EP0345285B1 - Grille à gradins pivotants avec buses d'air - Google Patents

Grille à gradins pivotants avec buses d'air Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0345285B1
EP0345285B1 EP88901824A EP88901824A EP0345285B1 EP 0345285 B1 EP0345285 B1 EP 0345285B1 EP 88901824 A EP88901824 A EP 88901824A EP 88901824 A EP88901824 A EP 88901824A EP 0345285 B1 EP0345285 B1 EP 0345285B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
grill
nozzles
arrangement according
grate
stepped
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP88901824A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0345285A1 (fr
Inventor
Balduin Pauli
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
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Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to AT88901824T priority Critical patent/ATE70121T1/de
Publication of EP0345285A1 publication Critical patent/EP0345285A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0345285B1 publication Critical patent/EP0345285B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23H—GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
    • F23H1/00—Grates with solid bars
    • F23H1/02—Grates with solid bars having provision for air supply or air preheating, e.g. air-supply or blast fittings which form a part of the grate structure or serve as supports
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/002—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor characterised by their grates

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a step swiveling grate arrangement with a feed device and at least one grate step, each consisting of a lifting grate and assigned swiveling grate, and a subsequent burnout grate.
  • the measure according to the invention considerably increases and intensifies the combustion output, the combustion process is optimized and minimizes the combustion-dependent pollutants such as NO x , CO, C total and hydrocarbons C n H m .
  • Absorbents such as e.g. Lime can be added, which can result in an inclusion of pollutants.
  • fuel is transported and the fuel residues are transported and discharged in the usual way, as on any grate system, in particular a stepped grate system.
  • the resulting fluidized bed additionally transports fuel or wastes.
  • the residues are finally discharged through a known detoxification system.
  • the vortex nozzles are to be protected even better, the grate arrangement is to be kept even cleaner and the temperature resistance is to be increased as far as possible.
  • the slag-repellent ceramic coating with high temperature resistance can preferably only be provided in the lower part of the steep gratings.
  • the ceramic layer expediently consists of slag-repellent silicon carbide, which is stamped on.
  • the ceramic material itself has an additional holder through the vortex nozzles.
  • the arrangement of flat gratings with distributors and such grates is particularly suitable for special waste such as hospital or chemical waste, which is partly placed in containers with liquid content or becomes doughy or liquid in the burning phase.
  • the grate construction is absolutely tight at the bottom.
  • the high speeds at which the air exits the swirl nozzles prevents liquids from entering the nozzles themselves.
  • the slag-repellent ceramic material which is suitable for very high thermal loads, has a high wear resistance and a long service life compared to the previously heat-resistant Sicromal steels.
  • the new combustion concept thus offers a real alternative for systems with smaller hazardous waste throughputs of approx. 100 kg / h to a maximum of 2 t / h compared to the proven rotary kilns.
  • the measure according to the invention ie targeted air flow and the combustion chamber adapted to the combustion process with the long dwell times for the flue gases in the high temperature range, the combustion-dependent pollutants such as CO, NO x , total C, dust and traces of furans and dioxins are optimally reduced.
  • the ceramic material support can also be provided in the area of the swirl nozzles for swivel gratings.
  • an extremely intensive combustion with high thermal stress is provided for the grate material in the areas of the grate bar where the swirl nozzles are arranged.
  • the ceramic material can also be bricked up.
  • the grate bars can also be delivered individually finished.
  • the invention surprisingly uses the favorable properties of silicon carbide (for example Ullmann Volume 21, page 431 to page 436).
  • a stepped swivel grate system with waste task 1 with feed flap, unspecified allocation slide and a swivel grate system which consists of, for example, two stepped swivel grate steps 2 (each consisting of a steel grate and a flat grate) and (at the end of the grate) a further swivel grate step 2, one not designated burnout grate and a purification 6 exists.
  • So-called vortex components 3 are incorporated in the step swiveling grate system.
  • the combustion chamber 4, arrangement and design of the burner 5 and the arrangement of air distribution boxes 7 are known per se.
  • the garbage for example, given by the garbage application 1 to the butterfly valves (not shown) can be pre-dried there or later after falling onto the distribution slide and then conveyed to a drying and ignition grate 2.
  • the ignition can therefore already take place in the area of the first or second stepped pivoting grate element.
  • the lighter fuel fractions are lifted and further burned in the vortex. An abrasion occurs.
  • the combustion process is favored by the increase in surface area, especially when centrifuged sewage sludge with dry substances has been added by 30%.
  • each grate bar is supplied with cooling air in the center from below, for example from an air distribution box (not shown), which can be provided inside or outside an air funnel 7 (FIG. 1).
  • the air is passed over a cap, for example welded onto the top of the grate bar, as is known from DE-A-2833 255 (likewise not shown).
  • the air supplied in the center emerges on the end face in the area of the pivot bearing for the grate bars on the one hand and in the area of the opposite grate bar end on the other hand. The same applies to the grate bars of the steep section. Air is then blown out of the air distribution box 7 into the combustion chamber by means of a respective blower via nozzles 8 and ensures the described swirling.
  • each grate bar of the flat grate has three nozzles 8, which are provided approximately in the middle between the pivoting grate bearing 9 and the grate bar end 10.
  • the nozzles are otherwise evenly distributed over the entire width of the grate bar.
  • three rows of such nozzles are provided and form the swirl zone. Due to the escape of high-speed air from our own fans, the fuel is swirled up and swirled: the lighter fuel fractions are to a certain extent subjected to abrasion and reduction and are burned in suspension or transported to the burnout grates 2 '. The heavier fuel fractions are transported to the burnout elements 2 'both with the aid of the lifting movements of the swiveling grates and by the dynamics of the air flowing from the nozzles 8.
  • the residues of the substances burned in suspension are classified according to the swirling zones 3; 3 discharged with the flue gas stream or via the burnout elements 2 'and the purification device 6. Because the nozzles are seated in the pivotable grate element, the pivoting movements bring the nozzles into a changed position, which changes the outflow angle of the nozzle air in relation to the general flow of the flue gases in the combustion chamber. This is particularly illustrated in FIG. 3. The lifting of the steep grate 12 when the pivoting flat grate element 9; 10 takes place in the usual way.
  • the nozzles are formed by a silicon tube 13, on which a metal hose 14 is seated as an air supply.
  • Fig. 4 shows a further detail.
  • Two grate bars lying side by side each carry three nozzles 8, the nozzle diameter of which can be 2 to 10 mm, depending on the air outlet speed.
  • the intermediate distances between the nozzles for a conventional stepped swivel grate should be 150 mm and the distance to the edge of the grate bar 300 mm.
  • adsorbents in particular lime
  • the nozzle outlet, the inner surface of the nozzle and the diameter of the nozzle can be adjusted accordingly if this should be considered necessary.
  • Waste for example hospital waste
  • Waste is placed in the lock task 22, for example via a lifting system and generally in bags.
  • a slide piston 24 periodically advances the hospital waste by opening a fire chamber flap 26.
  • Primary air 28 is supplied in the area under the grate 20.
  • an allocator 30 pushes the garbage from the grate 2 down. The same is done on the next stage by the distributor 32.
  • the burnout grate 20 ''' is otherwise formed in the usual way.
  • a power and heating burner 34 is supplied at an angle with secondary air 36 (both provided in the masonry 38).
  • a detail of the grate 20 'is shown in Fig. 6 The same reference numerals mean the same parts in both figures.
  • the grate 20 ' is again formed as a swirl zone with three rows of nozzles 40' of nozzles 8 'and has proven to be useful.
  • the invention is not limited to this. Since some of the hospital waste is pasty, liquid or mushy, special nozzle shapes are provided. It is a form of a nozzle (FIGS. 7 and 8) in which the air exits the tube 44 into a reduced piece of tube (nozzle) 46.
  • the nozzle 46 is opened or closed by a plunger 48.
  • the pestle is part of a rake.
  • the plunger is a fire-resistant plunger, generally made of a solid material.
  • the additional air outlet nozzles 8 are thus provided.
  • These outlet nozzles represent vortex components which can also be closed with the aid of other devices so that liquid, pasty or sticky substances cannot get into the nozzles during start-up and shutdown as well as during operation of the system.
  • Fig. 7/8 explains the possibility of cleaning the nozzles of residues by retracting the tappet (nozzle blocked).
  • Each rake with tappets spaced from the nozzle carries 8 to 15 nozzles.
  • one or two nozzle rakes can also be closed, as a result of which the air time allocation and thus the combustion process are controlled.
  • the penetrations of the computer system from the supply air system are hermetically sealed.
  • the arrangement and design of the closure system in the area of the supply air system for the nozzles is shown in FIGS. 7/8.
  • the nozzles are cleaned, for example, by advancing the feeder 30 and thereby cleaning the nozzle orifices or nozzle heads. After the distributor has been withdrawn, the doughy remaining residue is burned more quickly.
  • the nozzles can be sealed or closed during start-up. This prevents sticky, doughy or liquid substances from entering during start-up, but also during operation.
  • Fig. 9 shows a grate bar with ceramic material layer 51, in which the vortex nozzles 54 are embedded.
  • the ceramic layer consists (in FIGS. 9 to 16) of slag-repellent material with high temperature resistance. It is applied to a steel support 52, which at the same time has the function of an air supply duct with the air supply pipes 53 required for this.
  • the grate bar rests on support beams 55 in a manner known per se.
  • a lateral holder is provided for additional holding of the ceramic material applied to the steel supports 52.
  • This can also consist of Sicromal steel.
  • this holder engages around the stiffened material and extends in a rail-like manner on both sides of the grate bar, preferably over its entire length.
  • the ceramic material support is thus held once by the air-supplying steel support 52, once by the nozzles 54 and then by the lateral holders 56.
  • the grate bar itself lies on the support beams 55 and is airtight at the bottom.
  • Fig. 15 shows an arrangement of two flat gratings with known distributors 57 and the grate bars 58.
  • This flat grate arrangement in the form of a staircase with distributors is particularly suitable for special waste such as hospital and chemical waste, some of which are placed in containers with liquid content or in the Burning phase become doughy or liquid. Since the grate construction is absolutely tight at the bottom and therefore no liquids can drip through the grate, the concept for hazardous waste is convincing.
  • the masonry and the burnout grate 60 are only indicated.
  • Fig. 16 shows practically the same representation as Fig. 2, only that in addition to the nozzles 59 (designated in Fig. 2 with 8) of the flat grate swirl nozzles 59 'are now provided in the lower region of the steep grate section of Fig. 16. Consequently, the ceramic pad 51 of the previous figures (here designated 60 and 60 ') is provided both in the steep grate and in the flat grate around the swirl nozzles.
  • the slag-repellent ceramic coating embedding the swirl nozzles is again of high temperature resistance.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
  • Ventilation (AREA)

Claims (15)

1. Agencement de grilles pivotantes étagées, comportant un dispositif d'amenée ainsi pour au moins un étage de grilles formé à chaque fois d'une grille en pente pouvant être soulevée et d'une grille pivotante associée, ainsi qu'une grille de combustion montée en aval, caractérisé en ce que, dans la grille en pente et dans la grille plane, des tuyères à turbulence à grande vitesse (59, 59′), logées dans des couches de céramique concassée (60, 60′), sont prévues en travers de la grille.
2. Agencement de grilles pivotantes étagées selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les tuyères formant les composants de turbulence (3 ; 3) sont réalisées pour souffler en outre des agrégats ou des combustibles pulvérulents.
3. Agencement de grilles pivotantes étagées salon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que les tuyères sont réalisées pour souffler des agents d'adsorption, en particulier du calcaire.
4. Agencement de grilles pivotantes étagées selon l'une des revendications 2 et 3, caractérisé en ce que les axes des tuyères sont disposés de manière à former un angle entre eux.
5. Agencement de grilles pivotantes étagées selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les tuyères sont formées d'un tuyau en Sicromal(12).
6. Agencement de grilles pivotantes étagées selon l'une des revendication 2 à 5, caractérisé en ce que les tuyères sont disposées dans la partie centrale des barreaux de grilles, sur toute la longueur des barreaux de grilles.
7. Agencement de grilles pivotantes étagées selon l'une des revendications 2 à 6, caractérisé en ce que le diamètre des tuyères (8) est de 2 à 10 mm.
8. Agencement de grilles pivotantes étagées selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé on ce que les tuyères sont réalisées de façon à pouvoir être fermées au moyen d'une tige-poussoir cylindrique adéquate, par déplacement axial par translation.
9. Agencement de grilles pivotantes étagées selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que les tiges-poussoirs sont placées sur leur grilles de retenue, qui peuvent aussi être déplacées par translation.
10. Agencement de grilles pivotantes étagées selon l'une des revendication précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la couche de céramique est formée de carbure de silicium (SiC) exempt de scories.
11. Agencement de grilles pivotantes étagées selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la couche de céramique est concassée dans un châssis de moule.
12. Agencement de grilles pivotantes étagées selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'amenée d'air (53) est prévue sur la face inférieure des barreaux de grilles, le conduit d'air tranverse les barreaux de grille longitudinalement et alimente les tuyères à turbulence à grande vitesse (54) situées verticalement en haut du barreau de grille.
13. Agencement de grilles pivotantes étagées selon la revendication 12, caractérisé en ce que deux rangées de tuyères (54 ; 54) sont prévues par barreau de grille.
14. Agencement de grilles pivotantes étagées selon la revendication 13, caractérisé en ce qu'il est prévu des fixations latérales supplémentaires (56), en forme de rail, qui partent du barreau de grille et entourent le matériau céramique par le bas.
15. Agencement de grilles pivotantes étagées selon la revendication 14, caractérisé en ce que la couche de céramique (51) est prévue dans le zone des tuyères à turbulence (54) de la grille plane et dans la zone des tuyères à turbulence (59′) dans la partie inférieure de la grille en pente (figure 16).
EP88901824A 1987-02-18 1988-02-16 Grille à gradins pivotants avec buses d'air Expired - Lifetime EP0345285B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT88901824T ATE70121T1 (de) 1987-02-18 1988-02-16 Stufenschwenkrostanordnung mit luftduesen.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3705164 1987-02-18
DE3705164 1987-02-18

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0345285A1 EP0345285A1 (fr) 1989-12-13
EP0345285B1 true EP0345285B1 (fr) 1991-12-04

Family

ID=6321259

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP88901824A Expired - Lifetime EP0345285B1 (fr) 1987-02-18 1988-02-16 Grille à gradins pivotants avec buses d'air

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US5033396A (fr)
EP (1) EP0345285B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE70121T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE3866699D1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1988006256A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE8815791U1 (fr) * 1988-12-20 1989-03-23 Pauli, Balduin, Dr., 8035 Gauting, De
IT1228302B (it) * 1989-02-08 1991-06-07 Livio Crippa Barrotto in ghisa con elemento di protezione in materiale ceramico od equivalente materiale di elevata resistenza al calore e all'usura.
DE3937866A1 (de) * 1989-03-06 1990-09-13 Pauli Balduin Rostanordnung und verfahren zum verbrennen von muell und abfall
DE4236073A1 (de) * 1992-10-26 1994-04-28 Waermetechnik Dr Pauli Gmbh Ausbrenneinrichtung sowie Verfahren zum Ausbrennen von Brennstoffen
CH684118A5 (de) * 1993-04-20 1994-07-15 Doikos Investments Ltd Verfahren zum Verbrennen von Kehricht auf einem Verbrennungsrost sowie Verbrennungsrost zur Ausübung des Verfahrens und Rostplatte für einen solchen Verbrennungsrost.
DE19857416A1 (de) * 1998-12-12 2000-06-15 Asea Brown Boveri Hochtemperaturbeständiger Roststab
KR20020001042A (ko) * 2000-06-23 2002-01-09 박호군 소각로용 계단식 축진동 화격자장치
US6981455B2 (en) * 2002-03-08 2006-01-03 Lefcort Malcolm D Two-stage wet waste gasifier and burner
EP1996863A1 (fr) * 2006-03-17 2008-12-03 Doikos Investments, Ltd. Grille refroidie par liquide comprenant des plaques d'usure
CN101210681B (zh) * 2006-12-30 2010-05-19 中国科学院过程工程研究所 一种用于层状解耦燃烧炉的往复摆动式机械炉排
DE102009016523A1 (de) 2009-04-08 2010-11-25 Baumgarte Boiler Systems Gmbh Roststab für einen Verbrennungsofen und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Roststabes
DE202013009741U1 (de) * 2013-12-02 2015-03-03 Wvt Breiding Gmbh Rostelement mit eingegossenem Keramikeinsatz sowie Vorschubrost
CN104197318B (zh) * 2014-09-19 2017-03-22 四川能节环保科技有限公司 洁净煤绿色低氮燃烧高效节能减碳炉
EP3168534B1 (fr) * 2015-11-13 2019-04-17 Seko-Patent GmbH Barreau de grille et grille et installation de combustion
CN109882866A (zh) * 2019-02-25 2019-06-14 中机眉山再生能源有限公司 一种再生资源焚烧发电方法
EP4027091A1 (fr) * 2021-01-08 2022-07-13 Babcock & Wilcox Vølund A/S Élément de grille à plaques pour une grille mobile d'un four
EP4303492A1 (fr) 2022-07-07 2024-01-10 Babcock & Wilcox Vølund A/S Élément de grille à plaques pour une grille mobile d'un four

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE911889C (de) * 1954-04-08 Dipl.-Ing. Ferdinand Tschinka, Auhausen bei Wassertrüdingen Mechanische Feuerung
FR520124A (fr) * 1919-03-20 1921-06-21 Josef Martin Procédé et dispositif pour l'utilisation de matières à bruler de tout genre, particulièrement de telles matières qui sont difficilement inflammables ou scorifiées ou fortement scorifiantes
US2137158A (en) * 1937-12-01 1938-11-15 Fuller Co Clinker cooling
DE916448C (de) * 1949-05-24 1954-08-09 Steinmueller Gmbh L & C Vorschubtreppenrost
FR1103946A (fr) * 1954-07-09 1955-11-08 Polysius Gmbh Dispositif pour le refroidissement de matière frittée dans un four tubulaire rotatif ou un four analogue
FR1267600A (fr) * 1960-09-16 1961-07-21 Dispositif pour le réglage automatique du débit d'air à l'intérieur d'un foyer
FR2247134A5 (fr) * 1973-10-09 1975-05-02 Stein Industrie
US4170183A (en) * 1977-10-20 1979-10-09 Energy Generation, Inc. Incinerating method and apparatus having selective, controlled movement of materials during combustion
DE2833255A1 (de) * 1978-07-28 1980-02-07 Pauli Gmbh Waermetechnik Luftgekuehlter roststab
FR2543116B1 (fr) * 1983-03-24 1985-07-26 Gatx Fuller Sa Plaque pour transporteur du type oscillant et transporteur correspondant
US4598651A (en) * 1984-09-21 1986-07-08 Flickinger Dale M Furnace with oscillating grate
FR2574160A1 (fr) * 1984-11-30 1986-06-06 Electricite De France Grille de foyer realisee a partir d'elements permettant un controle ameliore de l'apport en air primaire
DE3538059A1 (de) * 1985-10-25 1987-04-30 Krupp Polysius Ag Vorrichtung zum kuehlen von heissem gut

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3804815A1 (de) 1988-09-01
EP0345285A1 (fr) 1989-12-13
DE3866699D1 (de) 1992-01-16
ATE70121T1 (de) 1991-12-15
US5033396A (en) 1991-07-23
WO1988006256A1 (fr) 1988-08-25

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