2x4 bits, the other Q input (4 bits) of this comparator receiving GC information which is common to all column commands and coded on 4 bits.
  • This GC information which comes from the means 22 common to all the columns, changes in an increasing manner over the course of the line time T.
  • the output of the comparator 18 is connected to the input of the corresponding amplification means 20, the output of which controls the corresponding column.
  • the output of the comparator 18 remains at logic level 0 and the contact of the column corresponding to the comparator 18 considered is maintained at the potential 0 volt (activation).
  • the output of the comparator 18 passes and remains at logic level 1 and the contact in question is brought and maintained at the potential 45 volts (extinction).
  • the means 22 which are common to all the columns include a first 8-bit counter 24, intended for counting down, a second 4-bit counter 26, a clock 28 and a memory 30.
  • the counters 24 and 26 are for example of the type 74193.
  • the means 22 further comprise a first door 32 of the AND type as well as a second door 34 also of the AND type.
  • the output of door 32 is connected to the clock input CK of the counter 26.
  • the output of door 34 is connected to the (reversing) loading input LD ("load") of the counter 24.
  • An input of the door 32 is connected to the (reverse) retaining output RE ("carry") of the counter 26 and the (reverse) output of end of countdown BO (“borrow”) of the counter 24 is connected to the other input of the door 32 as well as at an entrance to door 34.
  • the means 13 are provided for sending line start information to the line control means 8 and to the reset input RESET of the counter 26. This line start information is also sent to the clock input CK ("latch") of each flip-flop 16 and at the other input of door 34 via an inverter 36.
  • the clock 28 is a regular clock of frequency 1 / dt, that is to say N / T.
  • the pulses supplied by the clock are sent to the DC down counting input of counter 24.
  • the GC information coded on 4 bits comes from the counter 26 and sent on the one hand to the input Q of each of the comparators 18 and on the other hand to the bus address A of memory 30 (the content of counter 26 therefore corresponds to an address of memory).
  • This memory 30 is a memory of 15 words of 8 bits.
  • the outputs Si of this memory 30 are presented on the initialization bus of the counter 24.
  • the counter 26 is reset to zero at the start of the line and incremented by a countdown end signal sent by the output B0 of the counter 24. In fact, at the end of each countdown, the output B0 of the counter 24 goes to the state logic 1 and, the output RE of counter 26 being in logic state 1, the input CK of this counter 26 receives a pulse.
  • the counter 24 is decremented by the clock 28 and takes into account the outputs Si of the memory 30 during the transmission of its down-counting signal. This signal in fact corresponds to a transition from the output BO of the counter 24 to the logic state 1 and, as the output of the inverter is in the logic state 1, the input LD of the counter 24 receives a pulse.
  • the information Si is placed at the address i of the memory and is equal to the number of intervals dt to count to pass from the number of intervals corresponding to the gray level i to the number of intervals corresponding to the gray level i + 1.
  • the content of the memory 30 is as follows:
  • the means 22 therefore operate in the following manner: at the start of the line, the counter 26 is reset to zero. Its content is then 0. At address 0, the memory 30 includes the number of intervals dt corresponding to the gray level 1. This number is transferred to the counter 24 which is decremented by the clock 28 of frequency 1 / dt. When the counter 24 is at zero, it sends a pulse to the counter 26 which is incremented due to this pulse. The new content of the counter 26 is then 1. At the address 1, the memory 30 includes the additional number of intervals to be counted to reach the number of intervals corresponding to the gray level 2. This additional number is transferred to the counter 24 ... And so on.
  • the memory 30 is for example of the PROM type. To make the gray level adjustments mentioned above, which implies modifications to the content of this memory, it suffices to replace it by a device called "PROM emulator", all other things being equal and, once the settings completed, replace this emulator with memory 30 in which the values obtained with this emulator are written. In addition, if these settings require the number N to be varied, it is sufficient to do so to change the clock 28.
  • FIG. 6 there is shown schematically a second particular embodiment of the device object of the invention, allowing the control of the screen 2 with line differentiation.
  • the device schematically shown in Figure 6 differs from the device which is shown in Figure 5 in that it further comprises a third counter 38 whose incrementation is controlled by the line start pulses (which are sent to the 'clock input CK of counter 38) and whose reset to zero is controlled by an image start signal DI which is supplied by means 13.
  • the number s of output of counter 38 is such that 2 s is at least equal to L (number of lines on the screen).
  • the memory 30 is replaced by a memory 31 of n 8-bit words, n being at least equal to the product of the number of lines of the screen by the number m, equal to 15 in the example given.
  • the words presented on the address bus A of the memory 31 comprise a least significant part and a most significant part.
  • the outputs SL of the counter 38 constitute the most significant part of each of these words, the least significant part of which is the word supplied as an output by the counter 26.
  • the addresses of the memory are therefore identified by words of s + 4 bits .
  • the present invention applies both to the control of a black and white screen as to the control of a color screen.

Claims (11)

  1. Verfahren zur Steuerung eines Matrixbildschirms zur Anzeige (2), der dazu bestimmt ist, Bilder anzuzeigen, deren Bildelemente Grauwerte haben, wobei die Grauwerte durch die ganzen Zahlen i beschrieben werden, welche von 0 aufsteigend bis zu einer ganzen Zahl m gehen, sie mindestens gleich 1 ist, dieser Schirm, der eine Vielzahl von Linien (4) und eine Vielzahl von Spalten (6) umfaßt, deren Schnittpunkte entsprechend mit den Bildelementen (12) verbunden sind, ein Verfahren, gemäß dem für jedes Bild diese Linien nacheinander aktiviert werden während einer gegebenen Zeit T, genannt Linienzeit, welche für alle Linien dieselbe ist, und zur Zeit der Aktivierung von jeder Linie werden die Spalten gleichzeitig und entsprechend durch Signale, die zur Aktivierung dieser Spalten bestimmt sind, gesteuert, wobei jedes Signal angewendet wird während einer Zeit, die von dem Grauwert des dem Schnittpunkt der betrachteten aktivierten Linie mit der durch ein betrachtetes Signal gesteuerten Spalte entsprechenden Bildelements angewendet wird,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    daß man die Linienzeit T in N gleiche Zeitintervalle dt unterteilt, wobei N eine ganze Zahl und mindestens gleich m ist, daß für jede Linie und für jeden der Grauwerte i dieser Linie ein Grauwert i entsprechend mit einer aus den Intervallen dt ausgewählten ganzen Zahl Nil verbunden ist, l die Nummer der betrachteten Linie darstellt, die Zahlen N bilden, für alle gegebenen l, eine streng monoton steigende Folge mit der Variablen i, wobei der erste Term NOl Null und der letzte Term Nml kleiner oder gleich N ist, und daß die besagte Zeit, während der das besagte Signal angewendet wird, gleich dem Produkt von dt mit derjenigen der Zahlen der besagten Folge ist, welche der besagten Linie und dem Grauwerte entspricht, die besagte Spalte wird desaktiviert nach der besagten Zeit, während der das besagte Signal angewendet wird, bis zur Aktivierung der folgenden Linie, die Zahlen Nil werden so ausgewählt, daß man eine bestimmte Aufteilung für die Lichtintensitäten der verschiedenen Grauwerte erhält.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß für alle Linienpaare l1 und l2 die Zahlenfolgen Nil1 und Nil2 identisch sind.
  3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Grauwerte auf folgende Weise gesteuert werden:
    - man bildet auf dem Schirm (2) mindestens zwei korrespondierende Zonen entsprechend dem Grauwert 0 und dem Grauwert m,
    - man läßt den Bruchteil der Linienzeit, während dem die Spalten für die Bildwerte mit den Grauwerten m aktiviert sind, variieren, bis man auf dem Schirm eine gewünschte Bildqualität erhält,
    - man bildet auf dem Schirm ein einförmiges Bild, wobei folglich die Grauwerte m definiert sind und man mißt die Lichtstärke dieser einförmigen Bilder,
    - man berechnet, ausgehend von diesen Werten der gemessenen Lichtstärken, die Lichstärke, die man für jeden der anderen Grauwerte 1 bis m-1 erhalten muß, in Abhängigkeit einer gewählten Grauwertabstufung, und
    - für jeden dieser anderen Grauwerte bildet man auf dem Schirm ein einförmiges Bild, welches diesen anderen Grauwert hat, und man stellt die Zahl der besagten Folge, welche ihm so entspricht, daß man die berechnete Lichtstärke für diesen anderen Grauwert erhält, darauf ein.
  4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß für bestimmte Linien l1, l2 des Schirms die Zahlenfolgen Nil1 und Nil2 nicht identisch sind.
  5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die maximalen Grauwerte auf folgende Weise gesteuert werden:
    - man mißt von allen Linien (4) des Schirms (2) die entsprechenden Lichtstärken, wenn diese Linien im maximalen Grauwert sind und man bestimmt davon die Linie mit der schwächsten Lichtstärke, welche man zum Bezug nimmt, und
    - für jede der anderen Linien l stellt man die den maximalen Grauwerten entsprechende Zahl Nml so ein, daß die erhaltene Lichstärke gleich der Referenzlichtstärke ist.
  6. Verfahren nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die anderen Grauwerte 1 bis m-1 anschließend auf folgende Weise gesteuert werden:
    - man berechnet, ausgehend vom Wert der Bezugslichtstärke, die Lichtstärke, die man für jeden der anderen Grauwerte 1 bis m-1 erhalten muß, in Abhängigkeit von einer gewählten Grauwertabstufung, und
    - für jeden dieser anderen Grauwerte und für jede Linie bildet man auf dem Schirm das Bild von dieser Linie, welches diesen anderen Grauwerte hat und man stellt die Nummer der besagten Folge, die ihm entspricht, so ein, daß man die berechnete Lichstärke für diesen anderen Grauwert erhält.
  7. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Nml für alle l kleiner ist als N.
  8. Steuerungseinrichtung eines Matrixbildschirms zur Anzeige (2), der dazu bestimmt ist, Bilder anzuzeigen, deren Bildelemente Grauwerte haben, wobei die Grauwerte durch ganze Zahlen i beschrieben werden, welche aufsteigend von 0 bis zu einer ganzen Zahl m, die mindestens gleich 1 ist, gehen, und dieser Schirm eine Vielzahl von Linien (4) und eine Vielzahl von Spalten (6) enthält, deren Schnittpunkte entsprechend mit Bildelementen (12) verbunden sind, diese Einrichtung umfaßt:
    - Geräte (8), welche dazu vorgesehen sind um die Linien nacheinander zu aktivieren, während einer gegebenen Zeit T, genannt Linienzeit, die für alle Linien dieselbe ist,und dies für alle Bilder, und
    - Geräte (10) zur gleichzeitigen Steuerung der Spalten, dazu vorgesehen um zur Zeit der Aktivierung jeder Linie Signale zu erzeugen, die dazu bestimmt sind, um entsprechend die Spalten zu aktivieren, wobei jedes Signal während einer Zeit angewendet wird, die von dem Grauwert des dem Schnittpunkt der betrachteten aktivierten Linie mit der durch das betrachtete Signal gesteuerten Spalte entsprechenden Bildelements abhängt,
    die Einrichtung ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Hilfsmitte (10) zur Steuerung der Spalten:
    - Geräte (22) umfassen, welche allgemein für alle Spalten sind und welche:
    . Geräte (28) umfassen, die vorgesehen sind um Impulse der Periode dt gleich T/N zu erzeugen, wobei N eine ganze Zahl und mindestens gleich m ist,
    . Geräte (30, 31) zur Speicherung umfassen, die vorgesehen sind um für jede Linie und mindestens für jeden Grauwert i ungleich Null dieser Linie eine mit einer gewählten ganzen Zahl Nil verbundene Information zu speichern, wobei l die Zahl der betrachteten Linie darstellt, und die Zahlen Nil bilden für alle festen l eine streng monoton steigende Folge der Variablen i mit dem letzten Terms Nml, der kleiner oder gleich N ist , und
    - die Geräte (16, 18) umfassen, die dazu vorgesehen sind, um besagte Signale während einer Zeit anzuwenden, die gleich dem Produkt aus dt und derjenigen der Zahlen der besagten Folge ist, welche der besagten Linie und dem besagten Grauwert entspricht, und zur Desaktivierung der besagte Spalte nach der besagten Zeit, während der das besagte Signal angewendet wird, bis zur Aktivierung der folgenden Linie, die Anwendungszeit von allen Signalen entspricht der Anzeige eines Bildelements des Grauwerts 0 ist Null, die Zahlen Nil werden so ausgewählt, daß man eine bestimmte Aufteilung für die Helligkeitsintensitäten der verschiedenen Grauwerte erhält.
  9. Einrichtung nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Geräte (10) zur Steuerung der Spalten außerdem ein Schieberegister (14) umfassen, dessen Anzahl an Positionen gleich der Anzahl der Spalten (6) ist, und welches am Eingang Informationen der Grauwerte für die Spalten erhält, wobei jede Position mit einer gegebenen Spalte verbunden ist und zur Zeit der Aktivierung einer Linie besetzt ist durch die Information des dieser Spalte entsprechenden Grauwerts i, und daß diese Geräte, die dazu vorgesehen sind, um das besagte Signal anzuwenden, für jede Spalte:
    - ein Register (16) umfassen, welches am Eingang die Information erhält, die in der korrespondierenden Position des Schieberegisters (14) enthalten ist und welches durch die Signale des Linienanfangs gesteuert wird, und
    - einen Komparator (18) mit zwei Eingängen umfaßen, dessen erster Eingang mit dem Ausgang des besagten Registers (16) verbunden ist und dessen Ausgang die Aktivierung der entsprechenden Spalte durch die Zwischenschaltung von Verstärkern (20) steuert,
    und daß die Geräte (22), welche allgemein für alle Spalten sind, dazu vorgesehen sind, um zum zweiten Eingang eines jeden Komparators (18) den ganzen Zahlen k entsprechende Informationen zu senden, und diese Informationen von 0 bis m in steigender Weise im Laufe der Linienzeit so variieren, daß die diesem Komparator entsprechende Spalte aktiviert wird, solange k kleiner i ist, dann desaktiviert und im desaktivierten Zustand gehalten wird sobald k i erreicht, bis zur Aktivierung der folgenden Linie.
  10. Einrichtung nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß für jedes Linienpaar l1 und l2 und jür jeden Grauwert i die Zahlen Nil1 und Nil2 gleich sind, daß die Geräte (22) allgemein für alle Spalten außerdem:
    - einen ersten Zähler (24) umfaßen, der dazu vorgesehen ist, rückwärts zu zählen, und
    - einen zweiten Zähler (26) umfaßen, der auf Null zurückgesetzt wird in dem Moment, wenn eine Linie anfängt, der durch ein Signal am Ende der Zählung, welches durch den ersten Zähler ausgesendet wird, inkrementiert wird, und der zum zweiten Eingang eines jeden Komparators (18) die Informationen sendet, die die Zahlen k darstellen,
    daß dieser erste Zähler (24) durch die Geräte (28) dekrementiert wird, die dazu vorgesehen sind, um die Impulse zu erzeugen, daß die Geräte (30) zur Speicherung mindestens m von 0 bis m-1 nummerierte Register und einen Adressbus umfassen, auf dem die die Zahlen k darstellenden Informationen ausgesendet werden, daß die Ausgangssignale dieser Geräte (30) zur Speicherung die Initialisierung des ersten Zählers (24) steuern, welcher diese Ausgangssignale in Betracht zieht zur Zeit der Emission seines Signals am Ende der Zählung, und daß die an der Adresse i des Speichermittels anwesende Information, wobei i einen der Werte zwischen 0 und m-1 annimmt, gleich der Differenz zwischen den Zahlen N(i+1)l und Nil ist.
  11. Einrichtung nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß für bestimmte Linien l1, l2 des Schirms die Zahlenfolgen Nil1 und Nil2 nicht identisch sind, daß die Geräte (22) allgemein für alle Spalten außerdem:
    - einen ersten Zähler (24) umfassen, der dazu vorgesehen ist um rückwärts zu zählen,
    - einen zweiten Zähler (26) umfassen, der auf Null zurückgesetzt wird in dem Moment, wenn eine Linie anfängt, der inkrementiert wird durch ein Signal am Ende der Zählung, welches durch den ersten Zähler (24) ausgesendet wird, und der an den zweiten Eingang eines jeden Komparators (18) die Informationen, welche die Zahlen k darstellen, aussendet, und
    - einen dritten Zähler (38) umfassen, der am Anfang eines Bildes auf Null zurückgesetzt ist und zu Beginn jeder Linie inkrementiert wird,
    daß der erste Zähler (24) durch die Geräte (28) dekrementiert wird, welche dazu vorgesehen sind, um die Impulse zu erzeugen, daß die Geräte (31) zur Speicherung mindestens m*L Register, wobei L die Anzahl der Linien ist, und einen Adressbus umfassen, auf dem die Informationen, welche die Zahlen k in Form von binären Wörtern in zwei Teilen darstellen, ausgesendet werden, der größere Anteil entspricht den Ausgangssignalen des dritten Zählers (38), der kleinere Anteil entspricht den die Zahlen k darstellenden Informationen, daß die Ausgangssignale dieser Speichergeräte (31) die Initialisierung des ersten Zählers (24) steuern, welcher diese Ausgangssignale in Betracht zieht zur Zeit der Emission seines Signals am Ende der Zählung, und daß die an der Adresse i*l der Speichermittel (31) anwesende Information gleich der Differenz zwischen den Zahlen N(i+1)l und Nil ist, wobei i einen Wert zwischen 0 und m-1 annimmt und l einen Wert zwischen 1 und L annimmt.
EP89401825A 1988-06-29 1989-06-27 Verfahren und Einrichtung zur Steuerung eines Matrixbildschirmes, der Grauwerte anzeigt Expired - Lifetime EP0349415B1 (de)

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FR8808756 1988-06-29
FR8808756A FR2633764B1 (fr) 1988-06-29 1988-06-29 Procede et dispositif de commande d'un ecran matriciel affichant des niveaux de gris

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FR2633764B1 (fr) 1991-02-15
FR2633764A1 (fr) 1990-01-05
KR900000830A (ko) 1990-01-31
EP0349415A1 (de) 1990-01-03
DE68906969T2 (de) 1993-12-23
CA1325297C (en) 1993-12-14
KR970006858B1 (ko) 1997-04-30
DE68906969D1 (de) 1993-07-15
JPH0264692A (ja) 1990-03-05
US5075683A (en) 1991-12-24

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